J. Merrigan, Nina L Stute, J. Eckerle, Nick S. Mackowski, J. Walters, Maegan L. O'Connor, Kristyn N. Barrett, Robert Robert, A. Strang, Joshua A. Hagen
Introduction: The aim was to determine reliability and validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) compared to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Methods: Participants (n=93) were fasted and euhydrated (confirmed with urine specific gravity, USG) and underwent anthropometrics, DEXA scan (GE Prodigy), and three repeated trials on each BIA device (i.e., InBody 770, SECA mBCA 514, and FitTrack). A subset of participants (n=36) re-tested 12-weeks later to investigate longitudinal changes. Results: All BIA devices had acceptable within-session reliability (coefficient of variation < 2%). Agreement with DEXA was unacceptable, poor, and moderate for FitTrack (Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient, CCC=0.61), InBody (CCC=0.88), and SECA (CCC=0.91). FitTrack did not demonstrate systematic bias but had wide limits of agreement and larger underestimations occurring at higher BF%. InBody showed systematic underestimations with proportionate bias demonstrating more error at lower BF%. SECA demonstrated no bias but tended to underestimate BF% according to Bland-Altman Plots. Errors in BIA BF% estimates were not related with USG but were associated with DEXA measured BF%. The subtle 12-week changes in BF% did not agree between BIA and DEXA. Conclusions: Caution should be taken when using BIA devices to assess BF% as devices demonstrated unacceptable agreement compared to DEXA.
{"title":"Reliability and Validity of Contemporary Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Devices for Body Composition Assessment","authors":"J. Merrigan, Nina L Stute, J. Eckerle, Nick S. Mackowski, J. Walters, Maegan L. O'Connor, Kristyn N. Barrett, Robert Robert, A. Strang, Joshua A. Hagen","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103133","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim was to determine reliability and validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) compared to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).\u0000Methods: Participants (n=93) were fasted and euhydrated (confirmed with urine specific gravity, USG) and underwent anthropometrics, DEXA scan (GE Prodigy), and three repeated trials on each BIA device (i.e., InBody 770, SECA mBCA 514, and FitTrack). A subset of participants (n=36) re-tested 12-weeks later to investigate longitudinal changes.\u0000Results: All BIA devices had acceptable within-session reliability (coefficient of variation < 2%). Agreement with DEXA was unacceptable, poor, and moderate for FitTrack (Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient, CCC=0.61), InBody (CCC=0.88), and SECA (CCC=0.91). FitTrack did not demonstrate systematic bias but had wide limits of agreement and larger underestimations occurring at higher BF%. InBody showed systematic underestimations with proportionate bias demonstrating more error at lower BF%. SECA demonstrated no bias but tended to underestimate BF% according to Bland-Altman Plots. Errors in BIA BF% estimates were not related with USG but were associated with DEXA measured BF%. The subtle 12-week changes in BF% did not agree between BIA and DEXA.\u0000Conclusions: Caution should be taken when using BIA devices to assess BF% as devices demonstrated unacceptable agreement compared to DEXA.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44532682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of consuming either591.5 mL of water or 591.5 mL of isovolumic protein shake (160 kcal, 3 g fat, 4 g carbohydrate, 30 g protein) on indices of body composition. Methods: Forty-two recreationally active men (n=13) and women (n=29) (mean±SD – height 168±10 cm, age 22±5 yr, body mass 69.8±11.2 kg) consumed 591.5 mL of water or a protein shake in a randomized, crossover study. Body composition was assessed via multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (InBody 270) at baseline, immediately post-consumption (0 minutes), 30 minutes post-consumption, and 60 minutes post-consumption. Results: There were no significant changes in body mass, lean body mass, and fat mass between the water and protein groups over the treatment period. In both water and protein groups, percent body fat was significantly greater (p<0.0001) at time points 0, 30, and 60 minutes compared to baseline. Conclusions: The acute consumption of either water or an isovolumic protein shake resulted in a measurable increase in percent body fat immediately post-consumption as well as 30 and 60 minutes thereafter.
