Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.5194/adgeo-64-13-2024
Jung-Jun Lin, Chia-Hung Liang
Abstract. In groundwater resource management, the hydrogeological framework significantly influences groundwater flow and storage. The complexity of groundwater systems in orogenic regions necessitates comprehensive investigations. To ensure sustainable groundwater management and address global climate change impacts, hydrogeological surveys and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale are essential. However, regional surveys are often limited by budget constraints and field accessibility. Therefore, integrating remote sensing and GIS technology to analyze terrain features, combined with field test results, facilitates the establishment of comprehensive terrain classifications and groundwater potential maps, aiding subsequent groundwater resource investigations and management. This study collected data from 75 field investigation sites spanning the mountainous to plain regions of central Taiwan at the catchment scale. The data included regolith thickness, hydraulic parameters, and nearly ten years of groundwater level observations. Terrain classifications were based on indices such as the topographic wetness index, topographic position index, and slope degree, resulting in seven distinct terrain types. The results revealed that in main riverbed deposits and flat slopes, there were higher average well yields and groundwater-level fluctuations. Greater fluctuations were observed in areas characterized by ridges, colluvium, and low elevation in slope areas and valleys. The variability in shallow aquifers was particularly pronounced, with outliers reaching higher levels in slope and valley terrains. These findings underscore the complexity of groundwater dynamics in diverse terrain types, highlighting the need for tailored management strategies to ensure sustainable groundwater resources.
{"title":"Terrain-based evaluation of groundwater potential and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale in Taiwan","authors":"Jung-Jun Lin, Chia-Hung Liang","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-64-13-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-64-13-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In groundwater resource management, the hydrogeological framework significantly influences groundwater flow and storage. The complexity of groundwater systems in orogenic regions necessitates comprehensive investigations. To ensure sustainable groundwater management and address global climate change impacts, hydrogeological surveys and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale are essential. However, regional surveys are often limited by budget constraints and field accessibility. Therefore, integrating remote sensing and GIS technology to analyze terrain features, combined with field test results, facilitates the establishment of comprehensive terrain classifications and groundwater potential maps, aiding subsequent groundwater resource investigations and management. This study collected data from 75 field investigation sites spanning the mountainous to plain regions of central Taiwan at the catchment scale. The data included regolith thickness, hydraulic parameters, and nearly ten years of groundwater level observations. Terrain classifications were based on indices such as the topographic wetness index, topographic position index, and slope degree, resulting in seven distinct terrain types. The results revealed that in main riverbed deposits and flat slopes, there were higher average well yields and groundwater-level fluctuations. Greater fluctuations were observed in areas characterized by ridges, colluvium, and low elevation in slope areas and valleys. The variability in shallow aquifers was particularly pronounced, with outliers reaching higher levels in slope and valley terrains. These findings underscore the complexity of groundwater dynamics in diverse terrain types, highlighting the need for tailored management strategies to ensure sustainable groundwater resources.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. D. Huy, Bui Du Duong, Pham Ba Quyen, Vu Manh Hai
Abstract. Water extraction solutions in the high mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam commonly include rainwater harvesting, dug wells, drilled wells, groundwater springs, and hanging lakes. However, many water supply systems operate inefficiently and lack flexibility. This study established 10 criteria for selecting groundwater exploitation technology, divided into three groups: water resources, economic and technical, social, and environmental criteria. These criteria aim to identify appropriate water extraction technologies suitable for high mountainous and water-scarce regions, ensuring the long-term and efficient operation of water supply systems. The Geographic Information System (GIS) approach was utilized, integrating the criteria using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to select suitable water extraction technologies. The research results indicate that the evaluation criteria for determining suitable areas for implementing sustainable water extraction technologies, and the weights assigned to these criteria, ensure a consistent ratio (CR) <10 % according to the hierarchical analysis method. This article presents the results of identifying areas suitable for implementing groundwater extraction technologies using drilled wells, based on seven criteria within three groups: water resources, economic and technical, and social criteria. The GIS approach has been employed, and the criteria have been integrated using the AHP to select and determine the areas suitable for implementing groundwater extraction technologies using drilled wells.
