Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600233
S. S. Popov, M. G. Atlukhanov, A. V. Burdakov, A. A. Ivanov, V. V. Kurkuchekov, A. L. Sanin, D. I. Skovorodin, Yu. A. Trunev, I. V. Shikhovtsev
Abstract
A short review of the studies carried out at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP SB RAS) on the photon neutralization of the beams of negative ions is presented. The principal distinctive feature of the presented approach consists in the nonresonant accumulation of photons in a limited space. Their confinement is based on the adiabatic motion of photons in a system of concave mirrors, which is insensitive to the quality of the injected radiation. An analysis is carried out of the possibility of using the neutralizer based on such a nonresonant photon trap in large-scale installations such as ITER and TRT, and a future experiment is described on the photon neutralization using a beam of negative hydrogen ions with energy up to 130 keV and a current of about 10 mA.
{"title":"Study of the Method of Photon Neutralization of Powerful Beams of Negative Ions at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics","authors":"S. S. Popov, M. G. Atlukhanov, A. V. Burdakov, A. A. Ivanov, V. V. Kurkuchekov, A. L. Sanin, D. I. Skovorodin, Yu. A. Trunev, I. V. Shikhovtsev","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x24600233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x24600233","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A short review of the studies carried out at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP SB RAS) on the photon neutralization of the beams of negative ions is presented. The principal distinctive feature of the presented approach consists in the nonresonant accumulation of photons in a limited space. Their confinement is based on the adiabatic motion of photons in a system of concave mirrors, which is insensitive to the quality of the injected radiation. An analysis is carried out of the possibility of using the neutralizer based on such a nonresonant photon trap in large-scale installations such as ITER and TRT, and a future experiment is described on the photon neutralization using a beam of negative hydrogen ions with energy up to 130 keV and a current of about 10 mA.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600051
A. V. Arzhannikov, S. L. Sinitsky, D. A. Samtsov, I. V. Timofeev, E. S. Sandalov, S. S. Popov, M. G. Atlukhanov, M. A. Makarov, P. V. Kalinin, K. N. Kuklin, A. F. Rovenskikh, V. D. Stepanov
Abstract
This paper reports on the generation of a directed flux of electromagnetic radiation with an energy content of 10 J in the frequency range of 0.2–0.3 THz at a microsecond pulse duration in a beam–plasma system. The flux is generated when a relativistic electron beam (REB) pumps electron plasma waves in a magnetized plasma column. In the described experiments, this fundamentally new approach to generate terahertz radiation was carried out at the GOL-PET facility in the conditions of varying the beam current density and the plasma density in the appropriate ranges of 1–2 kA/cm2 and 1014–1015 cm–3. From the comparison of the flux energy spectrum measured experimentally in the frequency range 0.15–0.45 THz with the calculated one obtained using the previously proposed model of radiation generation in a beam–plasma system it was shown that this process occurs through resonant pumping by REB of precisely the branch of upper-hybrid plasma waves. Mastering this new method to generate terahertz radiation opens the prospect of its use to obtain multi-megawatt radiation fluxes in the frequency range up to 1 terahertz and higher. For such a development approach the most promising beam for pumping plasma oscillations seems to be a kiloampere REB generated in a linear induction accelerator.
