Khawaja Aftab Ahmed, J. Grundy, Lubna Hashmat, Imran Ahmed, Saadia Farrukh, Dexter Bersonda, Muhammad Akram Shah, Soofia Yunus, H. Banskota
Uncertainty regarding numbers and locations of slums resulted in the conducting of urban slum profiles in the ten most populated cities of Pakistan between 2017 and 2019. The aim of this paper is to provide a national overview of health and social conditions in these urban areas and consider the policy and planning implications for improvements in health and social services. The Urban Slum Profiles included physical verification of slums, and assessments of health and social services and an immunisation coverage survey. The profiles found that 48% of the total urban population of the ten cities is living in slums or areas classified as being underserved by essential health services. Lower health service coverage is associated with poor housing and environmental conditions, under-employment, low-income status, inadequate availability of health services, and low health literacy coupled with profound gender and education disparities. Of the 14,531 children surveyed, 53% are fully immunised (n=5774), with rates of zero dose vaccination greater than 15% (n=1985) in six of the ten cities. Facility surveys (n=422 facilities) demonstrate insufficient availability of vaccination, social welfare, and nutrition services. Just 66% (n=9659) of mothers stated that vaccination protects from disease. Low participation in health by community-based organisations reinforces social marginalisation and lack of access to information on health care. Policy and planning implications from these findings rationalise the need for pro equity health services planning in urban poor areas, integration of services, and development of governance and social accountability mechanisms for health and immunization services management and delivery. The development of an integrated urban health strategy with a costed action plan will not only benefit the health of the urban poor, but will also serve to accelerate the overall economic, health and social development of Pakistan.
{"title":"Health, Environmental and Social Conditions for the Urban Poor in the Largest Cities of Pakistan –Policy and Planning Implications for Urban Poor Health Strategy","authors":"Khawaja Aftab Ahmed, J. Grundy, Lubna Hashmat, Imran Ahmed, Saadia Farrukh, Dexter Bersonda, Muhammad Akram Shah, Soofia Yunus, H. Banskota","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120168","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainty regarding numbers and locations of slums resulted in the conducting of urban slum profiles in the ten most populated cities of Pakistan between 2017 and 2019. The aim of this paper is to provide a national overview of health and social conditions in these urban areas and consider the policy and planning implications for improvements in health and social services. The Urban Slum Profiles included physical verification of slums, and assessments of health and social services and an immunisation coverage survey. The profiles found that 48% of the total urban population of the ten cities is living in slums or areas classified as being underserved by essential health services. Lower health service coverage is associated with poor housing and environmental conditions, under-employment, low-income status, inadequate availability of health services, and low health literacy coupled with profound gender and education disparities. Of the 14,531 children surveyed, 53% are fully immunised (n=5774), with rates of zero dose vaccination greater than 15% (n=1985) in six of the ten cities. Facility surveys (n=422 facilities) demonstrate insufficient availability of vaccination, social welfare, and nutrition services. Just 66% (n=9659) of mothers stated that vaccination protects from disease. Low participation in health by community-based organisations reinforces social marginalisation and lack of access to information on health care. Policy and planning implications from these findings rationalise the need for pro equity health services planning in urban poor areas, integration of services, and development of governance and social accountability mechanisms for health and immunization services management and delivery. The development of an integrated urban health strategy with a costed action plan will not only benefit the health of the urban poor, but will also serve to accelerate the overall economic, health and social development of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walimuni Chamindri Sewanka Mendis Abeysekara, M. Siriwardana, S. Meng
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{"title":"ORANI-G-SL – A Computable General Equilibrium Model to Assess the Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Sri Lanka","authors":"Walimuni Chamindri Sewanka Mendis Abeysekara, M. Siriwardana, S. Meng","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120178","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food deserts are areas with limited access to healthy and nutritious food items. Low income is the main contributor of poor health in food deserts. Residents in food deserts have an increased risk of health problems, including higher HbA1c levels, obesity, and increased cardiovascular risks.