{"title":"Criteria for selection of technology to exploit groundwater in water-scarce area in Vietnam","authors":"T. D. Huy, Bui Du Duong, Pham Ba Quyen, Vu Manh Hai","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-64-7-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-64-7-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Water extraction solutions in the high mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam commonly include rainwater harvesting, dug wells, drilled wells, groundwater springs, and hanging lakes. However, many water supply systems operate inefficiently and lack flexibility. This study established 10 criteria for selecting groundwater exploitation technology, divided into three groups: water resources, economic and technical, social, and environmental criteria. These criteria aim to identify appropriate water extraction technologies suitable for high mountainous and water-scarce regions, ensuring the long-term and efficient operation of water supply systems. The Geographic Information System (GIS) approach was utilized, integrating the criteria using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to select suitable water extraction technologies. The research results indicate that the evaluation criteria for determining suitable areas for implementing sustainable water extraction technologies, and the weights assigned to these criteria, ensure a consistent ratio (CR) <10 % according to the hierarchical analysis method. This article presents the results of identifying areas suitable for implementing groundwater extraction technologies using drilled wells, based on seven criteria within three groups: water resources, economic and technical, and social criteria. The GIS approach has been employed, and the criteria have been integrated using the AHP to select and determine the areas suitable for implementing groundwater extraction technologies using drilled wells.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"122 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.5194/adgeo-62-71-2024
Daniela Navarro-Perez, Quentin Fisher, S. Allshorn, C. Grattoni, P. Lorinczi
Abstract. Porosity and permeability measurements aid the characterisation of geothermal reservoirs as they improve understanding of the impact of rock–fluid interactions during the life cycle of wells. Core flooding experiments can help us comprehend the rock–brine electrochemical system as critical parameters like salinity, pH, temperature, or pressure change. If the clay mineral content is significant it can reduce permeability and porosity since these particles can block the pore throat network connectivity through clay migration or swelling. A multi-salinity experiment was conducted in three tight clay-bearing (kaolinite, chlorite, and glauconite) sandstones to study the impact of clay on their petrophysical properties. The experiment consisted of core-flooding brines with salinities of 75 000–200 000 and 0–50 000 ppm NaCl at very low flow rates. Electrical resistivity, the differential pressure across the sample, outlet brine electrical conductivity, and brine permeability were measured. Pore size distribution was acquired by measuring nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 relaxation time. Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) was derived using the Waxman and Smits (1968) approach. The derived CECs were 71.5, 4.7, and 3.6 meq per 100 g for the kaolinite, chlorite, and glauconite sandstones, respectively. Kaolinite was the least water-sensitive as its permeability decreased uniformly. Chlorite and glauconite were more water-sensitive as in the low salinity range; their permeability increased, and both displayed a bimodal NMR T2 distribution and pore size rearrangement towards the mesoporosity and macroporosity range, indicating that the cation-exchange site prevailed within the pore space. This investigation highlights the importance of ensuring that appropriate fluid chemistry is used on brines flowing in clay-bearing geothermal reservoirs.
