Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.56557/jet/2022/v7i27949
Williams Odiche, O. E. Alukpe, K. Agu
This study examines macroeconomic indicators and their impacts on stock market returns in Nigeria from 1986 to 2018. The study employs secondary data culled from the central bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin. The paper utilized data techniques of the unit root test, Ordinary least square, the Johansen co-integration, the Pairwise Granger causality test, and the error correction model. The study shown a long-run relationship among market capitalization and macroeconomic indicators of inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, and money supply estimates for approximately 68% variations in market capitalization in the long run. The parsimonious error correction model which is rightly and significantly signed with a co-efficient of -0.454773 is an indication that over 45% variation in market capitalization can be corrected over a year using our selected independent variables. The Granger causality test shows absence of bidirectional relationship among any of our independent variables and market capitalization. The study recommends that appropriate interest rate policies should be initiated that will guide the operation in the capital markets as well as other macroeconomic indicators in view of demonstrated negative relationship between stock prices and interest rate. Also, authorities should implement policies which will reduce inflation Rate to a minimal level and to boast up standard of living in the countries.
{"title":"MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON STOCK MARKET RETURNS: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE","authors":"Williams Odiche, O. E. Alukpe, K. Agu","doi":"10.56557/jet/2022/v7i27949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jet/2022/v7i27949","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines macroeconomic indicators and their impacts on stock market returns in Nigeria from 1986 to 2018. The study employs secondary data culled from the central bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin. The paper utilized data techniques of the unit root test, Ordinary least square, the Johansen co-integration, the Pairwise Granger causality test, and the error correction model. The study shown a long-run relationship among market capitalization and macroeconomic indicators of inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, and money supply estimates for approximately 68% variations in market capitalization in the long run. The parsimonious error correction model which is rightly and significantly signed with a co-efficient of -0.454773 is an indication that over 45% variation in market capitalization can be corrected over a year using our selected independent variables. The Granger causality test shows absence of bidirectional relationship among any of our independent variables and market capitalization. The study recommends that appropriate interest rate policies should be initiated that will guide the operation in the capital markets as well as other macroeconomic indicators in view of demonstrated negative relationship between stock prices and interest rate. Also, authorities should implement policies which will reduce inflation Rate to a minimal level and to boast up standard of living in the countries.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78385890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17870
H. A. Fadol
This study examines the influence of oil price shocks on government expenditures; monetary reserves; exchange rate in KSA 1970-2020. For this purpose, we employed a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag NARDL approach to disentangle the effects of positive, and negative shocks; identify the existence of structural factors and we employed the traditional unit root tests and the unit root tests with structural breaks to verify stationery. Through the application of the NARDL model, we confirm the presence of co-integration between oil price shocks; government expenditures, monetary reserves, and exchange rate in KSA. The results show that the asymmetry hypothesis is valid for the long run and short run which suggests that the oil price shocks are sensitive to the variation in the macroeconomic indicators. This means that these macroeconomic indicators play an important role in oil price shocks. And how to absorb these shocks in the long run. The findings of this study suggest that in the short run, the oil price is negatively influenced by the Monetary Reserves, and positively by the exchange rate; government expenditures. Results support the nonlinear proposition wherein positive shocks are compared to negative shocks. Complementary macroeconomic policy guidelines; the policy of rationalization of spending and the stability of the exchange rate in KSA can help to reinstate transform their economies away from oil dependence. And this would facilitate in dealing with the shocks that may face oil prices in the future. Accordingly; policy makers must pay attention to the Economic; geopolitical and epidemiological developments in light of unexpected variables.
