Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510090
Elayyan Ala
Childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health problem affecting one-third of children and adolescents in the United States, it has been linked to significant health risks and comorbid conditions in children and adults as it has direct associations with chronic health problems in children and adults not limited to diabetes, dyslipidemia, heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Childhood obesity is usually diagnosed and managed at the primary care office but having secondary prevention policy will have a bigger impact as obesity has been shown to be significantly correlated with observable behaviors, and having behavior change interventions will be easiest way to improve the health outcome. Sending a text message encouraging certain behavior changes to the parents of children ranging from 2 to 18 years of age with BMIs of more than the 95 percentiles for their age during their pediatric primary care visits. Sending a text messages weekly for 6 months encouraging certain behavior changes to the parents as SMS text can serve as cue to action according to the Health Belief Model (HBM) which triggers the decisionmaking process to accept a recommended health action. RESEARCH ARtiClE
{"title":"A Text Message Intervention for Weight Management in Childhood Obesity at the Pediatric Office","authors":"Elayyan Ala","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510090","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health problem affecting one-third of children and adolescents in the United States, it has been linked to significant health risks and comorbid conditions in children and adults as it has direct associations with chronic health problems in children and adults not limited to diabetes, dyslipidemia, heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Childhood obesity is usually diagnosed and managed at the primary care office but having secondary prevention policy will have a bigger impact as obesity has been shown to be significantly correlated with observable behaviors, and having behavior change interventions will be easiest way to improve the health outcome. Sending a text message encouraging certain behavior changes to the parents of children ranging from 2 to 18 years of age with BMIs of more than the 95 percentiles for their age during their pediatric primary care visits. Sending a text messages weekly for 6 months encouraging certain behavior changes to the parents as SMS text can serve as cue to action according to the Health Belief Model (HBM) which triggers the decisionmaking process to accept a recommended health action. RESEARCH ARtiClE","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47968686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510088
Noah Fedaa Noah, Doya Leen Jamel, Jouni Oday
Background: Neonatal sepsis contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality and is an ongoing major global public health challenge particularly in developing countries. Objective: The study aims to determine the prevalence of early neonatal infections and risk factors associated with neonatal intensive care. Methods: In a cross-sectional study that included all newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care of Tishreen University Hospital from October 2019 for one year and who fulfilled clinical and laboratory criteria for early neonatal sepsis, blood samples were drawn for laboratory analysis (CBC, CRP) with a blood culture. Results: 197 neonates (28.14%) had early neonatal sepsis. The majority of patients (80.71%) had negative blood cultures. The most common pathogen of the early neonatal infection was Staphylococcus albicans, Streptococci, and E. coli. The current study found that the most prevalent risk factor for early neonatal infection was a cesarean section, followed by maternal infections, male newborn sex, low birth weight, prematurity, maternal age greater than 30 years and less than 20 years, early rupture of membranes, need for resuscitation, and Meconium amino fluid. Conclusion: The current study confirmed an important prevalence of early neonatal sepsis in Tishreen University Hospital with its association with many risk factors; the most prevalent factors were cesarean section, the gender of the male newborn, low birth weight, and prematurity.