{"title":"The Acute Consumption of an Isovolumic Water or Protein Shake Affects Body Composition as Determined via a Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis","authors":"Lia M. Jiannine, C. Evans, J. Antonio","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103129","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of consuming either591.5 mL of water or 591.5 mL of isovolumic protein shake (160 kcal, 3 g fat, 4 g carbohydrate, 30 g protein) on indices of body composition.\u0000Methods: Forty-two recreationally active men (n=13) and women (n=29) (mean±SD – height 168±10 cm, age 22±5 yr, body mass 69.8±11.2 kg) consumed 591.5 mL of water or a protein shake in a randomized, crossover study. Body composition was assessed via multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (InBody 270) at baseline, immediately post-consumption (0 minutes), 30 minutes post-consumption, and 60 minutes post-consumption.\u0000Results: There were no significant changes in body mass, lean body mass, and fat mass between the water and protein groups over the treatment period. In both water and protein groups, percent body fat was significantly greater (p<0.0001) at time points 0, 30, and 60 minutes compared to baseline.\u0000Conclusions: The acute consumption of either water or an isovolumic protein shake resulted in a measurable increase in percent body fat immediately post-consumption as well as 30 and 60 minutes thereafter.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46512915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Evans, Jackie Kaminski, C. Peacock, Chris Algieri, José Luis de Rojas, Juan Carlos Santana, Anthony Ricci, J. Antonio
Introduction: There is a dearth of data on professional fighters, particularly in mixed martial arts. Thus, this investigation aimed to describe the body composition variables of male and female professional fighters. Methods: A total of 28 professional fighters participated in this investigation (n=22 male, n=6 female). The majority (68%) of the fighters competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) (n=19). The remaining fighters competed in various other promotions (e.g., WBO, IBF, UFC, Bellator, Eagle FC, Invicta.). Body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Total and regional body composition was determined. Results: There were significant sex differences for Height: Male 180.3 ± 6.7 cm, Female 164.3 ± 6.8 cm (P < .001); Body mass: Male 86.5 ± 11.5 kg, Female 63.3 ± 4.9 kg (P < .001), lean body mass: Male 12.7 ± 2.7 kg, Female 46.7 ± 3.9 kg (P < .001), whole body bone mineral density: Male 1.53 ± 0.13 g/cm2, Female 1.26 ± 0.10 g/cm2 (P < .001), Z-score: Male 2.57 ± 0.88, Female 1.68 ± 1.06 (P < .05), regional bone mineral density (except for the head), regional percent fat (except for the head), and percent body fat; however, no differences were found for age or whole-body fat mass. In males, there was a significant relationship between body mass and lean mass with bone mineral density (p < 0.005, R2 = 0.357). Furthermore, there existed within-sex differences for male fighters. Male fighters' percent fat was significantly different when comparing their left vs. right sides for both the upper and lower extremities. Conclusions: It is evident that profound sex differences exist vis a vis body composition in professional fighters. It should be noted that bone mineral density is exceedingly high in this group of athletes. Furthermore, there tends to be asymmetry in the percent fat of the extremities in male fighters.
{"title":"Between- and Within-Sex Differences in Body Composition Variables in Professional MMA Fighters and Boxers","authors":"C. Evans, Jackie Kaminski, C. Peacock, Chris Algieri, José Luis de Rojas, Juan Carlos Santana, Anthony Ricci, J. Antonio","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103130","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is a dearth of data on professional fighters, particularly in mixed martial arts. Thus, this investigation aimed to describe the body composition variables of male and female professional fighters.\u0000Methods: A total of 28 professional fighters participated in this investigation (n=22 male, n=6 female). The majority (68%) of the fighters competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) (n=19). The remaining fighters competed in various other promotions (e.g., WBO, IBF, UFC, Bellator, Eagle FC, Invicta.). Body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Total and regional body composition was determined. \u0000Results: There were significant sex differences for Height: Male 180.3 ± 6.7 cm, Female 164.3 ± 6.8 cm (P < .001); Body mass: Male 86.5 ± 11.5 kg, Female 63.3 ± 4.9 kg (P < .001), lean body mass: Male 12.7 ± 2.7 kg, Female 46.7 ± 3.9 kg (P < .001), whole body bone mineral density: Male 1.53 ± 0.13 g/cm2, Female 1.26 ± 0.10 g/cm2 (P < .001), Z-score: Male 2.57 ± 0.88, Female 1.68 ± 1.06 (P < .05), regional bone mineral density (except for the head), regional percent fat (except for the head), and percent body fat; however, no differences were found for age or whole-body fat mass. In males, there was a significant relationship between body mass and lean mass with bone mineral density (p < 0.005, R2 = 0.357). Furthermore, there existed within-sex differences for male fighters. Male fighters' percent fat was significantly different when comparing their left vs. right sides for both the upper and lower extremities.\u0000Conclusions: It is evident that profound sex differences exist vis a vis body composition in professional fighters. It should be noted that bone mineral density is exceedingly high in this group of athletes. Furthermore, there tends to be asymmetry in the percent fat of the extremities in male fighters.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44138942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Tartar, M. Astacio, Minh N Chau, Lois Lin, Ashley LeMoire, Jonathan Banks
