Background: One of the leading cause of death in Thailand is coronary artery disease (CAD). There are several studies that demonstrated a significant correlation between diagonal earlobe creases (DELC) or Frank’s sign and CAD, but data in Thai populations still remains unclear. Because of Frank’s sign is easily to observe by health-care professional including medical students, so it was very interesting to use to identify risk of atherosclerosis of the patients in hospital which has limitation of resources. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of Frank’s sign and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy in CAD among the angina chest pain patients at Lampang Hospital. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, observational, study. Three hundred and nine patients with angina chest pain who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and followed up at the coronary clinic at Lampang Hospital were enrolled in the study. Both ears of the patients were inspected for Frank’s sign. The accuracy of Frank’s sign was confirmed by three cardiologists and clinical data was collected in medical record form. We excluded the patients whose earlobe could not be clearly observed, including those with keloid/ulcer on the earlobe or those with no earlobe. The correlation of Frank’s sign and CAD were analyzed by using logistic regression and receiving operative curve (ROC) curve. Results: 64.4% of the angina chest pain patients (N=199) have demonstrated for Frank’s sign, unilateral Frank’s sign in 12.3% (N=38) and bilateral Frank’s sign in 52.1% (N=161). Twenty-one patients (6.8%) were normal CAG and 288 patients (93.2%) were significant CAD, single vessel disease CAD (N=86), double vessel disease CAD (N=83) and triple vessel disease CAD (N=119). The diagnostic accuracy of the Frank’s sign revealed that 64.6% for the sensitivity and 38.1% for the specificity. Besides, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.935 and for negative predictive value (NPV) showed 0.073. Nevertheless, the positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 1.032 and 0.947 for the negative likelihood ratio (LR-). Moreover, the area under the curve (AuROC) of Frank’s sign with respect to detection of CAD was 0.513 (95% Confidence Interval was 0.385-0.642, P= 0.838). Conclusion: Frank’s sign was observed in two-third of angina chest pain patients at Lampang Hospital and mostly of the patients with Frank’s sign were significant CAD. The results of this study showed that Frank’s sign was a simple, non-expensive and non-invasive method for medical student and health-care professional to identify risk of CAD.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Frank’s Sign and the Diagnostic Accuracy in Coronary Artery Disease Among Chest Pain Patients at Lampang Hospital, Thailand","authors":"Kanjanaporn Thammasaranggoon, Narawish Khanthamoon, Pitsinee Sangphet, Aookrit Pattamapornpong, Yotsawee Chotechuang, Maytinee Srisubin, S. Ninwaranon, Jakkrawal Huntrakul","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1760","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the leading cause of death in Thailand is coronary artery disease (CAD). There are several studies that demonstrated a significant correlation between diagonal earlobe creases (DELC) or Frank’s sign and CAD, but data in Thai populations still remains unclear. Because of Frank’s sign is easily to observe by health-care professional including medical students, so it was very interesting to use to identify risk of atherosclerosis of the patients in hospital which has limitation of resources. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of Frank’s sign and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy in CAD among the angina chest pain patients at Lampang Hospital.\u0000Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, observational, study. Three hundred and nine patients with angina chest pain who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and followed up at the coronary clinic at Lampang Hospital were enrolled in the study. Both ears of the patients were inspected for Frank’s sign. The accuracy of Frank’s sign was confirmed by three cardiologists and clinical data was collected in medical record form. We excluded the patients whose earlobe could not be clearly observed, including those with keloid/ulcer on the earlobe or those with no earlobe. The correlation of Frank’s sign and CAD were analyzed by using logistic regression and receiving operative curve (ROC) curve. \u0000Results: 64.4% of the angina chest pain patients (N=199) have demonstrated for Frank’s sign, unilateral Frank’s sign in 12.3% (N=38) and bilateral Frank’s sign in 52.1% (N=161). Twenty-one patients (6.8%) were normal CAG and 288 patients (93.2%) were significant CAD, single vessel disease CAD (N=86), double vessel disease CAD (N=83) and triple vessel disease CAD (N=119). The diagnostic accuracy of the Frank’s sign revealed that 64.6% for the sensitivity and 38.1% for the specificity. Besides, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.935 and for negative predictive value (NPV) showed 0.073. Nevertheless, the positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 1.032 and 0.947 for the negative likelihood ratio (LR-). Moreover, the area under the curve (AuROC) of Frank’s sign with respect to detection of CAD was 0.513 (95% Confidence Interval was 0.385-0.642, P= 0.838).