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Organization of Protective Regime for Elderly Population in the COVID-19 Pandemic Period COVID-19大流行时期老年人群防护制度的组织
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120146
Mikhail A Yakushin, Roman V Gorenkov, Tatiana P Vasilieva, Alexander V Melerzanov, Oxana Yu Alexandrova, Sergei Yu Yarotskiy, Aleksandra R Malakhova, A. Moskalev, Evelyne Yehudit Bischof
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引用次数: 0
Extension of Tamiflu Shelf-Life in Strategic Stockpile for Public Health 延长公共卫生战略储备的达菲保质期
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120147
Keith DelMonte, C. To, Kateryna Rashid, Mike Sayers, Michael Mendoza, Fang Zhao, T. Camenisch
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Integration of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Practices in the Oil and Gas Companies 评估石油和天然气公司健康、安全和环境管理实践的整合
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120138
Albert Abdel Nour, M. Massoud, Michel Mokbel, I. Alameddine
The need for Oil and Gas (OG most firms primarily in developing countries underrate its importance and prioritize health and safety issues over environmental ones.
大多数主要在发展中国家的石油和天然气公司低估了其重要性,将健康和安全问题置于环境问题之上。
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引用次数: 0
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Producing Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamases seen in the Laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana Antananarivo Madagascar 产生延伸光谱Β-Lactamases的肺炎克雷伯菌在马达加斯加塔那那利佛贝费拉塔纳纳大学医院实验室中发现
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120141
Fidiniaina Mamy Randriatsarafara, Zafindrasoa Domoina Rakotovao-Ravahatra, Njaramahery Williame Andriamampandry, Andriamiadana Luc Rakotovao
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引用次数: 0
Acute Flaccid Myelitis-Possible Link with Electro-Magnetism? A Hypothesis Stimulating Study 急性弛缓性脊髓炎-可能与电磁有关?一项假设刺激研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/JESPH.96120133
Colin Pritchard
“Wonder grows when knowledge fails” (Francis Bacon 1561-1626) A new polio-like condition mainly affecting children (mean 5 years old) is being observed, starting with viral and respiratory symptoms, followed by a demyelination paralysis. Known as Acute Flaccid Myelitis, first identified in 2010 in America, 28% to 95% of cases are associated with Enterovirus EVD68. Yet EVD68 itself was identified decades previously in China and the Netherlands. Prior to hospitalisation some children had no evidence of neurological symptoms, hinting a possible environmental trigger. Acute hospitals have multiple sources of background Electro-Magnetic-Field (EMF), some above recommended safety levels. Hence the hypothesis “Are critical rises in human background electromagnetism, interacting with other environmental factors, possibly a casual factor, in Acute Flaccid Myelitis? “There is evidence that low frequency EFM creates cellular oxidative stress leading to neurodegeneration. Mechanisms are unclear but could ubiquitous background EMF play a role in children’s vulnerability to EVD68? The context of the hypothesis is the evidence of accelerating rates of neurological morbidity in the 21st Century and whether the range and multiplicity of environmental factors are impacting upon an immune-compromised child’s neurology. As health environmental factors were ignored in the past, e.g. smoking and asbestos, another possible environmental linked anomaly is feared, though we note the recent establishment of the UK Acute Flaccid Paralysis Task Force in 2019. This hypothesis, whilst remaining speculative, needs to be refuted through independent research to ensure that AFM is not another children’s neurological condition, which once were rare but now becoming more commonplace.
一种主要影响儿童(平均5岁)的新型脊髓灰质炎样疾病正在被观察到,首先是病毒和呼吸道症状,然后是脱髓鞘麻痹。急性弛缓性脊髓炎于2010年首次在美国被发现,28%至95%的病例与EVD68肠病毒有关。然而,EVD68本身早在几十年前就在中国和荷兰被发现。在住院之前,一些儿童没有神经症状的迹象,这暗示可能是环境因素引起的。急诊医院有多个背景电磁场(EMF)来源,其中一些高于推荐的安全水平。因此,假设“急性弛缓性脊髓炎中,人类背景电磁水平的临界上升是否与其他环境因素相互作用,可能是一个偶然因素?”“有证据表明,低频EFM会产生细胞氧化应激,导致神经退行性变。机制尚不清楚,但无处不在的背景EMF是否在儿童对EVD68的易感性中起作用?该假设的背景是21世纪神经系统发病率加速的证据,以及环境因素的范围和多样性是否影响免疫受损儿童的神经系统。由于过去忽视了健康环境因素,例如吸烟和石棉,尽管我们注意到最近在2019年成立了英国急性弛缓性麻痹特别工作组,但人们担心另一种可能与环境相关的异常现象。这一假设,虽然仍然是推测性的,但需要通过独立的研究来反驳,以确保AFM不是另一种儿童神经系统疾病,这种疾病曾经很少见,但现在变得越来越普遍。
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引用次数: 0
Can Wastewater-based Epidemiology Tool Trace COVID-19? 基于废水的流行病学工具能追踪COVID-19吗?