Introduction: The prevalence of using dietary supplements among teenagers is rising. In particular, the use of nutritional supplements to improve cognitive performance is becoming more commonplace. Given the prevalence of use, it is important to empirically assess the effects of nutritional supplements on cognitive performance. The current study sought to test the effects of an existing cognition supplement, Brain Doctors’ Formula® (BDF) Mega Brain Boost® (MBB), across different cognitive domains in a healthy teenage population. Methods: We carried out a 6-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. The study lasted approximately 42 days (6 weeks) for each participant. Study visits included screening and baseline testing, week 3 interim and week 6 end of study visit. Cognition outcomes were measured by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognitive Battery of Testing (Dimensional Change, Flanker, and Pattern Comparison) and a Symmetry Span Task at baseline, interim, and final visits. Another efficacy outcome was the self-assessment of mind wandering, which was captured in a study daily diary from baseline to the end of study visit. There were two study groups, including one MBB group and one placebo group. Twenty-four participants were screened and randomized to include 12 participants in each group. Results: The change from baseline to interim (Week 3) and from baseline to the final visit (Week 6) did not show a significant between-group difference on any measure of cognition (all p-values >0.05) except one. There was a significant between-group difference with a large effect size at Week 3 showing that the MBB group performed significantly better than the placebo group on the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task. Conclusions: This study suggests that MBB potentially improves executive cognitive processes (as assessed by the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task) in healthy teenagers. However, this effect was only significant at the interim visit. Therefore, it is uncertain if there are any lasting beneficial effects. Further research should be conducted in a larger group of participants and focus on broader measures of executive function.
{"title":"A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Purported Dietary Supplement Cognitive Enhancer in Healthy Teenage Subjects","authors":"J. Tartar, M. Astacio, Minh N Chau, Lois Lin, Ashley LeMoire, Jonathan Banks","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103131","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The prevalence of using dietary supplements among teenagers is rising. In particular, the use of nutritional supplements to improve cognitive performance is becoming more commonplace. Given the prevalence of use, it is important to empirically assess the effects of nutritional supplements on cognitive performance. The current study sought to test the effects of an existing cognition supplement, Brain Doctors’ Formula® (BDF) Mega Brain Boost® (MBB), across different cognitive domains in a healthy teenage population.\u0000Methods: We carried out a 6-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. The study lasted approximately 42 days (6 weeks) for each participant. Study visits included screening and baseline testing, week 3 interim and week 6 end of study visit. Cognition outcomes were measured by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognitive Battery of Testing (Dimensional Change, Flanker, and Pattern Comparison) and a Symmetry Span Task at baseline, interim, and final visits. Another efficacy outcome was the self-assessment of mind wandering, which was captured in a study daily diary from baseline to the end of study visit. There were two study groups, including one MBB group and one placebo group. Twenty-four participants were screened and randomized to include 12 participants in each group.\u0000Results: The change from baseline to interim (Week 3) and from baseline to the final visit (Week 6) did not show a significant between-group difference on any measure of cognition (all p-values >0.05) except one. There was a significant between-group difference with a large effect size at Week 3 showing that the MBB group performed significantly better than the placebo group on the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task.\u0000Conclusions: This study suggests that MBB potentially improves executive cognitive processes (as assessed by the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task) in healthy teenagers. However, this effect was only significant at the interim visit. Therefore, it is uncertain if there are any lasting beneficial effects. Further research should be conducted in a larger group of participants and focus on broader measures of executive function.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45161650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goutam Mondal, Yan-hong Wang, Ryan Yates, R. Bloomer, M. Butawan
