D. Goldeck, C. Schulte, M. C. Teixeira dos Santos, Dieter Scheller, Lilly Öttinger, G. Pawelec, Christian Deuschle, D. Berg, A. Nogueira da Costa, W. Maetzler
Immune cells are thought to be involved in a destructive cycle of sterile cerebral inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Despite their peripheral origin, immune cells may enter the CNS due to impaired blood–brain barrier function and may potentially contribute to neuronal damage. Hence, specific characteristics of peripherally activated immune cells could help in understanding neurodegeneration in PD and could potentially serve as accessible disease markers. To investigate immune cell activation status, the expression of receptors for cell surface molecules CD161, NKG2A, NKG2C and NKG2D as well as chemokine receptors CCR6, CXCR2, CXCR3 and CCR5 associated with neurodegenerative diseases was investigated. The frequencies of peripheral CD8+ T-cells expressing the inhibitory and activating receptors NKG2A and NKG2C, and the activating receptor NKG2D were higher in PD patients than in healthy matched controls. The frequencies of NKG2C+CD8− cells were also higher, whereas the frequencies of CD161+ cells were not significantly different. Of the chemokine receptor-expressing cells, only the proportion of CD4−CD56+CCR5+ T-cells was higher in PD patients than in the controls. These observations support the hypothesis that an imbalance in the activation state of T-cells plays a role in the pathological processes of PD and suggest that peripheral blood immune cell phenotypes could be specific early markers for inflammation in PD.
{"title":"Higher Frequencies of T-Cells Expressing NK-Cell Markers and Chemokine Receptors in Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"D. Goldeck, C. Schulte, M. C. Teixeira dos Santos, Dieter Scheller, Lilly Öttinger, G. Pawelec, Christian Deuschle, D. Berg, A. Nogueira da Costa, W. Maetzler","doi":"10.3390/jal3010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jal3010001","url":null,"abstract":"Immune cells are thought to be involved in a destructive cycle of sterile cerebral inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Despite their peripheral origin, immune cells may enter the CNS due to impaired blood–brain barrier function and may potentially contribute to neuronal damage. Hence, specific characteristics of peripherally activated immune cells could help in understanding neurodegeneration in PD and could potentially serve as accessible disease markers. To investigate immune cell activation status, the expression of receptors for cell surface molecules CD161, NKG2A, NKG2C and NKG2D as well as chemokine receptors CCR6, CXCR2, CXCR3 and CCR5 associated with neurodegenerative diseases was investigated. The frequencies of peripheral CD8+ T-cells expressing the inhibitory and activating receptors NKG2A and NKG2C, and the activating receptor NKG2D were higher in PD patients than in healthy matched controls. The frequencies of NKG2C+CD8− cells were also higher, whereas the frequencies of CD161+ cells were not significantly different. Of the chemokine receptor-expressing cells, only the proportion of CD4−CD56+CCR5+ T-cells was higher in PD patients than in the controls. These observations support the hypothesis that an imbalance in the activation state of T-cells plays a role in the pathological processes of PD and suggest that peripheral blood immune cell phenotypes could be specific early markers for inflammation in PD.","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70126256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual influenza vaccination is important for older adults to prevent morbidity and mortality from seasonal influenza. Although the United States has had limited success in increasing influenza vaccination, the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 may have changed older adults’ approach to vaccination. The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with influenza vaccination in 2019 and 2020 and compare their degree of associations across the two years. Data from the 2019 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional interview, were collected for variables relating to annual influenza vaccination and possible associated factors. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. The results show that never having received a vaccination for pneumonia increased the odds of receiving an influenza vaccination by 6.79–7.80 times. Recent specialist care for eye or oral health significantly increased the odds of receiving an influenza vaccination. Being a smoker, identifying as African American, and considering oneself to have excellent overall health were associated with significantly lower odds of receiving a vaccination. Although self-reported feelings of anxiety were not associated with vaccination in 2019, they increased the odds in 2020. Overall, influenza vaccination in older adults may be tied to reliable healthcare access and perceived susceptibility to infectious respiratory diseases.