F. Haseen, Hridi Hedayet, S. Nazneen, Nurjahan Akter, Umme Haney, Md Sunyet Alam Chowdhury, Md Saidur Rahman Khan, Agm Mashuqur Rahman, Nazma Siddika Begum, Mohd Shahdt Hossain Mahmud, Syed Shariful Islam
The application of a gender lens enables the identification of gendered power dynamics that are deeply embedded within structures and institutions. This study delved into a comprehensive analysis of gender norms of male and female adolescents in terms of their health needs, the type of health services offered to them, the barriers and facilitators for utilization of health services at the adolescent-friendly health services (AFHS) across different tiers of government health facilities through a gender lens. The study was conducted at 23 health facilities across four districts of Bangladesh from February 2022 to June 2022. The study design was cross-sectional with a mixed methods approach. A total of 304 adolescents completed the survey, and 28 adolescents participated in in-depth interviews (IDI). Key-informant interviews (KII) were conducted with 48 key stakeholders, including parents, teachers, health service providers, facility managers, and health managers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Adolescents have different needs for information about services, types of services provided, and use based on gender. There was a significant association between the marital status of adolescents and the need for different types of health services (P<0.05). Female adolescents receive tetanus-diphtheria (TD) vaccinations and iron folic acid (IFA) tablets, while male adolescents can receive them upon request. TD immunization is common among married female adolescents (14.9%) compared to unmarried female adolescents (11.8%) and unmarried male adolescents (1.1%). Unmarried female adolescents (36.1%) seek help more frequently for menstrual problems, while unmarried male adolescents (24%) are more likely to seek services related to puberty. Parents, teachers, and health service providers have different gendered perceptions of male and female adolescents’ health needs and use of health services. These perceptions contribute to understanding male and female adolescents’ utilization of services. This study reveals that gender norms influence adolescents’ health needs, types, and utilization of services. This is probably due to differences in gendered perception of the critical stakeholders for adolescents, who sometimes face barriers in the utilization of health services at the facilities.
{"title":"Gender lens review of adolescent health care services: a mixed methods study in Bangladesh","authors":"F. Haseen, Hridi Hedayet, S. Nazneen, Nurjahan Akter, Umme Haney, Md Sunyet Alam Chowdhury, Md Saidur Rahman Khan, Agm Mashuqur Rahman, Nazma Siddika Begum, Mohd Shahdt Hossain Mahmud, Syed Shariful Islam","doi":"10.29392/001c.92507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.92507","url":null,"abstract":"The application of a gender lens enables the identification of gendered power dynamics that are deeply embedded within structures and institutions. This study delved into a comprehensive analysis of gender norms of male and female adolescents in terms of their health needs, the type of health services offered to them, the barriers and facilitators for utilization of health services at the adolescent-friendly health services (AFHS) across different tiers of government health facilities through a gender lens. The study was conducted at 23 health facilities across four districts of Bangladesh from February 2022 to June 2022. The study design was cross-sectional with a mixed methods approach. A total of 304 adolescents completed the survey, and 28 adolescents participated in in-depth interviews (IDI). Key-informant interviews (KII) were conducted with 48 key stakeholders, including parents, teachers, health service providers, facility managers, and health managers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Adolescents have different needs for information about services, types of services provided, and use based on gender. There was a significant association between the marital status of adolescents and the need for different types of health services (P<0.05). Female adolescents receive tetanus-diphtheria (TD) vaccinations and iron folic acid (IFA) tablets, while male adolescents can receive them upon request. TD immunization is common among married female adolescents (14.9%) compared to unmarried female adolescents (11.8%) and unmarried male adolescents (1.1%). Unmarried female adolescents (36.1%) seek help more frequently for menstrual problems, while unmarried male adolescents (24%) are more likely to seek services related to puberty. Parents, teachers, and health service providers have different gendered perceptions of male and female adolescents’ health needs and use of health services. These perceptions contribute to understanding male and female adolescents’ utilization of services. This study reveals that gender norms influence adolescents’ health needs, types, and utilization of services. This is probably due to differences in gendered perception of the critical stakeholders for adolescents, who sometimes face barriers in the utilization of health services at the facilities.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Einar B Thorsteinsson, Suzanne M Cosh, Natasha M. Loi
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nations around the world introduced a range of behavioural interventions and restrictions in order to manage the spread of the virus. These included social distancing, lockdowns, and use of personal protective equipment, amongst others. The aim of the present paper is to examine some of the effects of these interventions on the psychological wellbeing and mental health of older adults, especially those with hearing loss. The present review focused on published peer reviewed studies focusing on older adults. Search engines included Google Scholar, SpringerLink Journals, ProQuest Central, and PubMed employing different combinations of search terms such as “COVID-19”, “older adults”, and “isolation”. Older adults were at risk of experiencing increased anxiety and depression and poorer wellbeing during lockdowns across nations, with those self-reporting loneliness reporting more severe symptomatology. Reductions in wellbeing were observed both amongst community-dwelling older adults and those living in residential care facilities. Use of personal protective equipment, especially masks, and social distancing requirements impacted communication amongst older adults with hearing loss, with this subgroup reporting increased depression, anxiety, and stress, with symptoms increasing with the severity of the hearing loss. While technology can help to mitigate the impacts of lockdowns and restrictions, limited access to devices and a range of challenges in upskilling older adults has impacted the utility of these technologies for promoting wellbeing. Education and training in the use of technologies and digital devices for both older adults and families might assist in promoting wellbeing, with increased accessibility needed in aged care facilities to further support the wellbeing of residents.
