Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2017.10003394
Song Yang, Jihong Wu, Runtian Jing
Using a unique dataset consisting of 343 supervisor-subordinate pairs from various workplaces in China, this study investigates workers' organisational commitment in Chinese organisations. We juxtapose two lines of arguments on gender composition and work experiences for supervisors and subordinates: Rosabeth Kanter's tokenism theory, and a collection of fruitful studies on leadership and gender. Our results support the tokenism theory: women working under female supervisors not only have the lowest levels of organisational commitment, but the difference between their organisational commitment and that of either men or women working under male supervisors is statistically significant. We attempt to account for such new findings with unique Chinese culture and institutional characteristics.
{"title":"Tokenism in Chinese work organisations? Subordinate-supervisor gender combination and worker's organisational commitment in China","authors":"Song Yang, Jihong Wu, Runtian Jing","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2017.10003394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2017.10003394","url":null,"abstract":"Using a unique dataset consisting of 343 supervisor-subordinate pairs from various workplaces in China, this study investigates workers' organisational commitment in Chinese organisations. We juxtapose two lines of arguments on gender composition and work experiences for supervisors and subordinates: Rosabeth Kanter's tokenism theory, and a collection of fruitful studies on leadership and gender. Our results support the tokenism theory: women working under female supervisors not only have the lowest levels of organisational commitment, but the difference between their organisational commitment and that of either men or women working under male supervisors is statistically significant. We attempt to account for such new findings with unique Chinese culture and institutional characteristics.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47573921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-08DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2015.070356
David S. Waller, K. Fam
During the Cultural Revolution both advertising and various forms of religion were banned, while since the 1970s the opening up of the Chinese market has seen an increase in international organisations advertising and the officially atheist government recognising that religion as an important element in peoples' lives. This paper looks at the results of a survey of 603 people (497 Atheists and 106 Buddhists) to determine their level offence towards nudity and underwear images in advertising, and ways to reduce the offensiveness. The results will assist companies in becoming more responsible for the images that they show in China.
{"title":"Attitudes towards sexual images in Chinese advertisements by religion","authors":"David S. Waller, K. Fam","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2015.070356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2015.070356","url":null,"abstract":"During the Cultural Revolution both advertising and various forms of religion were banned, while since the 1970s the opening up of the Chinese market has seen an increase in international organisations advertising and the officially atheist government recognising that religion as an important element in peoples' lives. This paper looks at the results of a survey of 603 people (497 Atheists and 106 Buddhists) to determine their level offence towards nudity and underwear images in advertising, and ways to reduce the offensiveness. The results will assist companies in becoming more responsible for the images that they show in China.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2015.070356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-08DOI: 10.1504/ijccm.2015.070332
Xiaomin Zhao, Ping Lan
Chinese State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have been in the spotlight of studies on modern China. Many scholars label the SOEs as low-productivity monopolies with little innovation. After more than 30 years of reform, does the situation remain the same? By measuring the recent new product development in Chinese SOEs and non-SOEs, this paper reveals a comparatively large innovation gap: the quantity and the quality of new products generated from each SOE are higher than those of non-SOEs, although there is no big difference between SOEs and non-SOEs in terms of the total output of new product innovation. It also finds that the gap varies among industries with different degrees of market competition and government intervention. Furthermore, it discovers an inverted 'U'-shaped contribution curve of the SOEs, i.e. SOEs are particularly effective in promoting an industry's innovation, if the number of SOEs accounts for 15-30% in the industry.
{"title":"Are Chinese state-owned enterprises lagging behind in product innovation?","authors":"Xiaomin Zhao, Ping Lan","doi":"10.1504/ijccm.2015.070332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijccm.2015.070332","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have been in the spotlight of studies on modern China. Many scholars label the SOEs as low-productivity monopolies with little innovation. After more than 30 years of reform, does the situation remain the same? By measuring the recent new product development in Chinese SOEs and non-SOEs, this paper reveals a comparatively large innovation gap: the quantity and the quality of new products generated from each SOE are higher than those of non-SOEs, although there is no big difference between SOEs and non-SOEs in terms of the total output of new product innovation. It also finds that the gap varies among industries with different degrees of market competition and government intervention. Furthermore, it discovers an inverted 'U'-shaped contribution curve of the SOEs, i.e. SOEs are particularly effective in promoting an industry's innovation, if the number of SOEs accounts for 15-30% in the industry.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijccm.2015.070332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-08DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2015.070341
Jiahua Zhou
This paper takes all of the Chinese listed companies as a sample to study the relationship between CEO power and the firm's financial performance in different size firm groups. This research shows significant evidence that show CEO power is highly related to a firm's Returns of Assets (ROA). These findings suggest that the CEO is one of a firm's main value drivers and corporate governance should take the responsibility not only to protect shareholder interest but also to secure the CEO's prerogative and let him or her have enough power to make strategic decisions. The CEO with enough power can help a firm avoid short-sighted management activities and achieve sustainable development. This research aligns with some related research. CEOs with high power could add motivations to influence the stock price. Regression analyses illustrate that this arbitrage exists in the bear market; this result means CEOs with higher power have more influence when facing market challenges and help investors keep confidence.
