Christopher Kotarsky, Benjamin Louchheim, Caroline Saros, Hayden Smith, Kayla Rose, Stephen J Ives
Introduction: Recent research has suggested that medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation may increase fat oxidation (FatOx) during aerobic exercise, sparing muscle glycogen and, perhaps, enhancing performance. As both MCT and caffeine (CAF) are theorized to elicit these effects, this pilot study’s purpose was to compare the physiological responses of their combined supplementation during submaximal cycling exercise. Methods: Eight aerobically trained males (mean±SD; age 23.6±4.4 years; body mass 82.3±15.8 kg; height 180.9±8.7 cm) completed one aerobic capacity (VO2peak) test and three 45-min exercise trials at 60% VO2peak. Blinded and counterbalanced, one-hour prior to each trial, participants consumed: MCT+CAF (20 mL + 100 mg), long-chain triglycerides (LCT)+CAF (40 mL + 100 mg), or CAF (100 mg). Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and minute ventilation (VE) were measured, subsequently calculating respiratory exchange ratio (RER), energy expenditure (EE), carbohydrate oxidation (CarbOx), and FatOx. Results: No significant differences between conditions were observed for average VO2 (p=0.474; η2=0.101), VE (p=0.323; η2=0.149), (RER (p=0.323; η2=0.149), EE (p=0.474; η2=0.101), CarbOx (p=0.274; η2=0.169), or FatOx (p=0.478; η2=0.100) or for total EE (p=0.474; η2=0.101), CarbOx (p=0.274; η2=0.169), or FatOx (p=0.478; η2=0.100). Conclusions: Co-ingestion of MCT+CAF didn’t produce any significantly different physiological responses compared to co-ingestion of LCT+CAF or the CAF control.
导言：最近的研究表明，补充中链甘油三酯（MCT）可在有氧运动中增加脂肪氧化（FatOx），从而节省肌糖原，并可能提高运动成绩。由于中链甘油三酯（MCT）和咖啡因（CAF）理论上都能产生这些效果，因此本试验研究的目的是比较在亚极限自行车运动中同时补充这两种物质的生理反应： 八名接受过有氧训练的男性（平均值±SD；年龄 23.6±4.4 岁；体重 82.3±15.8 千克；身高 180.9±8.7 厘米）完成了一次有氧能力（VO2 峰值）测试和三次 45 分钟的 60% VO2 峰值运动试验。每次试验前一小时，受试者在盲法和平衡法的基础上摄入：MCT+CAF（20 mL + 100 mg）、长链甘油三酯（LCT）+CAF（40 mL + 100 mg）或 CAF（100 mg）。测量耗氧量（VO2）、二氧化碳排出量（VCO2）和分钟通气量（VE），然后计算呼吸交换比（RER）、能量消耗（EE）、碳水化合物氧化（CarbOx）和脂肪氧化（FatOx）：平均 VO2（p=0.474；η2=0.101）、VE（p=0.323；η2=0.149）、RER（p=0.323；η2=0.149）、EE（p=0.474；η2=0.101), CarbOx (p=0.274; η2=0.169), or FatOx (p=0.478; η2=0.100) or for total EE (p=0.474; η2=0.101), CarbOx (p=0.274; η2=0.169), or FatOx (p=0.478; η2=0.100).Conclusions：与同时摄入 LCT+CAF 或 CAF 对照组相比，同时摄入 MCT+CAF 没有产生任何明显不同的生理反应。
{"title":"Impact of MCT Oil and Caffeine on Substrate Metabolism during Submaximal Exercise","authors":"Christopher Kotarsky, Benjamin Louchheim, Caroline Saros, Hayden Smith, Kayla Rose, Stephen J Ives","doi":"10.53520/jen2024.103165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2024.103165","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent research has suggested that medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation may increase fat oxidation (FatOx) during aerobic exercise, sparing muscle glycogen and, perhaps, enhancing performance. As both MCT and caffeine (CAF) are theorized to elicit these effects, this pilot study’s purpose was to compare the physiological responses of their combined supplementation during submaximal cycling exercise.\u0000Methods: Eight aerobically trained males (mean±SD; age 23.6±4.4 years; body mass 82.3±15.8 kg; height 180.9±8.7 cm) completed one aerobic capacity (VO2peak) test and three 45-min exercise trials at 60% VO2peak. Blinded and counterbalanced, one-hour prior to each trial, participants consumed: MCT+CAF (20 mL + 100 mg), long-chain triglycerides (LCT)+CAF (40 mL + 100 mg), or CAF (100 mg). Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and minute ventilation (VE) were measured, subsequently calculating respiratory exchange ratio (RER), energy expenditure (EE), carbohydrate oxidation (CarbOx), and FatOx.\u0000Results: No significant differences between conditions were observed for average VO2 (p=0.474; η2=0.101), VE (p=0.323; η2=0.149), (RER (p=0.323; η2=0.149), EE (p=0.474; η2=0.101), CarbOx (p=0.274; η2=0.169), or FatOx (p=0.478; η2=0.100) or for total EE (p=0.474; η2=0.101), CarbOx (p=0.274; η2=0.169), or FatOx (p=0.478; η2=0.100).\u0000Conclusions: Co-ingestion of MCT+CAF didn’t produce any significantly different physiological responses compared to co-ingestion of LCT+CAF or the CAF control.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthony M. Acevedo, Zachary Zeigler, Bridget Melton