\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Frank’s sign was observed in two-third of angina chest pain patients at Lampang Hospital and mostly of the patients with Frank’s sign were significant CAD. The results of this study showed that Frank’s sign was a simple, non-expensive and non-invasive method for medical student and health-care professional to identify risk of CAD.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84322266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Anemia is a major nutritional health problem in India. It poses a significant threat to health due to a decrease in oxygen availability to the body. This predisposes the anemic individual to an increased risk of heart problems, stroke, motor or cognitive developmental delays, infections, and other disturbances. Some studies found a correlation between anemia and low IQ scores while others found no such correlation. The authors decided to perform this study to determine whether such a correlation exists in adolescents, a group that is susceptible to anemia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 28 school-going adolescents of an urban area in the age group of 12-15 years, selected by simple random sampling. Individuals with a prior diagnosis of a medical or psychiatric condition were excluded. After obtaining permission from school authorities, ethics committee approval, parental consent, and assent, participants were interviewed using pro forma. Hemoglobin estimation was done by using hemoglobin strips. Cognitive status examination was performed by using Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – Revised, and Mini-Mental State Examination. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2010. Results: 89% of the study population was anemic and 11% was non-anemic. The mean IQ score was 92.4; the mean ACE-R score was 84.2; the mean MMSE score was 26.6. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the data; tests were done at a 5% significance level. The IQ score +/- standard deviation (SD) in the anemic group was 83.96 +/- 7.74. This score did not reveal any statistically significant difference from the non-anemic group’s IQ score (p = 0.76). The ACE-R score +/- standard deviation (SD) in the anemic group was 84.04 +/- 7.84. This score did not reveal any statistically significant difference from the non-anemic group’s ACE-R score (p = 0.70). The MMSE score +/- standard deviation (SD) in the anemic group was 26.48 +/- 1.66. This score did not reveal any statistically significant difference from the non-anemic group’s MMSE score (p = 0.125). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the average IQ, MMSE, and ACE-R scores are lower in the anemic group than in the non-anemic group. However, no statistically significant correlation between hemoglobin level and cognitive function was found in this study. Key Words: Anemia, Intelligence, Cognition, Adolescent (Source: MeSH-NLM). Figure or Table: Comparison of cognitive status examination scores in anemic and normal groups Parameter Group Mean Standard Deviation (S.D.) Standard Error of Mean p-value by unpaired t-test MMSE Score Anemic 26.48 1.66 0.332 0.125 Normal 27.67 1.53 0.883 Intelligence Quotient Anemic 87.22 5.97 1.19 0.76 Normal 93.02 4.93 2.85 ACE-R Score
{"title":"Effects of Anemia on Cognitive Ability in School-going Adolescents in an Urban Area in India","authors":"Devyani V. Pattebahadur, D. Patil","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1754","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000Anemia is a major nutritional health problem in India. It poses a significant threat to health due to a decrease in oxygen availability to the body. This predisposes the anemic individual to an increased risk of heart problems, stroke, motor or cognitive developmental delays, infections, and other disturbances. Some studies found a correlation between anemia and low IQ scores while others found no such correlation. The authors decided to perform this study to determine whether such a correlation exists in adolescents, a group that is susceptible to anemia. \u0000 \u0000Methods: \u0000This was a cross-sectional study involving 28 school-going adolescents of an urban area in the age group of 12-15 years, selected by simple random sampling. Individuals with a prior diagnosis of a medical or psychiatric condition were excluded. After obtaining permission from school authorities, ethics committee approval, parental consent, and assent, participants were interviewed using pro forma. Hemoglobin estimation was done by using hemoglobin strips. Cognitive status examination was performed by using Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – Revised, and Mini-Mental State Examination. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2010. \u0000 \u0000Results: \u000089% of the study population was anemic and 11% was non-anemic. The mean IQ score was 92.4; the mean ACE-R score was 84.2; the mean MMSE score was 26.6. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the data; tests were done at a 5% significance level. The IQ score +/- standard deviation (SD) in the anemic group was 83.96 +/- 7.74. This score did not reveal any statistically significant difference from the non-anemic group’s IQ score (p = 0.76). The ACE-R score +/- standard deviation (SD) in the anemic group was 84.04 +/- 7.84. This score did not reveal any statistically significant difference from the non-anemic group’s ACE-R score (p = 0.70). The MMSE score +/- standard deviation (SD) in the anemic group was 26.48 +/- 1.66. This score did not reveal any statistically significant difference from the non-anemic group’s MMSE score (p = 0.125). \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: \u0000The findings suggest that the average IQ, MMSE, and ACE-R scores are lower in the anemic group than in the non-anemic group. However, no statistically significant correlation between hemoglobin level and cognitive function was found in this study. \u0000 \u0000Key Words: Anemia, Intelligence, Cognition, Adolescent (Source: MeSH-NLM). \u0000 \u0000Figure or Table: \u0000 \u0000Comparison of cognitive status examination scores in anemic and normal groups \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Parameter \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Group \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Mean \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Standard Deviation (S.D.) \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Standard Error of Mean \u0000 \u0000 \u0000p-value by unpaired t-test \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000MMSE Score \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Anemic \u0000 \u0000 \u000026.48 \u0000 \u0000 \u00001.66 \u0000 \u0000 \u00000.332 \u0000 \u0000 \u00000.125 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Normal \u0000 \u0000 \u000027.67 \u0000 \u0000 \u00001.53 \u0000 \u0000 \u00000.883 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Intelligence Quotient \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Anemic \u0000 \u0000 \u000087.22 \u0000 \u0000 \u00005.97 \u0000 \u0000 \u00001.19 \u0000 \u0000 \u00000.76 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Normal \u0000 \u0000 \u000093.02 \u0000 \u0000 \u00004.93 \u0000 \u0000 \u00002.85 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000ACE-R Score","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87141462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sodiq O. Lawal, Abdulafeez I. Muhammad, Opeyemi A. Muili, T. O. Ojo
Background: Filling Station Attendants are exposed to hazards in their workplaces, which could be physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological, mechanical, or psychosocial. The study aimed to assess the work practices and health problems among filling station attendants in Ile-Ife. Methods: This study was conducted in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. There are 218 filling stations in Ile Ife. The total sampling method was used for selection and a sample size of 200 was obtained. Data was collected via Interviewer administered questionnaires with sections assessing sociodemographic characteristics, work practices, occupational hazards, and health problems using close-ended questions. An observational Checklist assessing the safety measures put in place by the management was also obtained. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and a p-value of 0.05 was found to be statistically significant. Results: Majority of the filling station attendants (74%) were not aware of workplace safety practices. Of those that were aware, 78% were aware of PPE while the commonest available PPE was working clothes (36%). One hundred and twelve attendants (56%) indicated that the PPEs available for them were not adequate. Concerning training, about 62.5% had prior safety training of which only 66% and 56% of them could use fire extinguishers and spill kits respectively. Regarding occupational hazards,74.5% of the attendants were aware of the various hazards, the commonest being fire outbreak (69.5). The commonest work-related problem was musculoskeletal disorders (60.5%) while the least common was gastro-intestinal tract problems (8%). There was a significant association between age, working durations of the respondents, and skin problems with p-values of 0.021 and 0.035 respectively. There was also a significant association between BMI and respiratory problems with a p-value of 0.029. Conclusion: This study assessed work practices and health problems among filling station attendants. There was poor availability of PPE, inadequate use of PPE as well as poor work safety practices among filling station attendants. Regarding health problems, neurological and eye problems were found to be the commonest among filling station attendants in Ile Ife. There were also significant associations between some sociodemographic characteristics and some health problems such as age and skin problems, working duration and skin problems, BMI, and respiratory problems.
背景:加油站服务员在工作场所暴露于危险之中，这些危险可能是物理的、化学的、人体工程学的、生物的、机械的或心理社会的。本研究旨在评估伊莱伊岛加油站服务员的工作习惯及健康问题。方法:本研究采用描述性横断面研究设计，在尼日利亚奥孙州的Ile Ife进行。伊莱夫岛有218个加油站。采用全抽样方法进行选择，样本量为200。数据通过采访者管理的问卷收集，其中包括评估社会人口特征、工作实践、职业危害和使用封闭式问题的健康问题的部分。还获得了一份评估管理部门采取的安全措施的观察性检查表。使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)软件对数据进行分析，p值0.05具有统计学意义。结果:大多数加油站服务员(74%)不了解工作场所的安全措施。在了解PPE的人中，78%的人了解PPE，而最常见的PPE是工作服(36%)。112名与会人员(56%)表示，可供他们使用的ppe不够。在培训方面，约62.5%的人接受过安全培训，其中只有66%的人会使用灭火器，56%的人会使用泄漏包。关于职业危害，74.5%的服务人员知道各种危害，最常见的是火灾(69.5%)。最常见的工作问题是肌肉骨骼疾病(60.5%)，而最不常见的是胃肠道问题(8%)。被调查者的年龄、工作时间和皮肤问题之间存在显著的关联，p值分别为0.021和0.035。BMI和呼吸系统疾病之间也有显著的关联，p值为0.029。结论:本研究评估了加油站服务人员的工作方式和健康问题。个人防护装备的可得性差，个人防护装备的使用不足，以及加油站工作人员的工作安全做法差。关于健康问题，发现在Ile Ife加油站工作人员中最常见的是神经和眼睛问题。一些社会人口特征与一些健康问题，如年龄和皮肤问题、工作时间和皮肤问题、身体质量指数和呼吸问题之间也存在显著关联。