{"title":"ASYMMETRIC IMPACTS AMONG OIL PRICE SHOCKS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, MONETARY RESERVES, EXCHANGE RATE IN KSA: EVIDENCE FROM A NON-LINEAR ARDL APPROACH","authors":"H. A. Fadol","doi":"10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17870","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the influence of oil price shocks on government expenditures; monetary reserves; exchange rate in KSA 1970-2020. For this purpose, we employed a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag NARDL approach to disentangle the effects of positive, and negative shocks; identify the existence of structural factors and we employed the traditional unit root tests and the unit root tests with structural breaks to verify stationery. Through the application of the NARDL model, we confirm the presence of co-integration between oil price shocks; government expenditures, monetary reserves, and exchange rate in KSA. The results show that the asymmetry hypothesis is valid for the long run and short run which suggests that the oil price shocks are sensitive to the variation in the macroeconomic indicators. This means that these macroeconomic indicators play an important role in oil price shocks. And how to absorb these shocks in the long run. The findings of this study suggest that in the short run, the oil price is negatively influenced by the Monetary Reserves, and positively by the exchange rate; government expenditures. Results support the nonlinear proposition wherein positive shocks are compared to negative shocks. Complementary macroeconomic policy guidelines; the policy of rationalization of spending and the stability of the exchange rate in KSA can help to reinstate transform their economies away from oil dependence. And this would facilitate in dealing with the shocks that may face oil prices in the future. Accordingly; policy makers must pay attention to the Economic; geopolitical and epidemiological developments in light of unexpected variables.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"4040 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86730058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-17DOI: 10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17854
P. O. Emaziye, Oghenekome Emaziye
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of savings on agricultural development. Data were obtained with the aid of structured questionnaires. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis models. Multi-stage sampling methods were adopted in a random selection of 312 respondents. Most respondents were married with a moderate family size of 10 persons with illiterate male-headed households that were mostly aged (46 years). Most respondents had 19 years of farming experience mostly engaging in crop production with a low annual income of N69,798 ($183.68) which is $0.503 per day less than the $1per day poverty line index. Education of children was the main objective of savings but inadequate funds to save was a major constraint. Most respondents experienced low agricultural output which retard agricultural development. Regression analysis results revealed that household size affects savings negatively while annual income, the sum of borrowed money and interest rate affect saving positively. The study recommends that credits should be made available in form of soft loans and respondents should be encouraged to save towards farm investment that will generate income.
{"title":"SAVINGS AND CONSTRAINTS AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT","authors":"P. O. Emaziye, Oghenekome Emaziye","doi":"10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17854","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of savings on agricultural development. Data were obtained with the aid of structured questionnaires. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis models. Multi-stage sampling methods were adopted in a random selection of 312 respondents. Most respondents were married with a moderate family size of 10 persons with illiterate male-headed households that were mostly aged (46 years). Most respondents had 19 years of farming experience mostly engaging in crop production with a low annual income of N69,798 ($183.68) which is $0.503 per day less than the $1per day poverty line index. Education of children was the main objective of savings but inadequate funds to save was a major constraint. Most respondents experienced low agricultural output which retard agricultural development. Regression analysis results revealed that household size affects savings negatively while annual income, the sum of borrowed money and interest rate affect saving positively. The study recommends that credits should be made available in form of soft loans and respondents should be encouraged to save towards farm investment that will generate income.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79393824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17850
Genaud Roméo Kede, M. Attanasso
The purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of trade openness in ECOWAS countries and fills the gap of gender-specific indicators. The sample is composed of the 15 ECOWAS countries and covers the period from 2004 to 2018. For this purpose, we used three panel data estimation techniques, such as pooled regression, fixed effects model and Generalized Moment Method (GMM). The results of this study reveal that among the significant variables for all three techniques used, FDI represent the variable that positively influences trade openness of ECOWAS countries while variables such as population growth rate and GDP per capita negatively influence the degree of trade openness. Variables such as GDP per capita, population growth rate, labor force participation rate, political stability index, cost of starting a business, and population density were used as determinants for determinants of trade openness estimation. Result discovered that identification of policies to promote FDI and the implementation of measures to increase production is essential to cover the consumption needs of the population of ECOWAS countries. In addition, it would be beneficial for these countries to put in place an export policy for manufactured products other than primary materials in order to promote the expansion of intra-ECOWAS trade.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF TRADE INTENSIFICATION WITH FILLS GAP OF GENDER-SPECIFIC INDICATORS IN ECOWAS COUNTRIES","authors":"Genaud Roméo Kede, M. Attanasso","doi":"10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17850","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of trade openness in ECOWAS countries and fills the gap of gender-specific indicators. The sample is composed of the 15 ECOWAS countries and covers the period from 2004 to 2018. For this purpose, we used three panel data estimation techniques, such as pooled regression, fixed effects model and Generalized Moment Method (GMM). The results of this study reveal that among the significant variables for all three techniques used, FDI represent the variable that positively influences trade openness of ECOWAS countries while variables such as population growth rate and GDP per capita negatively influence the degree of trade openness. Variables such as GDP per capita, population growth rate, labor force participation rate, political stability index, cost of starting a business, and population density were used as determinants for determinants of trade openness estimation. Result discovered that identification of policies to promote FDI and the implementation of measures to increase production is essential to cover the consumption needs of the population of ECOWAS countries. In addition, it would be beneficial for these countries to put in place an export policy for manufactured products other than primary materials in order to promote the expansion of intra-ECOWAS trade.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86492957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17702
Babayev Hikmat, Nurullayev Javidan, Garayeva Vafa
Cryptocurrencies are a new technology that has given impetus to the modernization of the entire economy. Already, a huge number of people use cryptocoins for payment, participate in their production and earn on market volatility.To date, cryptocurrencies are at the stage of formation and improved versions are released annually, which try to eliminate the shortcomings in the technology. But it is already obvious to many experts that cryptocurrencies are the money of the future with great potential for development.