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Annual Influenza Vaccination Uptake in U.S. Older Adults from 2019 to 2020","authors":"Margaret Anne Lovier, R. Wong","doi":"10.3390/jal2040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2040028","url":null,"abstract":"Annual influenza vaccination is important for older adults to prevent morbidity and mortality from seasonal influenza. Although the United States has had limited success in increasing influenza vaccination, the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 may have changed older adults’ approach to vaccination. The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with influenza vaccination in 2019 and 2020 and compare their degree of associations across the two years. Data from the 2019 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional interview, were collected for variables relating to annual influenza vaccination and possible associated factors. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. The results show that never having received a vaccination for pneumonia increased the odds of receiving an influenza vaccination by 6.79–7.80 times. Recent specialist care for eye or oral health significantly increased the odds of receiving an influenza vaccination. Being a smoker, identifying as African American, and considering oneself to have excellent overall health were associated with significantly lower odds of receiving a vaccination. Although self-reported feelings of anxiety were not associated with vaccination in 2019, they increased the odds in 2020. Overall, influenza vaccination in older adults may be tied to reliable healthcare access and perceived susceptibility to infectious respiratory diseases.","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44593612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for communication and collaboration increases when an older patient is discharged from the hospital, as the transition of care is complex for older patients living with multiple concurrent diseases. An intervention: The outgoing geriatric team was developed and initiated to address these patients’ complex needs. The outgoing geriatric team aimed to collaborate with healthcare professionals at a skilled nursing facility. This study explored how the intervention was experienced by the healthcare professionals from both the outgoing geriatric team and the skilled nursing facility. The study employed a qualitative explorative design using semi-structured interviews. Fourteen healthcare professionals participated in the interviews. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: (1) The need for personal contact and communication; (2) the need for competent care and sensitive observation; and (3) the need for clarification of responsibilities. The study emphasized the importance of meeting face-to-face during cross-sectoral collaboration when treating and caring for patients with complex care needs.
{"title":"Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives on the Outgoing Geriatric Team: A Qualitative Explorative Study","authors":"Sanne Have Beck, D. Nielsen","doi":"10.3390/jal2040026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2040026","url":null,"abstract":"The need for communication and collaboration increases when an older patient is discharged from the hospital, as the transition of care is complex for older patients living with multiple concurrent diseases. An intervention: The outgoing geriatric team was developed and initiated to address these patients’ complex needs. The outgoing geriatric team aimed to collaborate with healthcare professionals at a skilled nursing facility. This study explored how the intervention was experienced by the healthcare professionals from both the outgoing geriatric team and the skilled nursing facility. The study employed a qualitative explorative design using semi-structured interviews. Fourteen healthcare professionals participated in the interviews. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: (1) The need for personal contact and communication; (2) the need for competent care and sensitive observation; and (3) the need for clarification of responsibilities. The study emphasized the importance of meeting face-to-face during cross-sectoral collaboration when treating and caring for patients with complex care needs.","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45645784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limited studies have investigated the socio-cultural factors influencing the management and control of Meningococcal Meningitis among older adults in Northern Nigeria. This study explored the lived experiences of older individuals with Meningococcal Meningitis and relationships with their caregivers in the Kaiama Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Twenty (20) Meningococcal Meningitis patients aged 65+, their caregivers, and three (3) traditional healers were purposely selected for in-depth interviews. Results show that some older adults believed that their health conditions were caused by supernatural forces, thereby influencing the scope and type of care they receive. For such participants, traditional treatment options are fundamental for addressing the root causes of their ailment. Few participants mentioned that their health conditions were caused by excessive heat in their community and were more likely to consider biomedical treatments as the most effective for diagnosing, treating, and managing the ailment. Additionally, Meningococcal Meningitis might have caused physical, cognitive, and psychological frailties and impairments among the older patients, compelling family caregivers to support the older adult patients in their homes. We discuss the need for a policy that would benefit both those who care for older adults and the older adults themselves.