{"title":"Assessment of Work Practices and Health Problems Among Filling Station Attendants in Ile Ife","authors":"Sodiq O. Lawal, Abdulafeez I. Muhammad, Opeyemi A. Muili, T. O. Ojo","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1835","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Filling Station Attendants are exposed to hazards in their workplaces, which could be physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological, mechanical, or psychosocial. The study aimed to assess the work practices and health problems among filling station attendants in Ile-Ife.\u0000Methods: This study was conducted in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. There are 218 filling stations in Ile Ife. The total sampling method was used for selection and a sample size of 200 was obtained. Data was collected via Interviewer administered questionnaires with sections assessing sociodemographic characteristics, work practices, occupational hazards, and health problems using close-ended questions. An observational Checklist assessing the safety measures put in place by the management was also obtained. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and a p-value of 0.05 was found to be statistically significant.\u0000Results: Majority of the filling station attendants (74%) were not aware of workplace safety practices. Of those that were aware, 78% were aware of PPE while the commonest available PPE was working clothes (36%). One hundred and twelve attendants (56%) indicated that the PPEs available for them were not adequate. Concerning training, about 62.5% had prior safety training of which only 66% and 56% of them could use fire extinguishers and spill kits respectively. Regarding occupational hazards,74.5% of the attendants were aware of the various hazards, the commonest being fire outbreak (69.5). The commonest work-related problem was musculoskeletal disorders (60.5%) while the least common was gastro-intestinal tract problems (8%). There was a significant association between age, working durations of the respondents, and skin problems with p-values of 0.021 and 0.035 respectively. There was also a significant association between BMI and respiratory problems with a p-value of 0.029.\u0000 Conclusion: This study assessed work practices and health problems among filling station attendants. There was poor availability of PPE, inadequate use of PPE as well as poor work safety practices among filling station attendants. Regarding health problems, neurological and eye problems were found to be the commonest among filling station attendants in Ile Ife. There were also significant associations between some sociodemographic characteristics and some health problems such as age and skin problems, working duration and skin problems, BMI, and respiratory problems.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90254711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mumtaz, M. Rahat, Mehwish Javed, Nadia Zohair, S. Qayyum
Objective: As a way to examine how medical & dental students adhere to different dimensions of well-being within the framework of physical, emotional and spiritual well-being, Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study of Riphah International University's 300 medical & dental students from each gender was done from January to December 2010. Predictive Analysis Software (PASW) version 18 assessed the replies ranging from "no," "sometimes," "usually," and "yes/always" (numbered 0-4). Results: The study population consisted of 287 out of the 300 questionnaires, or 95.7% of the total. A total of 103 men (35.89 percent) and 184 women (64.11 percent) participated in the poll. P values of 0.0159 and 0.0240 show that illness and athletic participation have an effect on physical well-being based on gender. Mood swings and family friends had p values of 0.0059 and 0.00, respectively, in relation to emotional well-being. P values of 0.0024 and 0.0116 show that prayer and spiritual fasting have an effect on spiritual well-being. It is clear that spiritual wellbeing is distinct from emotional and bodily wellness, as shown by Tukey's simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 858). Conclusion: As part of their basic curriculum, medical students should be taught stress and time management methods in order to better handle the stress and demands of practicing medicine. Colleges and institutions need to increase and enhance their research on gender bias in health and wellness.
{"title":"Medical & Dental Students' Perceptions of Health and Well-Being","authors":"H. Mumtaz, M. Rahat, Mehwish Javed, Nadia Zohair, S. Qayyum","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1747","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: As a way to examine how medical & dental students adhere to different dimensions of well-being within the framework of physical, emotional and spiritual well-being,\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study of Riphah International University's 300 medical & dental students from each gender was done from January to December 2010. Predictive Analysis Software (PASW) version 18 assessed the replies ranging from \"no,\" \"sometimes,\" \"usually,\" and \"yes/always\" (numbered 0-4).