{"title":"Perinatal Risk Factors and Early Onset of Neonatal Sepsis","authors":"Noah Fedaa Noah, Doya Leen Jamel, Jouni Oday","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510088","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal sepsis contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality and is an ongoing major global public health challenge particularly in developing countries. Objective: The study aims to determine the prevalence of early neonatal infections and risk factors associated with neonatal intensive care. Methods: In a cross-sectional study that included all newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care of Tishreen University Hospital from October 2019 for one year and who fulfilled clinical and laboratory criteria for early neonatal sepsis, blood samples were drawn for laboratory analysis (CBC, CRP) with a blood culture. Results: 197 neonates (28.14%) had early neonatal sepsis. The majority of patients (80.71%) had negative blood cultures. The most common pathogen of the early neonatal infection was Staphylococcus albicans, Streptococci, and E. coli. The current study found that the most prevalent risk factor for early neonatal infection was a cesarean section, followed by maternal infections, male newborn sex, low birth weight, prematurity, maternal age greater than 30 years and less than 20 years, early rupture of membranes, need for resuscitation, and Meconium amino fluid. Conclusion: The current study confirmed an important prevalence of early neonatal sepsis in Tishreen University Hospital with its association with many risk factors; the most prevalent factors were cesarean section, the gender of the male newborn, low birth weight, and prematurity.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42335309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510087
KC Naresh Pratap, Dhungana Ranjan, Gamboa Emily, Davis Siena F, Visick Michael K, Clark Robert B
Background: The adoption of the Helping Babies Breath (HBB) tool has improved the outcomes of neonatal resuscitation following intrapartum events. Perinatal asphyxia however remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Nepal. HBB training has proven effective, but a major challenge is maintaining resuscitation skills over time. Safa Sanaulo Nepal (SSN) designed an evidence-based strategy for scaling up training and sustaining long-term retention. This paper describes the implementation of SSN’s model, and changes in newborn outcomes that occurred during the program. Methods and findings: The skills retention strategy relied on facility-based trainers to scale up and maintain resuscitation skills in 18 facilities in the area of Nepalgunj, Nepal. A single external mentor coached and assisted the facility-based trainers, provided general support, and monitored progress. Prospective outcome monitoring tracked changes in health metrics for a period of 24 months (March 2018 to March 2020). During this time, 46 facility-based trainers taught resuscitation skills to 1,785 midwives, nurses, and physicians, and supported skill retention with limited data gathered on neonatal health outcomes of 49,809 vaginal deliveries and 12,823 Caesarean sections. To analyze changes over the time SSN’s program was implemented, a comparison of beginning (first three months of assessment) and follow-up (last three months) rates of neonatal mortality, morbidity, and stillbirths was conducted. The total number of births assessed in this comparison was 15,947. Results indicate mortality dropped 60% (p = 0.01), morbidity dropped 77% (p = 0.01), and intrapartum stillbirths dropped 73% (p = 0.001) from beginning to follow-up. Conclusions: SSN’s model provides a valuable example of how an evidence-based program focusing on facility-based trainers, who are mentored and supported to scale-up and sustain resuscitation skills over time, may have a substantial influence on critical neonatal outcomes. This program demonstrated that capacity building required minimal external support and expense, with a single mentor mentoring, supporting, and monitoring 18 facilities. Future programs working to reduce neonatal mortality, morbidity, and intrapartum stillbirths may incorporate program elements to further improve neonatal outcomes.
{"title":"Newborn Resuscitation Scale Up and Retention Program Associated with Improved Neonatal Outcomes in Western Nepal","authors":"KC Naresh Pratap, Dhungana Ranjan, Gamboa Emily, Davis Siena F, Visick Michael K, Clark Robert B","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510087","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The adoption of the Helping Babies Breath (HBB) tool has improved the outcomes of neonatal resuscitation following intrapartum events. Perinatal asphyxia however remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Nepal. HBB training has proven effective, but a major challenge is maintaining resuscitation skills over time. Safa Sanaulo Nepal (SSN) designed an evidence-based strategy for scaling up training and sustaining long-term retention. This paper describes the implementation of SSN’s model, and changes in newborn outcomes that occurred during the