A common dogma has been that norepinephrine (NE) suppresses lymphocyte function. However, recent studies have challenged this dogma, showing that NE also enhances immune cell readiness during infection and immune challenge.
A common dogma has been that norepinephrine (NE) suppresses lymphocyte function. However, recent studies have challenged this dogma, showing that NE also enhances immune cell readiness during infection and immune challenge.
The diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the immune response during infectious disease were discussed at a recent meeting*. Research in this area should provide novel therapeutic strategies for enhancing immunoprotective host responses or controlling deleterious parasite-elicited immunopathology.
To trigger an effective immune response, lymphocytes must proliferate. In addition to their direct involvement in cell-cycle progression, cell-cycle regulators might thus control immune functions. Recent evidence suggests that these regulators are essential for T-cell function; we argue that their study will provide clues for dissecting anergy and tolerance mechanisms, as well as for intervention in autoimmune diseases.
The proposed roles of NK1.1+ T (NKT) cells in immune responses range from suppression of autoimmunity to tumor rejection. Heterogeneity of these cells contributes to the controversy surrounding their development and function. This review aims to provide an update on NKT cell biology and, whenever possible, to compare what is known about NKT-cell subsets.
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