Introduction: The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is a newly developed combat readiness assessment test that may require nutritional interventions. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine if diet quality can predict performance outcomes on the ACFT in ROTC cadets. Methods: ROTC cadets (54 males, 17 females; aged 21.08 ± 3.8 years) reported to the laboratory to complete a comprehensive questionnaire (HEI-2015). The ability of the HEI-2015 to predict ACFT performance was determined with a linear regression model. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: HEI-2015 total score was significantly and positively correlated to ACFT total score (r = .287, p = .015). Subcategories of the HEI-2015 were positively and significantly correlated with ACFT total scores, greens, and beans (r = .276, p = .020), total protein (r = .249, p = .037), seafood and plant protein (r = .341, p = .004), and fatty acid ratio (r = .273, p = .004). HEI-2015 total score significantly explained 8% (p = .015) of the variance on the ACFT total scores with a beta coefficient of 2.862. Conclusion: The HEI-2015 total score is a predictor of success on the ACFT total score. HEI-2015 subcategories GB, TP, SPP, and FA are associated with the ACFT total score. This data shows that overall diet quality determines a soldier’s combat readiness. For every 1-point increase in the HEI-2015 total score, the ACFT total score is predicted to increase by three points.
{"title":"Eating Habits as a Predictor of Performance on the Army Combat Fitness Test Total Score for ROTC Cadets","authors":"Anthony M. Acevedo, Zachary Zeigler, Bridget Melton","doi":"10.53520/jen2024.103160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2024.103160","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is a newly developed combat readiness assessment test that may require nutritional interventions. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine if diet quality can predict performance outcomes on the ACFT in ROTC cadets.\u0000Methods: ROTC cadets (54 males, 17 females; aged 21.08 ± 3.8 years) reported to the laboratory to complete a comprehensive questionnaire (HEI-2015). The ability of the HEI-2015 to predict ACFT performance was determined with a linear regression model. Significance was set at p < 0.05.\u0000Results: HEI-2015 total score was significantly and positively correlated to ACFT total score (r = .287, p = .015). Subcategories of the HEI-2015 were positively and significantly correlated with ACFT total scores, greens, and beans (r = .276, p = .020), total protein (r = .249, p = .037), seafood and plant protein (r = .341, p = .004), and fatty acid ratio (r = .273, p = .004). HEI-2015 total score significantly explained 8% (p = .015) of the variance on the ACFT total scores with a beta coefficient of 2.862.\u0000Conclusion: The HEI-2015 total score is a predictor of success on the ACFT total score. HEI-2015 subcategories GB, TP, SPP, and FA are associated with the ACFT total score. This data shows that overall diet quality determines a soldier’s combat readiness. For every 1-point increase in the HEI-2015 total score, the ACFT total score is predicted to increase by three points.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthony M. Acevedo, Zachary Zeigler, Bridget Melton
Introduction: Body composition characteristics vary between soldiers and could affect performance outcomes. The study aims to determine whether %body fat (%BF) and fat-free mass (FFM) can predict performance outcomes of the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) in ROTC cadets. Methods: ROTC cadets (54 males, 17 females; aged 21.40 ± 3.79 years) completed the 6-event ACFT (3-repetition maximum trap-bar deadlift [MDL], standing power toss [SPT], hand-release pushups [HRPU], sprint-drag-carry shuttle run [SDC], plank [PLK], and 2-mile run [2MR]). The ability of body composition to predict ACFT performance was determined with a linear regression model. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: %BF was significantly and negatively correlated to HRPU (r = -.467, p < .001) SDC (r = -.367, p = .002), PLK (r = -.453, p < .001), 2MR (r = -.384, p < .001), and overall ACFT score (r = -.483, p < .001). FFM was significantly correlated to MDL (r = .310, p = .008), SPT (r = .424, p < .001) SDC (r = .388, p < .001), PLK (r = .363, p = .002), and overall ACFT score (r = .423, p < .001). Conclusion: It is shown that evaluating body composition is a reliable predictor of performance in the ACFT. Consequently, there is a need to reevaluate the Army's body composition standards to align them with the significance of FFM in determining ACFT outcomes. Recognizing that body composition can be modified, soldiers can utilize this information to develop tailored strategies for enhancing their ACFT performance.