{"title":"Multi-salinity core flooding study in clay-bearing sandstones, a contribution to geothermal reservoir characterisation","authors":"Daniela Navarro-Perez, Quentin Fisher, S. Allshorn, C. Grattoni, P. Lorinczi","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-62-71-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-71-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Porosity and permeability measurements aid the characterisation of geothermal reservoirs as they improve understanding of the impact of rock–fluid interactions during the life cycle of wells. Core flooding experiments can help us comprehend the rock–brine electrochemical system as critical parameters like salinity, pH, temperature, or pressure change. If the clay mineral content is significant it can reduce permeability and porosity since these particles can block the pore throat network connectivity through clay migration or swelling. A multi-salinity experiment was conducted in three tight clay-bearing (kaolinite, chlorite, and glauconite) sandstones to study the impact of clay on their petrophysical properties. The experiment consisted of core-flooding brines with salinities of 75 000–200 000 and 0–50 000 ppm NaCl at very low flow rates. Electrical resistivity, the differential pressure across the sample, outlet brine electrical conductivity, and brine permeability were measured. Pore size distribution was acquired by measuring nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 relaxation time. Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) was derived using the Waxman and Smits (1968) approach. The derived CECs were 71.5, 4.7, and 3.6 meq per 100 g for the kaolinite, chlorite, and glauconite sandstones, respectively. Kaolinite was the least water-sensitive as its permeability decreased uniformly. Chlorite and glauconite were more water-sensitive as in the low salinity range; their permeability increased, and both displayed a bimodal NMR T2 distribution and pore size rearrangement towards the mesoporosity and macroporosity range, indicating that the cation-exchange site prevailed within the pore space. This investigation highlights the importance of ensuring that appropriate fluid chemistry is used on brines flowing in clay-bearing geothermal reservoirs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"277 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.5194/adgeo-62-67-2024
Michael Kühn, V. Bruckman, S. Martens, Johannes M. Miocic, Giorgia Stasi
Abstract. The European Geosciences Union (EGU) brings together geoscientists from all over Europe and the rest of the world, covering all disciplines of Earth, planetary and space sciences. The Division on Energy, Resources and the Environment (ERE), as part of the EGU, follows an interdisciplinary approach to serve society and provide solutions to challenges of our time and in the future. One task for humankind, for example, is to provide adequate and reliable supplies of affordable energy and other resources, obtained in environmentally sustainable ways, which will be essential for economic prosperity, environmental quality and political stability around the world. This volume of Advances in Geosciences spans the range of topics of the division and continues a series of ten ERE special issues over the course of the last ten years. We incorporate emerging topics into the division ERE along the line and we advocate that every idea and opportunity should be studied and tested.
{"title":"Preface to the special issue of the Division Energy, Resources and the Environment at the EGU General Assembly 2023","authors":"Michael Kühn, V. Bruckman, S. Martens, Johannes M. Miocic, Giorgia Stasi","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-62-67-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-67-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The European Geosciences Union (EGU) brings together geoscientists from all over Europe and the rest of the world, covering all disciplines of Earth, planetary and space sciences. The Division on Energy, Resources and the Environment (ERE), as part of the EGU, follows an interdisciplinary approach to serve society and provide solutions to challenges of our time and in the future. One task for humankind, for example, is to provide adequate and reliable supplies of affordable energy and other resources, obtained in environmentally sustainable ways, which will be essential for economic prosperity, environmental quality and political stability around the world. This volume of Advances in Geosciences spans the range of topics of the division and continues a series of ten ERE special issues over the course of the last ten years. We incorporate emerging topics into the division ERE along the line and we advocate that every idea and opportunity should be studied and tested.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.5194/adgeo-62-41-2023
Anthony J. Kettle
Abstract. January 2007 was a bad storm month for much of central and northern Europe with a series of extratropical cyclones bringing high winds and precipitation to highly populated areas between Ireland and Russia. Although Storm Kyrill on 18–19 January 2007 was the most serious for its infrastructure damage and insurance costs, Storm Franz from the preceding week on 11–12 January 2007 was actually more serious for its maritime impacts in western Europe. This contribution takes a closer look at Storm Franz with an overview of its wind field and its impact on energy infrastructure, transportation networks and building damage. Maritime casualties are reviewed with respect to met-ocean conditions. The storm was notable for a series of wave-related accidents off southeast Ireland, the English Channel, and German Bight. An analysis is carried out on water level recorders around the North Sea to assess the storm surge and short period oscillations that may reveal harbour seiches or meteotsunamis. The results are compared with wave recorders, which had a fairly good coverage across the North Sea in 2007. The issue of wave damage to offshore infrastructure was highlighted in events associated with Storm Britta on 31 October–1 November 2006. Offshore wind energy in northwest Europe was in a growth phase during this time, and there were questions about the extreme met-ocean conditions that could be expected in the 20 year lifetime of an offshore wind turbine.