{"title":"Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing the Perception and Management of Meningitis among Older Patients and Their Caregivers","authors":"K. Mahmoud, M. Issah, Darlingtina K Esiaka","doi":"10.3390/jal2040025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2040025","url":null,"abstract":"Limited studies have investigated the socio-cultural factors influencing the management and control of Meningococcal Meningitis among older adults in Northern Nigeria. This study explored the lived experiences of older individuals with Meningococcal Meningitis and relationships with their caregivers in the Kaiama Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Twenty (20) Meningococcal Meningitis patients aged 65+, their caregivers, and three (3) traditional healers were purposely selected for in-depth interviews. Results show that some older adults believed that their health conditions were caused by supernatural forces, thereby influencing the scope and type of care they receive. For such participants, traditional treatment options are fundamental for addressing the root causes of their ailment. Few participants mentioned that their health conditions were caused by excessive heat in their community and were more likely to consider biomedical treatments as the most effective for diagnosing, treating, and managing the ailment. Additionally, Meningococcal Meningitis might have caused physical, cognitive, and psychological frailties and impairments among the older patients, compelling family caregivers to support the older adult patients in their homes. We discuss the need for a policy that would benefit both those who care for older adults and the older adults themselves.","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47573539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01Epub Date: 2022-12-09DOI: 10.3390/jal2040027
Barton W Palmer, Mariam A Hussain, James B Lohr
Prior research suggests that people with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may experience a form of accelerated biological aging. In other populations, loneliness has been shown to elevate risk for many of the same components of accelerated biological aging, and other deleterious outcomes, as seen in people with PTSD. Although standard diagnostic criteria for PTSD include "feelings of detachment or estrangement from others", the relationship of such feelings to the concept of loneliness remains uncertain, in par potentially due to a failure to distinguish between loneliness versus objective social isolation. In order to catalyze wider research attention to loneliness in PTSD, and the potential contribution to accelerated biological aging, the present paper provides three components: (1) a conceptual overview of the relevant constructs and potential interrelationships, (2) a review of the limited extant empirical literature, and (3) suggested directions for future research. The existing empirical literature is too small to support many definitive conclusions, but there is evidence of an association between loneliness and symptoms of PTSD. The nature of this association may be complex, and the causal direction(s) uncertain. Guided by the conceptual overview and review of existing literature, we also highlight key areas for further research. The ultimate goal of this line of work is to elucidate mechanisms underlying any link between loneliness and accelerated aging in PTSD, and to develop, validate, and refine prevention and treatment efforts.
{"title":"Loneliness in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Neglected Factor in Accelerated Aging?","authors":"Barton W Palmer, Mariam A Hussain, James B Lohr","doi":"10.3390/jal2040027","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jal2040027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research suggests that people with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may experience a form of accelerated biological aging. In other populations, loneliness has been shown to elevate risk for many of the same components of accelerated biological aging, and other deleterious outcomes, as seen in people with PTSD. Although standard diagnostic criteria for PTSD include \"feelings of detachment or estrangement from others\", the relationship of such feelings to the concept of loneliness remains uncertain, in par potentially due to a failure to distinguish between loneliness versus objective social isolation. In order to catalyze wider research attention to loneliness in PTSD, and the potential contribution to accelerated biological aging, the present paper provides three components: (1) a conceptual overview of the relevant constructs and potential interrelationships, (2) a review of the limited extant empirical literature, and (3) suggested directions for future research. The existing empirical literature is too small to support many definitive conclusions, but there is evidence of an association between loneliness and symptoms of PTSD. The nature of this association may be complex, and the causal direction(s) uncertain. Guided by the conceptual overview and review of existing literature, we also highlight key areas for further research. The ultimate goal of this line of work is to elucidate mechanisms underlying any link between loneliness and accelerated aging in PTSD, and to develop, validate, and refine prevention and treatment efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":"2 4","pages":"326-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9783482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10795929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pollyanna Lima, A. Oliveira, L. Reis, A. Lopes, E. Santana, T. Nobre, L. Reis
This article aims to analyze the memories of incarcerated elderly people about family. This is an exploratory and analytical study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in three prison units in Bahia, with 31 incarcerated elderly people, through semi-structured interview. Most are male (30), between 60 to 65-years-old (21), married (12) and with three to four children (10). The results show that the 10 most evoked words were: family; sons; mom; father; women; life; cry; today; brothers; and longing. The study showed that the family constitution is maintained because the experiences that are symbolized in it have socially crystallized definitions as references. Anchored by social frames of memories that remain, since they remain alive in the groups and are permanently maintained. It was also found that the family plays an extremely important role in their lives and that the mother is the central point of this family.
{"title":"Incarcerated Brazilian Elderly: Memories about Family","authors":"Pollyanna Lima, A. Oliveira, L. Reis, A. Lopes, E. Santana, T. Nobre, L. Reis","doi":"10.3390/jal2040024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2040024","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze the memories of incarcerated elderly people about family. This is an exploratory and analytical study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in three prison units in Bahia, with 31 incarcerated elderly people, through semi-structured interview. Most are male (30), between 60 to 65-years-old (21), married (12) and with three to four children (10). The results show that the 10 most evoked words were: family; sons; mom; father; women; life; cry; today; brothers; and longing. The study showed that the family constitution is maintained because the experiences that are symbolized in it have socially crystallized definitions as references. Anchored by social frames of memories that remain, since they remain alive in the groups and are permanently maintained. It was also found that the family plays an extremely important role in their lives and that the mother is the central point of this family.","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46052075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stroke is a progressive disease with remissions and exacerbations; it significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and their family and caregivers. Primary prevention is necessary to reduce the growing incidence of stroke globally. In this study, we determined the risk factors for cerebral infarction in elderly Japanese residents and proposed a primary care strategy to prevent cerebral infarction. We investigated the relationship between the incidence of cerebral infarction and the results of checkups 10 years ago. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the variables related to the occurrence of cerebral infarction in biochemical tests and questionnaires administered ten years ago. Hypertension and abnormal creatinine levels were related to increased risk of cerebral infarction based on our findings of the health checkups conducted 10 years previously. Furthermore, weight gain or loss of >3 kg over the last year and habit of eating an evening meal within 2 h before going to bed were associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction based on the questionnaire results from the specific health checkups. Long-term, large-scale prospective studies are required to determine the specific health items related to increased risk of cerebral infarction.