\u0000Results: The study population consisted of 287 out of the 300 questionnaires, or 95.7% of the total. A total of 103 men (35.89 percent) and 184 women (64.11 percent) participated in the poll. P values of 0.0159 and 0.0240 show that illness and athletic participation have an effect on physical well-being based on gender. Mood swings and family friends had p values of 0.0059 and 0.00, respectively, in relation to emotional well-being. P values of 0.0024 and 0.0116 show that prayer and spiritual fasting have an effect on spiritual well-being. It is clear that spiritual wellbeing is distinct from emotional and bodily wellness, as shown by Tukey's simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 858).\u0000Conclusion: As part of their basic curriculum, medical students should be taught stress and time management methods in order to better handle the stress and demands of practicing medicine. Colleges and institutions need to increase and enhance their research on gender bias in health and wellness.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76202377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Shah, Cesare Mercalli, Adnan Mujanović, V. Kipkorir, Ciara Egan, Arkadeep Dhali, Camila Velandia, M. Găman, J. Puyana, F. Bonilla-Escobar
{"title":"Role of Medical Students in Disseminating Scientific Knowledge - The First IJMS WCMSR","authors":"P. Shah, Cesare Mercalli, Adnan Mujanović, V. Kipkorir, Ciara Egan, Arkadeep Dhali, Camila Velandia, M. Găman, J. Puyana, F. Bonilla-Escobar","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"754 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77518297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Undergraduate research has many demonstrated benefits like enhancement of student’s critical thinking, understanding of research process, and soft skills development, yet so many challenges are facing medical students with availability of time being the most cited among many undergraduates. The aim of this study was to assess the undergraduates research experience in terms of benefits, barriers and mentorship from students perspectives. Methods This study used a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach. The quantitative part was observational, analytical cross-sectional study design with census sampling and 900 participants from 3 batches. The qualitative part constructed in 6 focus group discussions with thematic analysis. The data were collected using standardized pre-validated questionnaire for the quantitative data, and structured questions for the qualitative data. Statistical analysis for the quantitative data was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) ® version No. 26, while qualitative data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 9 software. Results From 950 census of the three batches, 900 student filled the questionnaire with 94.7% response rate. The mean age of the participants was 24.7, with 69 % females. After finishing their research only 7.7% published their work (65.3% journal, 16.7% conferences presentations). The highest gains reported from this experience were understanding the research process in the medical field, learning to work independently, and ability to read and understand primary literature, while the lowest were learning laboratory techniques, clarification of career path, and confidence in their potential to be science teachers. Themes generated from the qualitative data regarding undergraduate research benefits were: 1. Research knowledge, 2. Soft skills and 3. Scientific/Academic paradigm. The three most reported barriers were research knowledge and skills (44.4%), mentorship (24.4%), and time management (21.7%). When assessing mentorship, 28.9% indicated that their supervisor was about average “He was very good, He wasn't always available, but when available he tries to give us everything he can, generally he was so nice” group3, participant4, 15.8% said he/she is outstanding as a teacher and mentor “she was so supportive (supportive as a supervisor, teacher and even as a mom), she was trying to get the best out of us “ group1, participant1. We investigated the association between students evaluation of their supervisors and their evaluation of the overall research experience, these two variables were moderately correlated (r=.31 , P = .000). Also there is a significant positive correlation between supervisor`s evaluation and students tendency to choose another research experience as undergraduates (r= .2 , P= .000). Nevertheless, Supervisor`s evaluation also correlate with the overall benefits from the research experience (r= .2 , P =.000). Conclusion Undergraduate re
本科研究在增强学生的批判性思维、理解研究过程和培养软技能等方面有很多好处，但医科学生面临着许多挑战，时间的可用性是许多本科生最常提到的。摘要本研究旨在从学生的角度，评估大学生科研经历的利益、障碍和指导。方法采用定量与定性相结合的方法。定量部分采用观察性、分析性横断面研究设计，采用人口普查抽样，分3批共900名参与者。定性部分由6个焦点小组讨论和专题分析构成。定量数据采用标准化预验证问卷，定性数据采用结构化问题。定量数据采用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)®version No. 26进行统计分析，定性数据采用ATLAS进行统计分析。Ti 9软件。结果在三批950人的调查中，共有900名学生填写了问卷，回复率为94.7%。参与者的平均年龄为24.7岁，其中69%为女性。在完成研究后，只有7.7%的人发表了他们的研究成果(65.3%的期刊，16.7%的会议报告)。从这一经历中获得的最大收益是理解医学领域的研究过程，学会独立工作，以及阅读和理解主要文献的能力，而最低收益是学习实验室技术，澄清职业道路，以及对自己成为科学教师的潜力的信心。从本科生研究收益的定性数据中产生的主题是:1。2.研究知识;3.软技能;科学/学术范式。报告的三个最大障碍是研究知识和技能(44.4%)，指导(24.4%)和时间管理(21.7%)。在评估师友关系时，28.9%的人表示他们的导师表现一般，“他很好，他不是总是有空，但当他有空的时候，他会尽他所能给我们，总的来说他很好”，15.8%的人认为他/她作为老师和导师是杰出的，“她非常支持(作为导师，老师甚至作为母亲)，她试图让我们发挥出最好的一面”，组1，参与者1。我们调查了学生对导师的评价与他们对整体研究经验的评价之间的关系，这两个变量是中度相关的(r=)。31, p = .000)。导师的评价与学生选择其他研究经历的倾向之间也存在显著的正相关(r= 0.2, P= .000)。然而，导师的评价也与研究经验的总体效益相关(r= 0.2, P =.000)。结论本科研究经历有很多公认的好处，但学生在进行医学研究时也遇到了很多挑战。这些挑战需要妥善处理，以最大限度地提高成果。然而，师徒关系是一个决定性的特征，它可以决定本科生整个研究经历的结果，这需要进一步关注这一因素。
