{"title":"Abstracts of the Medical Academical Conference of Piauí (COMAPI) 2022","authors":"Executive Committee of IJMS","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1926","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134946815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Ortega-Moreno, Edgar Botello-Hernández, Rebeca Aguayo-Samaniego, P. García-Espinosa
Background: Nowadays the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on students around the world is not a secret; the loss of the status quo as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, changed the concept of everyday life. Medical students represent an important affected population in terms of loss of theorical, laboratory practices, as well as the much-needed exposure to patients, are factors that add to the baseline stress of being a college student and alienation from social groups. The present study sought to establish the impact on the emotional and social spheres of medical students, in addition to establishing risk factors, predictors or predisposing factors to present alterations in in the psychosocial elements of health. Methods Cross-sectional study performed in Mexican Medical Students; the sample size was found to be 366. An 82-item questionnaire was applied to assess 4 main axes; Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate prevalence of anxiety and depression, COVID-19 knowledge, perception, and social determinants were also evaluated. The study sample was divided into 2 groups to address a group with depression/anxiety and a group with no anxiety/depression. The possible presence of anxiety/depression was defined as a score ≥10 on both scales. 500 students were randomly chosen, were invited to participate, and voluntarily signing the informed consent. Students who did not complete all answers were excluded. Non-parametric quantitative variables were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U, qualitative variables with χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. Spearman’s correlation was also used, and a binary logistic regression was done to identify association. Results A total of 384 students were included with a mean age of 21 years. The majority, 236 students, were women (61.45%) and 154 (40.1%) belonged to the clinical semesters of the career (7th to 12th semester). 89.34% (343 students) stated that their main concern was that a family member became ill, the economy (71.51%), and massive reinfection (68.44%). A moderate to exaggerated increase in anxiety symptomatology before the start of the pandemic was reported in 61.19% (235 students), 75% (287 students) reported depressed mood symptoms. 320 students (83.33%) reported having been correctly informed; they were aware of COVID-19 symptomatology, use of protective personal equipment, and myths. We found that 43% (PHQ-) had depression and 24.5% anxiety (GAD-7); having depression increased the risk of presenting anxiety and vice-versa along with identifying themselves as a woman and having a diagnosis of a prior psychiatric disorder for both groups. Belonging to clinical semesters was found to be as a protective factor for both anxiety and depression. Conclusion The results indicate an increase in the depressive and anxiety symptomatology of the students, as well as concerns for their families and the economic situation. Academic institutions must
{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic. A Psychosocial Approach in Mexican Medical Students","authors":"Diego Ortega-Moreno, Edgar Botello-Hernández, Rebeca Aguayo-Samaniego, P. García-Espinosa","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1793","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nowadays the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on students around the world is not a secret; the loss of the status quo as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, changed the concept of everyday life. Medical students represent an important affected population in terms of loss of theorical, laboratory practices, as well as the much-needed exposure to patients, are factors that add to the baseline stress of being a college student and alienation from social groups. The present study sought to establish the impact on the emotional and social spheres of medical students, in addition to establishing risk factors, predictors or predisposing factors to present alterations in in the psychosocial elements of health.\u0000Methods\u0000Cross-sectional study performed in Mexican Medical Students; the sample size was found to be 366. An 82-item questionnaire was applied to assess 4 main axes; Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate prevalence of anxiety and depression, COVID-19 knowledge, perception, and social determinants were also evaluated. The study sample was divided into 2 groups to address a group with depression/anxiety and a group with no anxiety/depression. The possible presence of anxiety/depression was defined as a score ≥10 on both scales. 500 students were randomly chosen, were invited to participate, and voluntarily signing the informed consent. Students who did not complete all answers were excluded. Non-parametric quantitative variables were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U, qualitative variables with χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. Spearman’s correlation was also used, and a binary logistic regression was done to identify association.\u0000Results\u0000A total of 384 students were included with a mean age of 21 years. The majority, 236 students, were women (61.45%) and 154 (40.1%) belonged to the clinical semesters of the career (7th to 12th semester). 89.34% (343 students) stated that their main concern was that a family member became ill, the economy (71.51%), and massive reinfection (68.44%). A moderate to exaggerated increase in anxiety symptomatology before the start of the pandemic was reported in 61.19% (235 students), 75% (287 students) reported depressed mood symptoms. 320 students (83.33%) reported having been correctly informed; they were aware of COVID-19 symptomatology, use of protective personal equipment, and myths. We found that 43% (PHQ-) had depression and 24.5% anxiety (GAD-7); having depression increased the risk of presenting anxiety and vice-versa along with identifying themselves as a woman and having a diagnosis of a prior psychiatric disorder for both groups. Belonging to clinical semesters was found to be as a protective factor for both anxiety and depression.\u0000Conclusion\u0000The results indicate an increase in the depressive and anxiety symptomatology of the students, as well as concerns for their families and the economic situation. Academic institutions must","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74635708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: ECT has been used as an intervention for patients with treatment resistant depression, sever psychosis, catatonia, acute mania, certain types of schizophrenic syndromes, and suicidality. ECT is safe in all trimesters, whereas certain medications are only safe at certain times during pregnancy and can be associated with more severe side effects. ECT does not interfere with breastfeeding. Moreover, ECT use in pregnancy has not been shown to increase risk of labor and delivery complications or congenital anomalies, while untreated depression or pharmacotherapy for depression can do so. Case Presentation: We discuss three cases in which pregnant patients with psychiatric diagnoses of bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder receive ECT in combination with pharmacotherapy. ECT improved the symptoms of the patients in these cases, but only one of the three patients was discharged home with her baby. Conclusion: The women in these cases demonstrate that ECT can be a helpful treatment for psychosis and depression, especially in combination with pharmacotherapy. ECT is safe and effective for both the mother and the fetus. ECT should be considered alongside other mainstays of treatment with special consideration to possible pregnancy-related safety measures.
