T. Olubodun, A. Asefa, A. Banke-Thomas, M. Balogun, I. Okafor, O. Odukoya, L. Beňová
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health and human rights issue with high prevalence in Nigeria. Understanding the link between IPV and breastfeeding—an important intervention to reduce child morbidity and mortality—is critical and could inform strategies to promote breastfeeding and reduce IPV. This study examines the association between recent maternal experience of IPV and optimal breastfeeding of children aged 0 to 23 months in Nigeria. This secondary analysis of the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey included a sample of 3,749 women aged 15 – 49 years who had singleton live birth in the two years preceding the survey. The outcome variable was optimal breastfeeding for age (exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life and any breastfeeding from 6-23 months). We defined recent IPV as exposure to any IPV in the 12 months preceding the survey; we also included the number of forms of IPV experienced (0, 1, 2 or 3: physical, emotional, and sexual) as an additional categorical independent variable. We used frequencies and proportions to describe key variables. We then conducted two multivariable logistic regression models—with any IPV and number of forms of IPV to determine the crude and adjusted odds ratios between IPV and optimal breastfeeding for age. Among all women, 31% experienced any IPV and 2.6% all three forms. Nearly one-third (31.7%) of babies <6 months of age and 70.4% of 6–23-month-olds were optimally breastfed. We found no significant association between any IPV and optimal breastfeeding for age (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=0.92; 95% confidence interval, CI=0.76–1.14). However, women who experienced all three forms of IPV were significantly less likely to optimally breastfeed their children (aOR=0.58; 95% CI =0.36–0.93) than those with no IPV experience. Policies and strategies to promote breastfeeding should include measures to identify and mitigate IPV against pregnant and breastfeeding women and provide optimal psychological and breastfeeding support for those who are victims of IPV.
亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)是一个重要的公共卫生和人权问题，在尼日利亚发生率很高。了解IPV和母乳喂养之间的联系(降低儿童发病率和死亡率的重要干预措施)至关重要，可以为促进母乳喂养和减少IPV的战略提供信息。本研究探讨了尼日利亚最近母亲感染IPV与0至23个月儿童最佳母乳喂养之间的关系。对2018年尼日利亚人口与健康调查的二次分析包括3749名年龄在15至49岁之间的妇女，她们在调查前两年内有过单胎活产。结果变量为年龄最佳母乳喂养(出生后前6个月纯母乳喂养和6-23个月的任何母乳喂养)。我们将近期IPV定义为在调查前12个月内暴露于任何IPV;我们还将经历的IPV形式的数量(0,1,2或3:身体，情感和性)作为额外的分类自变量。我们用频率和比例来描述关键变量。然后，我们进行了两个多变量逻辑回归模型-任何IPV和IPV形式的数量，以确定IPV与年龄最佳母乳喂养之间的粗比值比和调整比值比。在所有女性中，31%经历过IPV, 2.6%经历过三种形式的IPV。近三分之一(31.7%)的6个月以下婴儿和70.4%的6 - 23个月婴儿得到最佳母乳喂养。我们发现任何IPV与年龄最佳母乳喂养之间没有显著关联(校正优势比，aOR=0.92;95%置信区间，CI= 0.76-1.14)。然而，经历过所有三种形式IPV的妇女明显不太可能最佳母乳喂养他们的孩子(aOR=0.58;95% CI = 0.36-0.93)。促进母乳喂养的政策和战略应包括确定和减轻针对孕妇和哺乳期妇女的IPV的措施，并为IPV的受害者提供最佳的心理和母乳喂养支持。
{"title":"Maternal exposure to intimate partner violence and breastfeeding practices of children 0–23 months: findings from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey","authors":"T. Olubodun, A. Asefa, A. Banke-Thomas, M. Balogun, I. Okafor, O. Odukoya, L. Beňová","doi":"10.29392/001c.75338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.75338","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health and human rights issue with high prevalence in Nigeria. Understanding the link between IPV and breastfeeding—an important intervention to reduce child morbidity and mortality—is critical and could inform strategies to promote breastfeeding and reduce IPV. This study examines the association between recent maternal experience of IPV and optimal breastfeeding of children aged 0 to 23 months in Nigeria. This secondary analysis of the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey included a sample of 3,749 women aged 15 – 49 years who had singleton live birth in the two years preceding the survey. The outcome variable was optimal breastfeeding for age (exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life and any breastfeeding from 6-23 months). We defined recent IPV as exposure to any IPV in the 12 months preceding the survey; we also included the number of forms of IPV experienced (0, 1, 2 or 3: physical, emotional, and sexual) as an additional categorical independent variable. We used frequencies and proportions to describe key variables. We then conducted two multivariable logistic regression models—with any IPV and number of forms of IPV to determine the crude and adjusted odds ratios between IPV and optimal breastfeeding for age. Among all women, 31% experienced any IPV and 2.6% all three forms. Nearly one-third (31.7%) of babies <6 months of age and 70.4% of 6–23-month-olds were optimally breastfed. We found no significant association between any IPV and optimal breastfeeding for age (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=0.92; 95% confidence interval, CI=0.76–1.14). However, women who experienced all three forms of IPV were significantly less likely to optimally breastfeed their children (aOR=0.58; 95% CI =0.36–0.93) than those with no IPV experience. Policies and strategies to promote breastfeeding should include measures to identify and mitigate IPV against pregnant and breastfeeding women and provide optimal psychological and breastfeeding support for those who are victims of IPV.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43768542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is common among Ugandan women and mortality rate is significantly high. Uganda, like many low-income countries, has no national regular mammography screening programme, a gold standard in breast cancer imaging. Breast ultrasound and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification is thus being promoted as a supplemental evaluation tool for breast masses. However, studies on the comparative accuracy of breast sonography, mammography and BI-RADS from low-income settings are limited. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of breast ultrasound, mammography and BI-RADS classification against histology in the evaluation of breast masses among adult women. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital involving women with breast masses. The women underwent breast ultrasound, mammography and needle biopsy for histological analysis. The breast lesions were also evaluated against the BI-RADS characterization criteria. Overall, 212 breast masses were evaluated and included in the analysis. Of these, 50% (106) were benign and 50% (106) were malignant. The sensitivity for ultrasound and mammography separately was 68.5% and 72.5% respectively. The sensitivity for ultrasound and mammography combined was 85%. BI-RADS 5 category had the highest sensitivity at 59.9% while the highest specificity was noted among BI-RADS 3 and 5 at 100%. The highest accuracy was noted in the BI-RADS 5 category at 79.9%. Findings from this study demonstrate that combining ultrasound and mammography could have a higher sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy than when these imaging modalities are used independently. In addition, the BI-RADS reporting classification has an optimum positive predictive value and should be promoted to standardize breast imaging reporting.
{"title":"Comparative accuracy of sonography, mammography and the BI-RADS characterization of breast masses among adult women at Mulago Hospital, Uganda","authors":"A. Mubuuke, R. Nassanga, M. Galukande","doi":"10.29392/001c.75139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.75139","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is common among Ugandan women and mortality rate is significantly high. Uganda, like many low-income countries, has no national regular mammography screening programme, a gold standard in breast cancer imaging. Breast ultrasound and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification is thus being promoted as a supplemental evaluation tool for breast masses. However, studies on the comparative accuracy of breast sonography, mammography and BI-RADS from low-income settings are limited. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of breast ultrasound, mammography and BI-RADS classification against histology in the evaluation of breast masses among adult women. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital involving women with breast masses. The women underwent breast ultrasound, mammography and needle biopsy for histological analysis. The breast lesions were also evaluated against the BI-RADS characterization criteria. Overall, 212 breast masses were evaluated and included in the analysis. Of these, 50% (106) were benign and 50% (106) were malignant. The sensitivity for ultrasound and mammography separately was 68.5% and 72.5% respectively. The sensitivity for ultrasound and mammography combined was 85%. BI-RADS 5 category had the highest sensitivity at 59.9% while the highest specificity was noted among BI-RADS 3 and 5 at 100%. The highest accuracy was noted in the BI-RADS 5 category at 79.9%. Findings from this study demonstrate that combining ultrasound and mammography could have a higher sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy than when these imaging modalities are used independently. In addition, the BI-RADS reporting classification has an optimum positive predictive value and should be promoted to standardize breast imaging reporting.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49438796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Olal, F. M. Grovogui, Ritah Nantale, Q. Sserwanja, Chola Nakazwe, Lilllian Nuwabaine, D. Mukunya, E. Ikoona, L. Beňová
Modern contraceptives are effective interventions for preventing unwanted pregnancies, but their use remain low among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa. First, we aimed to assess the trends of modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Sierra Leone in the period 2008-2019. Second, we explored how individual and contextual determinants of their use changed during this period. We used a combined sample of 8,774 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years from the 2008, 2013, and 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Surveys (SLDHS), respectively, to estimate the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (MCPR) and unmet need for family planning. We described the method mix and sources of contraceptives among modern method users. We then conducted a multivariable logistic regression to examine the determinants of modern contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls, separately for 2008 and 2019. MCPR increased from 5.9% (95% CI=4.5-7.8) in 2008 to 21.0% (95% CI=19.2-22.9) in 2019. Most of the increase had occurred by 2013. Norplant (48.8%) and injectables (39%) were the common methods in 2019. Unmet need for family planning declined from 15.4% (95% CI=13.2-17.9) in 2008 to 11.3% (95% CI=9.9-12.7) in 2019, while the prevalence of modern contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls increased from 13.1% (95% CI=10-17.0) in 2008 to 43.5% (95% CI=40.2-46.9) in 2019. In both the 2008 and 2019 surveys, the adjusted odds of using modern contraceptives among sexually active adolescent girls were higher among those with more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months, and with secondary or tertiary education. In 2019, the adjusted odds of using a modern contraceptive were also lower among adolescent girls who were married or living with a partner, had more than one child, and lived in the Western province. The increase in contraceptive use among adolescent girls in Sierra Leone had stalled since 2013. Interventions, including increasing awareness and accessibility to modern contraceptives, are urgently needed, particularly for adolescents without formal education. Comprehensive and affordable community and school-based interventions, including adolescent-friendly services, would be helpful.
