Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100165
S.M. Krishna Mohan M , Asish Vijayaraghavan , Soumya Sundaram , Sruthi S. Nair , Sajith Sukumaran
Background
The neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are well established, but limited understanding of the post-infectious neurological complications of COVID-19 (PINCC) contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Hence in this study, we aimed to describe the clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological spectrum and outcome of PINCC from a tertiary referral center.
Methods
We identified 18 cases with diverse neurological manifestations following recovery from an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The neurological manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging findings of the brain and spinal cord, nerve conduction studies, and the treatment and outcome data were collected from electronic medical records.
Results
The mean age of presentation was 47± 18.5 years, and 11 patients (61 %) were male. For 11 (61 %) patients, prior COVID-19 symptoms were minimal or absent. The mean time to onset of neurological manifestations was 3 weeks after COVID-19 infection (range 1–8 weeks). 14 patients (77.8 %) had central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, and 4 (22.2 %) had peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations. The CNS manifestations included cerebrovascular events in 7, demyelination in 4, and aseptic meningitis, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and disseminated tuberculosis in one case each. PNS manifestations were Guillain-Barré syndrome, mononeuritis multiplex, asymmetric polyradiculoneuropathy, and isolated diaphragm palsy in one patient each.
Conclusion
Post-infectious neurological complications of COVID-19 can involve both central and peripheral nervous system and is independent of the severity of acute infection.
{"title":"Post-infectious neurological complications of COVID-19 – A tertiary care center experience","authors":"S.M. Krishna Mohan M , Asish Vijayaraghavan , Soumya Sundaram , Sruthi S. Nair , Sajith Sukumaran","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are well established, but limited understanding of the post-infectious neurological complications of COVID-19 (PINCC) contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Hence in this study, we aimed to describe the clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological spectrum and outcome of PINCC from a tertiary referral center.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We identified 18 cases with diverse neurological manifestations following recovery from an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The neurological manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging findings of the brain and spinal cord, nerve conduction studies, and the treatment and outcome data were collected from electronic medical records.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean age of presentation was 47± 18.5 years, and 11 patients (61 %) were male. For 11 (61 %) patients, prior COVID-19 symptoms were minimal or absent. The mean time to onset of neurological manifestations was 3 weeks after COVID-19 infection (range 1–8 weeks). 14 patients (77.8 %) had central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, and 4 (22.2 %) had peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations. The CNS manifestations included cerebrovascular events in 7, demyelination in 4, and aseptic meningitis, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and disseminated tuberculosis in one case each. PNS manifestations were Guillain-Barré syndrome, mononeuritis multiplex, asymmetric polyradiculoneuropathy, and isolated diaphragm palsy in one patient each.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Post-infectious neurological complications of COVID-19 can involve both central and peripheral nervous system and is independent of the severity of acute infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50189707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100164
D.A.T. Hanssen , D.M.E. Pagen , J. Penders , S. Brinkhues , N.H.T.M. Dukers-Muijrers , C.J.P.A. Hoebe , P.H.M. Savelkoul , I.H.M. van Loo
Introduction
Higher antibody levels, in particular antibodies directed against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, protect against re-infection with SARS-CoV-2. Quantitative antibody response data provide insight into population immunity and are essential for decision-making on booster-vaccination strategies. We aimed to identify predictors for higher antibody responses such as gender, age, experienced COVID-19-compatible symptoms, disease severity and exposure to pre-determined risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.
Materials and methods
Quantitative anti-S-RBD responses were analysed in seropositive vaccine-naive individuals (n = 1,857) from a study population of 10,001 adults, including healthcare workers (n = 211) and individuals with a known date of a positive PCR (n = 214). Regression models tested associations between age, gender, the period of symptoms, disease severity, pre-identified exposure factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, and anti-S-RBD responses.
Results
Symptoms of more severe disease (fever and/or dyspnoea: OR 2.42 [95%CI 1.76–3.34], and hospital admission: OR 11.41 [95%CI 4.66–27.97]), and a longer interval between COVID-19-compatible symptoms and serum collection (OR 3.17 [95%CI 1.32–7.63]) were predictive for anti-S-RBD levels ≥300 U/mL. Working in healthcare was inversely associated with anti-S-RBD levels ≥300 U/mL (OR 0.51 [95%CI 0.31–0.82]). None of the pre-identified exposure factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity could be identified as predictive of higher anti-S-RBD responses.
