Pub Date : 2013-07-29DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055422
Rainer Busch, Alexander Unger, R. McMahon, Christian May, Y. Wang
A major premise of this paper is that any kind of ‘etic’ approach towards global leadership only partially explains contemporary leadership in China. Rather an ‘emic’ perspective has to be complemented. This study deals with the leadership behaviour of Chinese managers. Unfamiliar with the Chinese culture and their ways of doing business foreign managers will encounter differences. The objectives are to examine the fundamentals of Chinese culture with respect to leadership, identify the most popular leadership mechanisms and outline basic business implications. A questionnaire was designed for testing which leadership style can be identified in China.
{"title":"Cultural based Chinese leadership styles in a globalised market","authors":"Rainer Busch, Alexander Unger, R. McMahon, Christian May, Y. Wang","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055422","url":null,"abstract":"A major premise of this paper is that any kind of ‘etic’ approach towards global leadership only partially explains contemporary leadership in China. Rather an ‘emic’ perspective has to be complemented. This study deals with the leadership behaviour of Chinese managers. Unfamiliar with the Chinese culture and their ways of doing business foreign managers will encounter differences. The objectives are to examine the fundamentals of Chinese culture with respect to leadership, identify the most popular leadership mechanisms and outline basic business implications. A questionnaire was designed for testing which leadership style can be identified in China.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"3 1","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-29DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055421
Yichen Liao, Cuini Deng
More and more Chinese internet users utilise virtual communities to share information and opinions. They are called publishers sometimes. They are active participators – ask or answer questions, provide information and share their opinions in virtual communities. They create information and gradually become the opinion leader of the virtual communities. In fact, their behaviours can protect a brand or destroy a brand. What motivations drive them to be positive in virtual communities? Through two-step investigation, this study indicates that emotion experience value, self-achievement value and social recognition value are the main drivers for them. This study implies that companies should provide relevant motivations for publishers to protect companies’ brands.
{"title":"Why people participate actively in virtual communities","authors":"Yichen Liao, Cuini Deng","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055421","url":null,"abstract":"More and more Chinese internet users utilise virtual communities to share information and opinions. They are called publishers sometimes. They are active participators – ask or answer questions, provide information and share their opinions in virtual communities. They create information and gradually become the opinion leader of the virtual communities. In fact, their behaviours can protect a brand or destroy a brand. What motivations drive them to be positive in virtual communities? Through two-step investigation, this study indicates that emotion experience value, self-achievement value and social recognition value are the main drivers for them. This study implies that companies should provide relevant motivations for publishers to protect companies’ brands.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"1 1","pages":"242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66716968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-29DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055440
Ping Lan
Among all management toolkits originated from China, I Ching may be the least known one to the Western world, due to its polar opposite to conventional Western management philosophy and methodology. Based on analysing the working mechanism and its functionality in providing an unbounded ‘result-process-advice’ set for dealing with uncertainty, this paper focuses on the linkage of the I Ching idea and modern management philosophy and tactics. It examines the differences and similarities of the two ways in areas such as theory, method, perspective on change, solution formulation and tactics deployment. It argues that the both toolkits are useful in dealing with changes. While going with the Western routine, having some ideas outside the causal link enables managers to better prepare for uncertainty. While going with the I Ching routine, having a causal link to fill the vagueness of different unrelated situations will make more sense.
{"title":"A change management toolkit originated from China","authors":"Ping Lan","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055440","url":null,"abstract":"Among all management toolkits originated from China, I Ching may be the least known one to the Western world, due to its polar opposite to conventional Western management philosophy and methodology. Based on analysing the working mechanism and its functionality in providing an unbounded ‘result-process-advice’ set for dealing with uncertainty, this paper focuses on the linkage of the I Ching idea and modern management philosophy and tactics. It examines the differences and similarities of the two ways in areas such as theory, method, perspective on change, solution formulation and tactics deployment. It argues that the both toolkits are useful in dealing with changes. While going with the Western routine, having some ideas outside the causal link enables managers to better prepare for uncertainty. While going with the I Ching routine, having a causal link to fill the vagueness of different unrelated situations will make more sense.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"3 1","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-28DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046035
E. V. Tuijl, J. Borg
Inspired by work on the creative class and creative cities, cities in Europe and Northern America have started to invest in creativity in general and in design in particular. Much less is known about the role of creativity in emerging economies. This paper analyses the role of design in the socio economic development of Beijing. We identify main success factors and barriers for design businesses and show how design can be used for socio economic development. Backed up by state investments and fast decision making, neighbourhoods have been revitalised and modern iconic landmarks are added to the collection of old monuments. Moreover, priority has changed from ‘Made in China’ to ‘Created in China’, allowing the country’s industries to move upwards in the value chain. Nevertheless, and despite of the presence of key research institutes, further developments of the design sector and the use of design in other sectors are major challenges laying ahead.