program. Methods and findings: The skills retention strategy relied on facility-based trainers to scale up and maintain resuscitation skills in 18 facilities in the area of Nepalgunj, Nepal. A single external mentor coached and assisted the facility-based trainers, provided general support, and monitored progress. Prospective outcome monitoring tracked changes in health metrics for a period of 24 months (March 2018 to March 2020). During this time, 46 facility-based trainers taught resuscitation skills to 1,785 midwives, nurses, and physicians, and supported skill retention with limited data gathered on neonatal health outcomes of 49,809 vaginal deliveries and 12,823 Caesarean sections. To analyze changes over the time SSN’s program was implemented, a comparison of beginning (first three months of assessment) and follow-up (last three months) rates of neonatal mortality, morbidity, and stillbirths was conducted. The total number of births assessed in this comparison was 15,947. Results indicate mortality dropped 60% (p = 0.01), morbidity dropped 77% (p = 0.01), and intrapartum stillbirths dropped 73% (p = 0.001) from beginning to follow-up. Conclusions: SSN’s model provides a valuable example of how an evidence-based program focusing on facility-based trainers, who are mentored and supported to scale-up and sustain resuscitation skills over time, may have a substantial influence on critical neonatal outcomes. This program demonstrated that capacity building required minimal external support and expense, with a single mentor mentoring, supporting, and monitoring 18 facilities. Future programs working to reduce neonatal mortality, morbidity, and intrapartum stillbirths may incorporate program elements to further improve neonatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68750808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510086
Maya Arianne M, Ehresmann Kathleen R, Mustafa Moiz M, Taylor Janice A, Larson Shawn D, Islam Saleem, Petroze Robin T
Background: Wide practice variation and weak guidelines exist when considering enteral feeding options and the decision to proceed with gastric or postpyloric enteral feeding in critically ill infants and children. The purpose of this pilot study is to explore provider decision making in early feeding of critically ill pediatric patients, review the indications for choice of enteral feeding access, and qualitatively explore the role of institutional culture in medical decision making. Methods: In-person structured interviews of multi-level providers were conducted over a two-week period in PICU, NICU, and pediatric cardiac intensive care unit at our facility. A survey was developed to evaluate practitioner demographics as well as decision-making for feeding access in mock scenarios. Descriptive analysis was used for demographics and quantitative responses. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify common themes and variance in decision making. Results: Providers selected gastric feeding for most of the mock scenarios, a median of 7.4 times for 10 scenarios [IQR 6-9]. At least 1/3 of respondents selected postpyloric feeding for patients with neurologic impairment, hypotonia, aspiration pneumonia, and severe burns. 85% (n = 22) felt institutional culture plays a role in their decision making. 52% (n = 14) felt that postpyloric tubes result in more complications. Conclusion: Initial feeding tube decisions vary among providers, and many feel institutional culture and personal experience play a role in these decisions. Stronger feeding guidelines may help to decrease variability in enteral access choice.
{"title":"Decision Making Surrounding Mode of Initial Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients","authors":"Maya Arianne M, Ehresmann Kathleen R, Mustafa Moiz M, Taylor Janice A, Larson Shawn D, Islam Saleem, Petroze Robin T","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510086","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wide practice variation and weak guidelines exist when considering enteral feeding options and the decision to proceed with gastric or postpyloric enteral feeding in critically ill infants and children. The purpose of this pilot study is to explore provider decision making in early feeding of critically ill pediatric patients, review the indications for choice of enteral feeding access, and qualitatively explore the role of institutional culture in medical decision making. Methods: In-person structured interviews of multi-level providers were conducted over a two-week period in PICU, NICU, and pediatric cardiac intensive care unit at our facility. A survey was developed to evaluate practitioner demographics as well as decision-making for feeding access in mock scenarios. Descriptive analysis was used for demographics and quantitative responses. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify common themes and variance in decision making. Results: Providers selected gastric feeding for most of the mock scenarios, a median of 7.4 times for 10 scenarios [IQR 6-9]. At least 1/3 of respondents selected postpyloric feeding for patients with neurologic impairment, hypotonia, aspiration pneumonia, and severe burns. 85% (n = 22) felt institutional culture plays a role in their decision making. 52% (n = 14) felt that postpyloric tubes result in more complications. Conclusion: Initial feeding tube decisions vary among providers, and many feel institutional culture and personal experience play a role in these decisions. Stronger feeding guidelines may help to decrease variability in enteral access choice.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48445590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510099