Conclusion
No exposure factors were identified as predictors of higher neutralising antibody responses. Nevertheless, higher neutralising antibody levels in individuals with more severe symptoms suggest better immunological protection against SARS-CoV-2 re-infection. In seroprevalence studies, that mainly include asymptomatic or mildly infected individuals, the determination of quantitative antibody responses may help in the interpretation of population immunity.
{"title":"Exposure factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity are not predictive for higher humoral immune responses: A cross-sectional cohort study in the general population","authors":"D.A.T. Hanssen , D.M.E. Pagen , J. Penders , S. Brinkhues , N.H.T.M. Dukers-Muijrers , C.J.P.A. Hoebe , P.H.M. Savelkoul , I.H.M. van Loo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Higher antibody levels, in particular antibodies directed against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, protect against re-infection with SARS-CoV-2. Quantitative antibody response data provide insight into population immunity and are essential for decision-making on booster-vaccination strategies. We aimed to identify predictors for higher antibody responses such as gender, age, experienced COVID-19-compatible symptoms, disease severity and exposure to pre-determined risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Quantitative anti-S-RBD responses were analysed in seropositive vaccine-naive individuals (<em>n</em> = 1,857) from a study population of 10,001 adults, including healthcare workers (<em>n</em> = 211) and individuals with a known date of a positive PCR (<em>n</em> = 214). Regression models tested associations between age, gender, the period of symptoms, disease severity, pre-identified exposure factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, and anti-S-RBD responses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Symptoms of more severe disease (fever and/or dyspnoea: OR 2.42 [95%CI 1.76–3.34], and hospital admission: OR 11.41 [95%CI 4.66–27.97]), and a longer interval between COVID-19-compatible symptoms and serum collection (OR 3.17 [95%CI 1.32–7.63]) were predictive for anti-S-RBD levels ≥300 U/mL. Working in healthcare was inversely associated with anti-S-RBD levels ≥300 U/mL (OR 0.51 [95%CI 0.31–0.82]). None of the pre-identified exposure factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity could be identified as predictive of higher anti-S-RBD responses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>No exposure factors were identified as predictors of higher neutralising antibody responses. Nevertheless, higher neutralising antibody levels in individuals with more severe symptoms suggest better immunological protection against SARS-CoV-2 re-infection. In seroprevalence studies, that mainly include asymptomatic or mildly infected individuals, the determination of quantitative antibody responses may help in the interpretation of population immunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44178072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100156
Sulaimon Akanmu , Bobby Brooke Herrera , Beth Chaplin , Sade Ogunsola , Akin Osibogun , Fatima Onawoga , Sarah John-Olabode , Iorhen E. Akase , Augustina Nwosu , Donald J. Hamel , Charlotte A. Chang , Phyllis J. Kanki
Background
Early evidence suggested that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was less severe in Africa compared to other parts of the world. However, more recent studies indicate higher SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent than previously documented. Research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in Africa.
Methods
In early 2021, we studied the immune responses in healthcare workers (HCWs) at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (n = 134) and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine recipients from the general population (n = 116) across five local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Western blots were used to simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid (N) antibodies (n = 250), and stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with N followed by an IFN-γ ELISA was used to examine T cell responses (n = 114).
Results
Antibody data demonstrated high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 72·4% (97/134) in HCWs and 60·3% (70/116) in the general population. Antibodies directed to only SARS-CoV-2 N, suggesting pre-existing coronavirus immunity, were seen in 9·7% (13/134) of HCWs and 15·5% (18/116) of the general population. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N (n = 114) were robust in detecting exposure to the virus, demonstrating 87·5% sensitivity and 92·9% specificity in a subset of control samples tested. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N were also observed in 83.3% of individuals with N-only antibodies, further suggesting that prior non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection may provide cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusions
These results have important implications for understanding the paradoxically high SARS-CoV-2 infection with low mortality rate in Africa and supports the need to better understand the implications of SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity.