{"title":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Use in Pregnant Patients Case Report","authors":"Roxana Nouri-Nikbakht, Dr. Gwen Levitt","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1726","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ECT has been used as an intervention for patients with treatment resistant depression, sever psychosis, catatonia, acute mania, certain types of schizophrenic syndromes, and suicidality. ECT is safe in all trimesters, whereas certain medications are only safe at certain times during pregnancy and can be associated with more severe side effects. ECT does not interfere with breastfeeding. Moreover, ECT use in pregnancy has not been shown to increase risk of labor and delivery complications or congenital anomalies, while untreated depression or pharmacotherapy for depression can do so. \u0000Case Presentation: We discuss three cases in which pregnant patients with psychiatric diagnoses of bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder receive ECT in combination with pharmacotherapy. ECT improved the symptoms of the patients in these cases, but only one of the three patients was discharged home with her baby. \u0000Conclusion: The women in these cases demonstrate that ECT can be a helpful treatment for psychosis and depression, especially in combination with pharmacotherapy. ECT is safe and effective for both the mother and the fetus. ECT should be considered alongside other mainstays of treatment with special consideration to possible pregnancy-related safety measures.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75068600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khaity, K. Albakri, Ruaa E. Taha, Ahmed Mohammed Ali Yousif Abd Alla
Background: Peptic ulcer disease is a gastrointestinal disorder due to the imbalance between the defense mechanism and gastric acid secretion. It affects 5-10% of the population worldwide and induces eight million deaths every year globally. In Sudan, this disease represents one of the major health problems. Limited studies have shown the knowledge level of Sudanese about aggravating factors of Peptic ulcer disease, which lead to more prevalent complications. Therefore, this study aimed to assess awareness about aggravating factors of peptic ulcer disease among the population of Khartoum state, Sudan. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study targeted the general population in Khartoum state during the period from January to June 2022. We used an online survey form to collect data from the study population. The distribution of the questionnaire was done via social media tools. We analyzed the data using SPSS Software version 26. Results: The study included 398 participants, 40.7% of them male and 59.3% female, with mean age equal to 24.9 (SD=8.9), and a range between (18-64). Most of the participants (77.1%) were unmarried and (89.2%) were educated. The type of food was the most known risk factor (79.1%) and the weather changes were the least known risk factor (8.5%) that have effects on peptic ulcers. There also was a significant difference between educated and non-educated people based on the awareness of peptic ulcer risk factors, as the second was higher (p>0.000). Furthermore, people with peptic ulcers and people who have one or more members of their family with peptic ulcers scored more than nonpatients and those who did not have (p>0.000, p= 0.04; respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, awareness about aggravating factors of peptic ulcers was variable among the population in Khartoum state. Our study findings revealed a high knowledge effect of type of food, helicobacter pylori, analgesic medications, drinking coffee, smoking, and social stress of the majority population. As for other factors, weather changes, genetic factors, and body weight were associated with a poor level of awareness. Lastly, these results need to be affirmed by furthermore research with a large sample among the general population in different regions in Sudan.