{"title":"CEO power, financial performance and arbitrage opportunity: evidence from Chinese capital market","authors":"Jiahua Zhou","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2015.070341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2015.070341","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes all of the Chinese listed companies as a sample to study the relationship between CEO power and the firm's financial performance in different size firm groups. This research shows significant evidence that show CEO power is highly related to a firm's Returns of Assets (ROA). These findings suggest that the CEO is one of a firm's main value drivers and corporate governance should take the responsibility not only to protect shareholder interest but also to secure the CEO's prerogative and let him or her have enough power to make strategic decisions. The CEO with enough power can help a firm avoid short-sighted management activities and achieve sustainable development. This research aligns with some related research. CEOs with high power could add motivations to influence the stock price. Regression analyses illustrate that this arbitrage exists in the bear market; this result means CEOs with higher power have more influence when facing market challenges and help investors keep confidence.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2015.070341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-08DOI: 10.1504/ijccm.2015.070355
Martin Sposato
The growth of China as an economic power house capable of challenging Western economic domination has become a reality in recent years, causing both research pertaining to the area and Chinese management to grow within academia. Yet, as these areas have expanded, so too have the numerous approaches towards the topics. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of those approaches and to ultimately provide a guide for improved theory and academic research in this area of international business management. There are two main trends in research methodology within the context of management in China: a 'theory of Chinese management' and a 'Chinese management theory'. These theories are described and their prominence is highlighted through a critical review of the literature. Ultimately, the paper argues for the correct contextualisation of the case and inclusion of emic elements regardless of the approach towards research.
{"title":"Methodological approaches to research in China","authors":"Martin Sposato","doi":"10.1504/ijccm.2015.070355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijccm.2015.070355","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of China as an economic power house capable of challenging Western economic domination has become a reality in recent years, causing both research pertaining to the area and Chinese management to grow within academia. Yet, as these areas have expanded, so too have the numerous approaches towards the topics. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of those approaches and to ultimately provide a guide for improved theory and academic research in this area of international business management. There are two main trends in research methodology within the context of management in China: a 'theory of Chinese management' and a 'Chinese management theory'. These theories are described and their prominence is highlighted through a critical review of the literature. Ultimately, the paper argues for the correct contextualisation of the case and inclusion of emic elements regardless of the approach towards research.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijccm.2015.070355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-08DOI: 10.1504/ijccm.2015.070329
K. Tan, Randong Yuan, Sangiita Wei Cher Yoong
China's economic power has grown quickly and has achieved impressive growth record over the last few decades. But this growth has also given rise to serious tradeoffs especially widening the problem of regional imbalances within the country. In this light, this paper uses the Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) competitiveness index to examine the competitiveness of the 34 Greater China economies. The results of our competitiveness analysis as well as the subsequent policy simulations highlight high regional variability with a distinct pattern of high competitiveness in the eastern provinces while the western provinces are yet to catch up. The ladder-step process of development still has inadequacies in terms of competitiveness spread and more attention needs to be paid to this aspect of development.
{"title":"Assessing competitiveness and development strategies in 34 Greater China economies","authors":"K. Tan, Randong Yuan, Sangiita Wei Cher Yoong","doi":"10.1504/ijccm.2015.070329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijccm.2015.070329","url":null,"abstract":"China's economic power has grown quickly and has achieved impressive growth record over the last few decades. But this growth has also given rise to serious tradeoffs especially widening the problem of regional imbalances within the country. In this light, this paper uses the Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) competitiveness index to examine the competitiveness of the 34 Greater China economies. The results of our competitiveness analysis as well as the subsequent policy simulations highlight high regional variability with a distinct pattern of high competitiveness in the eastern provinces while the western provinces are yet to catch up. The ladder-step process of development still has inadequacies in terms of competitiveness spread and more attention needs to be paid to this aspect of development.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijccm.2015.070329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-29DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055419
Daewoo Park, Hema A. Krishnan, Ravi Chinta, Margaret Cunningham, Mina Lee
Corporations increasingly pursue avenues for employing the manufacturing prowess of China and managing strategic alliance and supply networks with Chinese partners. While most studies addressing global cooperative strategies such as strategic alliances and supply networks analyse organisational and industrial characteristics, few theories incorporate explanations for cross-cultural differences between US and Chinese supply chain assessment practices. Without analyses of individual differences among executives in different cultures, theories on managerial decision-making in global cooperative strategies remain incomplete. This study is an attempt to better understand Chinese executives supply chain assessment practices.
