Aminu Umar Kaoje, Ahmed Mohammed Ismaila, Oloyede Abdulhafiz, Garba Shefiullahi, Yusuf Rifkat, Abubakar Bilkisu Gulma, Raji Ismail Abdullateef, Abubakar Auwal Usman, U. Ango
Background: Cigarette smoke contains many carcinogens, and the negative health consequences associated with cigarette smoking are shared and suffered by the passive non-smokers. Objective: To assess secondhand smoke exposure pattern and knowledge, attitude and perception of exposure harm among non-Smokers in Sokoto metropolis. Material and Methods: We conducted a populationbased descriptive cross-sectional study among 400 non-smokers. We used a two-stage sampling technique to select respondents and an intervieweradministered questionnaire to collect data through personal interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Mean, and standard deviation was calculated for continuous data, frequency and percentage for categorical data and multiple J Environ Sci Public Health 2021;5 (2):281-295 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120130 Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health 282 dichotomy analysis for variables where multiple responses were allowed. Results: Respondents’ mean age was 44.3 ± 4.7 years. Most, 299 (74.8%) were male, and less than half, 169 (42.5%), had tertiary education. More than half, 278 (69.4%) have had different form and level of exposure to secondhand smoke. A majority, 252 (63.0%) demonstrated good knowledge of exposure harm towards secondhand smoke. Lungs and heart were the most frequently mentioned organs affected by cigarette smoke, while Lung cancer and exacerbation of asthmatic attack were the most frequently cited ailment following exposure. Majority, 262 (65.4%), expressed appropriate attitude and perception to exposure harms, as 261 (68.1%) of the respondents perceived that breathing even small amount can be dangerous. Conclusion: Although many demonstrated good knowledge and expressed appropriate attitudes and perception to exposure harm of secondhand smoke, a large number experienced moderate to heavy exposure. Smoking in public places is a prevalent practice, therefore we recommend that the government should ensure that the law prohibiting smoking in public spaces are enforced.
背景:香烟烟雾含有许多致癌物质，与吸烟有关的负面健康后果是被动的不吸烟者共同承受的。目的:了解索科托大都市非吸烟者二手烟暴露方式及暴露危害的知识、态度和认知。材料和方法:我们在400名非吸烟者中进行了一项基于人群的描述性横断面研究。我们采用两阶段抽样技术选择受访者，并通过个人访谈进行问卷调查。数据分析采用SPSS 23.0版本。计算连续数据的均值和标准差，分类数据和多重数据的频率和百分比[J] Environ Sci Public Health 2021;5 (2):281-295 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120130《环境科学与公共卫生杂志》282项允许多重反应的变量二分法分析。结果:受访者平均年龄为44.3±4.7岁。大多数是男性，299人(74.8%)，受过高等教育的不到一半，169人(42.5%)。超过一半的人，278人(69.4%)有不同形式和程度的二手烟暴露。252人(63.0%)表现出对二手烟暴露危害的良好认识。肺部和心脏是最常被提及的受香烟影响的器官，而肺癌和哮喘发作加剧是接触香烟后最常被提及的疾病。262人(65.4%)对暴露危害表达了适当的态度和看法，261人(68.1%)的受访者认为即使少量呼吸也可能是危险的。结论:虽然许多人对二手烟的暴露危害有良好的认识，并表达了适当的态度和认知，但大部分人经历了中度至重度暴露。在公共场所吸烟是一种普遍的做法，因此我们建议政府应该确保禁止在公共场所吸烟的法律得到执行。
{"title":"Secondhand Cigarette Smoke Exposure Pattern, Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Harm amongst Non-Smokers in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Aminu Umar Kaoje, Ahmed Mohammed Ismaila, Oloyede Abdulhafiz, Garba Shefiullahi, Yusuf Rifkat, Abubakar Bilkisu Gulma, Raji Ismail Abdullateef, Abubakar Auwal Usman, U. Ango","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cigarette smoke contains many carcinogens, and the negative health consequences associated with cigarette smoking are shared and suffered by the passive non-smokers. Objective: To assess secondhand smoke exposure pattern and knowledge, attitude and perception of exposure harm among non-Smokers in Sokoto metropolis. Material and Methods: We conducted a populationbased descriptive cross-sectional study among 400 non-smokers. We used a two-stage sampling technique to select respondents and an intervieweradministered questionnaire to collect data through personal interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Mean, and standard deviation was calculated for continuous data, frequency and percentage for categorical data and multiple J Environ Sci Public Health 2021;5 (2):281-295 DOI: 10.26502/jesph.96120130 Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health 282 dichotomy analysis for variables where multiple responses were allowed. Results: Respondents’ mean age was 44.3 ± 4.7 years. Most, 299 (74.8%) were male, and less than half, 169 (42.5%), had tertiary education. More than half, 278 (69.4%) have had different form and level of exposure to secondhand smoke. A majority, 252 (63.0%) demonstrated good knowledge of exposure harm towards secondhand smoke. Lungs and heart were the most frequently mentioned organs affected by cigarette smoke, while Lung cancer and exacerbation of asthmatic attack were the most frequently cited ailment following exposure. Majority, 262 (65.4%), expressed appropriate attitude and perception to exposure harms, as 261 (68.1%) of the respondents perceived that breathing even small amount can be dangerous. Conclusion: Although many demonstrated good knowledge and expressed appropriate attitudes and perception to exposure harm of secondhand smoke, a large number experienced moderate to heavy exposure. Smoking in public places is a prevalent practice, therefore we recommend that the government should ensure that the law prohibiting smoking in public spaces are enforced.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life began on this planet some four billion years ago. Since that time the planet has experienced many changes in climate and biodiversity. In the view of Vladimir Vernadsky [1] we live in a thin film of biologically processed matter on the surface of the planet. At the present time our planet is changing more rapidly than in any of the previous cycles and this rapidity is primarily due to human activities. Of course in the past there have been many extreme events like meteorite impacts, but in general the natural changes are slow. With the beginning of agriculture after the last ice age the pace of change accelerated. Although organisms have come and gone in the history of our planet our biodiversity is now under a threat of decline that is unprecedented.