{"title":"Knowledge and Awareness about Aggravating Factors of the Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"A. Khaity, K. Albakri, Ruaa E. Taha, Ahmed Mohammed Ali Yousif Abd Alla","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1813","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peptic ulcer disease is a gastrointestinal disorder due to the imbalance between the defense mechanism and gastric acid secretion. It affects 5-10% of the population worldwide and induces eight million deaths every year globally. In Sudan, this disease represents one of the major health problems. Limited studies have shown the knowledge level of Sudanese about aggravating factors of Peptic ulcer disease, which lead to more prevalent complications. Therefore, this study aimed to assess awareness about aggravating factors of peptic ulcer disease among the population of Khartoum state, Sudan.\u0000Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study targeted the general population in Khartoum state during the period from January to June 2022. We used an online survey form to collect data from the study population. The distribution of the questionnaire was done via social media tools. We analyzed the data using SPSS Software version 26.\u0000Results: The study included 398 participants, 40.7% of them male and 59.3% female, with mean age equal to 24.9 (SD=8.9), and a range between (18-64). Most of the participants (77.1%) were unmarried and (89.2%) were educated. The type of food was the most known risk factor (79.1%) and the weather changes were the least known risk factor (8.5%) that have effects on peptic ulcers. There also was a significant difference between educated and non-educated people based on the awareness of peptic ulcer risk factors, as the second was higher (p>0.000). Furthermore, people with peptic ulcers and people who have one or more members of their family with peptic ulcers scored more than nonpatients and those who did not have (p>0.000, p= 0.04; respectively).\u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, awareness about aggravating factors of peptic ulcers was variable among the population in Khartoum state. Our study findings revealed a high knowledge effect of type of food, helicobacter pylori, analgesic medications, drinking coffee, smoking, and social stress of the majority population. As for other factors, weather changes, genetic factors, and body weight were associated with a poor level of awareness. Lastly, these results need to be affirmed by furthermore research with a large sample among the general population in different regions in Sudan.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84871309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Olobatoke, Chibueze Nwanmah, Somtochukwu Ekwegbara, Temitayo Ayantayo, O. Owagbemi, S. Rasskazoff, O. Sulaiman
Background: Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most everyday neurosurgical conditions. Unfortunately, there is no defined gold standard technique in managing cSDH, as studies show mixed results with no consensus on the superiority of a particular method. This lack of uniformity in the treatment of cSDH makes the management choice dependent on the clinical symptomatology, surgeon’s preference, and recurrence after a prior intervention. Different management approaches are available, ranging from novel medical therapy, e.g., steroids, etizolam, tranexamic acid, angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEIs), to minimally invasive techniques, e.g., endovascular middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization and endoscopic treatment, to more invasive surgical approaches, e.g., twist drill craniostomy, burr hole craniostomy, and craniotomy. A component network meta-analysis by Jack et al. showed a 10.8% recurrence rate (95% CI 10.2-11.5) across 418 studies involving different management techniques. The use of a post-operative drain and MMA embolization reduced recurrence, while the risk of morbidity was equivalent across surgical treatments. We aim to present the multi-technique management approaches required to achieve clinical and radiological resolution in a cSDH patient. The Case: We report the clinical course and management of a 47-year-old male with no history of trauma who presented with sudden onset of severe headaches and brain computed tomography scan finding of bilateral cSDH. He required multiple treatment techniques, starting with bilateral twist drill craniostomies and Jackson-Pratt drain insertion with the resolution of the right collection and recurrence of the left collection. He further required the placement of two left burr hole craniostomies for drainage. However, the collection recurred. He then proceeded to have a left middle meningeal artery embolization and a left craniotomy before a clinical and radiological resolution was achieved. Conclusion: The management of cSDH is still an art and not a cookbook. Familiarity of clinicians with multiple techniques and selection based on clinical judgment is essential for improved outcomes. Appropriate patient selection for the right technique will depend on accumulating data from clinical practice and its analysis.
背景:慢性硬膜下血肿(cSDH)是最常见的神经外科疾病之一。不幸的是，在管理cSDH方面没有明确的黄金标准技术，因为研究显示了不同的结果，对特定方法的优越性没有达成共识。cSDH治疗缺乏统一性，使得治疗选择取决于临床症状、外科医生的偏好和先前干预后的复发。不同的治疗方法是可用的，从新的药物治疗，如类固醇、乙替唑仑、氨甲环酸、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEIs)，到微创技术，如血管内脑膜中动脉(MMA)栓塞和内窥镜治疗，再到更具侵入性的手术方法，如麻花钻开颅术、钻孔开颅术和开颅术。Jack等人的一项成分网络荟萃分析显示，在涉及不同管理技术的418项研究中，复发率为10.8% (95% CI 10.2-11.5)。术后引流管和MMA栓塞的使用减少了复发，而所有手术治疗的发病率风险相同。我们的目标是提出在cSDH患者中实现临床和放射解决所需的多技术管理方法。病例:我们报告一位47岁男性，无外伤史，突然出现严重头痛，脑部ct扫描发现双侧cSDH的临床过程和处理。他需要多种治疗技术，从双侧麻花钻开颅术和Jackson-Pratt引流术开始，解决右侧集合并复发左侧集合。他进一步要求放置两个左钻孔开颅引流。然而，收集再次发生。在临床和放射学解决之前，他进行了左脑膜中动脉栓塞和左开颅手术。结论:cSDH的管理仍然是一门艺术，而不是一本食谱。临床医生熟悉多种技术和基于临床判断的选择对改善结果至关重要。适当的患者选择正确的技术将取决于从临床实践及其分析中积累的数据。