Bijow Fareeda Wasfy, Jouni Oday, Dayoub Adnan
{"title":"High Prevalence of Neonatal Respiratory Distress and its Possible Etiologies in NICU in Syria","authors":"Bijow Fareeda Wasfy, Jouni Oday, Dayoub Adnan","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68751010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510098
Abdullah Suhad, Chreitah Ahmed, Zreik Youssef
Background: Short stature is a common problem in childhood, which may be a normal variant of growth or the result of pathologic conditions. Determination of the etiological factors would lead to more appropriate assessment and clinical approach for patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the etiologies of short stature among children. Materials and Methods: An Observational Cross-Sectional study was conducted in 92 children older than 5 years with short stature. They are selected from Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Tishreen University Hospital between September 2020 and September 2021. Weight and height were measured and target height was calculated. Samples of blood, urine, stool were taken and appropriate investigations were performed. Results: A total of 92 children, 42 males (45.7%) and 50 females (54.3%) with mean age 8.8 ± 2.7 years were included in the study. Out of the 92 children, 57(62%) were normal variants including familial short stature (44.6%) and constitutional growth delay (17.4%). Endocrine causes were founded in 14 cases (15.2%) which included hypothyroidism (8.7%), growth hormone deficiency GHD (4.3%) and vitamin D-resistant rickets (2.2%). Other causes of short stature were as follows: infection with Helicobacter pylori (9.8%), Celiac disease (6.5%), and malnutrition (4.3%).
{"title":"Etiological Classification of Short Stature in Children over 5 Years Old","authors":"Abdullah Suhad, Chreitah Ahmed, Zreik Youssef","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510098","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Short stature is a common problem in childhood, which may be a normal variant of growth or the result of pathologic conditions. Determination of the etiological factors would lead to more appropriate assessment and clinical approach for patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the etiologies of short stature among children. Materials and Methods: An Observational Cross-Sectional study was conducted in 92 children older than 5 years with short stature. They are selected from Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Tishreen University Hospital between September 2020 and September 2021. Weight and height were measured and target height was calculated. Samples of blood, urine, stool were taken and appropriate investigations were performed. Results: A total of 92 children, 42 males (45.7%) and 50 females (54.3%) with mean age 8.8 ± 2.7 years were included in the study. Out of the 92 children, 57(62%) were normal variants including familial short stature (44.6%) and constitutional growth delay (17.4%). Endocrine causes were founded in 14 cases (15.2%) which included hypothyroidism (8.7%), growth hormone deficiency GHD (4.3%) and vitamin D-resistant rickets (2.2%). Other causes of short stature were as follows: infection with Helicobacter pylori (9.8%), Celiac disease (6.5%), and malnutrition (4.3%).","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68750970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510100
Keretić Dorotea, Gliha Andro, Višnjić Stjepan, Car Andrija, Petračić Ivan, Pejić Josip, Batoš Ana Tripalo, Ulamec Monika, Romčević Leon, Gojenović Antonija
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation or CPAM is a rare anomaly which affects specifically one and usually lower lung lobe. In most cases it is detected during prenatal life with foetal ultrasound, but it`s not uncommon to find CPAM in background of frequent respiratory infections in childhood, rarely even in adulthood. In this paper, our aim is to present an atypical presentation of CPAM type I which we had difficulties to diagnose. Our case shows CPAM as a substrate for development of tension pneumothorax in 5-months old infant facilitated by acute bronchitis. After initial thoracic drainage and regression of pneumothorax a recurrent pneumothorax was developed and consequently CPAM was suspected. Following CT scans showed CPAM lesion in lower right lung lobe with mediastinal shift and consolidation of adjacent lung tissue. Parenchyma sparring lung resection was done and histological analysis verified CPAM type I lesion. No postoperative complications occurred and infant`s further development was normal during regular follow-up.