{"title":"Some thoughts on Biodiversity and Sustainability","authors":"G. Berlyn","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120136","url":null,"abstract":"Life began on this planet some four billion years ago. Since that time the planet has experienced many changes in climate and biodiversity. In the view of Vladimir Vernadsky [1] we live in a thin film of biologically processed matter on the surface of the planet. At the present time our planet is changing more rapidly than in any of the previous cycles and this rapidity is primarily due to human activities. Of course in the past there have been many extreme events like meteorite impacts, but in general the natural changes are slow. With the beginning of agriculture after the last ice age the pace of change accelerated. Although organisms have come and gone in the history of our planet our biodiversity is now under a threat of decline that is unprecedented.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. ALMesned, A. Alakhfash, Fahd S. Almesned, Abdurrahman Almesned
{"title":"Healthcare Rationing and Economic Evaluation in Health Care","authors":"S. ALMesned, A. Alakhfash, Fahd S. Almesned, Abdurrahman Almesned","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Banu, Sujana Haque Chowdhury, N. Akter, Kazi Rakibul Islam, Sarder Mahmud Hossain, M. Ruhul Amin
{"title":"Preventive Behaviors to Mitigate COVID-19: Urban-Rural Disparities of Densely Populated Country like Bangladesh","authors":"B. Banu, Sujana Haque Chowdhury, N. Akter, Kazi Rakibul Islam, Sarder Mahmud Hossain, M. Ruhul Amin","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.23.20135178
Vaibhav Singh, A. Pal, D. Biswas, Alakendu Ghosh, Brijesh P Singh
Objective: Osteoporosis causes fragility fractures that also occur in patients with bone mineral density (BMD) in the normal or osteopenic range, suggesting role of risk factors that are unrelated or partially related to BMD. The study aims at highlighting the link between 3 conditions, that are environment and occupation related risk factors and that are widely prevalent in India, and development of fragility fractures. Methods: A Case Control study was done by recruiting 110 Cases with history of recent fragility fractures and 84 Controls with no history of recent fractures. 3 study parameters, village dwelling, conventional farming, and poverty, were chosen the presence or absence of which were documented in participants. This was followed by an ODDS ratio analysis. Results: The Odds of village dwellers, conventional farmers, and socioeconomically poor individuals to develop fragility fractures were both significant and large. Conclusion: Urbanization is a risk in the development of fragility fractures. However, this study points that village dwelling in India is associated with the development of fragility fractures. Similarly, Odds of farmers exposed to pesticides and agrochemicals to develop fragility fractures is large and significant. Pesticides and agrochemicals act as endocrine disruptors and bone health is closely linked to endocrine system. Fragility fractures among farmers may be due to endocrine disrupting properties of pesticides and agrochemicals. Socioeconomic deprivation is a known risk in the development of osteoporosis. This study too highlights that the odds of individuals living in poverty to develop fragility fractures is significant and large.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO FRAGILITY FRACTURES IN INDIANS","authors":"Vaibhav Singh, A. Pal, D. Biswas, Alakendu Ghosh, Brijesh P Singh","doi":"10.1101/2020.06.23.20135178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.23.20135178","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Osteoporosis causes fragility fractures that also occur in patients with bone mineral density (BMD) in the normal or osteopenic range, suggesting role of risk factors that are unrelated or partially related to BMD. The study aims at highlighting the link between 3 conditions, that are environment and occupation related risk factors and that are widely prevalent in India, and development of fragility fractures. Methods: A Case Control study was done by recruiting 110 Cases with history of recent fragility fractures and 84 Controls with no history of recent fractures. 