{"title":"The Frequency Spectrum and Energy Content in a Pulse Flux of Terahertz Radiation Generated by a Relativistic Electron Beam in a Plasma Column with Different Density Distributions","authors":"A. V. Arzhannikov, S. L. Sinitsky, D. A. Samtsov, I. V. Timofeev, E. S. Sandalov, S. S. Popov, M. G. Atlukhanov, M. A. Makarov, P. V. Kalinin, K. N. Kuklin, A. F. Rovenskikh, V. D. Stepanov","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x24600051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x24600051","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper reports on the generation of a directed flux of electromagnetic radiation with an energy content of 10 J in the frequency range of 0.2–0.3 THz at a microsecond pulse duration in a beam–plasma system. The flux is generated when a relativistic electron beam (REB) pumps electron plasma waves in a magnetized plasma column. In the described experiments, this fundamentally new approach to generate terahertz radiation was carried out at the GOL-PET facility in the conditions of varying the beam current density and the plasma density in the appropriate ranges of 1–2 kA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 10<sup>14</sup>–10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>–3</sup>. From the comparison of the flux energy spectrum measured experimentally in the frequency range 0.15–0.45 THz with the calculated one obtained using the previously proposed model of radiation generation in a beam–plasma system it was shown that this process occurs through resonant pumping by REB of precisely the branch of upper-hybrid plasma waves. Mastering this new method to generate terahertz radiation opens the prospect of its use to obtain multi-megawatt radiation fluxes in the frequency range up to 1 terahertz and higher. For such a development approach the most promising beam for pumping plasma oscillations seems to be a kiloampere REB generated in a linear induction accelerator.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600099
N. S. Zhiltsov, G. S. Kurskiev, V. A. Solovey, E. E. Tkachenko, S. Yu. Tolstyakov, I. M. Balachenkov, N. N. Bakharev, V. I. Varfolomeev, A. V. Voronin, V. K. Gusev, V. Yu. Goryainov, V. V. D’yachenko, N. V. Ermakov, A. A. Kavin, E. O. Kiselev, A. N. Konovalov, S. V. Krikunov, V. B. Minaev, A. B. Mineev, I. V. Miroshnikov, E. E. Mukhin, A. N. Novokhatsky, M. I. Patrov, Yu. V. Petrov, A. M. Ponomarenko, N. V. Sakharov, O. M. Skrekel’, V. V. Solokha, A. Yu. Telnova, V. A. Tokarev, E. A. Tukhmeneva, S. V. Filippov, N. A. Khromov, P. B. Shchegolev, K. D. Shulyatiev, A. Yu. Yashin
Abstract
The results of measuring the electron temperature and density spatial distributions in plasma of the Globus-M2 tokamak using the Thomson scattering diagnostics are presented. The diagnostics provides measurements throughout the entire tokamak discharge, starting from time of gas breakdown. The Thomson scattering data were analyzed in order to determine the positions of the last closed flux surface, the plasma magnetic axis, and the radius of inversion during the saw-tooth oscillations. The results of measurements performed during the internal reconnection of magnetic field lines are presents, as well as the dynamics of spatial distributions of electron temperature, density and pressure during the plasma transition to the H-mode. The results of measuring the electron temperature distribution in the scrape-off layer using the Thomson scattering diagnostics are also presented for distances up to 4 cm outside the last closed flux surface.
{"title":"Distinctive Features of Measuring Te and ne Spatial Distributions in the Globus-M2 Spherical Tokamak Using Method of Thomson Scattering of Laser Radiation","authors":"N. S. Zhiltsov, G. S. Kurskiev, V. A. Solovey, E. E. Tkachenko, S. Yu. Tolstyakov, I. M. Balachenkov, N. N. Bakharev, V. I. Varfolomeev, A. V. Voronin, V. K. Gusev, V. Yu. Goryainov, V. V. D’yachenko, N. V. Ermakov, A. A. Kavin, E. O. Kiselev, A. N. Konovalov, S. V. Krikunov, V. B. Minaev, A. B. Mineev, I. V. Miroshnikov, E. E. Mukhin, A. N. Novokhatsky, M. I. Patrov, Yu. V. Petrov, A. M. Ponomarenko, N. V. Sakharov, O. M. Skrekel’, V. V. Solokha, A. Yu. Telnova, V. A. Tokarev, E. A. Tukhmeneva, S. V. Filippov, N. A. Khromov, P. B. Shchegolev, K. D. Shulyatiev, A. Yu. Yashin","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x24600099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x24600099","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of measuring the electron temperature and density spatial distributions in plasma of the Globus-M2 tokamak using the Thomson scattering diagnostics are presented. The diagnostics provides measurements throughout the entire tokamak discharge, starting from time of gas breakdown. The Thomson scattering data were analyzed in order to determine the positions of the last closed flux surface, the plasma magnetic axis, and the radius of inversion during the saw-tooth oscillations. The results of measurements performed during the internal reconnection of magnetic field lines are presents, as well as the dynamics of spatial distributions of electron temperature, density and pressure during the plasma transition to the H-mode. The results of measuring the electron temperature distribution in the scrape-off layer using the Thomson scattering diagnostics are also presented for distances up to 4 cm outside the last closed flux surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600208
N. V. Kasyanova, Yu. N. Dnestrovskij, A. V. Melnikov
Abstract
The canonical profiles transport model (CPTM), whose coefficients were determined from the T‑10 tokamak database with a standard magnetic field BT = 2.3–2.5 T, has shown its robustness in ohmic regimes with a reduced magnetic field BT = 1.55–2.1 T. We used the CPTM for predictions of radial profiles and dependences of the electron and ion temperatures and the energy confinement time on the average plasma density for the T-15MD tokamak at the initial stage of its operation: the ohmic regime in a circular limiter configuration with BT = 1.0 – 2.0 T and plasma current Ip < 1 MA.