{"title":"Understanding Chinese suppliers: dragon vs. eagle","authors":"Daewoo Park, Hema A. Krishnan, Ravi Chinta, Margaret Cunningham, Mina Lee","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055419","url":null,"abstract":"Corporations increasingly pursue avenues for employing the manufacturing prowess of China and managing strategic alliance and supply networks with Chinese partners. While most studies addressing global cooperative strategies such as strategic alliances and supply networks analyse organisational and industrial characteristics, few theories incorporate explanations for cross-cultural differences between US and Chinese supply chain assessment practices. Without analyses of individual differences among executives in different cultures, theories on managerial decision-making in global cooperative strategies remain incomplete. This study is an attempt to better understand Chinese executives supply chain assessment practices.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-29DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055420
Vittoria Marino, Giada Mainolfi
The study examines the relation between stereotypes linked to country-of-origin and consumer assessment relative to foreign product supply systems. Evolving trends in terms of the impact of country-of-origin demands an in-depth analysis that highlights and enhances its multidimensional nature. The research conceptualises from an innovative perspective, the underlying dynamics of country reputation in order to analyse its structure and system. Reputation represents an interpretative criterion underpinning the influence exerted by country-of-origin on foreign consumer’s decision-making processes. A field study to verify the relations existing between Italy, country-of-origin, and China as target country, tested the model proposed.
{"title":"Country reputation and attitudes towards made in Italy products: a study on Chinese consumers","authors":"Vittoria Marino, Giada Mainolfi","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055420","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the relation between stereotypes linked to country-of-origin and consumer assessment relative to foreign product supply systems. Evolving trends in terms of the impact of country-of-origin demands an in-depth analysis that highlights and enhances its multidimensional nature. The research conceptualises from an innovative perspective, the underlying dynamics of country reputation in order to analyse its structure and system. Reputation represents an interpretative criterion underpinning the influence exerted by country-of-origin on foreign consumer’s decision-making processes. A field study to verify the relations existing between Italy, country-of-origin, and China as target country, tested the model proposed.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-29DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055447
Yin-ying Cai, Zhong Li, Jian Wang
This paper attempts to describe a phenomenon of cultural conflict arising from new institutional arrangements that are devised to obtain a better economic growth by investigating the effects of China’s policy of ‘family planning’. We find that the policy of ‘family planning’ as an institutional arrangement conflicts with China’s fertility culture. Although many draconian measures have been used to limit births under the policy of ‘family planning’, the influences of China’s fertility culture still remain. It can help to understand the relationship among institutional arrangement, economic growth and cultural conflict.
{"title":"Institutional arrangement, economic growth and cultural conflict: an investigation on the policy of ‘family planning’ in China","authors":"Yin-ying Cai, Zhong Li, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055447","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to describe a phenomenon of cultural conflict arising from new institutional arrangements that are devised to obtain a better economic growth by investigating the effects of China’s policy of ‘family planning’. We find that the policy of ‘family planning’ as an institutional arrangement conflicts with China’s fertility culture. Although many draconian measures have been used to limit births under the policy of ‘family planning’, the influences of China’s fertility culture still remain. It can help to understand the relationship among institutional arrangement, economic growth and cultural conflict.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-29DOI: 10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055439
Ishfaq Ahmed, W. Ismail, S. M. Amin
This research endeavour is aimed to judge direct and indirect effects of individual guanxi network on job involvement and finally impact of job involvement on in-role performance. Questionnaire was used as tool for data collection, 300 questionnaires were distributed to Malaysian–Chinese hotel employees at two points of time. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from eastern part of Malaysia. Findings of the study confine that individual guanxi network significantly contributes to social exchange relations (perceived organisational support – POS and leadermember exchange – LMX), and job involvement. Guanxi network is having both direct and indirect effect (through mediation of POS and LMX) on job involvement. It validates the Blau social exchange theory. Testing mediation effects of LMX between guanxi network and social exchange relation (POS) is the main contribution of the study. Limitations, practical implication and future directions are also discussed.
{"title":"Individual guanxi network and social exchange relations: an evidence from Malaysian hotel industry","authors":"Ishfaq Ahmed, W. Ismail, S. M. Amin","doi":"10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055439","url":null,"abstract":"This research endeavour is aimed to judge direct and indirect effects of individual guanxi network on job involvement and finally impact of job involvement on in-role performance. Questionnaire was used as tool for data collection, 300 questionnaires were distributed to Malaysian–Chinese hotel employees at two points of time. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from eastern part of Malaysia. Findings of the study confine that individual guanxi network significantly contributes to social exchange relations (perceived organisational support – POS and leadermember exchange – LMX), and job involvement. Guanxi network is having both direct and indirect effect (through mediation of POS and LMX) on job involvement. It validates the Blau social exchange theory. Testing mediation effects of LMX between guanxi network and social exchange relation (POS) is the main contribution of the study. Limitations, practical implication and future directions are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":73431,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Chinese culture and management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJCCM.2013.055439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66717121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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