为应对 COVID-19 大流行，世界各国采取了一系列行为干预和限制措施，以控制病毒的传播。这些措施包括社会隔离、封锁和使用个人防护设备等。本文旨在研究这些干预措施对老年人，尤其是听力受损的老年人的心理健康和精神健康的一些影响。本综述侧重于已发表的、经同行评审的、以老年人为重点的研究。搜索引擎包括 Google Scholar、SpringerLink Journals、ProQuest Central 和 PubMed，并使用了不同的搜索词组合，如 "COVID-19"、"老年人 "和 "隔离"。在各国的封锁期间，老年人的焦虑和抑郁情绪有可能加重，幸福感也会降低，而那些自我报告有孤独感的老年人的症状会更严重。在社区居住的老年人和居住在养老院的老年人中都观察到了幸福感下降的情况。个人防护设备（尤其是口罩）的使用和社交距离的要求影响了有听力损失的老年人之间的交流，这部分人的抑郁、焦虑和压力都有所增加，症状随着听力损失的严重程度而加重。虽然技术可以帮助减轻封锁和限制的影响，但由于获取设备的途径有限，以及在提高老年人技能方面的一系列挑战，这些技术在促进福祉方面的效用受到了影响。对老年人和家庭进行使用技术和数字设备的教育和培训可能有助于促进福祉，同时需要增加老年护理设施的无障碍性，以进一步支持居民的福祉。
{"title":"Older individuals and preventative behavioural interventions for COVID-19: a scoping review and perspective on wellbeing","authors":"Einar B Thorsteinsson, Suzanne M Cosh, Natasha M. Loi","doi":"10.29392/001c.94210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.94210","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nations around the world introduced a range of behavioural interventions and restrictions in order to manage the spread of the virus. These included social distancing, lockdowns, and use of personal protective equipment, amongst others. The aim of the present paper is to examine some of the effects of these interventions on the psychological wellbeing and mental health of older adults, especially those with hearing loss. The present review focused on published peer reviewed studies focusing on older adults. Search engines included Google Scholar, SpringerLink Journals, ProQuest Central, and PubMed employing different combinations of search terms such as “COVID-19”, “older adults”, and “isolation”. Older adults were at risk of experiencing increased anxiety and depression and poorer wellbeing during lockdowns across nations, with those self-reporting loneliness reporting more severe symptomatology. Reductions in wellbeing were observed both amongst community-dwelling older adults and those living in residential care facilities. Use of personal protective equipment, especially masks, and social distancing requirements impacted communication amongst older adults with hearing loss, with this subgroup reporting increased depression, anxiety, and stress, with symptoms increasing with the severity of the hearing loss. While technology can help to mitigate the impacts of lockdowns and restrictions, limited access to devices and a range of challenges in upskilling older adults has impacted the utility of these technologies for promoting wellbeing. Education and training in the use of technologies and digital devices for both older adults and families might assist in promoting wellbeing, with increased accessibility needed in aged care facilities to further support the wellbeing of residents.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is one of the social determinants of health and a key factor towards improving health outcomes and inequalities. Access to safe and adequate water has been identified as an essential component for protecting, maintaining and promoting public health and reducing the total burden of diseases. Though India has made substantial progress in increasing access to safe drinking water in rural areas through household tap connections, there is a lack of contemporary evidence reflecting the progress achieved so far. A desk review of India’s schemes, programmes, and policies on access to drinking water was undertaken for review. Programme and policy documents from various central government websites such as the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Jal Jeevan Mission, and Central Water Commission websites were reviewed. The paper focuses on the recently launched Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) in addressing the identified gaps of the former initiatives in rural areas. The broad vision of JJM also aims to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhoeal diseases. It was found that with the launch of JJM in 2019, tap water connections in rural households have increased from 16.69% (2019) to 62.79% (2023). The Government of India (GoI)’s commitment and citizen-centric approach to decentralised governance in providing safe drinking water to all is reflected in the financial allocations made under the JJM to states and fifteen finance commission (FC-XV) grants. The review highlights the need for intersectoral coordination across the levels to realise better results and health outcomes.