{"title":"Multi-Technique Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in a Single Patient: A Case Report","authors":"T. Olobatoke, Chibueze Nwanmah, Somtochukwu Ekwegbara, Temitayo Ayantayo, O. Owagbemi, S. Rasskazoff, O. Sulaiman","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1787","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most everyday neurosurgical conditions. Unfortunately, there is no defined gold standard technique in managing cSDH, as studies show mixed results with no consensus on the superiority of a particular method. This lack of uniformity in the treatment of cSDH makes the management choice dependent on the clinical symptomatology, surgeon’s preference, and recurrence after a prior intervention. \u0000Different management approaches are available, ranging from novel medical therapy, e.g., steroids, etizolam, tranexamic acid, angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEIs), to minimally invasive techniques, e.g., endovascular middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization and endoscopic treatment, to more invasive surgical approaches, e.g., twist drill craniostomy, burr hole craniostomy, and craniotomy. \u0000A component network meta-analysis by Jack et al. showed a 10.8% recurrence rate (95% CI 10.2-11.5) across 418 studies involving different management techniques. The use of a post-operative drain and MMA embolization reduced recurrence, while the risk of morbidity was equivalent across surgical treatments. \u0000We aim to present the multi-technique management approaches required to achieve clinical and radiological resolution in a cSDH patient. \u0000The Case: We report the clinical course and management of a 47-year-old male with no history of trauma who presented with sudden onset of severe headaches and brain computed tomography scan finding of bilateral cSDH. He required multiple treatment techniques, starting with bilateral twist drill craniostomies and Jackson-Pratt drain insertion with the resolution of the right collection and recurrence of the left collection. He further required the placement of two left burr hole craniostomies for drainage. However, the collection recurred. He then proceeded to have a left middle meningeal artery embolization and a left craniotomy before a clinical and radiological resolution was achieved. \u0000Conclusion: The management of cSDH is still an art and not a cookbook. Familiarity of clinicians with multiple techniques and selection based on clinical judgment is essential for improved outcomes. Appropriate patient selection for the right technique will depend on accumulating data from clinical practice and its analysis.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86603914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayan Sarkar, G. Mawari, N. Kumar, M. Daga, M. Singh
Background: Contamination of freshwater sources can be caused by both anthropogenic and natural processes. WHO reported that 1.1 billion people worldwide consume contaminated water, and the majority of diarrheal diseases (88%) are caused by it. According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Maharashtra along with two other states contribute 80% of hazardous waste, including heavy metal pollution in India. Certain dissolved heavy metals are easily absorbed by aquatic organisms and can enter the body through drinking water, skin absorption, and biological chains, posing a health risk. Hence, the main objectives of the study were, (1) surface and groundwater quality assessment, (2) to determine the association of diseases/symptoms with different sources of drinking water used, and (3) urinary Mercury (Hg) and Arsenic (As) levels investigation in the study population. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the industrialized city of Solapur, Maharashtra, India. The study area was limited to 25 km around the industrial hub. A total of 557 people were randomly selected for the survey, with consumers from all four types of water sources i.e., surface, handpump, wells, and municipal water. Spot urine samples were collected for estimating Hg and As levels after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. People under treatment for tuberculosis, cancer, and chronic heart, lung, or kidney ailments were excluded. Also, pregnant and lactating women were not included. One surface water, one municipal water, and five handpump water samples were collected for evaluating water quality. Samples were analyzed for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Fluoride, Ammonia, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Manganese. Results: The water samples were observed to be neutral to slightly basic. TDS was between 410 to 1898 mg/L for groundwater whereas for surface water was 378 & 450 mg/L. F concentration ranged between 0.4 to 0.9 mg/L, Zn from 0.32 to 0.57 mg/L, and NH3 was found to be <0.1 mg/L. Out of 557 people, 43 (7.7%) used surface water, 194 (34.8%) used handpump, 64 (11.5%) used well, and 256 (46%) used municipal water. Among surface water users, 14 (32.5%) people reported frequent loose stools (p-value <0.05), and 11 (25.5%) people reported frequent abdominal pain. Handpump and well water users majorly reported frequent abdominal pain and gastric discomfort (p-value <0.05) respectively. 47 people were selected for estimating urinary Hg and As levels after considering exclusion and inclusion criteria. The mean value of urinary Hg & As are 4.91 ± 0.280 & 42.04 ± 2.635 µg/L respectively. Conclusion: In our study frequent loose stools, abdominal pain, and gastric discomfort were associated with the various sources of drinking water. Urine Hg levels were above the permissible reference value set by NHANES (USA) Survey. Additionally, it