{"title":"Assessment of Undergraduate Research Experience in Term of Benefits, Barriers and Mentorship from Student's Perspectives: A Mixed Quantitative-Qualitative Method","authors":"Hayat Abdoallah Ahmed","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1749","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Undergraduate research has many demonstrated benefits like enhancement of student’s critical thinking, understanding of research process, and soft skills development, yet so many challenges are facing medical students with availability of time being the most cited among many undergraduates. The aim of this study was to assess the undergraduates research experience in terms of benefits, barriers and mentorship from students perspectives. \u0000Methods \u0000This study used a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach. The quantitative part was observational, analytical cross-sectional study design with census sampling and 900 participants from 3 batches. The qualitative part constructed in 6 focus group discussions with thematic analysis. The data were collected using standardized pre-validated questionnaire for the quantitative data, and structured questions for the qualitative data. Statistical analysis for the quantitative data was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) ® version No. 26, while qualitative data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 9 software. \u0000Results \u0000From 950 census of the three batches, 900 student filled the questionnaire with 94.7% response rate. The mean age of the participants was 24.7, with 69 % females. After finishing their research only 7.7% published their work (65.3% journal, 16.7% conferences presentations). The highest gains reported from this experience were understanding the research process in the medical field, learning to work independently, and ability to read and understand primary literature, while the lowest were learning laboratory techniques, clarification of career path, and confidence in their potential to be science teachers. Themes generated from the qualitative data regarding undergraduate research benefits were: 1. Research knowledge, 2. Soft skills and 3. Scientific/Academic paradigm. The three most reported barriers were research knowledge and skills (44.4%), mentorship (24.4%), and time management (21.7%). \u0000When assessing mentorship, 28.9% indicated that their supervisor was about average “He was very good, He wasn't always available, but when available he tries to give us everything he can, generally he was so nice” group3, participant4, 15.8% said he/she is outstanding as a teacher and mentor “she was so supportive (supportive as a supervisor, teacher and even as a mom), she was trying to get the best out of us “ group1, participant1. We investigated the association between students evaluation of their supervisors and their evaluation of the overall research experience, these two variables were moderately correlated (r=.31 , P = .000). Also there is a significant positive correlation between supervisor`s evaluation and students tendency to choose another research experience as undergraduates (r= .2 , P= .000). Nevertheless, Supervisor`s evaluation also correlate with the overall benefits from the research experience (r= .2 , P =.000). \u0000Conclusion \u0000Undergraduate re","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86333507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diogo P. Simões, Matheus Moreira Perez, Beatriz da C. Aguiar Alves, J. F. Araújo Encinas, Joyce R. Santos Raimundo, Catherine G. Costas Arcia, Vanessa Lopes Mathia, Maria I. Sacchi Mendonça, L. B. Mesiano Maifrino, N. Murad, F. L. Affonso Fonseca, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a disorder affecting glomerular function that, histologically, is due to the presence of glomerulosclerosis accompanied with endothelial dysfunction of the afferent and efferent renal arterioles. Insulin resistance in diabetic patients is known to be one of the causes of endothelial dysfunction because it increases oxidative stress, and one of the main genes regulating the production pathways of reactive oxygen species is p66Shc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the p66Shc gene expression as a precocious biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients, using liquids samples of urine sediment and peripheral blood. Methods: 29 diabetic patients and 37 healthy donors were recruited from the Centro Universitário FMABC outpatient clinic. The RT-gPCR technique was applied to evaluate p66Shc gene expression in urine and peripheral blood samples from diabetic patients, which were compared with healthy donors. Results: There was no significant expression of p66Shc gene in samples from diabetic patients compared with healthy donors. However, p66Shc expression in the blood samples of diabetics (0.02417±0.078652-ΔCT, n=29) was 3.6 times higher than in healthy participants (0.00689±0.01758, n=37) while in the urine samples, it was 1.48 times higher in diabetics group (0.02761±0.05412-ΔCT) than in CTL group (0.0186±0.02199). Conclusion: There was no significant p66Shc gene expression in peripheral blood and urine samples of diabetic patients without kidney injury compared with healthy donors, although there is a tendency for this gene to participate in the oxidative imbalance present in diabetes.