{"title":"Water as a social determinant of health: bringing policies into action","authors":"Vikas Sheel, A. Kotwal, Neha Dumka, Vineeta Sharma, Rajnesh Kumar, Vidhi Tyagi","doi":"10.29392/001c.92160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.92160","url":null,"abstract":"Water is one of the social determinants of health and a key factor towards improving health outcomes and inequalities. Access to safe and adequate water has been identified as an essential component for protecting, maintaining and promoting public health and reducing the total burden of diseases. Though India has made substantial progress in increasing access to safe drinking water in rural areas through household tap connections, there is a lack of contemporary evidence reflecting the progress achieved so far. A desk review of India’s schemes, programmes, and policies on access to drinking water was undertaken for review. Programme and policy documents from various central government websites such as the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Jal Jeevan Mission, and Central Water Commission websites were reviewed. The paper focuses on the recently launched Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) in addressing the identified gaps of the former initiatives in rural areas. The broad vision of JJM also aims to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhoeal diseases. It was found that with the launch of JJM in 2019, tap water connections in rural households have increased from 16.69% (2019) to 62.79% (2023). The Government of India (GoI)’s commitment and citizen-centric approach to decentralised governance in providing safe drinking water to all is reflected in the financial allocations made under the JJM to states and fifteen finance commission (FC-XV) grants. The review highlights the need for intersectoral coordination across the levels to realise better results and health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Health Organization promotes antenatal care (ANC) as a package of health interventions women receive during pregnancy. This study examined the association between the number of ANC visits and the number of ANC components received in Burundi. This cross-sectional study used data from the most recent Burundi Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2016/2017. The Burundi DHS is a household survey using a stratified two-stage sampling design. We included all women aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the two years preceding the survey, and ANC for the pregnancy leading to the most recent live birth in this period was analysed. We analysed women’s self-report of receipt of eight routine ANC components. We used chi-square and ANOVA tests to examine the distribution of the number of ANC visits and the number of components received among ANC users, and linear regression to investigate the crude and adjusted association between the number of ANC visits and number of ANC components received. Nearly all women (99.4%, 95% confidence interval, CI=99.2-99.6) reported receiving some ANC; half (51.7%, 95% CI=49.8-53.6) reported receiving 4+ visits. The mean number of visits among ANC users was 4.44, and this was only marginally higher (4.63) among women who received 4+ ANC visits. Among ANC users, blood sample taken was the most commonly reported ANC component (88.3%); urine sample taken was the least received component (28.3%). Women’s report of blood pressure having been measured and iron tablets or syrup taken were not significantly associated with number of ANC visits (P>0.05); the probability of receiving the other six components increased with higher number of ANC visits. The number of ANC visits was significantly associated with an increasing number of components received in both bivariate (regression coefficient= 0.23; 95% CI=0.18–0.28; P<0.001) and multivariable (adjusted regression coefficient= 0.21; 95% CI=0.16–0.25; P<0.001) models. Coverage with routine ANC components is suboptimal in Burundi among women who receive the recommended four visits or more. While an increasing number of ANC visits was associated with an increased number of ANC components reported, rigorous mixed-methods research is needed to understand barriers and facilitators for improving the quality of care according to the national guidelines, and thus also contributing to achieving a high retention rate in the continuum of care.