{"title":"Trends and determinants of modern contraceptive utilisation among adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Sierra Leone: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys, 2008-2019","authors":"E. Olal, F. M. Grovogui, Ritah Nantale, Q. Sserwanja, Chola Nakazwe, Lilllian Nuwabaine, D. Mukunya, E. Ikoona, L. Beňová","doi":"10.29392/001c.75430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.75430","url":null,"abstract":"Modern contraceptives are effective interventions for preventing unwanted pregnancies, but their use remain low among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa. First, we aimed to assess the trends of modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Sierra Leone in the period 2008-2019. Second, we explored how individual and contextual determinants of their use changed during this period. We used a combined sample of 8,774 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years from the 2008, 2013, and 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Surveys (SLDHS), respectively, to estimate the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (MCPR) and unmet need for family planning. We described the method mix and sources of contraceptives among modern method users. We then conducted a multivariable logistic regression to examine the determinants of modern contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls, separately for 2008 and 2019. MCPR increased from 5.9% (95% CI=4.5-7.8) in 2008 to 21.0% (95% CI=19.2-22.9) in 2019. Most of the increase had occurred by 2013. Norplant (48.8%) and injectables (39%) were the common methods in 2019. Unmet need for family planning declined from 15.4% (95% CI=13.2-17.9) in 2008 to 11.3% (95% CI=9.9-12.7) in 2019, while the prevalence of modern contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls increased from 13.1% (95% CI=10-17.0) in 2008 to 43.5% (95% CI=40.2-46.9) in 2019. In both the 2008 and 2019 surveys, the adjusted odds of using modern contraceptives among sexually active adolescent girls were higher among those with more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months, and with secondary or tertiary education. In 2019, the adjusted odds of using a modern contraceptive were also lower among adolescent girls who were married or living with a partner, had more than one child, and lived in the Western province. The increase in contraceptive use among adolescent girls in Sierra Leone had stalled since 2013. Interventions, including increasing awareness and accessibility to modern contraceptives, are urgently needed, particularly for adolescents without formal education. Comprehensive and affordable community and school-based interventions, including adolescent-friendly services, would be helpful.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48917790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristine R. Vigilla-Montecillo, Jules Christian P. Rivera, A. Montecillo, Maria Kristina G. Almonte, Maria Fe S. Bulao, John Daniel P. Ong, Domini Theresa M. Pecundo, R. Gundran, Roderick T. Salvador, R. Jamora, M. Tee
A three-day One Health training program for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professionals in One Health-related fields, was conducted by the Philippine One Health University Network (PhilOHUN), in collaboration with the Southeast Asia One Health University Network (SEAOHUN), through a webinar series. To measure the impact of the training on the awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practices (A-KAP) related to the topics covered in the program, this study was conducted. A quasi-experimental design was employed to evaluate the effect of the One Health training program on the A-KAP of the participants. An online questionnaire developed based on the content of the training modules was administered to the participants before and after the training program. The attendees who accomplished both the pre- and post-training A-KAP assessment questionnaire were included as study participants; of the 225 attendees, 119 respondents qualified. The difference between the pre- and post-training mean A-KAP scores of participants was determined using paired t-test. Findings showed that the Awareness of the participants (P<0.001) across the topics discussed significantly increased after taking part in the training program. In the Knowledge aspect, however, there was no significant improvement in the general knowledge items score of the participants (P=0.06) but improvements were observed in all the modules included in the training (P<0.05). As for the Attitude and Practices scores of the participants, no significant improvements were observed (P>0.05) after taking part in the training. The significant differences in awareness and knowledge suggest that the training modules contain relevant topics, which were effectively transmitted during the program. For Attitude and Practices, it may be premature to determine the impact of a single activity, although it is expected that these will change over time. Nevertheless, the training program can be used as a springboard for introducing One Health concepts to a wider audience and a continuing initiative to influence the development of appropriate attitudes and practices for current and future One Health practitioners.