{"title":"Designing the dragon or does the dragon design? An analysis of the impact of creative industries on urban development of Beijing","authors":"E. V. Tuijl, J. Borg","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046035","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by work on the creative class and creative cities, cities in Europe and Northern America have started to invest in creativity in general and in design in particular. Much less is known about the role of creativity in emerging economies. This paper analyses the role of design in the socio economic development of Beijing. We identify main success factors and barriers for design businesses and show how design can be used for socio economic development. Backed up by state investments and fast decision making, neighbourhoods have been revitalised and modern iconic landmarks are added to the collection of old monuments. Moreover, priority has changed from ‘Made in China’ to ‘Created in China’, allowing the country’s industries to move upwards in the value chain. Nevertheless, and despite of the presence of key research institutes, further developments of the design sector and the use of design in other sectors are major challenges laying ahead.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"21 1","pages":"125-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-28DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046031
Satyanarayana Parayitam, B. Olson, Yongjian Bao
This study investigates (a) the effects of cognitive diversity on agreement seeking behaviour and relationship conflict, and (b) effects of agreement-seeking behaviour and relationship conflict on decision quality. Using structured survey instrument, this paper gathered data from 252 senior executives from mainland China and analysed the data using the regression techniques to test the hypotheses. The results support that cognitive diversity is positively related to relationship conflict and negatively related to agreement-seeking behaviour. The results also support the hypotheses that agreement-seeking behaviour is positively related to decision quality and relationship conflict is negatively related to decision quality. Though the study is related to Chinese executives, the findings from the study that cognitive diversity enhances interpersonal conflict and discourages agreement-seeking behaviour contribute to the strategic decision-making literature.
{"title":"Effects of cognitive diversity on relationship conflict, agreement-seeking behaviour and decision quality: a study of Chinese management teams","authors":"Satyanarayana Parayitam, B. Olson, Yongjian Bao","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046031","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates (a) the effects of cognitive diversity on agreement seeking behaviour and relationship conflict, and (b) effects of agreement-seeking behaviour and relationship conflict on decision quality. Using structured survey instrument, this paper gathered data from 252 senior executives from mainland China and analysed the data using the regression techniques to test the hypotheses. The results support that cognitive diversity is positively related to relationship conflict and negatively related to agreement-seeking behaviour. The results also support the hypotheses that agreement-seeking behaviour is positively related to decision quality and relationship conflict is negatively related to decision quality. Though the study is related to Chinese executives, the findings from the study that cognitive diversity enhances interpersonal conflict and discourages agreement-seeking behaviour contribute to the strategic decision-making literature.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"3 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66716763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-28DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046034
J. Menzies, A. McDonnell
Past research and anecdotal evidence suggests that talent management issues faced by Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are quite severe. This paper explores the issues Australian MNEs face in attracting, developing and retaining key human talent in their Chinese operations. Utilising an exploratory, qualitative approach involving 20 semi-structured interviews with senior level managers in Australian MNEs, we find that coercive isomorphism in the Chinese regulatory context is a major influence on talent issues. More particularly, the study shows that Australian MNEs experience significant talent shortages, as a result of contextual conditions in the Chinese market. In addition, MNEs experience problems with retention of talent because other organisations, usually Western MNEs, are offering, amongst other things, more competitive salaries.
{"title":"Talent in China: exploring the issues faced by Australian multinational enterprises","authors":"J. Menzies, A. McDonnell","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046034","url":null,"abstract":"Past research and anecdotal evidence suggests that talent management issues faced by Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are quite severe. This paper explores the issues Australian MNEs face in attracting, developing and retaining key human talent in their Chinese operations. Utilising an exploratory, qualitative approach involving 20 semi-structured interviews with senior level managers in Australian MNEs, we find that coercive isomorphism in the Chinese regulatory context is a major influence on talent issues. More particularly, the study shows that Australian MNEs experience significant talent shortages, as a result of contextual conditions in the Chinese market. In addition, MNEs experience problems with retention of talent because other organisations, usually Western MNEs, are offering, amongst other things, more competitive salaries.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"3 1","pages":"107-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-28DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046036
Wei Song, David D. Schein
The purpose of this study is to explore the Chinese own brand strategy in the grocery sector by applying two competitive advantage theories. The theories are Porter’s Generic Strategies model and Hunt’s Resource-Advantage theory. Three sets of Chinese own brand strategies are reviewed. A preferred Chinese own brand strategy combining cost leadership and differentiation simultaneously is identified. A qualitative methodology is utilised to examine some of the many facets of own brand development in China. The main data for this study are drawn from semi-structured interviews and selected store observations in Shanghai, China. The implications, limitations and directions of the study are discussed.