{"title":"“The more the better?” Association between number of antenatal care visits and components of care received: analysis of the Burundi Demographic and Health Survey 2016/2017","authors":"Nshimirimana Clement, T. Smekens, Lenka Beňová","doi":"10.29392/001c.92099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.92099","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization promotes antenatal care (ANC) as a package of health interventions women receive during pregnancy. This study examined the association between the number of ANC visits and the number of ANC components received in Burundi. This cross-sectional study used data from the most recent Burundi Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2016/2017. The Burundi DHS is a household survey using a stratified two-stage sampling design. We included all women aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the two years preceding the survey, and ANC for the pregnancy leading to the most recent live birth in this period was analysed. We analysed women’s self-report of receipt of eight routine ANC components. We used chi-square and ANOVA tests to examine the distribution of the number of ANC visits and the number of components received among ANC users, and linear regression to investigate the crude and adjusted association between the number of ANC visits and number of ANC components received. Nearly all women (99.4%, 95% confidence interval, CI=99.2-99.6) reported receiving some ANC; half (51.7%, 95% CI=49.8-53.6) reported receiving 4+ visits. The mean number of visits among ANC users was 4.44, and this was only marginally higher (4.63) among women who received 4+ ANC visits. Among ANC users, blood sample taken was the most commonly reported ANC component (88.3%); urine sample taken was the least received component (28.3%). Women’s report of blood pressure having been measured and iron tablets or syrup taken were not significantly associated with number of ANC visits (P>0.05); the probability of receiving the other six components increased with higher number of ANC visits. The number of ANC visits was significantly associated with an increasing number of components received in both bivariate (regression coefficient= 0.23; 95% CI=0.18–0.28; P<0.001) and multivariable (adjusted regression coefficient= 0.21; 95% CI=0.16–0.25; P<0.001) models. Coverage with routine ANC components is suboptimal in Burundi among women who receive the recommended four visits or more. While an increasing number of ANC visits was associated with an increased number of ANC components reported, rigorous mixed-methods research is needed to understand barriers and facilitators for improving the quality of care according to the national guidelines, and thus also contributing to achieving a high retention rate in the continuum of care.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie Anumolu, Matida Bojang, Pius Mulamira, C. Jankowski, Kia Lechleitner, Sarah Abunike, Simon Kasasa, R. Lukande, N. Niyonzima, K. Beyer
Cancer is increasingly diagnosed in Africa, with more than one million new diagnoses annually. In Uganda, the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) is the primary cancer care facility, with patients travelling long distances to this facility to receive care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer care was disrupted on several levels, including prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. National lockdowns impeded patient access to UCI and halted cancer screening. This study used qualitative interviews to obtain primary data from professionals working at UCI. Interviews were conducted from April 2022 to January 2023. KI (key informants) ’s were purposively selected, identified by colleagues at UCI and recruited through email and WhatsApp messaging. Verbal consent was obtained. Thirty to 60-minute open-ended interviews conducted virtually and in person were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded via MAXQDA software and analyzed to identify themes. Thematic analysis revealed three major challenges to cancer care during COVID-19. First, UCI experienced logistical barriers such as travel restrictions, staff shortages, and insufficient protective gear. Second, staff adapted to the inflexible national lockdown policy for chronic health care with modifications to treatment regimens. Third, KI reported a significant mental health burden and reflected on how care should be improved. As colleagues got infected, UCI staff organized their training, discussed treatment plans with colleagues, and continued to care for patients at personal risk. Resilience characterized UCI’s response to COVID-19. They adapted treatment protocols to their setting, many of which remain the standard of care today. At the same time, there is a need for capacity building tailored to the Ugandan context to provide cancer care effectively in case of another pandemic.