{"title":"Evaluation of Water Quality, Urinary Mercury & Arsenic Investigation and Survey of Diseases Associated with Drinking Water Sources","authors":"Sayan Sarkar, G. Mawari, N. Kumar, M. Daga, M. Singh","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1730","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contamination of freshwater sources can be caused by both anthropogenic and natural processes. WHO reported that 1.1 billion people worldwide consume contaminated water, and the majority of diarrheal diseases (88%) are caused by it. According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Maharashtra along with two other states contribute 80% of hazardous waste, including heavy metal pollution in India. Certain dissolved heavy metals are easily absorbed by aquatic organisms and can enter the body through drinking water, skin absorption, and biological chains, posing a health risk. Hence, the main objectives of the study were, (1) surface and groundwater quality assessment, (2) to determine the association of diseases/symptoms with different sources of drinking water used, and (3) urinary Mercury (Hg) and Arsenic (As) levels investigation in the study population.\u0000Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the industrialized city of Solapur, Maharashtra, India. The study area was limited to 25 km around the industrial hub. A total of 557 people were randomly selected for the survey, with consumers from all four types of water sources i.e., surface, handpump, wells, and municipal water. Spot urine samples were collected for estimating Hg and As levels after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. People under treatment for tuberculosis, cancer, and chronic heart, lung, or kidney ailments were excluded. Also, pregnant and lactating women were not included. One surface water, one municipal water, and five handpump water samples were collected for evaluating water quality. Samples were analyzed for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Fluoride, Ammonia, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Manganese.\u0000Results: The water samples were observed to be neutral to slightly basic. TDS was between 410 to 1898 mg/L for groundwater whereas for surface water was 378 & 450 mg/L. F concentration ranged between 0.4 to 0.9 mg/L, Zn from 0.32 to 0.57 mg/L, and NH3 was found to be <0.1 mg/L.\u0000Out of 557 people, 43 (7.7%) used surface water, 194 (34.8%) used handpump, 64 (11.5%) used well, and 256 (46%) used municipal water. Among surface water users, 14 (32.5%) people reported frequent loose stools (p-value <0.05), and 11 (25.5%) people reported frequent abdominal pain. Handpump and well water users majorly reported frequent abdominal pain and gastric discomfort (p-value <0.05) respectively.\u000047 people were selected for estimating urinary Hg and As levels after considering exclusion and inclusion criteria. The mean value of urinary Hg & As are 4.91 ± 0.280 & 42.04 ± 2.635 µg/L respectively.\u0000 Conclusion: In our study frequent loose stools, abdominal pain, and gastric discomfort were associated with the various sources of drinking water. Urine Hg levels were above the permissible reference value set by NHANES (USA) Survey. Additionally, it","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87360136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, H. Bohsas, M. Amir Rais, S. Shoib, Anas Alali, M. Abdelnasser, Hadeel Fuad Alwan Alsharjabi, Bisher Sawaf
Background: An estimated 17.8 million lives were lost in 2017 due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), resulting in a total of 330 million years of life lost and an additional 35.6 million years of disability. Numerous studies have shown the importance of education and awareness in promoting positive and long-lasting behavioral changes. This study aims to assess Syrians' awareness of cardiovascular disease (CVD) warning symptoms and risk factors and investigate further into the variables that contribute to this awareness. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken online between August 1 and 25, 2022, to examine Syrian individuals' awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors and early warning signs. The study's questionnaire was constructed based on prior research, and the inclusion criteria for the sample were citizens of Syria over the age of 18 who currently reside in Syria. There were three categories of questions on the questionnaire: sociodemographics, an evaluation of CVD knowledge using both open- and closed-ended inquiries, and medical history and behavioral risk factors. Results: There were 1201 inquired participants; 728 (60.6%) were males, and 473 (39.5%) were females. Concerns about developing diabetes were reported by 45.8% (n=550), hypertension was feared by 54.0% (n=540), and 43.9% (n=572) of individuals, and heart disease was feared by 45.9% (n=572). The internet and social media platforms were the most common ways they learned about it. Closed-ended questions indicated that the majority of participants (n=1164, 94.9%) had recognized CVD risk factors, with smoking (95.2%), obesity (93.6%), cholesterol (91%), and hypertension (90.3%) being the most often reported risk factors. Close-ended questions regarding CVD warning indicators revealed that most participants (n=897, 74.7%) correctly identified the warning symptoms. However, in response to open-ended questions, most participants (n=478, 39.8%) did not identify CVD risk factors, as well only (n=291, 24.2%) did. In addition, open-ended questions concerning CVD warning signs indicated that more than half of the participants (n=680, 56.6%) had poor identification of the warning symptoms. The age group between 55 and 64 years had the greatest CVD risk factors, and education was related to greater knowledge of CVD risk factors (P-value<0.001). Males have a greater understanding of CVD risk factors than females, and married individuals have a greater understanding of CVD warning signals than those with other marital statuses. Country-dwelling individuals are less knowledgeable about CVD risk factors and warning symptoms than city-dwelling participants. Conclusion: According to our results, there is inadequate knowledge of the risk factors and warning signs of CVDs, which contribute to the development of this illness and result in life-threatening circumstances. Consequently, there is a larger need to raise CVD awareness and learning initiatives on the disease's risk fac