3 study parameters, village dwelling, conventional farming, and poverty, were chosen the presence or absence of which were documented in participants. This was followed by an ODDS ratio analysis. Results: The Odds of village dwellers, conventional farmers, and socioeconomically poor individuals to develop fragility fractures were both significant and large. Conclusion: Urbanization is a risk in the development of fragility fractures. However, this study points that village dwelling in India is associated with the development of fragility fractures. Similarly, Odds of farmers exposed to pesticides and agrochemicals to develop fragility fractures is large and significant. Pesticides and agrochemicals act as endocrine disruptors and bone health is closely linked to endocrine system. Fragility fractures among farmers may be due to endocrine disrupting properties of pesticides and agrochemicals. Socioeconomic deprivation is a known risk in the development of osteoporosis. This study too highlights that the odds of individuals living in poverty to develop fragility fractures is significant and large.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49416423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laser-induced plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (LIBS) which is a less costly and simple to implement, technique is starting to prevail in qualitative and quantitative analyses of the various elements of the periodic system. She is based on the interaction of a laser pulse that only lasts a few nanoseconds with the material to be analyzed. LIBS technology has several advantages such as its situ use, it speeds in carrying out analyses in real time, the use of samples without prior treatment, analysis of minute quantitative of samples. She may be portable for use in any space without contact with the sample reason she was on board the Discovery robot for ground exploration Martian. She entered several fields of research such as medicine, agronomy, nuclear research, biology, the food industry, the research archeological, space research, in the pharmaceutical field, in mineralogy for determination of minerals and environment for monitoring pollution of metallic trace elements (MTE) in soil, water and air. LIBS work on all kinds of materials in solid, liquid, or gaseous state.
{"title":"LIBS Technology and its Application: Overview of the Different Research Areas","authors":"Mputu Kanyinda Jean-Noëla, Kaniki Tshamala Arthurb, Baele Jean-Marcc","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120090","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (LIBS) which is a less costly and simple to implement, technique is starting to prevail in qualitative and quantitative analyses of the various elements of the periodic system. She is based on the interaction of a laser pulse that only lasts a few nanoseconds with the material to be analyzed. LIBS technology has several advantages such as its situ use, it speeds in carrying out analyses in real time, the use of samples without prior treatment, analysis of minute quantitative of samples. She may be portable for use in any space without contact with the sample reason she was on board the Discovery robot for ground exploration Martian. She entered several fields of research such as medicine, agronomy, nuclear research, biology, the food industry, the research archeological, space research, in the pharmaceutical field, in mineralogy for determination of minerals and environment for monitoring pollution of metallic trace elements (MTE) in soil, water and air. LIBS work on all kinds of materials in solid, liquid, or gaseous state.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Ddamulira, N. Nsereko, M. Musoke, Frank Pio Kiyingi
{"title":"Community Based Non Communicable Disease Services as a Predictor of Improved Quality of Life of People Living with HIV in Uganda: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Christopher Ddamulira, N. Nsereko, M. Musoke, Frank Pio Kiyingi","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cham Lc, Chuy Kd, Mwembo Ta, Chenge Mf, Tamubango H, Kaniki A, Kalenga Mk
{"title":"Essential Metallic Trace Elements in Post-Delivery Mothers and their Newborns Residing Near and Far from Mining Operating Plants in Lubumbashi","authors":"Cham Lc, Chuy Kd, Mwembo Ta, Chenge Mf, Tamubango H, Kaniki A, Kalenga Mk","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and energy policies raise complex issues about intergenerational justice. We conducted a (SWOT) analysis with the objective of evaluating the Israeli strategy for development and prioritization of natural gas (NG) versus renewable energy (RE) options, focusing on the impacts on current and future generations. Unlike the traditional SWOT evaluation, our analysis proceeds in two stages where the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the current generation are characterized and then a parallel evaluation made for future generations. The severity of the anticipated climate emergency affects many of the components within the parallel SWOT assessments, with several current strengths becoming weaknesses and opportunities transformed into threats for future generations. In analyzing the results, we show the dominant role that inter-generational justice should play in determining a local optimal, energy strategy. While NG holds impressive advantages in the short-term, once long-term considerations and the impact on future generations are considered, NG’s inferiority as a centerpiece of future energy strategy becomes apparent. These dynamics are particularly germane in the case of Israel, which, in recent years, has begun to develop its copious off-shore reserves of NG in the Mediterranean Sea.