{"title":"CRYPTOCURRENCY AS A MEANS OF PAYMENT: A REVIEW","authors":"Babayev Hikmat, Nurullayev Javidan, Garayeva Vafa","doi":"10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jet/2022/v7i17702","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptocurrencies are a new technology that has given impetus to the modernization of the entire economy. Already, a huge number of people use cryptocoins for payment, participate in their production and earn on market volatility.To date, cryptocurrencies are at the stage of formation and improved versions are released annually, which try to eliminate the shortcomings in the technology. But it is already obvious to many experts that cryptocurrencies are the money of the future with great potential for development.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82944334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A partnership offers a lot of advantages which include long term stability and more capitals. However, such an arrangement comes with some disadvantages which include loss of autonomy, liabilities, as well as sharing of profit and emotional issues. Among the many factors that need consideration in a partnership, the one factor of prime importance is the evaluation of the prospective partner so as to ensure he/she is a good match. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the effects of factors as, among others, the loss of autonomy and liabilities on the functioning of partnership based businesses. In this study, taking into account data collected from 50 enterprises in India, statistical methodologies of ANOVA and multiple comparison tests were used for factor comparisons at the significance level of 5%. Results have shown that in most of the partnership businesses the partners were satisfied with each other, except for emotional issues. It would be then important to deeply explore such issues in order to minimize eventual damages caused by such disadvantage.
{"title":"Effect of Partnership on Business: A Case Study","authors":"A. Dar","doi":"10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p45","url":null,"abstract":"A partnership offers a lot of advantages which include long term stability and more capitals. However, such an arrangement comes with some disadvantages which include loss of autonomy, liabilities, as well as sharing of profit and emotional issues. Among the many factors that need consideration in a partnership, the one factor of prime importance is the evaluation of the prospective partner so as to ensure he/she is a good match. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the effects of factors as, among others, the loss of autonomy and liabilities on the functioning of partnership based businesses. In this study, taking into account data collected from 50 enterprises in India, statistical methodologies of ANOVA and multiple comparison tests were used for factor comparisons at the significance level of 5%. Results have shown that in most of the partnership businesses the partners were satisfied with each other, except for emotional issues. It would be then important to deeply explore such issues in order to minimize eventual damages caused by such disadvantage.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88532046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Technological Progress: Analysing Ricardo’s Theory on Unemployment","authors":"Shame Mukoka","doi":"10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p42","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>n/a</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84718921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research paper identifies broad strategies for accelerating transformative change processes in the form of mission orientation and mobilizing the public and stakeholders, aligning systems, readying institutions and people for change, policy making for managing complexity which are considered to be the building blocks in the Asia Pacific region. The focus of the research study is on the growth, development, economics of peace, role and impact of SDGs on the economies and societies in general including justice, peace building, developing strong institutions and in transforming the region into an international hub to achieve the SDGs and the broader agenda of UN 2030 including the overall development of the Asia-Pacific region in the long run. The paper studies the aspects of the inter-linkages between Governments and other stakeholders to deliver the ‘decade of action towards SDG’, particularly in the aftermath of COVID-19. It is observed that COVID-19 pandemic has created many gaps in social protection systems and wider policies for delivering public goods with devastating effects on the poorest and utmost vulnerable in the Asia-Pacific region. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Summit held in 2019 had identified six transformative areas to accelerate progress towards the SDGs. In fact, these transformative areas present development challenges that are interlinked, complex and integrate goals and targets across the SDG framework which are strengthening human well-being and capabilities, shifting towards sustainable and just economies, securing the global environmental commons. A proposed action plan with regional interventions in the Asia-Pacific region, alignment with the goals and outcomes of the UNFPA strategic plan 2018-2021 and the Roadmap of PIFS in accelerating the SDGs have been delineated in the study.