{"title":"Syrians' Awareness of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Warning Signs: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"S. Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, H. Bohsas, M. Amir Rais, S. Shoib, Anas Alali, M. Abdelnasser, Hadeel Fuad Alwan Alsharjabi, Bisher Sawaf","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1771","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An estimated 17.8 million lives were lost in 2017 due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), resulting in a total of 330 million years of life lost and an additional 35.6 million years of disability. Numerous studies have shown the importance of education and awareness in promoting positive and long-lasting behavioral changes. This study aims to assess Syrians' awareness of cardiovascular disease (CVD) warning symptoms and risk factors and investigate further into the variables that contribute to this awareness. \u0000 \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken online between August 1 and 25, 2022, to examine Syrian individuals' awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors and early warning signs. The study's questionnaire was constructed based on prior research, and the inclusion criteria for the sample were citizens of Syria over the age of 18 who currently reside in Syria. There were three categories of questions on the questionnaire: sociodemographics, an evaluation of CVD knowledge using both open- and closed-ended inquiries, and medical history and behavioral risk factors.\u0000 \u0000Results: There were 1201 inquired participants; 728 (60.6%) were males, and 473 (39.5%) were females. Concerns about developing diabetes were reported by 45.8% (n=550), hypertension was feared by 54.0% (n=540), and 43.9% (n=572) of individuals, and heart disease was feared by 45.9% (n=572). The internet and social media platforms were the most common ways they learned about it. Closed-ended questions indicated that the majority of participants (n=1164, 94.9%) had recognized CVD risk factors, with smoking (95.2%), obesity (93.6%), cholesterol (91%), and hypertension (90.3%) being the most often reported risk factors. Close-ended questions regarding CVD warning indicators revealed that most participants (n=897, 74.7%) correctly identified the warning symptoms. However, in response to open-ended questions, most participants (n=478, 39.8%) did not identify CVD risk factors, as well only (n=291, 24.2%) did. In addition, open-ended questions concerning CVD warning signs indicated that more than half of the participants (n=680, 56.6%) had poor identification of the warning symptoms. The age group between 55 and 64 years had the greatest CVD risk factors, and education was related to greater knowledge of CVD risk factors (P-value<0.001). Males have a greater understanding of CVD risk factors than females, and married individuals have a greater understanding of CVD warning signals than those with other marital statuses. Country-dwelling individuals are less knowledgeable about CVD risk factors and warning symptoms than city-dwelling participants. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: According to our results, there is inadequate knowledge of the risk factors and warning signs of CVDs, which contribute to the development of this illness and result in life-threatening circumstances. Consequently, there is a larger need to raise CVD awareness and learning initiatives on the disease's risk fac","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85555439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khalid El-Jack, Korey Henderson, Anietie U. Andy, Lauren Southwick
Background. Patients utilize social media in search of support networks. Reddit is one of the most popular social media sites and allows users to anonymously connect. Anesthesia patients are actively using Reddit to discuss their treatment options and experiences within the medical system. Methods. Posts published on an active Reddit forum on Anesthesia (i.e., /r/Anesthesia) were used. Big Query was used to collect posts from /r/Anesthesia. We collected 3,288 posts published between December 2015 and August 2019. We collected a control group of 3,288 posts from a Reddit forum not related to Anesthesia. Using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) we extracted 20 topics from our data set. The LDA topic themes most associated with posts in /r/Anesthesia compared to the control group were determined. Results. LDA analysis of posts in /r/Anesthesia relative to a control group produced 6 distinct categories of posts (Table 1). The posts most associated with /r/Anesthesia when compared to a control group were posts belonging to the “Physician-Patient Experience” category (Cohen’s d= 0.389) while the posts least associated with /r/Anesthesia were from the “Uncertainties” category of posts (Cohen’s d= 0.147). Example experiences from members of the /r/Anesthesia forum highlight subjective experiences of patients undergoing anesthesiology. Conclusions. The language used on social media can provide insights into an individual's experience with anesthesia and inform physicians about patient concerns. Anesthesiologists are poised to address these concerns and prevent anonymous misinformation by providing verified physician insights on the forum /r/Anesthesia.