{"title":"An exploratory study of Chinese own brand strategy in the grocery sector","authors":"Wei Song, David D. Schein","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046036","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to explore the Chinese own brand strategy in the grocery sector by applying two competitive advantage theories. The theories are Porter’s Generic Strategies model and Hunt’s Resource-Advantage theory. Three sets of Chinese own brand strategies are reviewed. A preferred Chinese own brand strategy combining cost leadership and differentiation simultaneously is identified. A qualitative methodology is utilised to examine some of the many facets of own brand development in China. The main data for this study are drawn from semi-structured interviews and selected store observations in Shanghai, China. The implications, limitations and directions of the study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"3 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-28DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046032
S. Jessen
Although the project approach seems to have successfully reached every corner of the world with its goal-directed, result-oriented ambition, its influence varies. In some cultures, this approach fits extremely well in the sense that its combined effort to fulfil business desires and master limits to given resources meshes well with fast-tracking, result-focused thinking. In other cultures, different project values may be equally important such as building knowledge, achieving personal ambitions and supporting effective team processes. This paper explores some of these differences through an explorative study of how the project approach is received and used in a Western culture such as Norway and an Eastern culture such as China. The data gathering was done through a questionnaire built on the European Quality Award Model. The main conclusion reached is that the project approach has a clear and positive impact in both cultures in almost all areas studied. In some areas, however, opinions differed, thus all...
{"title":"Project management ‘East’ and ‘West’: findings and reflections","authors":"S. Jessen","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046032","url":null,"abstract":"Although the project approach seems to have successfully reached every corner of the world with its goal-directed, result-oriented ambition, its influence varies. In some cultures, this approach fits extremely well in the sense that its combined effort to fulfil business desires and master limits to given resources meshes well with fast-tracking, result-focused thinking. In other cultures, different project values may be equally important such as building knowledge, achieving personal ambitions and supporting effective team processes. This paper explores some of these differences through an explorative study of how the project approach is received and used in a Western culture such as Norway and an Eastern culture such as China. The data gathering was done through a questionnaire built on the European Quality Award Model. The main conclusion reached is that the project approach has a clear and positive impact in both cultures in almost all areas studied. In some areas, however, opinions differed, thus all...","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"3 1","pages":"188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046037
Jakob Arnoldi, Joy Yueyue Zhang
This paper draws on stem cell research and financial derivatives as two case studies to analyse the role of scientific knowledge and technology in the development of the Chinese knowledge economy. The findings suggest that, despite China's recent commitments in acquiring international expertise, there is a decoupling between knowledge acquisitions and applications in the institutionalisation of knowledge within these sectors. Scientific-based knowledge and professional know-how are on the one hand perceived as prime drivers of China's development, yet they on the other hand remain subordinate to existing administrative infrastructures. The paper further elucidates the causes and implications of this by describing the dual reality of knowledge in relation to an isomorphic process of rationalisation outlined by new institutional organisational theory.
{"title":"The dual reality of the Chinese knowledge economy.","authors":"Jakob Arnoldi, Joy Yueyue Zhang","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046037","DOIUrl":"10.1504/IJCCM.2012.046037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper draws on stem cell research and financial derivatives as two case studies to analyse the role of scientific knowledge and technology in the development of the Chinese knowledge economy. The findings suggest that, despite China's recent commitments in acquiring international expertise, there is a decoupling between knowledge acquisitions and applications in the institutionalisation of knowledge within these sectors. Scientific-based knowledge and professional know-how are on the one hand perceived as prime drivers of China's development, yet they on the other hand remain subordinate to existing administrative infrastructures. The paper further elucidates the causes and implications of this by describing the dual reality of knowledge in relation to an isomorphic process of rationalisation outlined by new institutional organisational theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3885860/pdf/emss-54007.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9752759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-30DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2010.033736
Ram Herstein, M. Zwilling, Eugene D. Jaffe
This study investigates the differences in implementing the five stages of the marketing concept by Chinese agricultural businesses with the aim to internationally brand their products. Interviews were held with 13 Chinese CEOs and marketing managers from different product groups. The results show a negative picture of Chinese organisations that attempt to implement the marketing concept. Of the five stages of the concept, only the fifth stage – controlling the marketing programme – was implemented in a positive way (by 77% of the organisations surveyed). This pioneering study provides useful knowledge for any agri-business firm in China and in other emerging country firms in order to improve their international marketing and branding capabilities.
{"title":"Opportunities and pitfalls of Chinese agricultural businesses to become international brands","authors":"Ram Herstein, M. Zwilling, Eugene D. Jaffe","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2010.033736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2010.033736","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the differences in implementing the five stages of the marketing concept by Chinese agricultural businesses with the aim to internationally brand their products. Interviews were held with 13 Chinese CEOs and marketing managers from different product groups. The results show a negative picture of Chinese organisations that attempt to implement the marketing concept. Of the five stages of the concept, only the fifth stage – controlling the marketing programme – was implemented in a positive way (by 77% of the organisations surveyed). This pioneering study provides useful knowledge for any agri-business firm in China and in other emerging country firms in order to improve their international marketing and branding capabilities.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":"3 1","pages":"52-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2010.033736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66716678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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