{"title":"Role of Asia-Pacific Regions in Partnering UN SDGs","authors":"Dr. U. Sarangi","doi":"10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p8","url":null,"abstract":"The research paper identifies broad strategies for accelerating transformative change processes in the form of mission orientation and mobilizing the public and stakeholders, aligning systems, readying institutions and people for change, policy making for managing complexity which are considered to be the building blocks in the Asia Pacific region. The focus of the research study is on the growth, development, economics of peace, role and impact of SDGs on the economies and societies in general including justice, peace building, developing strong institutions and in transforming the region into an international hub to achieve the SDGs and the broader agenda of UN 2030 including the overall development of the Asia-Pacific region in the long run. The paper studies the aspects of the inter-linkages between Governments and other stakeholders to deliver the ‘decade of action towards SDG’, particularly in the aftermath of COVID-19. It is observed that COVID-19 pandemic has created many gaps in social protection systems and wider policies for delivering public goods with devastating effects on the poorest and utmost vulnerable in the Asia-Pacific region. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Summit held in 2019 had identified six transformative areas to accelerate progress towards the SDGs. In fact, these transformative areas present development challenges that are interlinked, complex and integrate goals and targets across the SDG framework which are strengthening human well-being and capabilities, shifting towards sustainable and just economies, securing the global environmental commons. A proposed action plan with regional interventions in the Asia-Pacific region, alignment with the goals and outcomes of the UNFPA strategic plan 2018-2021 and the Roadmap of PIFS in accelerating the SDGs have been delineated in the study.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"20 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90264108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Mizanoor Rahman, Md. Abdus Sabur, M. N. Huda, Taushif Rahman
Introduction: Government of Bangladesh declared lock down several times in the educational institutions for the purpose of retains the rapid speed of COVID-19. During the lockdown period students stayed in home and totally depended on internet for spending times, contract friends, attained in online classes etc. The purpose of the study is to measure the impact of long- time internet usage that brought various complications among the students in their physical and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown period. Methods: A structured online based questionnaire link was sent using Google forms and distributed to students via what’s app and Facebook Messenger and 360 respondents were filled up the questionnaire in the period of June 2021-August 2021 COVID-19. The distribution of respondent demographic variables was investigated using descriptive statistical methods; Pearson’s chi-square tests have been applied. Result: About 40.8% of students’ perception was that COVID-19 lockdown had changed their internet usage habits a little more than the normal time. The measures of the duration of time of internet usages there was a significant change. The respondents usage increased rapidly on 5-6 hours (42.05%) and 10 hours + (32.8%) whereas it was 30.3 % and only 6.9% respectively in before the lock down. The usages of internet hampered the students in their studies, night’s sleep, food habits, loneliness, frustration and depression during the lock down situation. Conclusion: The concern authority should take necessary steps to reduce the habit of internet usage the COVID-19 situation and motivate the students for concentrating on their studies and minimize the excessive use of the internet.
{"title":"Impact of Using Internet during Covid-19 Lockdown on University Students: A Study of Bangladesh Perspectives","authors":"Md. Mizanoor Rahman, Md. Abdus Sabur, M. N. Huda, Taushif Rahman","doi":"10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Government of Bangladesh declared lock down several times in the educational institutions for the purpose of retains the rapid speed of COVID-19. During the lockdown period students stayed in home and totally depended on internet for spending times, contract friends, attained in online classes etc. The purpose of the study is to measure the impact of long- time internet usage that brought various complications among the students in their physical and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown period. Methods: A structured online based questionnaire link was sent using Google forms and distributed to students via what’s app and Facebook Messenger and 360 respondents were filled up the questionnaire in the period of June 2021-August 2021 COVID-19. The distribution of respondent demographic variables was investigated using descriptive statistical methods; Pearson’s chi-square tests have been applied. Result: About 40.8% of students’ perception was that COVID-19 lockdown had changed their internet usage habits a little more than the normal time. The measures of the duration of time of internet usages there was a significant change. The respondents usage increased rapidly on 5-6 hours (42.05%) and 10 hours + (32.8%) whereas it was 30.3 % and only 6.9% respectively in before the lock down. The usages of internet hampered the students in their studies, night’s sleep, food habits, loneliness, frustration and depression during the lock down situation. Conclusion: The concern authority should take necessary steps to reduce the habit of internet usage the COVID-19 situation and motivate the students for concentrating on their studies and minimize the excessive use of the internet.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81536727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of the research refers to the attitudes and commitment of consumers to the usual or electronic shopping in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this paper is to investigate how much electronic is used in Bosnia and Herzegovina in relation to the usual purchase, i.e.. to what extent e-shopping is accepted in these areas, also another goal is to determine the factors that influence their behaviour in e-shopping. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which there is interest in this form of shopping in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was conducted so that the following hypotheses can be tested on a selected sample: H0-Customers in Bosnia and Herzegovina prefer traditional over online shopping.
{"title":"Consumer Commitment in Bosnia and Herzegovina to Electronic or Traditional Purchase","authors":"Vidovic Aleksandra, PhD","doi":"10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v4n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the research refers to the attitudes and commitment of consumers to the usual or electronic shopping in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this paper is to investigate how much electronic is used in Bosnia and Herzegovina in relation to the usual purchase, i.e.. to what extent e-shopping is accepted in these areas, also another goal is to determine the factors that influence their behaviour in e-shopping. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which there is interest in this form of shopping in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was conducted so that the following hypotheses can be tested on a selected sample: H0-Customers in Bosnia and Herzegovina prefer traditional over online shopping.","PeriodicalId":73720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economics, trade and marketing management","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90832267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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