{"title":"A Mini-Review: Everything You Need to Know About Food Deserts","authors":"Gopakumar Gopika, Vedala Raghuveer, MD, Vedala Krishna, MD MPH","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120155","url":null,"abstract":"Food deserts are areas with limited access to healthy and nutritious food items. Low income is the main contributor of poor health in food deserts. Residents in food deserts have an increased risk of health problems, including higher HbA1c levels, obesity, and increased cardiovascular risks.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriana Ramos Leite Matalobos, Luiza Ramos Leite Matalobos, C. Tomaz
{"title":"Assessment of Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccination among Health Sciences Students in Northeast Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Adriana Ramos Leite Matalobos, Luiza Ramos Leite Matalobos, C. Tomaz","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of PAHs and Heavy Metals by Waterleaf and Fluted Pumpkin Harvested in four Communities Around Hairdressing Salon Facilities in Abia State, Nigeria.","authors":"D. Ijere, N., Okechukwu R, Ihuoma Jn, Mgbemena Ic, Ogidi OI.","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
the Effect of - A Abstract ECIS is a morphological biosensor that records the electrical properties of cell-covered microelectrodes in an AC circuit, including impedance (ohm), resistance (ohm), and capacitance (μFarad). The objective of the current study was to analyze the suitability of ECIS as a label-free in vitro assay system to understand the effect of external stimuli on cells in real-time, vis-à-vis regular endpoint assays of cytotoxicity. The study analyzed whether fluctuations in the electrical properties of cell-covered microelectrodes reflected dynamic changes in cell morphology on exposure to diesel exhaust particles. Exposure of A549 monolayers in 8 well microarrays to DEP caused significant changes in microelectrode resistance (ohm @4 kHz) like MTT, LDH, and NRU assays and observed corroborative endpoint results. Reactive oxygen species production by DCFHDA assay showed an increase in relative fluorescence indicating ROS to be a possible cause of dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Our findings indicate that ECIS provides many benefits as an alternative method to quantify, automate, and measure the effect of pollutants or particles in real-time when compared to traditional endpoint methods.
{"title":"Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) for Analyzing the Effect of Environmental Pollutants - A Study of Diesel Exhaust Nanoparticles","authors":"Amalu Navas, Maya Nandkumar A","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120166","url":null,"abstract":"the Effect of - A Abstract ECIS is a morphological biosensor that records the electrical properties of cell-covered microelectrodes in an AC circuit, including impedance (ohm), resistance (ohm), and capacitance (μFarad). The objective of the current study was to analyze the suitability of ECIS as a label-free in vitro assay system to understand the effect of external stimuli on cells in real-time, vis-à-vis regular endpoint assays of cytotoxicity. The study analyzed whether fluctuations in the electrical properties of cell-covered microelectrodes reflected dynamic changes in cell morphology on exposure to diesel exhaust particles. Exposure of A549 monolayers in 8 well microarrays to DEP caused significant changes in microelectrode resistance (ohm @4 kHz) like MTT, LDH, and NRU assays and observed corroborative endpoint results. Reactive oxygen species production by DCFHDA assay showed an increase in relative fluorescence indicating ROS to be a possible cause of dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Our findings indicate that ECIS provides many benefits as an alternative method to quantify, automate, and measure the effect of pollutants or particles in real-time when compared to traditional endpoint methods.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Soares Silva, Edmar Bernardes de Oliveira Junior, Jornê Cabral Macedo, Jusciellyson da Silva Nava, Keven Rufino Menezes, Maria Clara dias de Sousa, Ricardo Freitas de Oliveira, Carlos .
Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, and Coping Strategies in People Exposed to Periodic Floods of Capivara River in Imperatriz City – Maranhão State, Brazil. Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health 6 (2022): 109-128. Abstract Introduction: Urban natural disasters, caused by floods due to river overflows, contribute to the environmental degradation of cities and cause physical and material losses. While neuropsychiatric Objective: To investigate the possible relationship between the periodic flooding of Riacho Capivara (Capivara river), in the Vila Ipiranga neighboorhood of the city of Imperatriz – Maranhão State, Brazil, and the appearance or worsening of psychological symptoms in its riverside population, as well as their coping mechanisms to these events. Materials and Methods: Sixty individuals of both sexes, aged between 15 and 75 years, periodically affected by the overflow of the Riacho Capivara from January to April 2021, were studied. Socioeconomic profiles, anxiety and depression levels were evaluated using the Hamilton scale; quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life WHOQOL-bref form; and coping strategies, using the Coping Strategies inventory of Folkman and Lazarus. Results: Most participants were between 15 and 45 years old, most males had elementary school education while females had high school diplomas. For anxiety levels, men were only classified as mild, while women had mild, moderate and, to a lesser extent, severe levels in the Hamilton scale. Mild and moderate degrees of depression were more prevalent in men, while women presented higher percentages of moderate and severe degrees. While, overall, the quality of life was compromised, most subjects used different coping strategies to face adversity. The adversely impact the quality of life of riverside populations, as they presented high percentages of anxiety and depression according to the Hamilton scale. However, these individuals demonstrate a great capacity for coping and resilience-linked coping strategies.
{"title":"Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, and Coping Strategies in People Exposed to Periodic Floods of Capivara River in Imperatriz City – Maranhão State, Brazil","authors":"Antonio Soares Silva, Edmar Bernardes de Oliveira Junior, Jornê Cabral Macedo, Jusciellyson da Silva Nava, Keven Rufino Menezes, Maria Clara dias de Sousa, Ricardo Freitas de Oliveira, Carlos .","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120160","url":null,"abstract":"Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, and Coping Strategies in People Exposed to Periodic Floods of Capivara River in Imperatriz City – Maranhão State, Brazil. Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health 6 (2022): 109-128. Abstract Introduction: Urban natural disasters, caused by floods due to river overflows, contribute to the environmental degradation of cities and cause physical and material losses. While neuropsychiatric Objective: To investigate the possible relationship between the periodic flooding of Riacho Capivara (Capivara river), in the Vila Ipiranga neighboorhood of the city of Imperatriz – Maranhão State, Brazil, and the appearance or worsening of psychological symptoms in its riverside population, as well as their coping mechanisms to these events. Materials and Methods: Sixty individuals of both sexes, aged between 15 and 75 years, periodically affected by the overflow of the Riacho Capivara from January to April 2021, were studied. Socioeconomic profiles, anxiety and depression levels were evaluated using the Hamilton scale; quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life WHOQOL-bref form; and coping strategies, using the Coping Strategies inventory of Folkman and Lazarus. Results: Most participants were between 15 and 45 years old, most males had elementary school education while females had high school diplomas. For anxiety levels, men were only classified as mild, while women had mild, moderate and, to a lesser extent, severe levels in the Hamilton scale. Mild and moderate degrees of depression were more prevalent in men, while women presented higher percentages of moderate and severe degrees. While, overall, the quality of life was compromised, most subjects used different coping strategies to face adversity. The adversely impact the quality of life of riverside populations, as they presented high percentages of anxiety and depression according to the Hamilton scale. However, these individuals demonstrate a great capacity for coping and resilience-linked coping strategies.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riaz. Polar Ice Caps Melting- A Hallmark to Vanishing Ice along with a Global Climate Change- and Addressing to 135-144. Abstract There is a firm evidence that polar ice-caps are, in places, swiftly melting. This is both in response to emergence from the last ice age but also ongoing rises in atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the Arctic and the Antarctic Peninsula the number of glaciers retreating and retreat rates are increasing and there is much consensus on some effects of this on biodiversity. Ice reduction is leading to new sea- ways, and habitat for ice associated organisms is regionally dying out. More light and heat will get entrance into the water column, increasing primary productivity and sinks by the the Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health some evidence suggests particular sensitivity to environmental aspects.