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120137
A. Fadaei
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) actions as an important device to trace the current of viruses in a population, providing opportunities to calculate their spread, genetic diversity, and geographic distribution.
基于废水的流行病学(WBE)是追踪人群中病毒流动的重要手段,为计算病毒的传播、遗传多样性和地理分布提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Waste Management in the Healthcare Facilities of Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, the United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯联合酋长国迪拜卫生局卫生保健设施废物管理评估
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120144
Mohamed Ahmed Awad, M. Elsergany, Ibrahim Qambar Al-Balushi
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引用次数: 0
Environmental and public health impacts of plastic wastes due to healthcare and food products packages: A Review 医疗保健和食品包装塑料废物对环境和公众健康的影响:综述
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/JESPH.96120114
Ugoeze Kc, Amogu Eo, Oluigbo Ke, N. N.
Plastic products have gained contemporary extensive utility, became indispensable and the commonest material used in product packaging in healthcare, food and other articles essential to humanity. These packaging materials, produced from plastic bases like the bio-degradable, epoxy resins, polystyrenes, expanded polystyrenes, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride and polycarbonates also contain several unsafe substances incorporated into them to aid their production and product aesthetics. The innovative exploitation of plastic-based packaging materials in healthcare, food and related products has evolved to the extent of harnessing single-use and discard after-use packages which have merely given rise to the prevalence of menacing plastic wastes generally, creating heaps of plastic wastes in several spots, defacing the cities, contaminating the environments and upsetting the ecosystem deleteriously with its public health outcomes. The atmosphere, animals and humanity are confronted with threats of extinction due to the discharges originating from the harmful constituents of these plastic wastes which saturate and contaminate the ecosystem. These jeopardies could be abridged if the bulk of plastic junks due to the healthcare, food and allied packages are properly managed or recycled at the end of their useful life. The emerging economies that is mostly affected by these challenges should adopt plastic waste management approaches, especially recycling, reuse and establishment of enabling policies on the manufacture, use and disposal of plastic-based packaging products. Effective majors will ensue if the government and policymakers would enhance enlightenment efforts at various levels of each society coupled with strict regulations over the management of plastic-based packaging materials.
塑料制品在当代得到了广泛的应用,成为医疗保健、食品和其他人类必不可少的产品包装中不可或缺的最常用材料。这些包装材料由可生物降解的环氧树脂、聚苯乙烯、膨胀聚苯乙烯、聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯和聚碳酸酯等塑料基制成,其中也含有几种不安全物质,以帮助其生产和产品美观。在医疗保健、食品和相关产品中对塑料包装材料的创新利用已经发展到利用一次性和废弃的使用后包装的程度,这些包装只是普遍造成了有害的塑料废物的普遍存在,在几个地方造成了塑料废物的堆积,破坏了城市,污染了环境,对生态系统造成了有害的破坏,并带来了公共卫生后果。大气、动物和人类正面临灭绝的威胁,因为这些塑料废物的有害成分的排放饱和并污染了生态系统。如果由于医疗保健、食品和相关包装而产生的大量塑料垃圾得到妥善管理或在其使用寿命结束时进行回收,则可以减少这些危害。受这些挑战影响最大的新兴经济体应采取塑料废物管理办法,特别是回收、再利用和制定有关塑料包装产品的制造、使用和处置的扶持政策。如果政府和政策制定者加强社会各层面的启蒙努力,并对塑料包装材料的管理进行严格的规定,那么有效的专业就会随之而来。
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引用次数: 11
Spatial-Temporal Differentials in Traffic and Music Generated Noise at Selected Sites in Kisumu City, Kenya 肯尼亚基苏木市选定地点交通噪音和音乐噪音的时空差异
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/JESPH.96120123
W. Amulla, A. G. Misati
Despite its well-documented effects on health and wellbeing, noise remains one of the most poorly regulated type of pollution in African cities. Some studies have shown that automobiles and music stores are among the leading sources of noise pollution in African urban centers with equivalent sound pressure levels largely exceeding regulatory limits. These elevated noise levels exposes the public to auditory and non-auditory effects that impair health and quality of life. Regardless, research on road traffic and music-generated noise remain scarce in Kenya and Africa at large. This study sought to assess noise associated with traffic and music at 50 purposively selected sites in Kisumu city, Kenya. Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) were measured using EXTECH® digital sound level meter, recorded in a data sheet and analyzed descriptively on SPSS version 23. Results showed that the mean traffic-generated noise was 70.39 ± 10.10dBA, while music-generated noise was 86.35 ± 6.92dBA. Independent sample t-test showed that the mean SPL for music was significantly higher than traffic. There was considerable variability in traffic noise by site with highways having highest (76.25 ± 5.42dBA) followed by roundabouts (75.0 ± 4.97 dBA) and lastly by termini (71.60 ± 4.81dBA). Noise at resting parks varied with distance from high traffic zones. Both vehicular and music-related noise exceeded maximum permissible limits, but music-related noise was significantly higher than vehicular noise.