{"title":"Reddit Users' Questions and Concerns about Anesthesia","authors":"Khalid El-Jack, Korey Henderson, Anietie U. Andy, Lauren Southwick","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1691","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Patients utilize social media in search of support networks. Reddit is one of the most popular social media sites and allows users to anonymously connect. Anesthesia patients are actively using Reddit to discuss their treatment options and experiences within the medical system. Methods. Posts published on an active Reddit forum on Anesthesia (i.e., /r/Anesthesia) were used. Big Query was used to collect posts from /r/Anesthesia. We collected 3,288 posts published between December 2015 and August 2019. We collected a control group of 3,288 posts from a Reddit forum not related to Anesthesia. Using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) we extracted 20 topics from our data set. The LDA topic themes most associated with posts in /r/Anesthesia compared to the control group were determined. Results. LDA analysis of posts in /r/Anesthesia relative to a control group produced 6 distinct categories of posts (Table 1). The posts most associated with /r/Anesthesia when compared to a control group were posts belonging to the “Physician-Patient Experience” category (Cohen’s d= 0.389) while the posts least associated with /r/Anesthesia were from the “Uncertainties” category of posts (Cohen’s d= 0.147). Example experiences from members of the /r/Anesthesia forum highlight subjective experiences of patients undergoing anesthesiology. Conclusions. The language used on social media can provide insights into an individual's experience with anesthesia and inform physicians about patient concerns. Anesthesiologists are poised to address these concerns and prevent anonymous misinformation by providing verified physician insights on the forum /r/Anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135031425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, H. Bohsas, M. Amir Rais, S. Shoib, Yazan Khair Eldien jabban, Lazaward Kazan, Noor-Haziah Hussain, B. Sawaf
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) verified 780 cases of monkeypox across 27 countries between 13 May 2022 and 2 June 2022. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the growing worldwide monkeypox epidemic a PHEIC on July 23; the bulk of confirmed cases have been found in European locations. The purpose of this research is to assess the level of awareness toward human monkeypox virus among the Syrian medical students, general practitioners (GPs), medical residents, and specialists. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional online survey in Syria between 2 may and 8 September, 2022 to assess medical students', general practitioners', residents', and specialists' knowledge about the monkeypox virus. The utilized tool was developed with input from the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and cross-sectional studies conducted in Indonesia. The survey has 53 questions divided into three groups: demographic information, work-related details, and monkeypox knowledge. The time-efficient and simple snowball method of sampling was used. Version 28.0 of SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 1257 healthcare workers and medical students throughout all of Syria's governorates took part in the research. The percentage of responders who learned anything about monkeypox in medical school was just 6.2% (n = 78). As a whole, students scored 10.23 out of a possible 15, with 11 being the adequate level for knowledge. About half of the participants (n = 700) are familiar with the term "monkeypox." As well, half of the respondents (n = 663) just learned about monkeypox during the last few days, while almost half (n = 530) only learned about it within the past month. Almost participants didn't know adequately about monkeypox. The natural host and incubation time for monkeypox were correctly identified by just 2.7% of responders and 33.3% of the whole population, respectively. 1.8% of participants gave the right response when asked about the symptoms of monkeypox. Sixty percent of the study sample think the symptoms of monkeypox and smallpox are identical. The females had higher knowledge toward monkeypox (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.26-1.80, p<0.001) than males. Respondents who are specialist doctors had higher knowledge toward monkeypox (aOR = 2.96, 95% CI = 2.24-3.92, p<0.001) than others. Conclusion: Due to the critical lack of knowledge about monkeypox among Syrian clinicians and undergraduate medical students, urgent action to solve this local issue is required. Therefore, education and awareness regarding monkeypox vaccinations are of paramount importance. In order to improve the medical community's capacity to respond to human monkeypox cases and report them into a disease surveillance system, it is crucial that doctors have a better understanding of the illness.
{"title":"Monkeypox Awareness Among the Syrian Doctors and Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"S. Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, H. Bohsas, M. Amir Rais, S. Shoib, Yazan Khair Eldien jabban, Lazaward Kazan, Noor-Haziah Hussain, B. Sawaf","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1772","url":null,"abstract":"Background: World Health Organization (WHO) verified 780 cases of monkeypox across 27 countries between 13 May 2022 and 2 June 2022. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the growing worldwide monkeypox epidemic a PHEIC on July 23; the bulk of confirmed cases have been found in European locations. The purpose of this research is to assess the level of awareness toward human monkeypox virus among the Syrian medical students, general practitioners (GPs), medical residents, and specialists.\u0000Methods: We performed a cross-sectional online survey in Syria between 2 may and 8 September, 2022 to assess medical students', general practitioners', residents', and specialists' knowledge about the monkeypox virus. The utilized tool was developed with input from the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and cross-sectional studies conducted in Indonesia. The survey has 53 questions divided into three groups: demographic information, work-related details, and monkeypox knowledge. The time-efficient and simple snowball method of sampling was used. Version 28.0 of SPSS was used to analyze the data.\u0000Results: A total of 1257 healthcare workers and medical students throughout all of Syria's governorates took part in the research. The percentage of responders who learned anything about monkeypox in medical school was just 6.2% (n = 78). As a whole, students scored 10.23 out of a possible 15, with 11 being the adequate level for knowledge. About half of the participants (n = 700) are familiar with the term \"monkeypox.