{"title":"Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Cerebral Infarction Based on Specific Health Checkups in Japan","authors":"Y. Tamaki, Y. Hiratsuka, T. Kumakawa","doi":"10.3390/jal2040023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2040023","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is a progressive disease with remissions and exacerbations; it significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and their family and caregivers. Primary prevention is necessary to reduce the growing incidence of stroke globally. In this study, we determined the risk factors for cerebral infarction in elderly Japanese residents and proposed a primary care strategy to prevent cerebral infarction. We investigated the relationship between the incidence of cerebral infarction and the results of checkups 10 years ago. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the variables related to the occurrence of cerebral infarction in biochemical tests and questionnaires administered ten years ago. Hypertension and abnormal creatinine levels were related to increased risk of cerebral infarction based on our findings of the health checkups conducted 10 years previously. Furthermore, weight gain or loss of >3 kg over the last year and habit of eating an evening meal within 2 h before going to bed were associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction based on the questionnaire results from the specific health checkups. Long-term, large-scale prospective studies are required to determine the specific health items related to increased risk of cerebral infarction.","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47402780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personal identity is often dictated by the social roles a person fulfills (e.g., mother, son, partner, employee, etc.) and these social roles are defined by the greater family unit and surrounding social environments. Monumental events, such as death, often change a person’s social roles and demand a reorganization of the family unit. To provide comprehensive end-of-life care, human services professionals become an integral piece of care provisions as they are trained in serving the mothers, fathers, and children of the world, more so than treating the biological aspects of illness. It is for this reason that understanding the impacts of education on social science majors is important. To date, research on the effects of end-of-life education has largely focused on the negative affect among those in healthcare-related programs, leaving gaps in the literature surrounding the impacts, both negative and positive, of death education on future human services professionals. The current study explores pre–post semester changes in negative and positive affect among social science students (n = 92) enrolled in courses focused on end-of-life compared to those in an aging and human services-focused courses. Using paired and individual samples t-tests, within- and between-group changes were explored. Students in the experimental group reported lower death anxiety scores post-semester (M = 4.34, 95% CI [2.60, 6.08], t(74) = 4.97, p < 0.05), but this was not the case for the control group. Between group differences revealed that students in the experimental group displayed a greater decrease in fear of others dying (x = 4.08, sd = 6.23) than those in the control group (x = 1.24, sd = 0.95) and they reported larger increases in subjective happiness by an average of 0.61 points (sd = 2.42) when compared to those in the control group who reported an average increase of 0.10 points (sd = 2.45). Findings are discussed in terms of within- and between-group differences and suggestions for future research are provided.