{"title":"High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses","authors":"Sulaimon Akanmu , Bobby Brooke Herrera , Beth Chaplin , Sade Ogunsola , Akin Osibogun , Fatima Onawoga , Sarah John-Olabode , Iorhen E. Akase , Augustina Nwosu , Donald J. Hamel , Charlotte A. Chang , Phyllis J. Kanki","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Early evidence suggested that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was less severe in Africa compared to other parts of the world. However, more recent studies indicate higher SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent than previously documented. Research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in Africa.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In early 2021, we studied the immune responses in healthcare workers (HCWs) at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (<em>n</em> = 134) and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine recipients from the general population (<em>n</em> = 116) across five local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Western blots were used to simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid (N) antibodies (<em>n</em> = 250), and stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with N followed by an IFN-γ ELISA was used to examine T cell responses (<em>n</em> = 114).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Antibody data demonstrated high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 72·4% (97/134) in HCWs and 60·3% (70/116) in the general population. Antibodies directed to only SARS-CoV-2 N, suggesting pre-existing coronavirus immunity, were seen in 9·7% (13/134) of HCWs and 15·5% (18/116) of the general population. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N (<em>n</em> = 114) were robust in detecting exposure to the virus, demonstrating 87·5% sensitivity and 92·9% specificity in a subset of control samples tested. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N were also observed in 83.3% of individuals with N-only antibodies, further suggesting that prior non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection may provide cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results have important implications for understanding the paradoxically high SARS-CoV-2 infection with low mortality rate in Africa and supports the need to better understand the implications of SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10289822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100161
Olivia Kay , Matthias E Futschik , Elena Turek , David Chapman , Simon Carr , Malur Sudhanva , Paul E. Klapper , Tony Cox , Michael Hill , Joanna Cole-Hamilton , Peter Marks , Sarah A Tunkel , Timothy Peto , Lindsey Davies , Tom Fowler
Background
Saliva has been considered a suitable sample material for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA testing, but uncertainty remained regarding sensitivity and reliability of different saliva collection methods.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the potential utility of expectorated saliva (ES) and drooled saliva (DS) for community mass testing.
Study design
Self-collected ES and DS samples were obtained in a prospective cohort study with 2,878 participants. The utility of saliva for SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing was assessed by comparing the capacity to detect SARS-CoV-2 positive cases with results for self-collected combined throat and nose (CTN) swabs. Additionally, quantification cycle (Cq) values were compared.
Results
ES- and DS-based tests showed the same high level of concordance (98% vs 98%) with CTN swab-based results. Sensitivity was higher for DS (94%) than for ES (83%) or CTN swab (90%) but differences were statistically not significant. Comparing only symptomatic cases, however, a significantly higher sensitivity of DS (96%) than of ES (76%) or CTN swab (91%) was observed. Cq values of saliva and swab specimen were significantly correlated and appeared to be not impacted by age or other potentially confounding factors.
Conclusions
Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing showed high diagnostic accuracy and can be considered an alternative where swabbing may not be tolerated or operationally feasible. DS yielded the same or better diagnostic performance compared to ES and may present a preferred option with reduced aerosol risk and increased compliance.
{"title":"Performance of self-collected saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 mass testing in community settings","authors":"Olivia Kay , Matthias E Futschik , Elena Turek , David Chapman , Simon Carr , Malur Sudhanva , Paul E. Klapper , Tony Cox , Michael Hill , Joanna Cole-Hamilton , Peter Marks , Sarah A Tunkel , Timothy Peto , Lindsey Davies , Tom Fowler","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Saliva has been considered a suitable sample material for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA testing, but uncertainty remained regarding sensitivity and reliability of different saliva collection methods.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the potential utility of expectorated saliva (ES) and drooled saliva (DS) for community mass testing.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Self-collected ES and DS samples were obtained in a prospective cohort study with 2,878 participants. The utility of saliva for SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing was assessed by comparing the capacity to detect SARS-CoV-2 positive cases with results for self-collected combined throat and nose (CTN) swabs. Additionally, quantification cycle (Cq) values were compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>ES- and DS-based tests showed the same high level of concordance (98% vs 98%) with CTN swab-based results. Sensitivity was higher for DS (94%) than for ES (83%) or CTN swab (90%) but differences were statistically not significant. Comparing only symptomatic cases, however, a significantly higher sensitivity of DS (96%) than of ES (76%) or CTN swab (91%) was observed. Cq values of saliva and swab specimen were significantly correlated and appeared to be not impacted by age or other potentially confounding factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing showed high diagnostic accuracy and can be considered an alternative where swabbing may not be tolerated or operationally feasible. DS yielded the same or better diagnostic performance compared to ES and may present a preferred option with reduced aerosol risk and increased compliance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41584615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100157
Thomas Perkmann , David N. Springer , Patrick Mucher , Michael Wolzt , Lukas Weseslindtner , Helmuth Haslacher
Objective
To investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infection in individuals after three doses of wildtype-based BNT162b2 increases antibody levels measured by a commercially available wildtype-based immunoassay.
Methods
16 of 21 individuals in a BNT162b2 vaccination cohort (recruited 129 [129–135] days after dose 3) experienced a breakthrough infection (BTI) between March and September 2022. Antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBP) of the spike protein (Anti-S) were quantified using the wildtype-based Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche). Antibody responses of triple vaccinated BTI cases were compared to triple vaccinated individuals without breakthrough infection and to 16 matched individuals after primary omicron infection.