\" As well, half of the respondents (n = 663) just learned about monkeypox during the last few days, while almost half (n = 530) only learned about it within the past month. Almost participants didn't know adequately about monkeypox. The natural host and incubation time for monkeypox were correctly identified by just 2.7% of responders and 33.3% of the whole population, respectively. 1.8% of participants gave the right response when asked about the symptoms of monkeypox. Sixty percent of the study sample think the symptoms of monkeypox and smallpox are identical. The females had higher knowledge toward monkeypox (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.26-1.80, p<0.001) than males. Respondents who are specialist doctors had higher knowledge toward monkeypox (aOR = 2.96, 95% CI = 2.24-3.92, p<0.001) than others.\u0000Conclusion: Due to the critical lack of knowledge about monkeypox among Syrian clinicians and undergraduate medical students, urgent action to solve this local issue is required. Therefore, education and awareness regarding monkeypox vaccinations are of paramount importance. In order to improve the medical community's capacity to respond to human monkeypox cases and report them into a disease surveillance system, it is crucial that doctors have a better understanding of the illness.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87727163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. B. Almoshantaf, S. Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, H. Bohsas, Mohmad Nour Nasif, W. Hafez
Background: The worldwide burden of cancer continues to rise, mainly due to global demographic changes and an increase in cancer-causing habits, such as smoking, epically in low-income countries. The Syrian National Cancer Registry (SNCR)estimates that 17,599 new cancer cases were diagnosed before the start of the war in 2011. According to statistics from the Al Bairouni 2020 hospital-based registry, which includes data on more than 60% of Syrian cancer patients, the number of cancer diagnoses has been rising in Syria. There is no research conducted in Syria to determine people’s knowledge about cancer and risk factors, symptoms, and signs. This research aims to determine how well-informed Syrians were on the following topics:(i) the age-related risk and prevalence of cancer; (ii) cancer signs and symptoms; and (iii) cancer risk factors. In addition, determining how well-informed different demographic categories. Method: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in Syria. Participants who were eligible to participate in the study who were residents of Syria irrespective their age or gender. The instrument of survey was a structured questionnaire the content of which was adapted from the validated cancer awareness measure (CAM) the cam was translated to Arabic and a scoring system was applied to the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed via several social media platforms. Results: A total of 1463 participants completed the questionnaire. There were 768 respondents (52.5%) said that there is no relation between age and cancer. Almost all the participants (85.6%) thought that the breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, while around half of the participants (55.1%) reported that the prostate cancer was the most common cancer among males. The most frequently reported cancer symptom was unexplained weight loss (73.2%), followed by unexplained swelling/lump (66.5%). The level of knowledge about cancer signs/symptoms among the participants were good in 623 (42.6%), fair in 594 (40.6%), and poor in 246 (16.8%). The most commonly recognized risks of cancer were smoking (83.5%). Conclusion: According to this research, taking into consideration the war and the bad economic situation that Syria is facing, Syrians’ knowledge towards cancer is acceptable. However, it is not meeting the ideal expectations. More research should be held to dig deeper into this issue.
{"title":"Knowledge of Cancer Among Syrians: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"M. B. Almoshantaf, S. Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, H. Bohsas, Mohmad Nour Nasif, W. Hafez","doi":"10.5195/ijms.2022.1817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1817","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The worldwide burden of cancer continues to rise, mainly due to global demographic changes and an increase in cancer-causing habits, such as smoking, epically in low-income countries. The Syrian National Cancer Registry (SNCR)estimates that 17,599 new cancer cases were diagnosed before the start of the war in 2011. According to statistics from the Al Bairouni 2020 hospital-based registry, which includes data on more than 60% of Syrian cancer patients, the number of cancer diagnoses has been rising in Syria. There is no research conducted in Syria to determine people’s knowledge about cancer and risk factors, symptoms, and signs. This research aims to determine how well-informed Syrians were on the following topics:(i) the age-related risk and prevalence of cancer; (ii) cancer signs and symptoms; and (iii) cancer risk factors. In addition, determining how well-informed different demographic categories.\u0000 \u0000Method: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in Syria. Participants who were eligible to participate in the study who were residents of Syria irrespective their age or gender. The instrument of survey was a structured questionnaire the content of which was adapted from the validated cancer awareness measure (CAM) the cam was translated to Arabic and a scoring system was applied to the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed via several social media platforms.\u0000 \u0000Results: A total of 1463 participants completed the questionnaire. There were 768 respondents (52.5%) said that there is no relation between age and cancer. Almost all the participants (85.6%) thought that the breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, while around half of the participants (55.1%) reported that the prostate cancer was the most common cancer among males. The most frequently reported cancer symptom was unexplained weight loss (73.2%), followed by unexplained swelling/lump (66.5%). The level of knowledge about cancer signs/symptoms among the participants were good in 623 (42.6%), fair in 594 (40.6%), and poor in 246 (16.8%). The most commonly recognized risks of cancer were smoking (83.5%).\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: According to this research, taking into consideration the war and the bad economic situation that Syria is facing, Syrians’ knowledge towards cancer is acceptable. However, it is not meeting the ideal expectations. More research should be held to dig deeper into this issue.","PeriodicalId":73459,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical students","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81885502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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