Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510056
Koegel Lynn Kern, Bryan Katherine M, Su Pumpki, V. Mohini, Camarata Stephen
Background: Most children diagnosed with ASD will present with late onset verbal communication, and at least one third of these children will remain minimally or completely nonverbal throughout their lifespan, speaking few or no words. Challenges with verbal language can negatively affect many areas, including socialization, academics, independent living and employment. The objective of this paper was to systematically review interventions for the treatment of nonverbal and minimally verbal individuals with ASD. This review exclusively selected studies that targeted verbal communication in minimally and nonverbal individuals diagnosed with ASD. The interventions provided, the outcomes of these interventions, measures used to assess change, and prepost measures were included. Question: What is the current evidence base for interventions for nonand minimally verbal individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? Methods: A literature search was conducted through ProQuest (Mendeley reference manager). Articles were extrapolated from seventy data bases. Databases surveyed included Medline, Periodicals Archive Online, Periodicals Index Online, PRISMA Database, ProQuest Central, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO. A complete list of all databases included is available on ProQuest (http://tls.search.proquest. com/titlelist/jsp/list/tlsSingle.jsp?productId=10000255). The publication span entered was 1960 to 2018. Reliability for coding was examined and was uniformly above 90% concordance. Results: Our search yielded 2,007 articles, of which 29 studies met our inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included: (1) Research Design: Studies that involved systematic, experimentally controlled investigations, such as randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, and single-case designs; (2) Diagnosis: only studies that included minimally verbal, nonverbal, and preverbal participants diagnosed with ASD were included; and (3) Targeted verbal communication: the goal of the intervention was to initiate or improve verbal communication, including the production of words, word attempts, or sounds. This review found that there were a wide variety of interventions provided, comparisons across interventions were lacking, and dependent measures varied considerably. Conclusions: Presently, pediatricians and service providers are unable to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations regarding speech and language interventions for nonand minimally verbal individuals with ASD. There is limited evidence that verbal-focused treatments in natural settings with parent participation is effective, research regarding the most effective and efficient interventions for this high need group is lacking. Lack of uniformity in regard to dependent and prepost measures, participant ages, and description of interventions implemented make it difficult to compare outcomes across studies. Additional research using uniform standards for identifying MV and NV children with ASD and for de
{"title":"Intervention for Non-verbal and Minimally-Verbal Individuals with Autism: A Systematic Review","authors":"Koegel Lynn Kern, Bryan Katherine M, Su Pumpki, V. Mohini, Camarata Stephen","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most children diagnosed with ASD will present with late onset verbal communication, and at least one third of these children will remain minimally or completely nonverbal throughout their lifespan, speaking few or no words. Challenges with verbal language can negatively affect many areas, including socialization, academics, independent living and employment. The objective of this paper was to systematically review interventions for the treatment of nonverbal and minimally verbal individuals with ASD. This review exclusively selected studies that targeted verbal communication in minimally and nonverbal individuals diagnosed with ASD. The interventions provided, the outcomes of these interventions, measures used to assess change, and prepost measures were included. Question: What is the current evidence base for interventions for nonand minimally verbal individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? Methods: A literature search was conducted through ProQuest (Mendeley reference manager). Articles were extrapolated from seventy data bases. Databases surveyed included Medline, Periodicals Archive Online, Periodicals Index Online, PRISMA Database, ProQuest Central, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO. A complete list of all databases included is available on ProQuest (http://tls.search.proquest. com/titlelist/jsp/list/tlsSingle.jsp?productId=10000255). The publication span entered was 1960 to 2018. Reliability for coding was examined and was uniformly above 90% concordance. Results: Our search yielded 2,007 articles, of which 29 studies met our inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included: (1) Research Design: Studies that involved systematic, experimentally controlled investigations, such as randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, and single-case designs; (2) Diagnosis: only studies that included minimally verbal, nonverbal, and preverbal participants diagnosed with ASD were included; and (3) Targeted verbal communication: the goal of the intervention was to initiate or improve verbal communication, including the production of words, word attempts, or sounds. This review found that there were a wide variety of interventions provided, comparisons across interventions were lacking, and dependent measures varied considerably. Conclusions: Presently, pediatricians and service providers are unable to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations regarding speech and language interventions for nonand minimally verbal individuals with ASD. There is limited evidence that verbal-focused treatments in natural settings with parent participation is effective, research regarding the most effective and efficient interventions for this high need group is lacking. Lack of uniformity in regard to dependent and prepost measures, participant ages, and description of interventions implemented make it difficult to compare outcomes across studies. Additional research using uniform standards for identifying MV and NV children with ASD and for de","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43001333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510055
S. Padmini, Dauterman Michala, M. Ajay, Krishna Jyoti
For diagnosing sleep apnea, patients are required to stay overnight in a sleep lab, and various physiological signals are recorded using different sensors. The data collected during the study is often prone to artifacts due to various reasons and one such artifact in younger patients is due to the use of pacifiers which corrupts the signal from the sensors. One of the sensor signals which is corrupted frequently is the airflow signal. This airflow signal is obtained using a thermistor that is placed just below the nostrils. Thermistor readings are used to determine the airflow and breathing pattern in the patients based on the difference in temperature readings of the air that is drawn in and then breathed out. The objective of this study is to develop a wavelet based signal processing technique to identify and remove such artifacts from the thermistor data. Wavelet technique is first developed and tested on a simulated waveform to remove artifacts, and then validated on the actual waveform obtained from a patient. The technique shows satisfactory output in removal of artifacts and in reconstruction of the actual signal. It must be noted here that the removal of the artifact may not provide information on the occurrence of a sleep apnea episode by that sensor, but directs more attention to other sensors to see if there was an episode at that time. In addition, the identification and removal of the artifact is the first stage towards an automatic software-based scoring system in the future.