Introduction: Methylliberine and theacrine are methylurates found in the leaves of various Coffea species and Camellia assamica var. kucha, respectively. We previously demonstrated that the methylxanthine caffeine increased theacrine’s oral bioavailability in humans. Methods: Consequently, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacokinetic study in humans administered methylliberine, theacrine, and caffeine to determine methylliberine’s pharmacokinetic interaction potential with either caffeine or theacrine. Subjects received an oral dose of either methylliberine, caffeine, methylliberine plus caffeine, or methylliberine plus theacrine using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Blood samples were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. Results: Methylliberine exhibited linear pharmacokinetics that were unaffected by co-administration of either caffeine or theacrine. However, methylliberine co-administration resulted in decreased oral clearance (41.9 ± 19.5 vs. 17.1 ± 7.80 L/hr) and increased half-life (7.2 ± 5.6 versus 15 ± 5.8 hrs) of caffeine. Methylliberine had no impact on caffeine’s maximum concentration (440 ± 140 vs. 458 ± 93.5 ng/mL) or oral volume of distribution (351 ± 148 vs. 316 ± 76.4 L). Conclusions: We previously demonstrated theacrine bioavailability was enhanced by caffeine, however, caffeine pharmacokinetics were unaffected by theacrine. Herein, we found that methylliberine altered caffeine pharmacokinetics without a reciprocal interaction, which suggests caffeine may interact uniquely with different methylurates.
{"title":"Caffeine and Methylliberine: A Human Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study","authors":"Goutam Mondal, Yan-hong Wang, Ryan Yates, R. Bloomer, M. Butawan","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103124","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Methylliberine and theacrine are methylurates found in the leaves of various Coffea species and Camellia assamica var. kucha, respectively. We previously demonstrated that the methylxanthine caffeine increased theacrine’s oral bioavailability in humans.\u0000Methods: Consequently, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacokinetic study in humans administered methylliberine, theacrine, and caffeine to determine methylliberine’s pharmacokinetic interaction potential with either caffeine or theacrine. Subjects received an oral dose of either methylliberine, caffeine, methylliberine plus caffeine, or methylliberine plus theacrine using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Blood samples were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. \u0000Results: Methylliberine exhibited linear pharmacokinetics that were unaffected by co-administration of either caffeine or theacrine. However, methylliberine co-administration resulted in decreased oral clearance (41.9 ± 19.5 vs. 17.1 ± 7.80 L/hr) and increased half-life (7.2 ± 5.6 versus 15 ± 5.8 hrs) of caffeine. Methylliberine had no impact on caffeine’s maximum concentration (440 ± 140 vs. 458 ± 93.5 ng/mL) or oral volume of distribution (351 ± 148 vs. 316 ± 76.4 L).\u0000Conclusions: We previously demonstrated theacrine bioavailability was enhanced by caffeine, however, caffeine pharmacokinetics were unaffected by theacrine. Herein, we found that methylliberine altered caffeine pharmacokinetics without a reciprocal interaction, which suggests caffeine may interact uniquely with different methylurates.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To examine the effect of HMB on body weight and body composition and characteristics of metabolic syndrome. Methods: Newly weaned Wistar rats (n=36) received a regular diet for 4 weeks. Thereafter, rats were allocated to three groups (n=12/group). All groups received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Group one received HMB (320mg/kg BW /d) and an exercise regimen; group two received HMB with no exercise and group three received a placebo with no exercise (control group). Bodyweight (BW), body composition, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pulse rate, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and blood glucose (BG) response to a glucose load were measured. Results: BW and food intake were not affected by either HMB supplement or exercise. Body fat was lower in HMB and HMB + exercise compared with the control group at week 12. The glucose response to glucose preload was lower in HMB and HMB + exercise groups compared with control at week 12. No effect of either HMB or exercise on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study support the beneficial effects of HMB supplements on body composition and glucose metabolism. However, the HMB supplement did not have any additional effect when combined with an exercise regimen.