{"title":"The double burden of COVID-19 and cancer at the Uganda Cancer Institute","authors":"Natalie Anumolu, Matida Bojang, Pius Mulamira, C. Jankowski, Kia Lechleitner, Sarah Abunike, Simon Kasasa, R. Lukande, N. Niyonzima, K. Beyer","doi":"10.29392/001c.92052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.92052","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is increasingly diagnosed in Africa, with more than one million new diagnoses annually. In Uganda, the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) is the primary cancer care facility, with patients travelling long distances to this facility to receive care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer care was disrupted on several levels, including prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. National lockdowns impeded patient access to UCI and halted cancer screening. This study used qualitative interviews to obtain primary data from professionals working at UCI. Interviews were conducted from April 2022 to January 2023. KI (key informants) ’s were purposively selected, identified by colleagues at UCI and recruited through email and WhatsApp messaging. Verbal consent was obtained. Thirty to 60-minute open-ended interviews conducted virtually and in person were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded via MAXQDA software and analyzed to identify themes. Thematic analysis revealed three major challenges to cancer care during COVID-19. First, UCI experienced logistical barriers such as travel restrictions, staff shortages, and insufficient protective gear. Second, staff adapted to the inflexible national lockdown policy for chronic health care with modifications to treatment regimens. Third, KI reported a significant mental health burden and reflected on how care should be improved. As colleagues got infected, UCI staff organized their training, discussed treatment plans with colleagues, and continued to care for patients at personal risk. Resilience characterized UCI’s response to COVID-19. They adapted treatment protocols to their setting, many of which remain the standard of care today. At the same time, there is a need for capacity building tailored to the Ugandan context to provide cancer care effectively in case of another pandemic.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidemics remain a major threat, impacting lives around the globe. We ask whether and to what extent individuals learn from past epidemics in Liberia, a country affected by both the 2014-2016 Ebola Virus Disease and COVID-19. We explored the association between being exposed to the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic and measures of beliefs, intentions, and behavior during COVID-19. We interviewed 600 respondents three times over seven years, sampled by an initial list of 2,265 respondents in 571 villages across all of Liberia selected through Random Digit Dialing (RDD) in 2015-2016. We used an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model, controlling for county fixed effects and a set of socio-demographic and economic covariates. Because of the selection among individuals with mobile phones, most respondents were male, educated, and were more likely to be from urban areas and wealthy. They were, on average, 33.9 (SD=10.4) years old, 66% were Catholic, and only 23% were unemployed. 22.8% of respondents reported that they knew someone in their community who got or was suspected of having Ebola; 13.7% were exposed to COVID-19, while 4.5% were exposed to both epidemics. We found that those exposed to Ebola were less likely to have wrong beliefs about the virus and how to cure it; they were also more likely to state that they would go to the health facility for important needs such as birth delivery and child routine vaccination; and, they were more likely to get vaccinated during COVID-19. The findings are primarily driven by individuals with low trust in the government. This research suggests that individuals who experience a previous epidemic learned from it and might be more responsive to correct information and better respond to a future one. This has policy implications for patient education and awareness campaigns during the next epidemic.
{"title":"To what extent do we learn from past epidemics: a mobile phone survey of selected villages in Liberia","authors":"Elisa Maria Maffioli, Daisey Yu","doi":"10.29392/001c.91545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.91545","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemics remain a major threat, impacting lives around the globe. We ask whether and to what extent individuals learn from past epidemics in Liberia, a country affected by both the 2014-2016 Ebola Virus Disease and COVID-19. We explored the association between being exposed to the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic and measures of beliefs, intentions, and behavior during COVID-19. We interviewed 600 respondents three times over seven years, sampled by an initial list of 2,265 respondents in 571 villages across all of Liberia selected through Random Digit Dialing (RDD) in 2015-2016. We used an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model, controlling for county fixed effects and a set of socio-demographic and economic covariates. Because of the selection among individuals with mobile phones, most respondents were male, educated, and were more likely to be from urban areas and wealthy. They were, on average, 33.9 (SD=10.4) years old, 66% were Catholic, and only 23% were unemployed. 22.8% of respondents reported that they knew someone in their community who got or was suspected of having Ebola; 13.7% were exposed to COVID-19, while 4.5% were exposed to both epidemics. We found that those exposed to Ebola were less likely to have wrong beliefs about the virus and how to cure it; they were also more likely to state that they would go to the health facility for important needs such as birth delivery and child routine vaccination; and, they were more likely to get vaccinated during COVID-19. The findings are primarily driven by individuals with low trust in the government. This research suggests that individuals who experience a previous epidemic learned from it and might be more responsive to correct information and better respond to a future one. This has policy implications for patient education and awareness campaigns during the next epidemic.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kalonde Malama, Zerihun Admassu, Carmen H Logie, C. Lys, Amanda Kanbari, Shira B. Taylor, K. Mackay, C. McNamee, L. Gittings
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is rising in Canada and disproportionately affects Indigenous communities in the Northwest Territories largely due to the harmful, ongoing effects of settler colonialisation. Youth are known to be at high risk for IPV, but scant evidence exists about the scale of IPV and strategies for its prevention among youth in the Northwest Territories of Canada. We conducted a serial cross-sectional study that measured the prevalence, correlates and four-year violence trends among youths participating in a land- and arts-based programme in the Northwest Territories. Researchers recruited 240 youths aged 12 to 19 to participate in an Indigenous-led land- and arts-based retreat designed to promote resilience, empowerment, and relational well-being among youth. The study period was from 2018 to 2021, and each annual retreat contained a mix of new and returning participants. At each retreat, participants were asked to report, in a self-administered survey, if they had experienced or perpetrated IPV in the past 12 months. Youths reported a high prevalence of experiencing (62%) and perpetrating (55%) IPV. For every one-unit increase in depression severity score, participants were 30% more likely to experience IPV) and 24% more likely to perpetrate IPV. Although the prevalence of experiencing and perpetrating IPV decreased by 6% and 14%, between 2018 and 2021, this trend was not statistically significant. The high prevalence of IPV, linked to depression among youths in our study, calls for integrated mental health and violence prevention programming with youth in the Northwest Territories. Future programmes should use a strengths-based and decolonised approach to address the underlying effects of settler colonialism on the social dynamics that sustain IPV in Northern and Indigenous communities.