{"title":"Storm Franz: Societal and energy impacts in northwest Europe on 11–12 January 2007","authors":"Anthony J. Kettle","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-62-41-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-41-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. January 2007 was a bad storm month for much of central and northern Europe with a series of extratropical cyclones bringing high winds and precipitation to highly populated areas between Ireland and Russia. Although Storm Kyrill on 18–19 January 2007 was the most serious for its infrastructure damage and insurance costs, Storm Franz from the preceding week on 11–12 January 2007 was actually more serious for its maritime impacts in western Europe. This contribution takes a closer look at Storm Franz with an overview of its wind field and its impact on energy infrastructure, transportation networks and building damage. Maritime casualties are reviewed with respect to met-ocean conditions. The storm was notable for a series of wave-related accidents off southeast Ireland, the English Channel, and German Bight. An analysis is carried out on water level recorders around the North Sea to assess the storm surge and short period oscillations that may reveal harbour seiches or meteotsunamis. The results are compared with wave recorders, which had a fairly good coverage across the North Sea in 2007. The issue of wave damage to offshore infrastructure was highlighted in events associated with Storm Britta on 31 October–1 November 2006. Offshore wind energy in northwest Europe was in a growth phase during this time, and there were questions about the extreme met-ocean conditions that could be expected in the 20 year lifetime of an offshore wind turbine.","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.5194/adgeo-62-31-2023
Bo Strömberg, Elena Calota, Jinsong Liu, Michael Egan
Abstract. Regulatory review of a licence application for construction and operation of a geological repository for radioactive waste should not only be based on information provided by the applicant but also on viewpoints brought up by stakeholders and decision makers. In the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority's (SSM) licensing review of a spent fuel repository at the Forsmark site, the main concerns brought up in court hearings, from national consultations and by the Swedish government were focused around the long-term protective capacity of the copper canisters with cast iron inserts. The most debated canister degradation mechanisms were anoxic corrosion of copper (in oxygen gas free water), localised sulphide corrosion (pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking), the influence of gamma radiation, and strain hardening of the canister cast iron insert. The main question addressed by SSM is not whether such effects can be ruled out altogether, but rather their potential extent and influence on canister integrity during a sufficiently long period in the repository environment. Constraints are mainly based on rock properties and associated hydrological and geochemical factors known from site investigation and knowledge about the protective capability of the buffer barrier. The key factors are in general well characterised and cover for instance sulphide availability, groundwater flow, mass transfer rates and expected mechanical loading on canisters in the repository environment. The canister corrosion/degradation mechanisms reviewed in this paper are judged by SSM to have a small or limited importance for demonstration of regulatory compliance, taking into account the characteristics of the site, the function of the buffer, and the margins provided by the significant thickness and mechanical strength of the proposed canister.
{"title":"Assessment of canister degradation for the encapsulation of spent nuclear fuel: Key research issues encountered in recent regulatory reviews and government decision making in Sweden","authors":"Bo Strömberg, Elena Calota, Jinsong Liu, Michael Egan","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-62-31-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-31-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Regulatory review of a licence application for construction and operation of a geological repository for radioactive waste should not only be based on information provided by the applicant but also on viewpoints brought up by stakeholders and decision makers. In the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority's (SSM) licensing review of a spent fuel repository at the Forsmark site, the main concerns brought up in court hearings, from national consultations and by the Swedish government were focused around the long-term protective capacity of the copper canisters with cast iron inserts. The most debated canister degradation mechanisms were anoxic corrosion of copper (in oxygen gas free water), localised sulphide corrosion (pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking), the influence of gamma radiation, and strain hardening of the canister cast iron insert. The main question addressed by SSM is not whether such effects can be ruled out altogether, but rather their potential extent and influence on canister integrity during a sufficiently long period in the repository environment. Constraints are mainly based on rock properties and associated hydrological and geochemical factors known from site investigation and knowledge about the protective capability of the buffer barrier. The key factors are in general well characterised and cover for instance sulphide availability, groundwater flow, mass transfer rates and expected mechanical loading on canisters in the repository environment. The canister corrosion/degradation mechanisms reviewed in this paper are judged by SSM to have a small or limited importance for demonstration of regulatory compliance, taking into account the characteristics of the site, the function of the buffer, and the margins provided by the significant thickness and mechanical strength of the proposed canister.","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"130 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136261605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.5194/adgeo-62-21-2023