摘要典型剖面输运模型（CPTM）的系数是根据标准磁场BT=2.3-2.5 T的T-10托卡马克数据库确定的。我们使用 CPTM 预测了 T-15MD 托卡马克运行初始阶段的径向剖面以及电子和离子温度和能量约束时间对平均等离子体密度的依赖关系：BT = 1.0 - 2.0 T 和等离子体电流 Ip < 1 MA 的圆形限制器配置中的欧姆状态。
{"title":"Simulation of an Ohmic Regime in the T-15MD Tokamak Based on the Canonical Profile Transport Model","authors":"N. V. Kasyanova, Yu. N. Dnestrovskij, A. V. Melnikov","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x24600208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x24600208","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The canonical profiles transport model (CPTM), whose coefficients were determined from the T‑10 tokamak database with a standard magnetic field <i>B</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> = 2.3–2.5 T, has shown its robustness in ohmic regimes with a reduced magnetic field <i>B</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> = 1.55–2.1 T. We used the CPTM for predictions of radial profiles and dependences of the electron and ion temperatures and the energy confinement time on the average plasma density for the T-15MD tokamak at the initial stage of its operation: the ohmic regime in a circular limiter configuration with <i>B</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> = 1.0 – 2.0 T and plasma current <i>I</i><sub><i>p</i></sub> < 1 MA.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600166
N. N. Bogachev, I. L. Bogdankevich, S. E. Andreev, N. G. Gusein-zade, M. S. Usachonak
Abstract
The radiation of signal by the plasma asymmetrical dipole antenna is studied for two methods of its excitation. Earlier, it was shown that the 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the input signal frequency in the radiation spectrum of the plasma antenna are 10–20 dB stronger than those of a metal antenna with the same geometry. In this work, we study experimentally and by computer simulations the effect of the method of excitation of the plasma asymmetrical dipole antenna on the spectral characteristics of the signal that it radiates. For the two excitation methods of the antenna, through an electrode and through a coaxial coupler, it was shown that the strength of the signal components at the frequency of the radiated signal and its multiple harmonics is different. The introduction of the coaxial coupler in the antenna excitation scheme allowed us to improve the coupling at the input signal frequency and decrease its components at the 2nd and 3rd harmonics. For the plasma antenna with the coaxial coupler, the difference between the 1st and 2nd harmonics was increased by almost 6 dB, and between the 1st and the 3rd ones by almost 20 dB compared to the antenna excitation scheme through the electrode.
{"title":"Effect of the Method of Excitation of the Plasma Antenna on the Spectral Characteristics of the Radiated Signal","authors":"N. N. Bogachev, I. L. Bogdankevich, S. E. Andreev, N. G. Gusein-zade, M. S. Usachonak","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x24600166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x24600166","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The radiation of signal by the plasma asymmetrical dipole antenna is studied for two methods of its excitation. Earlier, it was shown that the 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the input signal frequency in the radiation spectrum of the plasma antenna are 10–20 dB stronger than those of a metal antenna with the same geometry. In this work, we study experimentally and by computer simulations the effect of the method of excitation of the plasma asymmetrical dipole antenna on the spectral characteristics of the signal that it radiates. For the two excitation methods of the antenna, through an electrode and through a coaxial coupler, it was shown that the strength of the signal components at the frequency of the radiated signal and its multiple harmonics is different. The introduction of the coaxial coupler in the antenna excitation scheme allowed us to improve the coupling at the input signal frequency and decrease its components at the 2nd and 3rd harmonics. For the plasma antenna with the coaxial coupler, the difference between the 1st and 2nd harmonics was increased by almost 6 dB, and between the 1st and the 3rd ones by almost 20 dB compared to the antenna excitation scheme through the electrode.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600178
V. N. Kolokoltsev, V. Ya. Nikulin, P. V. Silin, I. V. Borovitskaya, E. N. Peregudova, A. I. Gaidar, L. I. Kobeleva, A. M. Mezrin, A. A. Eriskin
Abstract
The results of experiments are presented on the deposition onto silicate glasses of thin refractory-metal-films: molybdenum, tantalum and tungsten. The technique used for manufacturing films was based on the deposition of metal-containing plasma formed when exposing the surface of foils made of refractory metals to high-power plasma and ion pulses. For generation of such pulses, the facility of plasma focus type was used, which makes it possible to obtain ion beams and plasma flows with the energy flux density in the range of 1010–1012 W/cm2. The most intense central part of the ion-plasma flow was separated using metal di-aphragms with aperture diameters of 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 mm. Metal Mo, Ta and W films with dimensions of ∅3–5 mm were obtained on the surfaces of glasses. Metal films are characterized by good adhesion, since they coalesce with the glass surface. It was discovered that the planarity of films becomes violated due to the drift of molten metal particles under the glass surface. The relief of films is non-uniform, which can be explained by the presence of micrometer-sized metal particles in the plasma flow.