{"title":"The Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl Butyrate in Response to Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Body Weight, Body Composition and Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Jahan-mihan, Natalie Wrightson","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103128","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To examine the effect of HMB on body weight and body composition and characteristics of metabolic syndrome. \u0000Methods: Newly weaned Wistar rats (n=36) received a regular diet for 4 weeks. Thereafter, rats were allocated to three groups (n=12/group). All groups received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Group one received HMB (320mg/kg BW /d) and an exercise regimen; group two received HMB with no exercise and group three received a placebo with no exercise (control group). Bodyweight (BW), body composition, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pulse rate, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and blood glucose (BG) response to a glucose load were measured. \u0000Results: BW and food intake were not affected by either HMB supplement or exercise. Body fat was lower in HMB and HMB + exercise compared with the control group at week 12. The glucose response to glucose preload was lower in HMB and HMB + exercise groups compared with control at week 12. No effect of either HMB or exercise on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse was observed. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study support the beneficial effects of HMB supplements on body composition and glucose metabolism. However, the HMB supplement did not have any additional effect when combined with an exercise regimen.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43427956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Magnesium is an uncommon electrolyte in a sports hydration drink despite the fact that many endurance athletes suffer from muscle cramps and soreness during marathon events. We tested if an optimal amount of elemental magnesium (100 mg/serving) in an electrolyte mix during a marathon can reduce the incidence and severity of muscle cramps. Methods: The open survey was conducted using a questionnaire about muscle cramps that participating athletes completed after finishing the half-marathon race. The half-marathon course was identical in two separate events held at the same location. Participating athletes had magnesium-rich electrolyte mix, MAGNAK or water for hydration. The number of athletes who had mild-moderate and/or severe muscle cramps were recorded in this post-event survey. Results: A total of 86 athletes participated in the survey during event 1 and 98 in event 2. Amongst the athletes who only had water for hydration, approximately 46% of athletes had muscle cramps as compared to 21% in those who hydrated with MAGNAK (p=0.002). Hydration with MAGNAK reduced the incidence of both, mild-moderate as well as severe muscle cramps in both events. Mild-moderate muscle cramps occurred in 12% of athletes who hydrated with MAGNAK as compared to 26% in those who used water for hydration (p=0.02). Incidence of severe muscle cramps was reduced from 20% to 9% by MAGNAK on average in the composite data (p=0.04). Conclusions: Magnesium-rich electrolyte mix MAGNAK was highly effective in reducing mild to severe exercise associated muscle cramps in half-marathon runners.
{"title":"A Magnesium-Rich Electrolyte Hydration Mix Reduces Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps in Half-Marathon Runners","authors":"Sourabh Kharait","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103126","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Magnesium is an uncommon electrolyte in a sports hydration drink despite the fact that many endurance athletes suffer from muscle cramps and soreness during marathon events. We tested if an optimal amount of elemental magnesium (100 mg/serving) in an electrolyte mix during a marathon can reduce the incidence and severity of muscle cramps.\u0000Methods: The open survey was conducted using a questionnaire about muscle cramps that participating athletes completed after finishing the half-marathon race. The half-marathon course was identical in two separate events held at the same location. Participating athletes had magnesium-rich electrolyte mix, MAGNAK or water for hydration. The number of athletes who had mild-moderate and/or severe muscle cramps were recorded in this post-event survey.\u0000Results: A total of 86 athletes participated in the survey during event 1 and 98 in event 2. Amongst the athletes who only had water for hydration, approximately 46% of athletes had muscle cramps as compared to 21% in those who hydrated with MAGNAK (p=0.002). Hydration with MAGNAK reduced the incidence of both, mild-moderate as well as severe muscle cramps in both events. Mild-moderate muscle cramps occurred in 12% of athletes who hydrated with MAGNAK as compared to 26% in those who used water for hydration (p=0.02). Incidence of severe muscle cramps was reduced from 20% to 9% by MAGNAK on average in the composite data (p=0.04). \u0000Conclusions: Magnesium-rich electrolyte mix MAGNAK was highly effective in reducing mild to severe exercise associated muscle cramps in half-marathon runners.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44555649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Goldstein, Jeffrey R Stout, Tristan M. Starling-Smith, D. Fukuda
Introduction: The addition of protein to a carbohydrate solution has been shown to effectively stimulate glycogen synthesis in an acute setting and enhance exercise performance in a subsequent bout of exhaustive exercise. This study examined the effects of carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P), carbohydrate (CHO), and placebo (PLA) within a 2-hour recovery period on subsequent high-intensity exercise performance. Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind between-subject design. Participants (n = 25) were assigned to consume one of three beverages during a 2-hour recovery period: PLA, CHO (1.2 g/kg bm), or CHO-P (0.8 g/kg bm CHO + 0.4 g/kg bm PRO). During Visit#1, participants completed graded exercise testing (VO2peak; cycle ergometer). Familiarization (Visit#2) consisted of 5 x 4 min intervals at 70-80% of peak power output [PPO, watts] with two minutes of active recovery at 50W, followed by time to exhaustion [TTE] at 90% PPO. The same high-intensity interval protocol with TTE was conducted pre-and post-beverage consumption on Visit #3. Results: The ANCOVA indicated a significant difference among the group means for the posttest TTE (F2,21=8.248, p=.002, ƞ2=.440) and RER (F2,21=6.811, p=.005, ƞ2=.393) values after adjusting for the pretest differences. Conclusions: Carbohydrate-protein co-ingestion was effective in promoting an increase in TTE performance with limited time to recover.