{"title":"Prevalence, correlates and trends of intimate partner violence among Indigenous and northern youths in the Northwest Territories, Canada","authors":"Kalonde Malama, Zerihun Admassu, Carmen H Logie, C. Lys, Amanda Kanbari, Shira B. Taylor, K. Mackay, C. McNamee, L. Gittings","doi":"10.29392/001c.91888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.91888","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate partner violence (IPV) is rising in Canada and disproportionately affects Indigenous communities in the Northwest Territories largely due to the harmful, ongoing effects of settler colonialisation. Youth are known to be at high risk for IPV, but scant evidence exists about the scale of IPV and strategies for its prevention among youth in the Northwest Territories of Canada. We conducted a serial cross-sectional study that measured the prevalence, correlates and four-year violence trends among youths participating in a land- and arts-based programme in the Northwest Territories. Researchers recruited 240 youths aged 12 to 19 to participate in an Indigenous-led land- and arts-based retreat designed to promote resilience, empowerment, and relational well-being among youth. The study period was from 2018 to 2021, and each annual retreat contained a mix of new and returning participants. At each retreat, participants were asked to report, in a self-administered survey, if they had experienced or perpetrated IPV in the past 12 months. Youths reported a high prevalence of experiencing (62%) and perpetrating (55%) IPV. For every one-unit increase in depression severity score, participants were 30% more likely to experience IPV) and 24% more likely to perpetrate IPV. Although the prevalence of experiencing and perpetrating IPV decreased by 6% and 14%, between 2018 and 2021, this trend was not statistically significant. The high prevalence of IPV, linked to depression among youths in our study, calls for integrated mental health and violence prevention programming with youth in the Northwest Territories. Future programmes should use a strengths-based and decolonised approach to address the underlying effects of settler colonialism on the social dynamics that sustain IPV in Northern and Indigenous communities.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ludentz Dorcélus, Emmanuel R. Alexandre, Charnee M. Villemenay, Scaïde U. Benjaminel, Eddie Charles
Adequate glycemic control prevents acute complications and reduces the risk of long-term complications, the use of services, and societal costs. In clinical practice, achieving good glycemic control for a diabetic patient over the long term is a challenge, considering the complexity of the factors. No study to date has been carried out on diabetic patients and the factors that may be linked to poor glycemic control in Haiti. The main objective of this study was to identify factors related to poor glycemic control in diabetic patients. This analytical cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the long-term management of diabetic patients. Patients seen in an outpatient clinic in Saint-Nicolas Hospital (Saint-Marc, Haiti) from March to May 2022 were recruited. During this period, 268 diabetic patients were seen during their routine medical visits, of which 226 met our criteria and agreed to participate. They were interviewed by the examiners, with questions that allowed us to assess the association of poor glycemic control according to the American Diabetes Association objectives, with demographic and clinical factors identified from our literature review. The analysis included descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using Epi Info 7.2.2.6. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The majority, 84.96%, was of female sex with a mean age of 60 ±9.87. More than half of the patients (59.29%) had their diagnosis for at least 5 years, and 67.26% had poor glycemic control. According to the Morisky score, 50.88% had good adherence. The main comorbidities were hypertension and obesity/overweight, 95% and 59%, respectively. Multivariate analysis after logistic regression showed that pathological proteinuria (odds ratio (OR)= 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0356 - 4.6920, p=0.04) and patients receiving both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin (OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.0613 - 6.3109, p=0.03) increased the probability of having poor glycemic control. Patients on oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin who also had pathological proteinuria were linked to poor glycemic control. Strengthening patient education before optimizing pharmacological treatment would improve glycemic control, preventing renal complications. A larger study considering other potential barriers would be necessary to add further knowledge to what this study has presented.
