{"title":"HLA-G and HLA-E: fundamental and pathophysiological aspects.","authors":"E D Carosella, P Paul, P Moreau, N Rouas-Freiss","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"532-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138814664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01749-7
Amnon Altman , Noah Isakov , Gottfried Baier
Recent studies have identified protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ), a member of the Ca2+-independent PKC family, as an essential component of the T-cell synapse that cooperates with calcineurin to activate the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene. Several selective functions of PKCθ involved in the activation and survival of T cells are reviewed herein. Among these, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling cascade appears to be the most critical target of PKCθ in the T-cell receptor/CD28 costimulatory pathway that leads to T-cell activation.
{"title":"Protein kinase Cθ: a new essential superstar on the T-cell stage","authors":"Amnon Altman , Noah Isakov , Gottfried Baier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01749-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01749-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies have identified protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ), a member of the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-independent PKC family, as an essential component of the T-cell synapse that cooperates with calcineurin to activate the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene. Several selective functions of PKCθ involved in the activation and survival of T cells are reviewed herein. Among these, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling cascade appears to be the most critical target of PKCθ in the T-cell receptor/CD28 costimulatory pathway that leads to T-cell activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 567-573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01749-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21918708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01736-9
Franca C Hartgers , Carl G Figdor , Gosse J Adema
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that play a pivotal role in the control of immunity. The molecules and organization of cellular processes that render DCs so effective in stimulating immune responses are actively pursued. Here, we discuss newly identified DC-associated molecules and their role in regulating the unique behavior and function of the antigen presenting DCs.
{"title":"Towards a molecular understanding of dendritic cell immunobiology","authors":"Franca C Hartgers , Carl G Figdor , Gosse J Adema","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01736-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01736-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that play a pivotal role in the control of immunity. The molecules and organization of cellular processes that render DCs so effective in stimulating immune responses are actively pursued. Here, we discuss newly identified DC-associated molecules and their role in regulating the unique behavior and function of the antigen presenting DCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 542-545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01736-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21920018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01726-6
Rajneesh Malhotra , Tony Merry , Keith P. Ray
A recent meeting* focused on the biochemical and functional events regulated by innate response molecules such as the complement system and Toll, and their role in regulating the adaptive immune response.
{"title":"Innate immunity: a primitive system in humans","authors":"Rajneesh Malhotra , Tony Merry , Keith P. Ray","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01726-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01726-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A recent meeting<span><sup>*</sup></span> focused on the biochemical and functional events regulated by innate response molecules such as the complement system and Toll, and their role in regulating the adaptive immune response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 534-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01726-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86003987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01734-5
Pamela J. Fink , Catherine J. McMahan
Pamela Fink and Catherine McMahan discuss how B and T cells test for useful antigen receptors and weed out potentially harmful ones, with special attention paid to T-cell receptor revision, a newly described mechanism by which mature T cells can maintain self tolerance.
{"title":"Lymphocytes rearrange, edit and revise their antigen receptors to be useful yet safe","authors":"Pamela J. Fink , Catherine J. McMahan","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01734-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01734-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pamela Fink and Catherine McMahan discuss how B and T cells test for useful antigen receptors and weed out potentially harmful ones, with special attention paid to T-cell receptor revision, a newly described mechanism by which mature T cells can maintain self tolerance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 561-566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01734-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21918707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01762-X
Peter Garred
{"title":"Innate immunity creates hope for new strategies in treatment of infections","authors":"Peter Garred","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01762-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01762-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Page 531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01762-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21920015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01707-2
Edgardo D. Carosella , Pascale Paul , Philippe Moreau , Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
The First International Conference on HLA-G, held in 1998, led us to the conclusion that HLA-G is a tolerance molecule from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that plays an important role in maternal–fetal tolerance and probably in tumors and transplantation. The Second International Conference on HLA-G* focused on the pathophysiology of HLA-G and was extended to HLA-E and HLA-F.
{"title":"HLA-G and HLA-E: fundamental and pathophysiological aspects","authors":"Edgardo D. Carosella , Pascale Paul , Philippe Moreau , Nathalie Rouas-Freiss","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01707-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01707-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The First International Conference on HLA-G, held in 1998, led us to the conclusion that HLA-G is a tolerance molecule from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that plays an important role in maternal–fetal tolerance and probably in tumors and transplantation. The Second International Conference on HLA-G<span><sup>*</sup></span> focused on the pathophysiology of HLA-G and was extended to HLA-E and HLA-F.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 532-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01707-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76126612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01717-5
Norbert Koch , Ian R van Driel , Paul A Gleeson
Novel antigen delivery systems are currently being developed by genetic manipulation of the MHC class II trafficking pathway. Specific targeting of endogenously synthesized antigens to the class II loading compartment can result in massively enhanced presentation of peptide epitopes. This emerging technology holds promise for a variety of clinical applications including vaccine development, cancer therapies and control of autoimmune diseases.
{"title":"Hijacking a chaperone: manipulation of the MHC class II presentation pathway","authors":"Norbert Koch , Ian R van Driel , Paul A Gleeson","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01717-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01717-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Novel antigen delivery systems are currently being developed by genetic manipulation of the MHC class II trafficking pathway. Specific targeting of endogenously synthesized antigens to the class II loading compartment can result in massively enhanced presentation of peptide epitopes. This emerging technology holds promise for a variety of clinical applications including vaccine development, cancer therapies and control of autoimmune diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 546-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01717-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21918704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01765-5
William R Heath
{"title":"Thymocyte differentiation: a new way of thinking","authors":"William R Heath","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01765-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01765-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Page 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01765-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21920012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01725-4
Eva E Prieschl , Thomas Baumruker
Recently, evidence has accumulated to show that sphingolipids exert an important function in signaling. These lipids serve as intracellular second messengers and as extracellular mediators. Furthermore, glycosylated sphingolipids are essential components of membrane rafts, which serve as platforms for the initiation of signaling cascades. Here, Eva Prieschl and Thomas Baumruker summarize current findings in leukocytes illustrating these different facets.
{"title":"Sphingolipids: second messengers, mediators and raft constituents in signaling","authors":"Eva E Prieschl , Thomas Baumruker","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01725-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01725-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, evidence has accumulated to show that sphingolipids exert an important function in signaling. These lipids serve as intracellular second messengers and as extracellular mediators. Furthermore, glycosylated sphingolipids are essential components of membrane rafts, which serve as platforms for the initiation of signaling cascades. Here, Eva Prieschl and Thomas Baumruker summarize current findings in leukocytes illustrating these different facets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73346,"journal":{"name":"Immunology today","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 555-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01725-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21918706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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