摘要 介绍了在硅酸盐玻璃上沉积钼、钽和钨等难熔金属薄膜的实验结果。薄膜制造技术的基础是将难熔金属箔表面暴露于大功率等离子体和离子脉冲时形成的含金属等离子体的沉积。为产生这种脉冲，使用了等离子体聚焦型设备，从而可以获得能量通量密度在 1010-1012 W/cm2 范围内的离子束和等离子体流。使用孔径分别为 2.5 毫米、3.5 毫米和 4.5 毫米的金属双隔膜分离了离子-等离子流最强烈的中心部分。在玻璃表面获得了尺寸为 ∅3-5 mm 的金属 Mo、Ta 和 W 薄膜。金属膜具有良好的附着力，因为它们与玻璃表面凝聚在一起。研究发现，由于熔融金属颗粒在玻璃表面下漂移，薄膜的平面性受到破坏。薄膜的浮雕是不均匀的，这可以用等离子体流中存在微米大小的金属颗粒来解释。
{"title":"Deposition of Thin Refractory-Metal-Films onto Glasses through Diaphragms at Plasma Focus Facility","authors":"V. N. Kolokoltsev, V. Ya. Nikulin, P. V. Silin, I. V. Borovitskaya, E. N. Peregudova, A. I. Gaidar, L. I. Kobeleva, A. M. Mezrin, A. A. Eriskin","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x24600178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x24600178","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of experiments are presented on the deposition onto silicate glasses of thin refractory-metal-films: molybdenum, tantalum and tungsten. The technique used for manufacturing films was based on the deposition of metal-containing plasma formed when exposing the surface of foils made of refractory metals to high-power plasma and ion pulses. For generation of such pulses, the facility of plasma focus type was used, which makes it possible to obtain ion beams and plasma flows with the energy flux density in the range of 10<sup>10</sup>–10<sup>12</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup>. The most intense central part of the ion-plasma flow was separated using metal di-aphragms with aperture diameters of 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 mm. Metal Mo, Ta and W films with dimensions of ∅3–5 mm were obtained on the surfaces of glasses. Metal films are characterized by good adhesion, since they coalesce with the glass surface. It was discovered that the planarity of films becomes violated due to the drift of molten metal particles under the glass surface. The relief of films is non-uniform, which can be explained by the presence of micrometer-sized metal particles in the plasma flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600117
A. N. Bocharov, E. A. Mareev, N. A. Popov
Abstract
We present a numerical model of the main stage of a lightning discharge. Within the framework of the developed model, evolution of parameters of the current channel upon the return stroke (the lightning main stage) is described by the system of equations governing conservation of mass, momentum, total energy, along with the transmission-line equations for determining the electric potential and the total current in each channel cross section. The main characteristics of lightning at the stage of the return stroke detectable experimentally, such as gas heating in the channel to temperatures in the range of 10–40 kK, the fundamental possibility of propagation of the potential-gradient wave at a speed varying from several hundredth to several tenths of the speed of light, and the possibility of the return-stroke wave propagating a relatively long distance without substantial attenuation, are demonstrated numerically. The conclusion that the developed physical and numerical model of the lightning discharge describes physical processes that occur under real conditions qualitatively correctly can be drawn based on the results on simulation of lightning discharges of various intensity.