Theresa Hennig, Michael Kühn
Abstract. Safety assessments of highly radioactive waste disposal sites are done based on simulation of radionuclide migration lengths through the containment providing rock zone. For a close to real case situation, the present model concept established for uranium is derived from the hydrogeological evolution and geochemical and mineralogical data measured at the deep geothermal borehole Schlattingen including the effect of geo-engineered barriers on the source term. In the Schlattingen area, the Opalinus Clay is tectonically undeformed compared to the Mont Terri anticline and represents the geochemical and temperature conditions at the favoured disposal depth. The geochemical conditions are more or less constant with slightly decreasing concentrations of pore water components towards the footwall aquifer. Uranium migrates less compared to the Opalinus Clay system at Mont Terri, where gradients of pore water geochemistry towards the embedding aquifers are more pronounced. This means, stable geochemical conditions with no or low concentration gradients are to be favoured for a safe disposal since migration lengths strongly depend on spatial and temporal variation of the hydrogeological and geochemical conditions within the host formation. The engineered barriers reduce the source term concentration what, in turn, is associated with a decrease in uranium migration. Stable geochemical conditions further enable the application of the Kd approach to estimate the impact of the barriers. The hydrogeological system must always be considered when quantifying radionuclide migration.
{"title":"Uranium migration lengths in Opalinus Clay depend on geochemical gradients, radionuclide source term concentration and pore water composition","authors":"Theresa Hennig, Michael Kühn","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-62-21-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-21-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Safety assessments of highly radioactive waste disposal sites are done based on simulation of radionuclide migration lengths through the containment providing rock zone. For a close to real case situation, the present model concept established for uranium is derived from the hydrogeological evolution and geochemical and mineralogical data measured at the deep geothermal borehole Schlattingen including the effect of geo-engineered barriers on the source term. In the Schlattingen area, the Opalinus Clay is tectonically undeformed compared to the Mont Terri anticline and represents the geochemical and temperature conditions at the favoured disposal depth. The geochemical conditions are more or less constant with slightly decreasing concentrations of pore water components towards the footwall aquifer. Uranium migrates less compared to the Opalinus Clay system at Mont Terri, where gradients of pore water geochemistry towards the embedding aquifers are more pronounced. This means, stable geochemical conditions with no or low concentration gradients are to be favoured for a safe disposal since migration lengths strongly depend on spatial and temporal variation of the hydrogeological and geochemical conditions within the host formation. The engineered barriers reduce the source term concentration what, in turn, is associated with a decrease in uranium migration. Stable geochemical conditions further enable the application of the Kd approach to estimate the impact of the barriers. The hydrogeological system must always be considered when quantifying radionuclide migration.","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"2675 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. A significant geographical feature in Qatar is represented by aeolian sand dunes, which cover approximately 12 % of the country's total surface area and are well-developed in the southern region. This study aims to enhance our understanding of Qatari sand dunes by investigating their textural parameters, chemical composition, mineralogy, potential sources of sediment, and transportation mechanisms. To assess the physical and chemical characteristics of the sand dunes being examined, various experimental techniques were employed, including grain size analyses, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. The analysis of the studied sand dunes indicates a combination of calcareous and siliceous materials. These dunes predominantly consist of quartz, protoenststite, calcite, and feldspar minerals, with clay minerals being relatively scarce. The chemical composition of the sand samples shows high levels of silicon oxide, significant concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum oxides, along with smaller amounts of iron, chlorine, potassium, and sulfur oxides. Furthermore, trace elements such as titanium, strontium, chromium, and scandium oxides were found in negligible quantities. Based on the physical and chemical properties observed in the studied sand dunes, it can be inferred that they originate from the Mesopotamian plain, Zagros Mountains, and the calcareous coast of the Arabian Gulf are likely of aeolian origin. The findings derived from our examination of Qatari sand dunes have been compared with published data from the Arabian deserts situated along the Mediterranean Sea. The primary objective of this comparative analysis is to highlight both the common features and distinctive variations in their composition and origins. This comparative assessment suggests that Qatari sand dunes exhibit lower maturity levels in terms of silicon content and may have an origin distinct from those in the Mediterranean region.