Results
In the 16 individuals with primary Omicron infection, the anti-S assay returned only very low results (2.25 [0.61–5.80] U/mL). However, in individuals with BTI, Anti-S levels rose from 7,135 [5,870–17,470] U/mL to 21,705 (7,750–46,137.5) U/mL. At the same time, Anti-S concentrations decreased from 9,120 [7,480–13,480] U/mL to 3,830 (2,390–4,220) U/mL in those 5 of 21 vaccinated only.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that breakthrough infection with omicron can efficiently boost wild-type antibodies in individuals vaccinated with wild-type BNT162b2.
{"title":"Breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 omicron efficiently boost antibodies from previous BNT162b2 vaccinations","authors":"Thomas Perkmann , David N. Springer , Patrick Mucher , Michael Wolzt , Lukas Weseslindtner , Helmuth Haslacher","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infection in individuals after three doses of wildtype-based BNT162b2 increases antibody levels measured by a commercially available wildtype-based immunoassay.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>16 of 21 individuals in a BNT162b2 vaccination cohort (recruited 129 [129–135] days after dose 3) experienced a breakthrough infection (BTI) between March and September 2022. Antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBP) of the spike protein (Anti-S) were quantified using the wildtype-based Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche). Antibody responses of triple vaccinated BTI cases were compared to triple vaccinated individuals without breakthrough infection and to 16 matched individuals after primary omicron infection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the 16 individuals with primary Omicron infection, the anti-S assay returned only very low results (2.25 [0.61–5.80] U/mL). However, in individuals with BTI, Anti-S levels rose from 7,135 [5,870–17,470] U/mL to 21,705 (7,750–46,137.5) U/mL. At the same time, Anti-S concentrations decreased from 9,120 [7,480–13,480] U/mL to 3,830 (2,390–4,220) U/mL in those 5 of 21 vaccinated only.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data suggest that breakthrough infection with omicron can efficiently boost wild-type antibodies in individuals vaccinated with wild-type BNT162b2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100158
Christopher W Dukes , Renata AM Rossetti , Jonathan A Hensel , Sebastian Snedal , Christopher L Cubitt , Michael J Schell , Martha Abrahamsen , Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano , Kayoko Kennedy , Leslie N Mangual , Junmin Whiting , Veronica Martinez-Brockhus , Jessica Y Islam , Julie Rathwell , Matthew Beatty , Amy M Hall , Daniel Abate-Daga , Anna R Giuliano , Shari Pilon-Thomas
Background
The role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody response from natural infection and vaccination, and the potential determinants of this response are poorly understood. Characterizing this antibody response and the factors associated with neutralization can help inform future prevention efforts and improve clinical outcomes in those infected.
Objectives
The goals of this study were to prospectively evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the neutralizing antibody responses among naturally infected adults and to determine demographic and behavioral factors independently associated with these responses.
Methods
Serum was collected from seropositive individuals at baseline, four-weeks, and three-months following their first study visit to be evaluated for antibody levels. Detection of neutralizing antibodies was performed at baseline. Participant demographic and behavioral information was collected via web questionnaire prior to their first visit.
Results
At baseline, higher antibody levels were associated with better neutralization capacity, with 83% of participants having detectable neutralizing antibodies. We found an age-dependent effect on antibody level and neutralization capacity with participants over 65 years having significantly higher levels. Ethnicity, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and COVID symptoms were associated with higher antibody levels, but not with increased neutralization capacity. Work environment during the pandemic correlated with increased neutralization capacity, while kidney or liver disease and traveling out of state after February 2020 correlated with decreased neutralization capacity, however neither correlated with antibody levels.