{"title":"Tension Pneumothorax in 5-Months Old Infant - An Atypical Presentation of CPAM Type I","authors":"Keretić Dorotea, Gliha Andro, Višnjić Stjepan, Car Andrija, Petračić Ivan, Pejić Josip, Batoš Ana Tripalo, Ulamec Monika, Romčević Leon, Gojenović Antonija","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510100","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital pulmonary airway malformation or CPAM is a rare anomaly which affects specifically one and usually lower lung lobe. In most cases it is detected during prenatal life with foetal ultrasound, but it`s not uncommon to find CPAM in background of frequent respiratory infections in childhood, rarely even in adulthood. In this paper, our aim is to present an atypical presentation of CPAM type I which we had difficulties to diagnose. Our case shows CPAM as a substrate for development of tension pneumothorax in 5-months old infant facilitated by acute bronchitis. After initial thoracic drainage and regression of pneumothorax a recurrent pneumothorax was developed and consequently CPAM was suspected. Following CT scans showed CPAM lesion in lower right lung lobe with mediastinal shift and consolidation of adjacent lung tissue. Parenchyma sparring lung resection was done and histological analysis verified CPAM type I lesion. No postoperative complications occurred and infant`s further development was normal during regular follow-up.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68751286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnitudes of Immunization Dropout Rate and Predictors for 12-23 Months Aged Children in Abobo District Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Kassaw Ayalew, Mariam Abebe Gebere, Kebede Alemi, Kebede Fassikaw","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47226668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510083
Adeyiga Ab
Background: Lead poisoning is a major public health issues that affect pediatric age group with different multi-organ damage. In children for instance, it has been discovered that there is no small level or appreciable quantity of lead exposure that is safe for children because of developmental growth and cognitive development at this very crucial stage of life. Children are at very high risk because of their handto-mouth explorative behaviors at this developmental age thereby leading to unintentional ingestion of lead. Persistent exposure to lead has been attributed to difficulty in learning, low intelligence quotient (LIQ), attention deficit and behavioral problems. Even at low levels of lead poisoning, accumulating lines of evidence show an irreversible, deleterious effect on a child’s development that result in learning and behavioral disorders with diminished attention span. In addition, the affected patient present with clinical symptoms ranging from abdominal pain, loss of appetite, renal function impairment, and anemia due to inhibition of synthesis of oxygen carrying protein called hemoglobin. Moreover, childhood disease of lead poisoning could develop into neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson`s disease and Alzheimer`s disease due to epigenetic modification in future. Methods: Literature search strategy was used through electronic data bases, by using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline between years 1960 to year 2019. The search strategy that was used is “lead poisoning in children” or “blood toxicity of lead in childhood”. The literature quality was assessed by selecting articles that were relevant to the topic of my discussion based on the standard of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). In the search 2778 articles were got. Out of the research results obtained, only relevant articles were selected for the purpose of topic being studied. Results: In the view of the evidences above, lead poisoning and toxicity among pediatric group are a global burden of disease because of the emergent industrial activities in the world today. Conclusion: The aim of this review study is to determine the effect of lead toxicity among pediatric age group and its social burden on affected children with possible policy and education awareness to mitigate this menace.