{"title":"Signal Processing Technique for Identifying Pacifier Artifacts in Pediatric Sleep Lab Airflow Data","authors":"S. Padmini, Dauterman Michala, M. Ajay, Krishna Jyoti","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510055","url":null,"abstract":"For diagnosing sleep apnea, patients are required to stay overnight in a sleep lab, and various physiological signals are recorded using different sensors. The data collected during the study is often prone to artifacts due to various reasons and one such artifact in younger patients is due to the use of pacifiers which corrupts the signal from the sensors. One of the sensor signals which is corrupted frequently is the airflow signal. This airflow signal is obtained using a thermistor that is placed just below the nostrils. Thermistor readings are used to determine the airflow and breathing pattern in the patients based on the difference in temperature readings of the air that is drawn in and then breathed out. The objective of this study is to develop a wavelet based signal processing technique to identify and remove such artifacts from the thermistor data. Wavelet technique is first developed and tested on a simulated waveform to remove artifacts, and then validated on the actual waveform obtained from a patient. The technique shows satisfactory output in removal of artifacts and in reconstruction of the actual signal. It must be noted here that the removal of the artifact may not provide information on the occurrence of a sleep apnea episode by that sensor, but directs more attention to other sensors to see if there was an episode at that time. In addition, the identification and removal of the artifact is the first stage towards an automatic software-based scoring system in the future.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45506632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510049
L. Julie
In the United States pediatric hospitals and healthcare organizations are becoming more familiar with the value of Child Life Specialists to partner with children and their families to offer information, preparation, and stress reduction interventions to ease the potential negative emotional impact of a healthcare experience. To that end, Child Life Specialists have a unique role, which is not often understood by other healthcare providers. Historically casually regarded as “the hospital play ladies” Child Life Specialists offer more than simply play. They are child development experts that help to prepare children for unique healthcare experiences. If Child Life Specialists offer therapeutic play to children, what is the role of Registered Play Therapists? This article aims to clarify the roles, training, and scope of practice of both Child Life Specialist and Registered Play Therapists in the United States. had implemented play programs [2]. Out of this recognition of the healing power of play, two organizations were formed in 1982 to support children in their moments of need: The Child Life Council (CLC) and the Association for Play Therapy (APT). The Child Life Council bestows the credential Certified Child Life Specialist and the Association for Play Therapy bestows the credential Registered Play Therapist. The following paper seeks to explore and clarify the differences between the roles and training of Certified Child Life Specialists and Registered Play Therapists.