Conclusions
Our data show that natural infection by SARS-CoV-2 can induce a humoral response reflected by high antibody levels and neutralization capacity.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 antibody response duration and neutralization following natural infection","authors":"Christopher W Dukes , Renata AM Rossetti , Jonathan A Hensel , Sebastian Snedal , Christopher L Cubitt , Michael J Schell , Martha Abrahamsen , Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano , Kayoko Kennedy , Leslie N Mangual , Junmin Whiting , Veronica Martinez-Brockhus , Jessica Y Islam , Julie Rathwell , Matthew Beatty , Amy M Hall , Daniel Abate-Daga , Anna R Giuliano , Shari Pilon-Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody response from natural infection and vaccination, and the potential determinants of this response are poorly understood. Characterizing this antibody response and the factors associated with neutralization can help inform future prevention efforts and improve clinical outcomes in those infected.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The goals of this study were to prospectively evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the neutralizing antibody responses among naturally infected adults and to determine demographic and behavioral factors independently associated with these responses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Serum was collected from seropositive individuals at baseline, four-weeks, and three-months following their first study visit to be evaluated for antibody levels. Detection of neutralizing antibodies was performed at baseline. Participant demographic and behavioral information was collected via web questionnaire prior to their first visit.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At baseline, higher antibody levels were associated with better neutralization capacity, with 83% of participants having detectable neutralizing antibodies. We found an age-dependent effect on antibody level and neutralization capacity with participants over 65 years having significantly higher levels. Ethnicity, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and COVID symptoms were associated with higher antibody levels, but not with increased neutralization capacity. Work environment during the pandemic correlated with increased neutralization capacity, while kidney or liver disease and traveling out of state after February 2020 correlated with decreased neutralization capacity, however neither correlated with antibody levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data show that natural infection by SARS-CoV-2 can induce a humoral response reflected by high antibody levels and neutralization capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/f1/nihms-1926189.PMC10470471.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10504511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100160
Deshun Xu, Lei Ji, Xiaofang Wu, Liping Chen
Background
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an important pathogen causing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), particularly in children under 5 years old. We investigated the HRSV infection status and genogroups in pediatric patients with SARI between January 2019 and December 2022 in Huzhou, China.
Methods
Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected from pediatric patients in the First People's Hospital of Huzhou. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR for respiratory syncytial virus (A/B)was performed with an QuantStudio 7 Flex Real-Time PCR System. For genotyping, the primer sets A-F/A-R and B-F/B-R were used to amplify the G protein sequences of HRSV-A and HRSV-B, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA software.
Results
In total, 973 NPSs were collected between January 2019 and December 2022, and 63 samples were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, representing a detection rate of 6.47%. Of the positive specimens, 28 were classified as HRSV-A and 35 were classified as HRSV-B. Infection with HRSV was found in all age groups tested, with children < 5 years old accounting for 88.89% of the positive cases. The detection rate was high from November to the following March. Phylogenetic analysis clustered HRSV-A strains into the ON1 genogroup and HRSV-B strains belonged to the BA9 genogroup.
Conclusions
HRSV is an important respiratory pathogen among children in Huzhou, China, with a high incidence in children under 5 years old between winter and spring. HRSV subgroups A and B were co-circulating, and ON1 and BA9 were the two main genogroups identified in this study.
{"title":"Molecular typing and epidemiological profiles of human respiratory syncytial virus infection among children with severe acute respiratory infection in Huzhou, China","authors":"Deshun Xu, Lei Ji, Xiaofang Wu, Liping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an important pathogen causing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), particularly in children under 5 years old. We investigated the HRSV infection status and genogroups in pediatric patients with SARI between January 2019 and December 2022 in Huzhou, China.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected from pediatric patients in the First People's Hospital of Huzhou. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR for respiratory syncytial virus (A/B)was performed with an QuantStudio 7 Flex Real-Time PCR System. For genotyping, the primer sets A-F/A-R and B-F/B-R were used to amplify the G protein sequences of HRSV-A and HRSV-B, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 973 NPSs were collected between January 2019 and December 2022, and 63 samples were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, representing a detection rate of 6.47%. Of the positive specimens, 28 were classified as HRSV-A and 35 were classified as HRSV-B. Infection with HRSV was found in all age groups tested, with children < 5 years old accounting for 88.89% of the positive cases. The detection rate was high from November to the following March. Phylogenetic analysis clustered HRSV-A strains into the ON1 genogroup and HRSV-B strains belonged to the BA9 genogroup.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>HRSV is an important respiratory pathogen among children in Huzhou, China, with a high incidence in children under 5 years old between winter and spring. HRSV subgroups A and B were co-circulating, and ON1 and BA9 were the two main genogroups identified in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100155
Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto , Janete Silvana Souza Gonçalves , Isabella Nogueira Abreu , Vanessa de Oliveira Freitas , Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima , Bruno Sarmento Botelho , Eliene Rodrigues Putira Sacuena , Ana Maria Almeida Souza , Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto , João Farias Guerreiro , Ricardo Ishak
{"title":"Unique evidence of atypical lymphocytes and flower cells in indigenous Xikrin do Bacajá people infected with HTLV-2","authors":"Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto , Janete Silvana Souza Gonçalves , Isabella Nogueira Abreu , Vanessa de Oliveira Freitas , Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima , Bruno Sarmento Botelho , Eliene Rodrigues Putira Sacuena , Ana Maria Almeida Souza , Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto , João Farias Guerreiro , Ricardo Ishak","doi":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical virology plus","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42101677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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