摘要 我们提出了一个雷电放电主要阶段的数值模型。在所开发模型的框架内，质量、动量、总能量守恒方程组以及确定每个通道截面上电动势和总电流的传输线方程组描述了回击（闪电主要阶段）时电流通道参数的演变。实验中可探测到的闪电在回击阶段的主要特征，如通道中的气体加热到 10-40 kK 的温度，电势梯度波以光速的几百分之一到几十分之一的速度传播的基本可能性，以及回击波在没有大量衰减的情况下传播相对较远的距离的可能性，都通过数值方法得到了证明。根据对不同强度闪电放电的模拟结果，可以得出这样的结论，即所开发的闪电放电物理和数值模型定性地正确描述了真实条件下发生的物理过程。
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Main Stage of a Lightning","authors":"A. N. Bocharov, E. A. Mareev, N. A. Popov","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x24600117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x24600117","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We present a numerical model of the main stage of a lightning discharge. Within the framework of the developed model, evolution of parameters of the current channel upon the return stroke (the lightning main stage) is described by the system of equations governing conservation of mass, momentum, total energy, along with the transmission-line equations for determining the electric potential and the total current in each channel cross section. The main characteristics of lightning at the stage of the return stroke detectable experimentally, such as gas heating in the channel to temperatures in the range of 10–40 kK, the fundamental possibility of propagation of the potential-gradient wave at a speed varying from several hundredth to several tenths of the speed of light, and the possibility of the return-stroke wave propagating a relatively long distance without substantial attenuation, are demonstrated numerically. The conclusion that the developed physical and numerical model of the lightning discharge describes physical processes that occur under real conditions qualitatively correctly can be drawn based on the results on simulation of lightning discharges of various intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600129
K. N. Kornev, A. A. Logunov, O. S. Surkont, T. R. Abushaev, A. L. Volynets, S. A. Dvinin
Abstract
A microwave discharge in high-velocity (150–250 m/s) air flows induced on a half-wave vibrator is studied. A cw magnetron microwave generator with a frequency of 2.45 GHz and an output power of up to 5 kW was used for initiation of the microwave discharge. The high-speed video imaging was used for studying the discharge structure, determining the diameter and length of the plasma channel as a function of flow velocity and pressure. Electron concentration and temperature, along with characteristic gas temperature, were determined based on the optical spectra. The possibility of using this microwave discharge for ignition of hydrocarbon–air mixtures in combustion chambers of ramjet engines is proved experimentally.
{"title":"A Microwave Discharge in High-Velocity Flows Initiated by a Half-Wave Antenna","authors":"K. N. Kornev, A. A. Logunov, O. S. Surkont, T. R. Abushaev, A. L. Volynets, S. A. Dvinin","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x24600129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x24600129","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A microwave discharge in high-velocity (150–250 m/s) air flows induced on a half-wave vibrator is studied. A cw magnetron microwave generator with a frequency of 2.45 GHz and an output power of up to 5 kW was used for initiation of the microwave discharge. The high-speed video imaging was used for studying the discharge structure, determining the diameter and length of the plasma channel as a function of flow velocity and pressure. Electron concentration and temperature, along with characteristic gas temperature, were determined based on the optical spectra. The possibility of using this microwave discharge for ignition of hydrocarbon–air mixtures in combustion chambers of ramjet engines is proved experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x2460021x
V. A. Vershkov, D. V. Sarychev, D. A. Shelukhin, A. R. Nemets, S. V. Mirnov, I. E. Lyublinski, A. V. Vertkov, M. Yu. Zharkov
Abstract
The results of experiments at the T-10 tokamak using lithium capillary-porous structures are presented. It is shown that lithium sputtering under conditions of graphite diaphragms can significantly reduce deuterium recycling and the level of impurities in the plasma. At the same time, recycling increases significantly five discharges after the start of the day of the experiment, and the effect of reducing the level of impurities persists for 150–300 discharges. The results of using a capillary-porous structure with lithium filling as a movable rail diaphragm in the T-10 configuration with tungsten main diaphragms are presented. The introduction of a lithium diaphragm into the SOL region makes it possible to reduce recycling and obtain discharges with an effective plasma charge approaching unity. In this case, the effect increases as the lithium sputtered in the chamber is accumulated. It is shown experimentally that a capillary-porous structure with lithium filling can be used as a main diaphragm with longitudinal plasma heat fluxes up to 3.6 MW/m2. However, a necessary condition is the complete impregnation of the porous structure with lithium and the prevention of extrusion of lithium into the discharge as a result of the interaction of the current flowing to the diaphragm with the toroidal magnetic field. Experiments have shown that to obtain discharges with a small lithium admixture, a strong gas injection of deuterium or impurity is required to reduce the temperature of the plasma periphery and effective cooling of the diaphragm below 450°C. Otherwise, the diaphragm transfers into a strong evaporation mode with high lithium flows, which lead to a significant increase in the lithium concentration in the plasma. Strong evaporation reduces the heat inflow and stabilizes the diaphragm temperature.