{"title":"Physicochemical Characterization and Origin of Aeolian Sand Dunes in Southeastern Qatar: A Comparative Study with Mediterranean Sand Dunes","authors":"Hezam Al-Awah, Wael S. Matter","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-63-1-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-63-1-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A significant geographical feature in Qatar is represented by aeolian sand dunes, which cover approximately 12 % of the country's total surface area and are well-developed in the southern region. This study aims to enhance our understanding of Qatari sand dunes by investigating their textural parameters, chemical composition, mineralogy, potential sources of sediment, and transportation mechanisms. To assess the physical and chemical characteristics of the sand dunes being examined, various experimental techniques were employed, including grain size analyses, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. The analysis of the studied sand dunes indicates a combination of calcareous and siliceous materials. These dunes predominantly consist of quartz, protoenststite, calcite, and feldspar minerals, with clay minerals being relatively scarce. The chemical composition of the sand samples shows high levels of silicon oxide, significant concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum oxides, along with smaller amounts of iron, chlorine, potassium, and sulfur oxides. Furthermore, trace elements such as titanium, strontium, chromium, and scandium oxides were found in negligible quantities. Based on the physical and chemical properties observed in the studied sand dunes, it can be inferred that they originate from the Mesopotamian plain, Zagros Mountains, and the calcareous coast of the Arabian Gulf are likely of aeolian origin. The findings derived from our examination of Qatari sand dunes have been compared with published data from the Arabian deserts situated along the Mediterranean Sea. The primary objective of this comparative analysis is to highlight both the common features and distinctive variations in their composition and origins. This comparative assessment suggests that Qatari sand dunes exhibit lower maturity levels in terms of silicon content and may have an origin distinct from those in the Mediterranean region.","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.5194/adgeo-62-11-2023
Jackie E. Kendrick, Anthony Lamur, Julien Mouli-Castillo, Andrew P. Fraser-Harris, Alexander Lightbody, Katriona Edlmann, Christopher McDermott, Zoe Shipton
Abstract. The strength and rupture of geomaterials are integral to subsurface engineering practices, such as those required to optimise geothermal energy extraction. Of particular importance is the time- and strain-rate-dependence of material strength, which dictates the energy released upon failure, and impacts the magnitude of induced seismicity, fracture architecture and thus hydraulic conductivity and system permeability. Here, we performed a series of uniaxial compression and Brazilian tensile strength measurements at a range of deformation rates in order to constrain the impact of strain rate on the strength of G603 granite. The dense, low permeability, medium-grained granites were mechanically tested at 4 strain rates (or diametric equivalent strain rates in the case of Brazilian tests) from 10−5 to 10−2 s−1, such that sample failure was achieved in anything from below 1s at the fastest rate in tension, to over 1000s at the slowest rate in compression. The applied rates encompassed those recommended by ISRM and ASTM material testing standards for compressive and Brazilian tensile testing. We found a significant rate strengthening effect, whereby compressive and tensile strength both increased by approximately 35 % across the 4 orders of magnitude of strain rate tested. We found that the static Young's modulus remained relatively constant across this range of deformation rates, however variability was reduced at faster rates, owing to the reduced time for equilibration of the system to imposed stresses. The lower strength at slower strain rates causes smaller stress drops, indicating that rocks driven to compressive and tensile failure at slower rates release less energy upon failure. Such constraints of the strain-rate-dependence of material strength, in contrast to the use of standardised material characteristics conventionally used in Engineering Geology applications, will prove useful as we develop increasingly sophisticated strategies such as cyclic soft stimulation to access resources using less energy, whilst reducing environmental risk and producing less waste.