{"title":"An Exploration of the Roles of Certified Child Life Specialists & Registered Play Therapists in the United States","authors":"L. Julie","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510049","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States pediatric hospitals and healthcare organizations are becoming more familiar with the value of Child Life Specialists to partner with children and their families to offer information, preparation, and stress reduction interventions to ease the potential negative emotional impact of a healthcare experience. To that end, Child Life Specialists have a unique role, which is not often understood by other healthcare providers. Historically casually regarded as “the hospital play ladies” Child Life Specialists offer more than simply play. They are child development experts that help to prepare children for unique healthcare experiences. If Child Life Specialists offer therapeutic play to children, what is the role of Registered Play Therapists? This article aims to clarify the roles, training, and scope of practice of both Child Life Specialist and Registered Play Therapists in the United States. had implemented play programs [2]. Out of this recognition of the healing power of play, two organizations were formed in 1982 to support children in their moments of need: The Child Life Council (CLC) and the Association for Play Therapy (APT). The Child Life Council bestows the credential Certified Child Life Specialist and the Association for Play Therapy bestows the credential Registered Play Therapist. The following paper seeks to explore and clarify the differences between the roles and training of Certified Child Life Specialists and Registered Play Therapists.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44534583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510051
M. Melike, Keskindemirci Gonca, Gökçay Gülbin
Objective: To evaluate the effect of baby walker (BW) use on child development. Methods: The study was conducted in İstanbul University İstanbul Medical Faculty Social Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. Children aged 18-30 months who used BW for 30 minutes or more a day for at least 1 month constituted the user group (n = 100) and those who never used a BW were in the control group (n = 100). Information was obtained through the personal health record of the unit and by a face-to-face questionnaire applied to the families during their visits to the unit. The Ankara Development Screening Inventory (ADSI) was used to assess language-cognitive, motor and mental development. Sitting without support and independent walking age and four measures (history and physical, neurological and orthopedic examinations) of gait disorders were evaluated in relation to child development. Results: There was no developmental problem in any of the children, but there was a statistically significant difference in terms of an atypical gait pattern between the two groups Atypical gait pattern and especially toe-walking were more frequent in children who used BW. The accident rate in BW users was also significantly higher than those who did not use BW. The most common reasons for BW use were keeping the child occupied and improving his/her development. Conclusion: The use of BW should be considered while evaluating toe-walking in children. To convince families in avoiding use of BW, they need to be informed that it has no positive influence on motor development but carries a risk for accidents and toe walking. This information should be part of the parent education offered in Well Child Clinics.
{"title":"Baby Walker Use and Child Development","authors":"M. Melike, Keskindemirci Gonca, Gökçay Gülbin","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510051","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effect of baby walker (BW) use on child development. Methods: The study was conducted in İstanbul University İstanbul Medical Faculty Social Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. Children aged 18-30 months who used BW for 30 minutes or more a day for at least 1 month constituted the user group (n = 100) and those who never used a BW were in the control group (n = 100). Information was obtained through the personal health record of the unit and by a face-to-face questionnaire applied to the families during their visits to the unit. The Ankara Development Screening Inventory (ADSI) was used to assess language-cognitive, motor and mental development. Sitting without support and independent walking age and four measures (history and physical, neurological and orthopedic examinations) of gait disorders were evaluated in relation to child development. Results: There was no developmental problem in any of the children, but there was a statistically significant difference in terms of an atypical gait pattern between the two groups Atypical gait pattern and especially toe-walking were more frequent in children who used BW. The accident rate in BW users was also significantly higher than those who did not use BW. The most common reasons for BW use were keeping the child occupied and improving his/her development. Conclusion: The use of BW should be considered while evaluating toe-walking in children. To convince families in avoiding use of BW, they need to be informed that it has no positive influence on motor development but carries a risk for accidents and toe walking. This information should be part of the parent education offered in Well Child Clinics.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45511509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510048
C. Stephen
{"title":"A Pediatrician's View on Toxic Stresses Perpetuated by Our Current Administration","authors":"C. Stephen","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42986924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510050
DeLuca Jane M, Cpnp-Pc, Sarasua Sara M, Boccuto Luigi
Background: Currently, a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is determined by behavioral/ observational evaluations performed on children ages 2-5 years. Research suggests that laboratory-based tests for screening or diagnosis of ASD may be available in the future. In this study, we examined attitudes towards the acceptance of a hypothetical laboratory-based screening test for children for ASD. Methods: For this study, a survey was developed to capture opinions about a hypothetical ASD laboratory test and issues related to screening program functions such as costs of screening. Sixty-five people participated in the study. Results: The majority of participants would consider screening a child for ASD with a laboratory-based blood test if available. Most approved of early screening before age three regardless of the presence of ASD symptoms. If a screening test indicating a risk of developing ASD, most would consider enrolling a child in an early intervention program. Discussion and conclusions: The trends in this preliminary work indicate favorable attitudes toward an early-initiated laboratory-based screening test for ASD. In advance of a clinically available test for ASD, understanding people’s responses to such screening can help us conceptualize strategies for counseling and care delivery.