{"title":"A Strategic Analysis of National Electricity Generation Alternatives: A Perspective from the Future","authors":"A. Wolfson, O. Ayalon, A. Tal","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120100","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and energy policies raise complex issues about intergenerational justice. We conducted a (SWOT) analysis with the objective of evaluating the Israeli strategy for development and prioritization of natural gas (NG) versus renewable energy (RE) options, focusing on the impacts on current and future generations. Unlike the traditional SWOT evaluation, our analysis proceeds in two stages where the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the current generation are characterized and then a parallel evaluation made for future generations. The severity of the anticipated climate emergency affects many of the components within the parallel SWOT assessments, with several current strengths becoming weaknesses and opportunities transformed into threats for future generations. In analyzing the results, we show the dominant role that inter-generational justice should play in determining a local optimal, energy strategy. While NG holds impressive advantages in the short-term, once long-term considerations and the impact on future generations are considered, NG’s inferiority as a centerpiece of future energy strategy becomes apparent. These dynamics are particularly germane in the case of Israel, which, in recent years, has begun to develop its copious off-shore reserves of NG in the Mediterranean Sea.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201907.0064.V1
R. Melaram
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) may rapidly propagate under favorable conditions, forming dense blooms. As water blooms deteriorate, blue-green algae can generate potent toxins, potentially harmful to companion animals, wildlife, and even humans. One widely recognized cyanobacterial toxin is microcystin. This algal toxin has been implicated in surface waters globally, increasing liver cancer and/or disease risk amongst those who depend on sources prone to microcystin contamination. Interestingly, no study looked at weather conditions when connecting liver health outcomes to freshwater cyanotoxins. The purpose of this study was to determine if climate was an important determinant of liver mortality and total microcystins at the ecological level. Secondary data was used to evaluate the proposed hypothesis. Environmental data (CDC WONDER) and toxin data (USEPA) were used in multivariate regression analysis. Mean daily sunlight and total microcystins were significant predictors of age-adjusted chronic liver disease and cirrhosis death rates. Mean annual precipitation and mean daily max temperature were non-significant predictors. This study demonstrated how microcystins in combination with climate may increase liver mortality. The results can prompt others to study environmental exposures of terminal liver diseases, guiding environmental health and the water industry of human survival needs.
{"title":"Microcystins and Daily Sunlight: Predictors of Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis Mortality","authors":"R. Melaram","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS201907.0064.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS201907.0064.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) may rapidly propagate under favorable conditions, forming dense blooms. As water blooms deteriorate, blue-green algae can generate potent toxins, potentially harmful to companion animals, wildlife, and even humans. One widely recognized cyanobacterial toxin is microcystin. This algal toxin has been implicated in surface waters globally, increasing liver cancer and/or disease risk amongst those who depend on sources prone to microcystin contamination. Interestingly, no study looked at weather conditions when connecting liver health outcomes to freshwater cyanotoxins. The purpose of this study was to determine if climate was an important determinant of liver mortality and total microcystins at the ecological level. Secondary data was used to evaluate the proposed hypothesis. Environmental data (CDC WONDER) and toxin data (USEPA) were used in multivariate regression analysis. Mean daily sunlight and total microcystins were significant predictors of age-adjusted chronic liver disease and cirrhosis death rates. Mean annual precipitation and mean daily max temperature were non-significant predictors. This study demonstrated how microcystins in combination with climate may increase liver mortality. The results can prompt others to study environmental exposures of terminal liver diseases, guiding environmental health and the water industry of human survival needs.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41412670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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