{"title":"Lead Poisoning in Pediatric Groups: A Global Burden of Disease","authors":"Adeyiga Ab","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510083","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lead poisoning is a major public health issues that affect pediatric age group with different multi-organ damage. In children for instance, it has been discovered that there is no small level or appreciable quantity of lead exposure that is safe for children because of developmental growth and cognitive development at this very crucial stage of life. Children are at very high risk because of their handto-mouth explorative behaviors at this developmental age thereby leading to unintentional ingestion of lead. Persistent exposure to lead has been attributed to difficulty in learning, low intelligence quotient (LIQ), attention deficit and behavioral problems. Even at low levels of lead poisoning, accumulating lines of evidence show an irreversible, deleterious effect on a child’s development that result in learning and behavioral disorders with diminished attention span. In addition, the affected patient present with clinical symptoms ranging from abdominal pain, loss of appetite, renal function impairment, and anemia due to inhibition of synthesis of oxygen carrying protein called hemoglobin. Moreover, childhood disease of lead poisoning could develop into neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson`s disease and Alzheimer`s disease due to epigenetic modification in future. Methods: Literature search strategy was used through electronic data bases, by using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline between years 1960 to year 2019. The search strategy that was used is “lead poisoning in children” or “blood toxicity of lead in childhood”. The literature quality was assessed by selecting articles that were relevant to the topic of my discussion based on the standard of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). In the search 2778 articles were got. Out of the research results obtained, only relevant articles were selected for the purpose of topic being studied. Results: In the view of the evidences above, lead poisoning and toxicity among pediatric group are a global burden of disease because of the emergent industrial activities in the world today. Conclusion: The aim of this review study is to determine the effect of lead toxicity among pediatric age group and its social burden on affected children with possible policy and education awareness to mitigate this menace.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42843693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510082
A. Suadad J
Background: Complementary & alternative medicine popular in Iraq, its use from many age group but shortage of data is available about uses of traditional medicine in pediatric. Material and methods: The aim of this study to measure the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine CAM (one type of CAM called saqua) use in acutely sick children (complaining from gastro intestinal symptom) and factors associated with it. This is a cross-sectional study, hospital-based study in a tertiary center of Baghdad CityIraq from the first January 2018 to January 2019. Children were assessed using a specially designed questionnaire, interview with one of child’s family almost the mother or grandmother, face to face interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS (statistical software version 20), Chi-square test for association between using CAM and not using. P-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the total 415 admitted children one year’s olds or less complaining from gastro intestinal symptom, 36 (8.6%) were using complementary and alternate medicine. The age distribution of the children using CAM less than first year, children were using CAM, age group less than one month 11 (30.6%), 1 to 6 months 22 (61.1%) and from 6 months to 1 year 3 (8.3%), male 22 (61.1%), female 14 (38.9), about region urban 23 (63.9%) and rural 13 (36.1%), parent with low education state. During period of hospitalization, observation and follow up was done, complication more in the children who use CAM (saqua), 9 (25%) out of 36 using saqua complaining from complication compare with non-using 12(3. 2%). Deaths increasing in the children which using saqua 21 (58.3%) compare with non-using 8 (2.11%). Conclusion: The usage of CAM concerning on value and believes, in this study was founded Complication more in children using CAM camper not using CAM (saqua), also number of death more in pediatric using CAM (saqua), so need awareness about it and more study about (saqua) one type of CAM.
{"title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Inpatient Pediatric Under One Year of Age in Baghdad City-Iraq","authors":"A. Suadad J","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510082","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Complementary & alternative medicine popular in Iraq, its use from many age group but shortage of data is available about uses of traditional medicine in pediatric. Material and methods: The aim of this study to measure the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine CAM (one type of CAM called saqua) use in acutely sick children (complaining from gastro intestinal symptom) and factors associated with it. This is a cross-sectional study, hospital-based study in a tertiary center of Baghdad CityIraq from the first January 2018 to January 2019. Children were assessed using a specially designed questionnaire, interview with one of child’s family almost the mother or grandmother, face to face interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS (statistical software version 20), Chi-square test for association between using CAM and not using. P-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the total 415 admitted children one year’s olds or less complaining from gastro intestinal symptom, 36 (8.6%) were using complementary and alternate medicine. The age distribution of the children using CAM less than first year, children were using CAM, age group less than one month 11 (30.6%), 1 to 6 months 22 (61.1%) and from 6 months to 1 year 3 (8.3%), male 22 (61.1%), female 14 (38.9), about region urban 23 (63.9%) and rural 13 (36.1%), parent with low education state. During period of hospitalization, observation and follow up was done, complication more in the children who use CAM (saqua), 9 (25%) out of 36 using saqua complaining from complication compare with non-using 12(3. 2%). Deaths increasing in the children which using saqua 21 (58.3%) compare with non-using 8 (2.11%). Conclusion: The usage of CAM concerning on value and believes, in this study was founded Complication more in children using CAM camper not using CAM (saqua), also number of death more in pediatric using CAM (saqua), so need awareness about it and more study about (saqua) one type of CAM.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48449586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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