{"title":"Rate-dependence of the compressive and tensile strength of granites","authors":"Jackie E. Kendrick, Anthony Lamur, Julien Mouli-Castillo, Andrew P. Fraser-Harris, Alexander Lightbody, Katriona Edlmann, Christopher McDermott, Zoe Shipton","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-62-11-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-11-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The strength and rupture of geomaterials are integral to subsurface engineering practices, such as those required to optimise geothermal energy extraction. Of particular importance is the time- and strain-rate-dependence of material strength, which dictates the energy released upon failure, and impacts the magnitude of induced seismicity, fracture architecture and thus hydraulic conductivity and system permeability. Here, we performed a series of uniaxial compression and Brazilian tensile strength measurements at a range of deformation rates in order to constrain the impact of strain rate on the strength of G603 granite. The dense, low permeability, medium-grained granites were mechanically tested at 4 strain rates (or diametric equivalent strain rates in the case of Brazilian tests) from 10−5 to 10−2 s−1, such that sample failure was achieved in anything from below 1s at the fastest rate in tension, to over 1000s at the slowest rate in compression. The applied rates encompassed those recommended by ISRM and ASTM material testing standards for compressive and Brazilian tensile testing. We found a significant rate strengthening effect, whereby compressive and tensile strength both increased by approximately 35 % across the 4 orders of magnitude of strain rate tested. We found that the static Young's modulus remained relatively constant across this range of deformation rates, however variability was reduced at faster rates, owing to the reduced time for equilibration of the system to imposed stresses. The lower strength at slower strain rates causes smaller stress drops, indicating that rocks driven to compressive and tensile failure at slower rates release less energy upon failure. Such constraints of the strain-rate-dependence of material strength, in contrast to the use of standardised material characteristics conventionally used in Engineering Geology applications, will prove useful as we develop increasingly sophisticated strategies such as cyclic soft stimulation to access resources using less energy, whilst reducing environmental risk and producing less waste.","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134976027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Zajzon, Boglárka A. Topa, Richárd Zoltán Papp, Jussi Aaltonen, José Miguel Almeida, Carlos Almeida, Alfredo Martins, Balázs Bodó, S. Henley, M. Pinto, G. Žibret
Abstract. The UNEXMIN (Horizon 2020) and UNEXUP (EIT RawMaterials) projects developed a novel technology to send robots and even autonomously deliver optical images, 3D maps and other georeferenced scientific data from flooded underground environments, like abandoned mines, caves or wells. The concept turned into a market ready solution in seven years, where the last few years of field trials of the development beautifully demonstrating the technology's premier capabilities. Here in this paper, we focus on the wide variety of environments, circumstances and measurements where the UNEXMIN technology can be the best solution or the only solution to deliver certain research or engineering data. These are obtained from both simple and complex environments like different mines and caves, small and large cavities, long and tight tunnels and shafts, different visibility conditions, even different densities of the liquid medium where UX robots operated.
{"title":"Underwater measurements with UX robots; a new and available tool developed by UNEXUP","authors":"N. Zajzon, Boglárka A. Topa, Richárd Zoltán Papp, Jussi Aaltonen, José Miguel Almeida, Carlos Almeida, Alfredo Martins, Balázs Bodó, S. Henley, M. Pinto, G. Žibret","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-62-1-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-1-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The UNEXMIN (Horizon 2020) and UNEXUP (EIT RawMaterials)\u0000projects developed a novel technology to send robots and even autonomously\u0000deliver optical images, 3D maps and other georeferenced scientific data from\u0000flooded underground environments, like abandoned mines, caves or wells. The\u0000concept turned into a market ready solution in seven years, where the last\u0000few years of field trials of the development beautifully demonstrating the\u0000technology's premier capabilities. Here in this paper, we focus on the wide\u0000variety of environments, circumstances and measurements where the UNEXMIN\u0000technology can be the best solution or the only solution to deliver certain\u0000research or engineering data. These are obtained from both simple and\u0000complex environments like different mines and caves, small and large\u0000cavities, long and tight tunnels and shafts, different visibility\u0000conditions, even different densities of the liquid medium where UX robots\u0000operated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7329,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Geosciences","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87696696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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