{"title":"Use of Lithium Capillary Structures in Ohmic Discharges of T-10 Tokamak","authors":"V. A. Vershkov, D. V. Sarychev, D. A. Shelukhin, A. R. Nemets, S. V. Mirnov, I. E. Lyublinski, A. V. Vertkov, M. Yu. Zharkov","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x2460021x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x2460021x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of experiments at the T-10 tokamak using lithium capillary-porous structures are presented. It is shown that lithium sputtering under conditions of graphite diaphragms can significantly reduce deuterium recycling and the level of impurities in the plasma. At the same time, recycling increases significantly five discharges after the start of the day of the experiment, and the effect of reducing the level of impurities persists for 150–300 discharges. The results of using a capillary-porous structure with lithium filling as a movable rail diaphragm in the T-10 configuration with tungsten main diaphragms are presented. The introduction of a lithium diaphragm into the SOL region makes it possible to reduce recycling and obtain discharges with an effective plasma charge approaching unity. In this case, the effect increases as the lithium sputtered in the chamber is accumulated. It is shown experimentally that a capillary-porous structure with lithium filling can be used as a main diaphragm with longitudinal plasma heat fluxes up to 3.6 MW/m<sup>2</sup>. However, a necessary condition is the complete impregnation of the porous structure with lithium and the prevention of extrusion of lithium into the discharge as a result of the interaction of the current flowing to the diaphragm with the toroidal magnetic field. Experiments have shown that to obtain discharges with a small lithium admixture, a strong gas injection of deuterium or impurity is required to reduce the temperature of the plasma periphery and effective cooling of the diaphragm below 450°C. Otherwise, the diaphragm transfers into a strong evaporation mode with high lithium flows, which lead to a significant increase in the lithium concentration in the plasma. Strong evaporation reduces the heat inflow and stabilizes the diaphragm temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141061146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x23602018
A. V. Siasko, T. V. Gurkova, M. V. Balabas, Yu. B. Golubovskii
Abstract
The work describes the possibility of using a conducting fluid model (single-fluid model) to analyze physical phenomena observed in the inhomogeneous gas discharge plasma. A technique for calculation of the heat fluxes and temperature fields in a discharge in a cylindrical glass tube with metal sections is proposed. The presence of metal sections leads to a change in the thermal balance in the plasma volume. Specific calculations have been carried out for conditions with significantly different thermal conductivity coefficients of gases (argon and helium) and metals (steel and copper). Two cases of the discharge state—diffuse and constricted—are considered. Spatial distributions of heat sources, temperature fields and heat fluxes depending on the gas type, and discharge tube configuration are presented. The considered discharge configuration and the proposed calculation method can be useful for practical applications, for example, in laser physics.
{"title":"About the Current Flow in a Discharge Tube with a Metal Section. Analysis of the Thermal Balance","authors":"A. V. Siasko, T. V. Gurkova, M. V. Balabas, Yu. B. Golubovskii","doi":"10.1134/s1063780x23602018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x23602018","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The work describes the possibility of using a conducting fluid model (single-fluid model) to analyze physical phenomena observed in the inhomogeneous gas discharge plasma. A technique for calculation of the heat fluxes and temperature fields in a discharge in a cylindrical glass tube with metal sections is proposed. The presence of metal sections leads to a change in the thermal balance in the plasma volume. Specific calculations have been carried out for conditions with significantly different thermal conductivity coefficients of gases (argon and helium) and metals (steel and copper). Two cases of the discharge state—diffuse and constricted—are considered. Spatial distributions of heat sources, temperature fields and heat fluxes depending on the gas type, and discharge tube configuration are presented. The considered discharge configuration and the proposed calculation method can be useful for practical applications, for example, in laser physics.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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