{"title":"Carbohydrate-Protein Coingestion Enhances Cycling Performance with Minimal Recovery Time between Bouts of Exhaustive Intermittent Exercise","authors":"E. Goldstein, Jeffrey R Stout, Tristan M. Starling-Smith, D. Fukuda","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103125","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The addition of protein to a carbohydrate solution has been shown to effectively stimulate glycogen synthesis in an acute setting and enhance exercise performance in a subsequent bout of exhaustive exercise. This study examined the effects of carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P), carbohydrate (CHO), and placebo (PLA) within a 2-hour recovery period on subsequent high-intensity exercise performance.\u0000Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind between-subject design. Participants (n = 25) were assigned to consume one of three beverages during a 2-hour recovery period: PLA, CHO (1.2 g/kg bm), or CHO-P (0.8 g/kg bm CHO + 0.4 g/kg bm PRO). During Visit#1, participants completed graded exercise testing (VO2peak; cycle ergometer). Familiarization (Visit#2) consisted of 5 x 4 min intervals at 70-80% of peak power output [PPO, watts] with two minutes of active recovery at 50W, followed by time to exhaustion [TTE] at 90% PPO. The same high-intensity interval protocol with TTE was conducted pre-and post-beverage consumption on Visit #3.\u0000Results: The ANCOVA indicated a significant difference among the group means for the posttest TTE (F2,21=8.248, p=.002, ƞ2=.440) and RER (F2,21=6.811, p=.005, ƞ2=.393) values after adjusting for the pretest differences.\u0000Conclusions: Carbohydrate-protein co-ingestion was effective in promoting an increase in TTE performance with limited time to recover.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41834733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jess Groch, Rebecca Gonter-Dray, D. Cuy Castellanos
Introduction: The objective of this pilot study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a skill-based sports nutrition education intervention, informed by previous research, with the goal of improving self-efficacy skills and diet quality in division I collegiate volleyball athletes. Methods. This was a pilot study. The nutrition education intervention was evaluated from baseline to post-intervention by comparing sports nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy skills, and dietary intake to determine the success of the program. Descriptives were used to examine the impact of the program. Results: The pilot intervention was developed to integrate skill-based sport nutrition education. Specific validated impact measures were identified and implemented. All seven volleyball athletes attended the six sessions. Carbohydrate intake (+.4) and sports nutrition self-efficacy scores for meal planning (+.54), cooking (+.14) and choosing healthy foods (+.29) improved from pre- to post-intervention. Conclusion: Using research to guide the development of targeted sports nutrition interventions for specific athlete populations could enhance learning and behavior change. Due to the lack of consistent evaluation measures across studies, impact and outcomes of certain interventions are difficult to determine.