{"title":"Body Composition as a Predictor of Performance on the Army Combat Fitness Test Total Score for ROTC Cadets","authors":"Anthony M. Acevedo, Zachary Zeigler, Bridget Melton","doi":"10.53520/jen2024.103158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2024.103158","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Body composition characteristics vary between soldiers and could affect performance outcomes. The study aims to determine whether %body fat (%BF) and fat-free mass (FFM) can predict performance outcomes of the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) in ROTC cadets. \u0000Methods: ROTC cadets (54 males, 17 females; aged 21.40 ± 3.79 years) completed the 6-event ACFT (3-repetition maximum trap-bar deadlift [MDL], standing power toss [SPT], hand-release pushups [HRPU], sprint-drag-carry shuttle run [SDC], plank [PLK], and 2-mile run [2MR]). The ability of body composition to predict ACFT performance was determined with a linear regression model. Significance was set at p < 0.05. \u0000Results: %BF was significantly and negatively correlated to HRPU (r = -.467, p < .001) SDC (r = -.367, p = .002), PLK (r = -.453, p < .001), 2MR (r = -.384, p < .001), and overall ACFT score (r = -.483, p < .001). FFM was significantly correlated to MDL (r = .310, p = .008), SPT (r = .424, p < .001) SDC (r = .388, p < .001), PLK (r = .363, p = .002), and overall ACFT score (r = .423, p < .001). \u0000Conclusion: It is shown that evaluating body composition is a reliable predictor of performance in the ACFT. Consequently, there is a need to reevaluate the Army's body composition standards to align them with the significance of FFM in determining ACFT outcomes. Recognizing that body composition can be modified, soldiers can utilize this information to develop tailored strategies for enhancing their ACFT performance.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meghan Magee, M. Norford, Scott Williams, Justine Fox, Rudy M. Inaba, Brett Comstock, Joseph Andreacci, Kyle Beyer
Introduction: Pre-workout supplements have become increasingly popular for exercisers; however, the efficacy of newly marketed supplements may be uninvestigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on repeated sprint ability and muscle excitability. Methods: A total of 20 women (age: 20.95 ± 1.62; mass: 66.23 ± 10.81) and 18 men (age: 22.70 ± 2.94; mass: 84.71 ± 12.76) completed two testing sessions separated by 48 hours and were provided the placebo or MIPS in a randomized order. After ingestion, participants waited 25 minutes before completing ten, 6-second sprints against a resistance of 7.5% of body mass with 45-second rest periods. For each sprint, peak power (PP) was recorded. Surface electromyography was recorded on the vastus lateralis of the subject’s dominant leg to determine muscle activation. The ratio of PP to muscle activation was calculated as muscle excitability. Results: MIPS significantly improved (p=0.005) PP in men on sprint 5 (mean difference ± SD: 62.6 ± 83.3W). In women, MIPS had no effect in PP (p=0.140). Muscle excitability was unaffected by MIPS in men (p=0.255) and women (p=0.501). Conclusions: An acute dose of MIPS does not appear to improve repeated sprint ability nor muscle excitability in men and women.