{"title":"Factors linked to poor glycemic control in an outpatient diabetic clinic: a cross-sectional study in Saint-Nicolas Hospital, Haiti","authors":"Ludentz Dorcélus, Emmanuel R. Alexandre, Charnee M. Villemenay, Scaïde U. Benjaminel, Eddie Charles","doi":"10.29392/001c.91452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.91452","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate glycemic control prevents acute complications and reduces the risk of long-term complications, the use of services, and societal costs. In clinical practice, achieving good glycemic control for a diabetic patient over the long term is a challenge, considering the complexity of the factors. No study to date has been carried out on diabetic patients and the factors that may be linked to poor glycemic control in Haiti. The main objective of this study was to identify factors related to poor glycemic control in diabetic patients. This analytical cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the long-term management of diabetic patients. Patients seen in an outpatient clinic in Saint-Nicolas Hospital (Saint-Marc, Haiti) from March to May 2022 were recruited. During this period, 268 diabetic patients were seen during their routine medical visits, of which 226 met our criteria and agreed to participate. They were interviewed by the examiners, with questions that allowed us to assess the association of poor glycemic control according to the American Diabetes Association objectives, with demographic and clinical factors identified from our literature review. The analysis included descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using Epi Info 7.2.2.6. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The majority, 84.96%, was of female sex with a mean age of 60 ±9.87. More than half of the patients (59.29%) had their diagnosis for at least 5 years, and 67.26% had poor glycemic control. According to the Morisky score, 50.88% had good adherence. The main comorbidities were hypertension and obesity/overweight, 95% and 59%, respectively. Multivariate analysis after logistic regression showed that pathological proteinuria (odds ratio (OR)= 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0356 - 4.6920, p=0.04) and patients receiving both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin (OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.0613 - 6.3109, p=0.03) increased the probability of having poor glycemic control. Patients on oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin who also had pathological proteinuria were linked to poor glycemic control. Strengthening patient education before optimizing pharmacological treatment would improve glycemic control, preventing renal complications. A larger study considering other potential barriers would be necessary to add further knowledge to what this study has presented.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is currently no unified classification scheme for accurately describing vesico-vaginal fistulas, thereby limiting communication between surgeons and the ability to compare research. Many factors related to surgical failure or success have not been explored, and surgeons currently do not universally use the same classifications. The objective of this study is to determine which factors are the most important to include in a future obstetric fistula classification scheme. Members of the International Society of Obstetric Fistula Surgeons were surveyed using a non-validated questionnaire to explore their experience and factors they think were most important to include in an updated comprehensive obstetric fistula classification scheme. Based on the surgeons’ response, an average ranking of each determinant of obstetric fistula classification system was computed. The most critical factors that surgeons found necessary to include in an updated fistula classification system are the bladder size (88.9%, n=16, rank=8.53), degree of fibrosis of the vagina (83.3%, n=15, rank=8.12), degree of urethral damage (88.9%, n=16, rank=9.34), location of the fistula (100%, n=18, rank=9.22), urethral length (94.4%, n=17, rank=9.06), and whether the fistula is circumferential or not (94.4%, n=17, rank=9.18). The least important factors were how long the patient had had a fistula (11.1%, n=2, rank=2.28) and intraoperative complications (22.2%, n=4, rank=4.59). For most factors important in repair, there was a non-significant correlation between experience level and ratings from 0-10. Scores for urethral length showed a significant correlation between increased surgical experience and higher ratings of importance. Three most commonly used classification schemes by Goh, Waaldjik, and the World Health Organization (WHO) only capture some important factors determined by the surveyed surgeons. Given the inconsistency between what experienced and expert surgeons deem to be important determinants for the classification of obstetric fistula and what is currently included in classification systems, we call for constructing a new, validated classification system.