{"title":"Polar Ice Caps Melting- A Hallmark to Vanishing Ice along with a Global Climate Change- and Addressing Solutions to it","authors":"I. Amjad, R. Noor, A. Khalid, S. Riaz","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120161","url":null,"abstract":"Riaz. Polar Ice Caps Melting- A Hallmark to Vanishing Ice along with a Global Climate Change- and Addressing to 135-144. Abstract There is a firm evidence that polar ice-caps are, in places, swiftly melting. This is both in response to emergence from the last ice age but also ongoing rises in atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the Arctic and the Antarctic Peninsula the number of glaciers retreating and retreat rates are increasing and there is much consensus on some effects of this on biodiversity. Ice reduction is leading to new sea- ways, and habitat for ice associated organisms is regionally dying out. More light and heat will get entrance into the water column, increasing primary productivity and sinks by the the Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health some evidence suggests particular sensitivity to environmental aspects.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Saab, C. Tomaz, Renato Álvaro Genaro, Jéssica Mendes de Souza, P. Barata
{"title":"Serological Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women in Brazilian Federal District and its Possible Association with Sanitation Conditions","authors":"Fernando Saab, C. Tomaz, Renato Álvaro Genaro, Jéssica Mendes de Souza, P. Barata","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
046-064. Abstract Historical celebrities play an important role in the development of human history. This paper has studied the geological and ecological environment of Chinese historical celebrities, the results show that The time-space evolution characteristics of historical celebrities is a true reflection and faithful record of the natural environment changes and human survivability in mainland China in 4,000 years. The distribution of the total number of historical celebrities in all provinces is subject to various factors, Among them, per capita annual income, population density, drinking water iodine content, annual average temperature, soil Mo, Ca, K, Sr, Mg and other indicators are positively correlated, but negatively correlated with altitude, river water hardness, soil As, and organic carbon. Maintaining ideological and cultural celebrities and constructive political and military celebrities, critical thought and cultural celebrities and destructive political and military celebrities, the distribution of stratum age, rock type, soil type, ecological type and soil life element content of these important historical celebrities birthplaces, the distribution of stratum age, rock type, soil type, ecological type and soil life element content of these important historical celebrities birthplaces, there were significant differences. Among them, the contents of Ca, Na, Sr and other elements in the soil of the celebrities of critical and destructive history birthplace were significantly reduced, while Si, Al, K/Na, Ti, V, Zn, Cu, Mo, U, Pb, Hg, Cd, etc. elemental content is significantly increased. The natural Health environment restricts the quantity distribution of historical celebrities and also affects the social and historical functions of important historical celebrities. This research opens up a new field of cultural geography and psychogeology research.
{"title":"Geological and Ecological Environment of Chinese Historical Celebrities","authors":"J. Gong","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120154","url":null,"abstract":"046-064. Abstract Historical celebrities play an important role in the development of human history. This paper has studied the geological and ecological environment of Chinese historical celebrities, the results show that The time-space evolution characteristics of historical celebrities is a true reflection and faithful record of the natural environment changes and human survivability in mainland China in 4,000 years. The distribution of the total number of historical celebrities in all provinces is subject to various factors, Among them, per capita annual income, population density, drinking water iodine content, annual average temperature, soil Mo, Ca, K, Sr, Mg and other indicators are positively correlated, but negatively correlated with altitude, river water hardness, soil As, and organic carbon. Maintaining ideological and cultural celebrities and constructive political and military celebrities, critical thought and cultural celebrities and destructive political and military celebrities, the distribution of stratum age, rock type, soil type, ecological type and soil life element content of these important historical celebrities birthplaces, the distribution of stratum age, rock type, soil type, ecological type and soil life element content of these important historical celebrities birthplaces, there were significant differences. Among them, the contents of Ca, Na, Sr and other elements in the soil of the celebrities of critical and destructive history birthplace were significantly reduced, while Si, Al, K/Na, Ti, V, Zn, Cu, Mo, U, Pb, Hg, Cd, etc. elemental content is significantly increased. The natural Health environment restricts the quantity distribution of historical celebrities and also affects the social and historical functions of important historical celebrities. This research opens up a new field of cultural geography and psychogeology research.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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