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of p66Shc Gene Expression in Liquid Biopsy of Diabetic Patients. Is it Possible to Predict the Onset of Renal Disease?","authors":"Diogo P. Simões, Matheus Moreira Perez, Beatriz da C. Aguiar Alves, J. F. Araújo Encinas, Joyce R. Santos Raimundo, Catherine G. Costas Arcia, Vanessa Lopes Mathia, Maria I. Sacchi Mendonça, L. B. Mesiano Maifrino, N. Murad, F. L. Affonso Fonseca, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a disorder affecting glomerular function that, histologically, is due to the presence of glomerulosclerosis accompanied with endothelial dysfunction of the afferent and efferent renal arterioles. Insulin resistance in diabetic patients is known to be one of the causes of endothelial dysfunction because it increases oxidative stress, and one of the main genes regulating the production pathways of reactive oxygen species is p66Shc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the p66Shc gene expression as a precocious biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients, using liquids samples of urine sediment and peripheral blood.\u0000Methods: 29 diabetic patients and 37 healthy donors were recruited from the Centro Universitário FMABC outpatient clinic. The RT-gPCR technique was applied to evaluate p66Shc gene expression in urine and peripheral blood samples from diabetic patients, which were compared with healthy donors.\u0000Results: There was no significant expression of p66Shc gene in samples from diabetic patients compared with healthy donors. However, p66Shc expression in the blood samples of diabetics (0.02417±0.078652-ΔCT, n=29) was 3.6 times higher than in healthy participants (0.00689±0.01758, n=37) while in the urine samples, it was 1.48 times higher in diabetics group (0.02761±0.05412-ΔCT) than in CTL group (0.0186±0.02199).\u0000Conclusion: There was no significant p66Shc gene expression in peripheral blood and urine samples of diabetic patients without kidney injury compared with healthy donors, although there is a tendency for this gene to participate in the oxidative imbalance present in diabetes.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86007625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gregory E. Erhabor, Lilia Zakhama, Paul Yonga, Mohammad Sahar Yassien, James Tumwine, Abdelmadjid Snouber, Siaka Sidibé, Arash Rashidian, Friday Okonofua, David Ofori-Adjei, Fhumulani Mavis Mulaudzi, Joy Muhia, Bob Mash, James Kigera, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, Abraham Haileamlak, Aiah A. Gbakima, Chris Zielinski
{"title":"COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent Action Needed for Africa and the World","authors":"Gregory E. Erhabor, Lilia Zakhama, Paul Yonga, Mohammad Sahar Yassien, James Tumwine, Abdelmadjid Snouber, Siaka Sidibé, Arash Rashidian, Friday Okonofua, David Ofori-Adjei, Fhumulani Mavis Mulaudzi, Joy Muhia, Bob Mash, James Kigera, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, Abraham Haileamlak, Aiah A. Gbakima, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danna Sofía Salazar Bermúdez, María Fernanda Bocanegra Valencia, Humberto Alejandro Nati Castillo, J. E. Gómez Marín
Background: Toxoplasmosis has a more severe manifestation in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Up to 15% of immunocompetent individuals who have acquired the infection may be asymptomatic, however in others the symptoms may be confused with another infection and cause more severe manifestations such as ocular toxoplasmosis which is the most common cause of chorioretinitis and can lead to retinal necrosis. Considering that the clinical characteristics of lymphadenopathy-related toxoplasmosis in Colombia have not been reported despite its high frequency, it is essential to define its clinical presentation. Objective: The objective was to describe a series of cases, their evolution, clinical characteristics and response to treatment of lymphadenopathy due to toxoplasmosis in a first level health care institution in Armenia, Colombia. Methods: 106 medical records with a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis-associated lymphadenopathy were reviewed from 2006 to 2022 at the Universidad del Quindío health center. Cases that met the following criteria were included: Presence of lymphadenopathies accompanied or not by fever and positive IgM or IgG anti-Toxoplasma test. Clinical presentation, accompanying symptoms and laboratory tests were analyzed. In the patients who had follow-up, the response to treatment was analyzed. Results: Of 106 cases, 100 met the selection criteria, 59% male, 30% adolescent. Coinfections occurred in 3% with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and 2% Cytomegalovirus. The location was predominately of cervical adenopathies (83%). The main associated symptom was fever with 37%. The main treatment received was Pyrimethamine/Sulfadoxine with 37% having an adequate response. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of the infection should guide us to consider the possible presence of lymph node toxoplasmosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment prevent severity and complications in our environment such as ocular involvement which greatly impacts the quality of life of the population.
{"title":"Toxoplasmosis-Associated Lymphadenopathy: Description of a Series of Cases in a Reference Center","authors":"Danna Sofía Salazar Bermúdez, María Fernanda Bocanegra Valencia, Humberto Alejandro Nati Castillo, J. E. Gómez Marín","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1847","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis has a more severe manifestation in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Up to 15% of immunocompetent individuals who have acquired the infection may be asymptomatic, however in others the symptoms may be confused with another infection and cause more severe manifestations such as ocular toxoplasmosis which is the most common cause of chorioretinitis and can lead to retinal necrosis. Considering that the clinical characteristics of lymphadenopathy-related toxoplasmosis in Colombia have not been reported despite its high frequency, it is essential to define its clinical presentation.\u0000Objective: The objective was to describe a series of cases, their evolution, clinical characteristics and response to treatment of lymphadenopathy due to toxoplasmosis in a first level health care institution in Armenia, Colombia.\u0000Methods: 106 medical records with a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis-associated lymphadenopathy were reviewed from 2006 to 2022 at the Universidad del Quindío health center. Cases that met the following criteria were included: Presence of lymphadenopathies accompanied or not by fever and positive IgM or IgG anti-Toxoplasma test. Clinical presentation, accompanying symptoms and laboratory tests were analyzed. In the patients who had follow-up, the response to treatment was analyzed.