{"title":"Death Education among Social Science College Students: The Good, the Bad, and the Unchanged","authors":"J. Zorotovich, A. Cohen","doi":"10.3390/jal2040022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2040022","url":null,"abstract":"Personal identity is often dictated by the social roles a person fulfills (e.g., mother, son, partner, employee, etc.) and these social roles are defined by the greater family unit and surrounding social environments. Monumental events, such as death, often change a person’s social roles and demand a reorganization of the family unit. To provide comprehensive end-of-life care, human services professionals become an integral piece of care provisions as they are trained in serving the mothers, fathers, and children of the world, more so than treating the biological aspects of illness. It is for this reason that understanding the impacts of education on social science majors is important. To date, research on the effects of end-of-life education has largely focused on the negative affect among those in healthcare-related programs, leaving gaps in the literature surrounding the impacts, both negative and positive, of death education on future human services professionals. The current study explores pre–post semester changes in negative and positive affect among social science students (n = 92) enrolled in courses focused on end-of-life compared to those in an aging and human services-focused courses. Using paired and individual samples t-tests, within- and between-group changes were explored. Students in the experimental group reported lower death anxiety scores post-semester (M = 4.34, 95% CI [2.60, 6.08], t(74) = 4.97, p < 0.05), but this was not the case for the control group. Between group differences revealed that students in the experimental group displayed a greater decrease in fear of others dying (x = 4.08, sd = 6.23) than those in the control group (x = 1.24, sd = 0.95) and they reported larger increases in subjective happiness by an average of 0.61 points (sd = 2.42) when compared to those in the control group who reported an average increase of 0.10 points (sd = 2.45). Findings are discussed in terms of within- and between-group differences and suggestions for future research are provided.","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46435443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent levels of dementia literacy in older Australian adults remains relatively unexplored. Our purpose was to identify whether dementia literacy has changed in older Australians, sociodemographic characteristics associated with better literacy, and barriers to dementia risk reduction. A 32-item adapted British Social Attitudes Survey was administered to 834 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 73.3, SD = 6.0, range 65–94) on dementia awareness and knowledge of dementia risk and protective factors. Descriptive analyses, logistic, and multiple linear regressions were used to examine sociodemographic factors on dementia awareness and literacy. Most respondents (61%) were aware of the relationship between different lifestyle factors and dementia risk, with the majority reporting cognitive (85.0%) and physical inactivity (83.4%) as key risk factors. Few were able to identify less well-known factors (e.g., chronic kidney disease; 15.8%). Individuals with higher educational attainment were more likely to agree that dementia is modifiable (OR 1.228, 95% CI 1.02–1.47). Younger age (β = −0.089, 95% CI −0.736–−0.065, p = 0.019) was significantly associated with a higher number of correctly-identified dementia risk factors. Lack of knowledge was the key barrier to hindering dementia risk reduction. A tailored, evidence-informed, population-based lifespan approach targeting dementia literacy may help alleviate commonly reported barriers and support dementia risk reduction.
{"title":"Sociodemographic Associations of Dementia Literacy in Older Australians","authors":"J. Siette, L. Dodds","doi":"10.3390/jal2040021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2040021","url":null,"abstract":"Recent levels of dementia literacy in older Australian adults remains relatively unexplored. Our purpose was to identify whether dementia literacy has changed in older Australians, sociodemographic characteristics associated with better literacy, and barriers to dementia risk reduction. A 32-item adapted British Social Attitudes Survey was administered to 834 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 73.3, SD = 6.0, range 65–94) on dementia awareness and knowledge of dementia risk and protective factors. Descriptive analyses, logistic, and multiple linear regressions were used to examine sociodemographic factors on dementia awareness and literacy. Most respondents (61%) were aware of the relationship between different lifestyle factors and dementia risk, with the majority reporting cognitive (85.0%) and physical inactivity (83.4%) as key risk factors. Few were able to identify less well-known factors (e.g., chronic kidney disease; 15.8%). Individuals with higher educational attainment were more likely to agree that dementia is modifiable (OR 1.228, 95% CI 1.02–1.47). Younger age (β = −0.089, 95% CI −0.736–−0.065, p = 0.019) was significantly associated with a higher number of correctly-identified dementia risk factors. Lack of knowledge was the key barrier to hindering dementia risk reduction. A tailored, evidence-informed, population-based lifespan approach targeting dementia literacy may help alleviate commonly reported barriers and support dementia risk reduction.","PeriodicalId":73588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ageing and longevity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42439203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Boone, Anna H. Davids, D. Joffe, Francesca Arese Lucini, D. Oakley, Madeleine J. Oakley, Matthew Peterson
Background: Cardiovascular disease and dementia represent two health problems that may be causally connected. Studies have shown patients with dementia to have reduced cardiovascular health measures, where patients with dementia also have reduced electrophysiological brain activity as measured by event-related potentials (ERP’s). Few studies have attempted to correlate the two: cardiovascular health and ERP brain activity. The objective of this study is to determine if there are ERP differences between patients with lower versus higher measures of cardiovascular risk. Methods: For 180 patients ages 53 (16) years, Audio P300 ERP amplitudes and latencies (speeds) were measured upon initial patient visit alongside other clinical evaluations. Cardiovascular risk was categorized into good versus poor levels for blood pressure resting and stressed, E/A Ratio, atherosclerosis, and carotid intima-media thickness. Results: Groups with good levels had lower latencies (faster P300′s) and higher amplitudes than those with poor levels across all cardiovascular risk measures, significant to p < 0.05 for most parameters. While both cardiovascular health and P300 metrics decline with age, poor blood pressure and plaque was seen to affect P300 performance across all age groups in this study. Conclusion: These data suggest correlation between brain activity, as measured by the P300, and five standard measures of cardiovascular health and this correlation may begin at an early age. While further explorations are warranted, these results could have implications on the management of preventative medicine by bringing preventative cardiology and brain health together.
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