{"title":"The Effects of a Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement on Repeated Sprint Ability: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study","authors":"Meghan Magee, M. Norford, Scott Williams, Justine Fox, Rudy M. Inaba, Brett Comstock, Joseph Andreacci, Kyle Beyer","doi":"10.53520/jen2023.103155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2023.103155","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pre-workout supplements have become increasingly popular for exercisers; however, the efficacy of newly marketed supplements may be uninvestigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on repeated sprint ability and muscle excitability.\u0000Methods: A total of 20 women (age: 20.95 ± 1.62; mass: 66.23 ± 10.81) and 18 men (age: 22.70 ± 2.94; mass: 84.71 ± 12.76) completed two testing sessions separated by 48 hours and were provided the placebo or MIPS in a randomized order. After ingestion, participants waited 25 minutes before completing ten, 6-second sprints against a resistance of 7.5% of body mass with 45-second rest periods. For each sprint, peak power (PP) was recorded. Surface electromyography was recorded on the vastus lateralis of the subject’s dominant leg to determine muscle activation. The ratio of PP to muscle activation was calculated as muscle excitability.\u0000Results: MIPS significantly improved (p=0.005) PP in men on sprint 5 (mean difference ± SD: 62.6 ± 83.3W). In women, MIPS had no effect in PP (p=0.140). Muscle excitability was unaffected by MIPS in men (p=0.255) and women (p=0.501).\u0000Conclusions: An acute dose of MIPS does not appear to improve repeated sprint ability nor muscle excitability in men and women.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laurie Stickler, Isaac Harding, Michelle Koetje, Heather Minder, Barbara Hoogenboom
Introduction: Marathon and half-marathon runners are a growing population of athletes who have unique training and nutritional demands that put them at risk for health issues. The purpose of this study was to investigate perspectives regarding sport-related health and factors impacting eating behaviors in adult marathoners and half-marathoners. Methods: The Runners Health Choice Questionnaire was deployed online and distributed via a snowball sampling approach. Participants were adult runners who had completed a marathon or half-marathon in the previous three years and planned to participate in another marathon or half marathon in the next 24 months. Collegiate athletes were excluded. Results: Five hundred male and female marathon and half-marathon runners ages 18-79 completed the survey. The relationship between sex and diet classification was significant (χ2 [1, 500]= 7.2194, p= 0.0072); males were significantly more likely to select an atypical diet when compared to females. Time to prepare meals (83.40%) and training run/race that day (81.00%) had a moderate to high impact on daily meal decisions. If provided new nutrition education, 77.24% of runners reported being very likely or somewhat likely to change their diet. Conclusions: Health and eating behaviors and decisions are complex and impacted by several variables: time, training, and an athlete's age and sex. However, runners have a desire to be healthy and a willingness to change with new nutritional information.
{"title":"Perspectives of Health and Eating Behaviors in Marathon and Half-Marathoners","authors":"Laurie Stickler, Isaac Harding, Michelle Koetje, Heather Minder, Barbara Hoogenboom","doi":"10.53520/jen2023.103153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2023.103153","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Marathon and half-marathon runners are a growing population of athletes who have unique training and nutritional demands that put them at risk for health issues. The purpose of this study was to investigate perspectives regarding sport-related health and factors impacting eating behaviors in adult marathoners and half-marathoners. Methods: The Runners Health Choice Questionnaire was deployed online and distributed via a snowball sampling approach. Participants were adult runners who had completed a marathon or half-marathon in the previous three years and planned to participate in another marathon or half marathon in the next 24 months. Collegiate athletes were excluded. Results: Five hundred male and female marathon and half-marathon runners ages 18-79 completed the survey. The relationship between sex and diet classification was significant (χ2 [1, 500]= 7.2194, p= 0.0072); males were significantly more likely to select an atypical diet when compared to females. Time to prepare meals (83.40%) and training run/race that day (81.00%) had a moderate to high impact on daily meal decisions. If provided new nutrition education, 77.24% of runners reported being very likely or somewhat likely to change their diet. Conclusions: Health and eating behaviors and decisions are complex and impacted by several variables: time, training, and an athlete's age and sex. However, runners have a desire to be healthy and a willingness to change with new nutritional information.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren Roberson Brinkman, None Esther K. Malm, None Jessica L. Naber, None Amelia A. Dodd, None Oluwabunmi M. Dada, None Janice L. Thurmond, None Kristin M. Reid
Introduction: Across the world there are clusters of individuals who live to age 100. Researchers1,2 have observed commonalities between lifestyle habits of centenarians. The goal of this study was to determine barriers to living healthy in a rural region of a southeastern state.
Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional survey was administered to residents of a small southern community February through April of 2021. Quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlations and linear regression. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.3
Results: Quantitative results revealed a negative association between age and intuitive eating (r=-.22, p=.001); income and intuitive eating (r=-.17, p=.001), and a positive association between age and consumption of nuts and seeds (r=.20, p=.001). Barriers to healthy eating included limited access (e.g., few restaurants serving healthy options, poor produce quality), diet preferences or restrictions, inconvenience, and safety concerns associated with grocery shopping. In terms of movement, participants cited lack of time and motivation as primary barriers to engaging in regular physical activity.
Conclusions: Health practitioners have an ethical obligation to educate their community on the benefits of healthy eating practices such as intuitive eating and engaging in consistent physical activity. Education should target all demographics, irrespective of age, gender, or socioeconomic status.
{"title":"Achieving Longevity through Nutrition and Movement: An Intuitive Eating Approach","authors":"Lauren Roberson Brinkman, None Esther K. Malm, None Jessica L. Naber, None Amelia A. Dodd, None Oluwabunmi M. Dada, None Janice L. Thurmond, None Kristin M. Reid","doi":"10.53520/jen2023.103151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2023.103151","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Across the world there are clusters of individuals who live to age 100. Researchers1,2 have observed commonalities between lifestyle habits of centenarians. The goal of this study was to determine barriers to living healthy in a rural region of a southeastern state.
 Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional survey was administered to residents of a small southern community February through April of 2021. Quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlations and linear regression. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.3
 Results: Quantitative results revealed a negative association between age and intuitive eating (r=-.22, p=.001); income and intuitive eating (r=-.17, p=.001), and a positive association between age and consumption of nuts and seeds (r=.20, p=.001). Barriers to healthy eating included limited access (e.g., few restaurants serving healthy options, poor produce quality), diet preferences or restrictions, inconvenience, and safety concerns associated with grocery shopping. In terms of movement, participants cited lack of time and motivation as primary barriers to engaging in regular physical activity.
 Conclusions: Health practitioners have an ethical obligation to educate their community on the benefits of healthy eating practices such as intuitive eating and engaging in consistent physical activity. Education should target all demographics, irrespective of age, gender, or socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Hypohydration is known to affect strength, power, intermittent high intensity activity as well as physiologic and perceptive responses which in turn may affect subsequent training bouts. A simple hydration strategy to prevent hypohydration (e.g. drinking ad libitum) and intake of beverages with higher nutrient content compared to water (e.g. low-fat milk) may prove to be relevant for athletes. Methods: Female collegiate basketball athletes volunteered to participate in this randomized crossover study. Participants drank lactose-free skim milk during training and were assigned to one of two drinking strategies: Programmed fluid intake (PFI) or Ad libitum (AdL). The running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) was used to measure performance indices. Perceived exertion, perceived recovery, hydration status, thirst, gastrointestinal comfort, and palatability were determined throughout the protocol. Results: Intake of lactose free skim milk by either strategy during training was found to have no significant effect on subsequent anaerobic performance after training (for maximum power p=0.095, for fatigue index p=0.20). No significant differences were found between the groups in subjective measures of exercise intensity (p=0.53), perceived recovery (p=0.48) and subjective measures of thirst (p>0.05), gastrointestinal comfort (p>0.05), and palatability (p>0.05). Conclusions: Lactose-free skim milk was well tolerated and may therefore be ingested as a beverage during intermittent exercise. Drinking strategy had no significant effect on subsequent performance in this study.