{"title":"Building Collegiate Student-Athlete Self-Efficacy to Improve Diet Quality through a Pilot Nutrition Intervention","authors":"Jess Groch, Rebecca Gonter-Dray, D. Cuy Castellanos","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103122","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The objective of this pilot study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a skill-based sports nutrition education intervention, informed by previous research, with the goal of improving self-efficacy skills and diet quality in division I collegiate volleyball athletes.\u0000Methods. This was a pilot study. The nutrition education intervention was evaluated from baseline to post-intervention by comparing sports nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy skills, and dietary intake to determine the success of the program. Descriptives were used to examine the impact of the program.\u0000Results: The pilot intervention was developed to integrate skill-based sport nutrition education. Specific validated impact measures were identified and implemented. All seven volleyball athletes attended the six sessions. Carbohydrate intake (+.4) and sports nutrition self-efficacy scores for meal planning (+.54), cooking (+.14) and choosing healthy foods (+.29) improved from pre- to post-intervention.\u0000Conclusion: Using research to guide the development of targeted sports nutrition interventions for specific athlete populations could enhance learning and behavior change. Due to the lack of consistent evaluation measures across studies, impact and outcomes of certain interventions are difficult to determine.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44174860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Perez, G. Rosales‐Soto, A. Glaves, P. Echeverry, Camila Parada, José Gómez-López, Francisco Morales-Acuna, Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic caused a worldwide change in daily habits. Women have reported exercising more during the lockdown and maintaining their healthy habits when obligated to stay home with guidance. Objective: This work aimed to determine how the one-on-one personal training guidance affects training volumes and knowledge to maintain healthy habits during the COVID-19 lockdown on physically active young women. Methods: Twenty-three women participated in the study. Strength and conditioning coaches quantified the training workload before and during the quarantine for each subject. Nutritional intake was obtained through a 24-hour recall and a consumption frequency survey during quarantine. Results: No significant differences were found between PRE and InQ body weight (56.6 ± 7.0 kg vs. 57.4 ± 7.1 kg), upper body training frequency (3.4 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 1.0), and lower body training frequency (3.4 ± 0.8 vs. 3.9 ± 1.0). The total calculation of lower-body volume shows a trend of reduction PRE vs. InQ (p = 0.051). Conclusions: COVID-19 negatively affects training volumes on physically active women. However, a one-on-one follow-up by qualified trainers could support training quality and safety.
简介：新冠肺炎大流行导致了全球日常习惯的改变。据报道，女性在封锁期间锻炼得更多，并在有义务呆在家里接受指导时保持健康习惯。目的：这项工作旨在确定一对一个人培训指导如何影响新冠肺炎封锁期间对身体活跃的年轻女性保持健康习惯的培训量和知识。方法：23名女性参与了这项研究。力量和体能教练量化了每个受试者在隔离前和隔离期间的训练工作量。营养摄入是通过24小时召回和隔离期间的消费频率调查获得的。结果：PRE与InQ体重（56.6±7.0 kg vs.57.4±7.1 kg）、上半身训练频率（3.4±0.8 vs.3.4±1.0）和下半身训练频率之间无显著差异。InQ（p=0.051）。结论：新冠肺炎对体育活动女性的训练量产生负面影响。然而，由合格的培训师进行一对一的后续行动可以支持培训质量和安全。
{"title":"Training and Nutritional Habits Before and During COVID-19 Quarantine on Physically Active Women","authors":"J. Perez, G. Rosales‐Soto, A. Glaves, P. Echeverry, Camila Parada, José Gómez-López, Francisco Morales-Acuna, Matías Monsalves-Álvarez","doi":"10.53520/jen2022.103123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103123","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic caused a worldwide change in daily habits. Women have reported exercising more during the lockdown and maintaining their healthy habits when obligated to stay home with guidance.\u0000Objective: This work aimed to determine how the one-on-one personal training guidance affects training volumes and knowledge to maintain healthy habits during the COVID-19 lockdown on physically active young women.\u0000Methods: Twenty-three women participated in the study. Strength and conditioning coaches quantified the training workload before and during the quarantine for each subject. Nutritional intake was obtained through a 24-hour recall and a consumption frequency survey during quarantine.\u0000Results: No significant differences were found between PRE and InQ body weight (56.6 ± 7.0 kg vs. 57.4 ± 7.1 kg), upper body training frequency (3.4 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 1.0), and lower body training frequency (3.4 ± 0.8 vs. 3.9 ± 1.0). The total calculation of lower-body volume shows a trend of reduction PRE vs. InQ (p = 0.051).\u0000Conclusions: COVID-19 negatively affects training volumes on physically active women. However, a one-on-one follow-up by qualified trainers could support training quality and safety.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45409866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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