{"title":"Surgeons’ perspectives for a future obstetric fistula classification system: exploring the key parameters","authors":"E. Fraiman, Rachel Pope","doi":"10.29392/001c.77981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.77981","url":null,"abstract":"There is currently no unified classification scheme for accurately describing vesico-vaginal fistulas, thereby limiting communication between surgeons and the ability to compare research. Many factors related to surgical failure or success have not been explored, and surgeons currently do not universally use the same classifications. The objective of this study is to determine which factors are the most important to include in a future obstetric fistula classification scheme. Members of the International Society of Obstetric Fistula Surgeons were surveyed using a non-validated questionnaire to explore their experience and factors they think were most important to include in an updated comprehensive obstetric fistula classification scheme. Based on the surgeons’ response, an average ranking of each determinant of obstetric fistula classification system was computed. The most critical factors that surgeons found necessary to include in an updated fistula classification system are the bladder size (88.9%, n=16, rank=8.53), degree of fibrosis of the vagina (83.3%, n=15, rank=8.12), degree of urethral damage (88.9%, n=16, rank=9.34), location of the fistula (100%, n=18, rank=9.22), urethral length (94.4%, n=17, rank=9.06), and whether the fistula is circumferential or not (94.4%, n=17, rank=9.18). The least important factors were how long the patient had had a fistula (11.1%, n=2, rank=2.28) and intraoperative complications (22.2%, n=4, rank=4.59). For most factors important in repair, there was a non-significant correlation between experience level and ratings from 0-10. Scores for urethral length showed a significant correlation between increased surgical experience and higher ratings of importance. Three most commonly used classification schemes by Goh, Waaldjik, and the World Health Organization (WHO) only capture some important factors determined by the surveyed surgeons. Given the inconsistency between what experienced and expert surgeons deem to be important determinants for the classification of obstetric fistula and what is currently included in classification systems, we call for constructing a new, validated classification system.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ansley Kasambara, M.S. Kamndaya, S.J. Masangwi, Atupele N Mulaga
The co-existence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and HIV/AIDS is a health concern that needs to be promptly addressed in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, with limited data, responding to this problem may be difficult. This paper aims to describe the burden of NCDs and HIV/AIDS within patients’ socio-demographic and health facility characteristics across the cities and districts in Malawi. We analysed health facility-based data extracted from NCD patient mastercards from 2019 to 2022 from 70 health facilities in 11 cities and districts in Malawi. Data analysis was done in R using mean, proportions, frequency distributions and charts. Hybrid k-means clustering was used to determine health facilities with similar cases. A total of 29,196 patients had at least one non-communicable disease, with 7.9% having NCDs comorbid with HIV/AIDS. The southern part of Malawi (54.2%), inland locations (69.9%) and health centres (55.3%) recorded large numbers of cases in their respective categories. The health facilities’ case clustering indicated that Neno and Salima district hospitals had similar cases. About 16.1% of the young adults (19 - 39 years) had either a non-communicable disease or NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity. The most prominent NCD was hypertension (63.2%), followed by asthma (9.2%). The most commonly employed intervention was medication for NCD (51.6%) and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity (43.4%). Only 13% of all the health facilities in the selected cities/districts used NCD mastercards from which data for this study was extracted. NCDs and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity among young adults pose a major concern since the ailment would lead to days off during the peak of their productivity. The NCD and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity is a major public health problem that needs more attention than realised since the cases reported in this study could be under-reported.
{"title":"Non-communicable diseases and HIV/AIDS burden by socio-demographic characteristics in Malawi","authors":"Ansley Kasambara, M.S. Kamndaya, S.J. Masangwi, Atupele N Mulaga","doi":"10.29392/001c.91080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.91080","url":null,"abstract":"The co-existence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and HIV/AIDS is a health concern that needs to be promptly addressed in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, with limited data, responding to this problem may be difficult. This paper aims to describe the burden of NCDs and HIV/AIDS within patients’ socio-demographic and health facility characteristics across the cities and districts in Malawi. We analysed health facility-based data extracted from NCD patient mastercards from 2019 to 2022 from 70 health facilities in 11 cities and districts in Malawi. Data analysis was done in R using mean, proportions, frequency distributions and charts. Hybrid k-means clustering was used to determine health facilities with similar cases. A total of 29,196 patients had at least one non-communicable disease, with 7.9% having NCDs comorbid with HIV/AIDS. The southern part of Malawi (54.2%), inland locations (69.9%) and health centres (55.3%) recorded large numbers of cases in their respective categories. The health facilities’ case clustering indicated that Neno and Salima district hospitals had similar cases. About 16.1% of the young adults (19 - 39 years) had either a non-communicable disease or NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity. The most prominent NCD was hypertension (63.2%), followed by asthma (9.2%). The most commonly employed intervention was medication for NCD (51.6%) and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity (43.4%). Only 13% of all the health facilities in the selected cities/districts used NCD mastercards from which data for this study was extracted. NCDs and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity among young adults pose a major concern since the ailment would lead to days off during the peak of their productivity. The NCD and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity is a major public health problem that needs more attention than realised since the cases reported in this study could be under-reported.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：