{"title":"Looking toward the Future: An Inquiry into the Acceptance of a Hypothetical Laboratory-based Screening Test for Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"DeLuca Jane M, Cpnp-Pc, Sarasua Sara M, Boccuto Luigi","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510050","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Currently, a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is determined by behavioral/ observational evaluations performed on children ages 2-5 years. Research suggests that laboratory-based tests for screening or diagnosis of ASD may be available in the future. In this study, we examined attitudes towards the acceptance of a hypothetical laboratory-based screening test for children for ASD. Methods: For this study, a survey was developed to capture opinions about a hypothetical ASD laboratory test and issues related to screening program functions such as costs of screening. Sixty-five people participated in the study. Results: The majority of participants would consider screening a child for ASD with a laboratory-based blood test if available. Most approved of early screening before age three regardless of the presence of ASD symptoms. If a screening test indicating a risk of developing ASD, most would consider enrolling a child in an early intervention program. Discussion and conclusions: The trends in this preliminary work indicate favorable attitudes toward an early-initiated laboratory-based screening test for ASD. In advance of a clinically available test for ASD, understanding people’s responses to such screening can help us conceptualize strategies for counseling and care delivery.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41789579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510053
Mandal Bishnu Prasad, Yang Yao, Fan Jingyi
Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are growing worldwide in both developed and developing countries. Parents are primary caregivers to recognize the signs and symptoms of children’s behavior or mental -illness. This study is to obtain basic knowledge and awareness about NDDs in children in Nepali community. People in Nepali community have various religions and outdated belief. This study analyzes misconceptions and factors that influence the knowledge regarding NDDs among general populations, which can help to build early recognition and give support towards families with children diagnosed as mental and psychiatric disorders. Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted among parents of children visited in out-patients department in Nirmala Devi hospital. This survey is based on questionnaire interview with parents regarding socio-demographic information and their knowledge and opinion about NDDs. A total of 500 parents were recruited. Data were collected in excel sheet and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Among our study population, 54.4% were female and 45.4% of them were from age 30 to 39 years. The majority of participants (57.8%) live in village, 75.6% were Hinduism and 52.2% were formal educational status. In general, the participants’ knowledge and opinions regarding NDDs were poor. When asked about autism symptoms, 65.4% of the female respondents were more positive than the male counterparts. When comparison of religion and mental illness are related to God, all religions of respondents were positive. Residency from both city and village agreed that fear of using drugs for treatment of psychiatric disorder resulted from negative media coverage. Highly educated respondents were more likely to consider psychiatric illness as treatable where as formal educated respondent take it the other way. Conclusion: Public knowledge and awareness regarding NDDs need to improve. Formal educated participants should be the target for mental health education and several misconceptions. Anti-stigma and mental health knowledge programmed should be increased in public and community to improve the quality of life.
{"title":"A Questionnaire Survey on Parent's Awareness Regarding Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorder","authors":"Mandal Bishnu Prasad, Yang Yao, Fan Jingyi","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510053","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are growing worldwide in both developed and developing countries. Parents are primary caregivers to recognize the signs and symptoms of children’s behavior or mental -illness. This study is to obtain basic knowledge and awareness about NDDs in children in Nepali community. People in Nepali community have various religions and outdated belief. This study analyzes misconceptions and factors that influence the knowledge regarding NDDs among general populations, which can help to build early recognition and give support towards families with children diagnosed as mental and psychiatric disorders. Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted among parents of children visited in out-patients department in Nirmala Devi hospital. This survey is based on questionnaire interview with parents regarding socio-demographic information and their knowledge and opinion about NDDs. A total of 500 parents were recruited. Data were collected in excel sheet and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Among our study population, 54.4% were female and 45.4% of them were from age 30 to 39 years. The majority of participants (57.8%) live in village, 75.6% were Hinduism and 52.2% were formal educational status. In general, the participants’ knowledge and opinions regarding NDDs were poor. When asked about autism symptoms, 65.4% of the female respondents were more positive than the male counterparts. When comparison of religion and mental illness are related to God, all religions of respondents were positive. Residency from both city and village agreed that fear of using drugs for treatment of psychiatric disorder resulted from negative media coverage. Highly educated respondents were more likely to consider psychiatric illness as treatable where as formal educated respondent take it the other way. Conclusion: Public knowledge and awareness regarding NDDs need to improve. Formal educated participants should be the target for mental health education and several misconceptions. Anti-stigma and mental health knowledge programmed should be increased in public and community to improve the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45744462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-08DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510052
Adedemy Jd, MF Agbeille, J. Agossou, A. Noudamadjo, G. Kpanidja, U. Aisso, A. Biaou, H. F. Lalya, L. Seydou, S. Koumakpaï-Adeothy
Background: HIV infection still contributes significantly to high leatlity among infant and child. The aim of this work was to assess survival rate after five years of routine follow up among HIV 1-infected children in the pediatric ward of the Parakou Teaching Hospital. Patients and methods: It was a descriptive cohort study with analytical purpose covering Five years from 2011 to 2016. It focused on 89 HIV 1-infected children. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival probabilities. The survival trends were compared with Log-rank test. Cox regression test was used to identify factors associated with child deaths. Results: The HIV1-infected children had an average age of 3 years at admission. Most of children were on first line ART and most complications were malnutrition, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis and oral candidosis. The probability of survival at 60 months was 0.7637. Factors associated with their deaths were the lack of children occupation (p = 0.039); 4th WHO clinical stage (p < 0.001) with 39 fold higher risk than children at WHO clinical stage 1; poor follow-up (p = 0.007) with 5.86 times fold higher risk than children with good follow up and malnutrition (p = 0.003) with 4.92 times fold higher risk than children with normal Z score. Conclusion: This result will help clinicians to improve the survival rate of infected children through systematic screening at each contact with the health system, a rapid care of children at birth and regularity in children’s follow-up monitoring with therapeutic education.