\u0000Results: Of 106 cases, 100 met the selection criteria, 59% male, 30% adolescent. Coinfections occurred in 3% with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and 2% Cytomegalovirus. The location was predominately of cervical adenopathies (83%). The main associated symptom was fever with 37%. The main treatment received was Pyrimethamine/Sulfadoxine with 37% having an adequate response.\u0000Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of the infection should guide us to consider the possible presence of lymph node toxoplasmosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment prevent severity and complications in our environment such as ocular involvement which greatly impacts the quality of life of the population.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89282815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Breast cancer has a wide array of risk factors, and its confounding reproductive aetiologies have been paramount in defining the predictive ability of the disease. Similarly, a strong link between qualitative dermatoglyphic patterns and predisposition to breast cancer has been well documented through genetic linkage. Therefore, this study aimed to discern the affiliation between the aforementioned risk factors of breast cancer. Methods The study was carried out in 3 groups of 90 age-matched individuals of - breast cancer patients, high-risk individuals and healthy individuals. A detailed reproductive history was taken including factors such as age at menarche, menstrual regularity, age at menopause (if attained), breastfeeding, obstetric parameters and age at first live birth. Qualitative dermatoglyphics were procured through the standardised ink and paper method to get a remarkable rolled fingerprint. The variations in gynaecological and obstetric parameters and qualitative dermatoglyphic patterns were studied and their significance was computed using the chi-square test on InStat software where p values < 0.05 were considered significant with a 95% confidence interval. Results Highly significant values (p<0.0001) were found in all gynaecological and obstetric parameters where a higher frequency of whorls in breast cancer patients, arches in high-risk individuals and an equivalent frequency of arches and whorls were predisposed to healthy individuals. Limitations Although this study might have identified certain predominating patterns with higher frequency, the consistency might vary from place to place due to differing dermatoglyphics according to ethnicity. A small number of patients receiving chemotherapy experienced - chemotherapy-induced adermatoglyphia - where the loss of fingerprints or very faint fingerprints was difficult to perceive. These patients were not included in the study to ensure maximum efficacy in interpreting the dermatoglyphics. Conclusion Previous attempts failed to link dermatoglyphic indices and reproductive parameters, this study found a significant correlation between the variables in the three distinct groups. Most breast cancer patients are diagnosed late with a majority presenting to doctors in advanced stages where survival rates are marginal, so by this method, we can get a simple, practical, non-invasive and easily affordable screening technique for the above risk factors. This technique could also be employed for non-symptomatic women who might have a positive family history of breast cancer as a part of risk assessment for early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, paving way for further research into the prognostic abilities of gynaecological parameters through qualitative dermatoglyphic indices.
{"title":"Association of Reproductive Parameters with Dermatoglyphics in Breast Cancer Patients, Healthy and High-Risk Individuals","authors":"Rahul Rangan, S. Shedge, S. Kakade","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1750","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Breast cancer has a wide array of risk factors, and its confounding reproductive aetiologies have been paramount in defining the predictive ability of the disease. Similarly, a strong link between qualitative dermatoglyphic patterns and predisposition to breast cancer has been well documented through genetic linkage. Therefore, this study aimed to discern the affiliation between the aforementioned risk factors of breast cancer. \u0000 \u0000Methods\u0000The study was carried out in 3 groups of 90 age-matched individuals of - breast cancer patients, high-risk individuals and healthy individuals. A detailed reproductive history was taken including factors such as age at menarche, menstrual regularity, age at menopause (if attained), breastfeeding, obstetric parameters and age at first live birth. Qualitative dermatoglyphics were procured through the standardised ink and paper method to get a remarkable rolled fingerprint. The variations in gynaecological and obstetric parameters and qualitative dermatoglyphic patterns were studied and their significance was computed using the chi-square test on InStat software where p values < 0.05 were considered significant with a 95% confidence interval.\u0000 \u0000Results\u0000Highly significant values (p<0.0001) were found in all gynaecological and obstetric parameters where a higher frequency of whorls in breast cancer patients, arches in high-risk individuals and an equivalent frequency of arches and whorls were predisposed to healthy individuals.\u0000 \u0000Limitations\u0000Although this study might have identified certain predominating patterns with higher frequency, the consistency might vary from place to place due to differing dermatoglyphics according to ethnicity. \u0000A small number of patients receiving chemotherapy experienced - chemotherapy-induced adermatoglyphia - where the loss of fingerprints or very faint fingerprints was difficult to perceive. These patients were not included in the study to ensure maximum efficacy in interpreting the dermatoglyphics.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion\u0000Previous attempts failed to link dermatoglyphic indices and reproductive parameters, this study found a significant correlation between the variables in the three distinct groups. Most breast cancer patients are diagnosed late with a majority presenting to doctors in advanced stages where survival rates are marginal, so by this method, we can get a simple, practical, non-invasive and easily affordable screening technique for the above risk factors. This technique could also be employed for non-symptomatic women who might have a positive family history of breast cancer as a part of risk assessment for early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, paving way for further research into the prognostic abilities of gynaecological parameters through qualitative dermatoglyphic indices.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85848205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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