{"title":"Lactose-Free Skim Milk as a Sports Drink for Female Collegiate Basketball Athletes: A Comparison of Two Drinking Strategies","authors":"M. F. Mallari, A. Nana","doi":"10.53520/jen2023.103150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2023.103150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypohydration is known to affect strength, power, intermittent high intensity activity as well as physiologic and perceptive responses which in turn may affect subsequent training bouts. A simple hydration strategy to prevent hypohydration (e.g. drinking ad libitum) and intake of beverages with higher nutrient content compared to water (e.g. low-fat milk) may prove to be relevant for athletes. \u0000Methods: Female collegiate basketball athletes volunteered to participate in this randomized crossover study. Participants drank lactose-free skim milk during training and were assigned to one of two drinking strategies: Programmed fluid intake (PFI) or Ad libitum (AdL). The running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) was used to measure performance indices. Perceived exertion, perceived recovery, hydration status, thirst, gastrointestinal comfort, and palatability were determined throughout the protocol.\u0000Results: Intake of lactose free skim milk by either strategy during training was found to have no significant effect on subsequent anaerobic performance after training (for maximum power p=0.095, for fatigue index p=0.20). No significant differences were found between the groups in subjective measures of exercise intensity (p=0.53), perceived recovery (p=0.48) and subjective measures of thirst (p>0.05), gastrointestinal comfort (p>0.05), and palatability (p>0.05). \u0000Conclusions: Lactose-free skim milk was well tolerated and may therefore be ingested as a beverage during intermittent exercise. Drinking strategy had no significant effect on subsequent performance in this study.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48734633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles McMillin, B. Melton, Nicholas Murray, Christopher R. D'Adamo
Introduction: This investigation examined the prediction accuracy and concurrent validity of the Perceived Effort Continuum (PEC) RPE scale for use with two upper body resistance training machines. Methods: Twenty resistance trained participants (M = 14; F = 6) performed one exercise each on the seated row (SR) and chest press (CP) machines to obtain RPE estimation data and surface electromyographic recordings (sEMG). Each exercise was initiated with the lightest possible weight selections (WS) and terminated when the incrementally increased WS elicited a participant report of RPE 5. Results: Strong positive relationships existed between RPE and sEMG for the SR (r = .658, p < .001), RPE and sEMG for the CP (r = .615, p < .001), RPE and WS for the SR (r = .880, p < .001), and RPE and WS for the CP (r = .779, p <.001). The mean WS for RPE levels 1-4 were 12%, 27%, 50%, and 80% and 17%, 31%, 51%, and 80% when normalized to a percentage of the WS of RPE 5 for the CP and SR respectively. Conclusions: The PEC scale is a valid method of assessing perceived exertion during RT performed on a CP and SR and can be used to estimate a moderate level of intensity without subjecting the participant to inadvisable direct maximal testing.
{"title":"Accuracy and Concurrent Validity of a 5-point Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale for Selecting and Managing Moderate Level Resistance Training Intensity","authors":"Charles McMillin, B. Melton, Nicholas Murray, Christopher R. D'Adamo","doi":"10.53520/jen2023.103152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2023.103152","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This investigation examined the prediction accuracy and concurrent validity of the Perceived Effort Continuum (PEC) RPE scale for use with two upper body resistance training machines. \u0000Methods: Twenty resistance trained participants (M = 14; F = 6) performed one exercise each on the seated row (SR) and chest press (CP) machines to obtain RPE estimation data and surface electromyographic recordings (sEMG). Each exercise was initiated with the lightest possible weight selections (WS) and terminated when the incrementally increased WS elicited a participant report of RPE 5.\u0000Results: Strong positive relationships existed between RPE and sEMG for the SR (r = .658, p < .001), RPE and sEMG for the CP (r = .615, p < .001), RPE and WS for the SR (r = .880, p < .001), and RPE and WS for the CP (r = .779, p <.001). The mean WS for RPE levels 1-4 were 12%, 27%, 50%, and 80% and 17%, 31%, 51%, and 80% when normalized to a percentage of the WS of RPE 5 for the CP and SR respectively.\u0000Conclusions: The PEC scale is a valid method of assessing perceived exertion during RT performed on a CP and SR and can be used to estimate a moderate level of intensity without subjecting the participant to inadvisable direct maximal testing.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47481202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandra Mantanona, Joetta Khan, Julianna Jayne, Andrew Gallucci, LesLee Funderburk, William Conkright, Patrick Clifford, Rodney Sturdivant, Jeffrey Forsse, Jeffrey Heileson
Introduction: Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets must maintain military readiness by meeting physical fitness standards and passing the newly implemented Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT). Prior research established a positive relationship between nutrition and performance, however the relationship between diet and ACFT performance has not been studied. This study aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality and ACFT performance in cadets. Methods: ROTC cadets (n=52) completed the Healthy Eating Score-7 (HES-7) and an ACFT. HES-7 is a proxy for diet quality and scored between 0 and 35. The ACFT is a measure of performance with a maximum score of 600. The association of HES-7 score with total ACFT score was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Models adjusted for body mass and physical activity as potential confounders. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The average scores for ACFT and HES-7 were 485.5±71.5 and 19.7±5.2 points, respectively. There was no significant association between HES-7 and ACFT (r=-0.213, p=0.088). The final regression model included HES, physical activity time, and body mass, and explained 10.4% of the variance in the ACFT score. Conclusions: Favorable dietary habits assessed by HES-7 were not associated with physical performance.