{"title":"Five Years Survival Trend and Outcome among HIV Infected Children Followed Up in the Pediatric Department in a Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Adedemy Jd, MF Agbeille, J. Agossou, A. Noudamadjo, G. Kpanidja, U. Aisso, A. Biaou, H. F. Lalya, L. Seydou, S. Koumakpaï-Adeothy","doi":"10.23937/2469-5769/1510052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5769/1510052","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV infection still contributes significantly to high leatlity among infant and child. The aim of this work was to assess survival rate after five years of routine follow up among HIV 1-infected children in the pediatric ward of the Parakou Teaching Hospital. Patients and methods: It was a descriptive cohort study with analytical purpose covering Five years from 2011 to 2016. It focused on 89 HIV 1-infected children. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival probabilities. The survival trends were compared with Log-rank test. Cox regression test was used to identify factors associated with child deaths. Results: The HIV1-infected children had an average age of 3 years at admission. Most of children were on first line ART and most complications were malnutrition, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis and oral candidosis. The probability of survival at 60 months was 0.7637. Factors associated with their deaths were the lack of children occupation (p = 0.039); 4th WHO clinical stage (p < 0.001) with 39 fold higher risk than children at WHO clinical stage 1; poor follow-up (p = 0.007) with 5.86 times fold higher risk than children with good follow up and malnutrition (p = 0.003) with 4.92 times fold higher risk than children with normal Z score. Conclusion: This result will help clinicians to improve the survival rate of infected children through systematic screening at each contact with the health system, a rapid care of children at birth and regularity in children’s follow-up monitoring with therapeutic education.","PeriodicalId":73466,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47975535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2469-5769/1510046
Drenowatz Clemens, Greier Klaus
Background: Dietary intake plays an important role in the development and health of children and adolescents. Puberty is a particularly vulnerable period due to the increased nutrient demands associated with growth. This age range has also been associated with various changes in health behavior. While several studies have examined the influence of the social and built environment on dietary habits during adolescence, there remains limited research on the association between biological maturation and eating behaviors as well as food intake in youth. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes data from 165 participants (55% male) between 11 and 16 years of age. The study protocol was approved by the University of Innsbruck Institutional Review Board as well as the school board and principals of the participating schools. Body weight and height was measured with an electronic scale and a portable stadiometer during a regular physical education class with participants wearing gym clothes and being barefoot. Subsequently, maturity offset was calculated, and biological maturation was determined based on estimated age at peak height velocity. A standardized questionnaire administered during regular class-time was used to assess dietary intake and eating habits. Principal component analysis revealed 3 main factors for food intake (meat/carbohydrates, milk/cereal, water/low fast food), which were used in the analyses. Results: There were no differences in eating habits between boys and girls. Boys, however, displayed higher scores for the meat/CHO factor while their scores for the water/low fast food factor was lower compared to girls. There was no difference in eating habits or dietary intake across maturity tertiles in boys. Late maturing girls, however, reported less frequent lunch and dinner as well as higher milk/cereal factor scores compared to their peers. Conclusion: Biological maturation appears to contribute to changes in dietary intake and eating habits, particularly in girls. Late maturing girls may be at particular risk for irregular eating patterns. Family meals, therefore, may be an important component in the establishment of healthy dietary patterns in adolescents.
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