尽管噪音对健康和福祉的影响有据可查,但它仍然是非洲城市中监管最不力的污染之一。一些研究表明,汽车和音乐商店是非洲城市中心噪音污染的主要来源,其等效声压级大大超过了规定的限制。这些提高的噪音水平使公众受到听觉和非听觉影响,损害健康和生活质量。无论如何,在肯尼亚和整个非洲,对道路交通和音乐产生的噪音的研究仍然很少。本研究旨在评估肯尼亚基苏木市50个特意选择的地点与交通和音乐有关的噪音。使用EXTECH®数字声级计测量声压级(SPL),记录在数据表中,并在SPSS version 23上进行描述性分析。结果表明:交通噪声均值为70.39±10.10dBA,音乐噪声均值为86.35±6.92dBA;独立样本t检验表明,音乐的平均SPL显著高于交通。不同地点的交通噪声差异较大,高速公路最高(76.25±5.42dBA),其次是环形交叉路口(75.0±4.97 dBA),最后是终端站(71.60±4.81dBA)。休憩公园的噪音随距离交通繁忙区域的远近而不同。车辆噪音和与音乐有关的噪音都超过了最大允许限度,但与音乐有关的噪音明显高于车辆噪音。
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引用次数: 0
Safety and Antibody Response to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccines in Kidney Transplant Recipients 肾移植受者对BNT162b2和ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗的安全性和抗体反应
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120140
Ali Alshaqaq, M. Aldemerdash, Abdulnaser Alabadi, Baher Elgadaa, Najib Musaied, Ibtihal Shaikh, O. Abed, S. Askandarani, K. Hamawi, F. E. Alotaibe, K. Akkari, M. AlBugami
Background and objectives: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Therefore, they are considered among the priority group for vaccination. This study presents safety data and antibody response to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines in KTRs. Design, setting, participants, and measurements: 230 KTRs received either of the vaccines and were surveyed about adverse reactions, including timing and duration. 195 KTRs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies. Data on COVID-19 breakthrough infections were also collected. Results: Out of the 230 KTRs, 150 (65.2%) were males, mean age was 46.5 (± 14.2) years and 21 had prior COVID-19 infection. Maintenance immune-suppression included prednisone (95.7%), tacrolimus (99.6%), and mycophenolate mofetil (96.1%). 173 (75.2%) received BNT162b2 (45 one dose, 128 two doses), and 57 (24.8%) received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (52 one dose, 3 two doses) vaccines. Vaccines were well tolerated with pain at the site of injection, fatigue, and headache reported most in 63.9, 38.3, and 30.4%, respectively. No change in baseline creatinine or biopsy proven rejection. 23.6% developed anti-spike antibodies after one dose and 35.8% after two doses. Prior COVID-19 infection and receiving two doses of vaccine increases the likelihood of seroconversion. 20 patients had COVID-19 breakthrough infection, 17 were seronegative. Hospitalization was required in 11 patients (4 in ICU), and one patient died. Conclusion: BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines were well tolerated without major adverse events. However, the antibody response was markedly attenuated. More effective vaccination strategies using a third vaccine dose or heterologous vaccination would be warranted.
背景和目的:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)与肾移植受者(KTRs)的显著发病率和死亡率相关。因此,他们被认为是接种疫苗的优先群体。本研究提供了KTRs对BNT162b2和ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗的安全性数据和抗体应答。设计、设置、参与者和测量:230名ktr接受了任一种疫苗,并调查了不良反应,包括时间和持续时间。对195例ktr进行了SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白抗体检测。还收集了COVID-19突破性感染的数据。结果:230例ktr中,男性150例(65.2%),平均年龄46.5(±14.2)岁,21例既往感染COVID-19。维护性免疫抑制包括强的松(95.7%)、他克莫司(99.6%)和霉酚酸酯(96.1%)。173人(75.2%)接种了BNT162b2疫苗(45人一剂,128人二剂),57人(24.8%)接种了ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗(52人一剂,3人二剂)。疫苗耐受性良好,注射部位疼痛、疲劳和头痛报告最多,分别为63.9%、38.3%和30.4%。基线肌酐无变化,活检证实排斥反应。23.6%的人在一次注射后产生抗刺突抗体,35.8%的人在两次注射后产生抗刺突抗体。先前感染COVID-19并接种两剂疫苗会增加血清转化的可能性。新冠肺炎突破性感染20例,血清阴性17例。11例患者需要住院治疗(重症监护室4例),1例死亡。结论:BNT162b2和ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗耐受性良好,无重大不良反应。然而,抗体反应明显减弱。使用第三剂疫苗或异源疫苗的更有效的疫苗接种策略是必要的。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of environmental science and public health
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