{"title":"Examining the Relationship Between Healthy Eating Score and ACFT Performance in Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Cadets","authors":"Aleksandra Mantanona, Joetta Khan, Julianna Jayne, Andrew Gallucci, LesLee Funderburk, William Conkright, Patrick Clifford, Rodney Sturdivant, Jeffrey Forsse, Jeffrey Heileson","doi":"10.53520/jen2023.103147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2023.103147","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets must maintain military readiness by meeting physical fitness standards and passing the newly implemented Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT). Prior research established a positive relationship between nutrition and performance, however the relationship between diet and ACFT performance has not been studied. This study aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality and ACFT performance in cadets. Methods: ROTC cadets (n=52) completed the Healthy Eating Score-7 (HES-7) and an ACFT. HES-7 is a proxy for diet quality and scored between 0 and 35. The ACFT is a measure of performance with a maximum score of 600. The association of HES-7 score with total ACFT score was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Models adjusted for body mass and physical activity as potential confounders. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The average scores for ACFT and HES-7 were 485.5±71.5 and 19.7±5.2 points, respectively. There was no significant association between HES-7 and ACFT (r=-0.213, p=0.088). The final regression model included HES, physical activity time, and body mass, and explained 10.4% of the variance in the ACFT score. Conclusions: Favorable dietary habits assessed by HES-7 were not associated with physical performance.","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134977479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential ergogenic properties of citrulline malate (CM) during a 300-yard shuttle run. Methods: Thirty-two recreationally active subjects (M=24; F=8) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants completed baseline testing which consisted of two 300-yard shuttle runs for time. Immediately post-exercise blood lactate was taken via a finger stick. An average of the two trials (time in seconds and blood lactate in mmols/L) were recorded and used for analysis. One week later, participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups (control, placebo, 4 grams CM, or 8 grams of CM) and repeated the same exercise protocol. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: No main effect for shuttle-run time (F=0.149; p=0.702) or shuttle run time by group interaction was observed (F=0.672; p=0.576). There was a main effect for blood lactate (F=17.079; p<0.001) with lactate accumulation during the pre-test (11.64±2.83 mmol/L) being significantly greater compared to the post-treatment lactate levels (9.65±1.94 mmol/L). There was no blood lactate by group interaction (F=0.867; p=0.47). Conclusions: These results indicated that acute CM supplementation did not improve anaerobic performance in healthy, young adults.
{"title":"Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation Does Not Improve Anaerobic Capacity in Healthy Young Adults: A Pilot Study","authors":"J. Mayo, B. Lyons, W. Tucker, B. Wax","doi":"10.53520/jen2023.103149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/jen2023.103149","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential ergogenic properties of citrulline malate (CM) during a 300-yard shuttle run.\u0000Methods: Thirty-two recreationally active subjects (M=24; F=8) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants completed baseline testing which consisted of two 300-yard shuttle runs for time. Immediately post-exercise blood lactate was taken via a finger stick. An average of the two trials (time in seconds and blood lactate in mmols/L) were recorded and used for analysis. One week later, participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups (control, placebo, 4 grams CM, or 8 grams of CM) and repeated the same exercise protocol. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.\u0000Results: No main effect for shuttle-run time (F=0.149; p=0.702) or shuttle run time by group interaction was observed (F=0.672; p=0.576). There was a main effect for blood lactate (F=17.079; p<0.001) with lactate accumulation during the pre-test (11.64±2.83 mmol/L) being significantly greater compared to the post-treatment lactate levels (9.65±1.94 mmol/L). There was no blood lactate by group interaction (F=0.867; p=0.47).\u0000Conclusions: These results indicated that acute CM supplementation did not improve anaerobic performance in healthy, young adults. ","PeriodicalId":73743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exercise and nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44458079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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