{"title":"Awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practices (A-KAP) assessment of the One Health approach in health sciences education webinar series participants in select universities in the Philippines","authors":"Kristine R. Vigilla-Montecillo, Jules Christian P. Rivera, A. Montecillo, Maria Kristina G. Almonte, Maria Fe S. Bulao, John Daniel P. Ong, Domini Theresa M. Pecundo, R. Gundran, Roderick T. Salvador, R. Jamora, M. Tee","doi":"10.29392/001c.75304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.75304","url":null,"abstract":"A three-day One Health training program for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professionals in One Health-related fields, was conducted by the Philippine One Health University Network (PhilOHUN), in collaboration with the Southeast Asia One Health University Network (SEAOHUN), through a webinar series. To measure the impact of the training on the awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practices (A-KAP) related to the topics covered in the program, this study was conducted. A quasi-experimental design was employed to evaluate the effect of the One Health training program on the A-KAP of the participants. An online questionnaire developed based on the content of the training modules was administered to the participants before and after the training program. The attendees who accomplished both the pre- and post-training A-KAP assessment questionnaire were included as study participants; of the 225 attendees, 119 respondents qualified. The difference between the pre- and post-training mean A-KAP scores of participants was determined using paired t-test. Findings showed that the Awareness of the participants (P<0.001) across the topics discussed significantly increased after taking part in the training program. In the Knowledge aspect, however, there was no significant improvement in the general knowledge items score of the participants (P=0.06) but improvements were observed in all the modules included in the training (P<0.05). As for the Attitude and Practices scores of the participants, no significant improvements were observed (P>0.05) after taking part in the training. The significant differences in awareness and knowledge suggest that the training modules contain relevant topics, which were effectively transmitted during the program. For Attitude and Practices, it may be premature to determine the impact of a single activity, although it is expected that these will change over time. Nevertheless, the training program can be used as a springboard for introducing One Health concepts to a wider audience and a continuing initiative to influence the development of appropriate attitudes and practices for current and future One Health practitioners.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42479591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As healthcare systems in resource-constrained environments advance, implementation of novel services and technologies bring both opportunities for advancing patient care along with new challenges to the existing infrastructure. One example of this is the need for additional consumable goods when facilities add services such as dedicated critical care and hemodialysis. The addition of these services in the authors’ hospital led to an increased need for central venous access. In this paper, the authors describe equipment substitutions that were made to facilitate ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement while attempting to reduce financial and logistical needs to perform the procedure safely and effectively.
{"title":"A creative approach to central venous access in a Kenyan intensive care unit","authors":"William M Smith, P. Opare-Addo","doi":"10.29392/001c.75306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.75306","url":null,"abstract":"As healthcare systems in resource-constrained environments advance, implementation of novel services and technologies bring both opportunities for advancing patient care along with new challenges to the existing infrastructure. One example of this is the need for additional consumable goods when facilities add services such as dedicated critical care and hemodialysis. The addition of these services in the authors’ hospital led to an increased need for central venous access. In this paper, the authors describe equipment substitutions that were made to facilitate ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement while attempting to reduce financial and logistical needs to perform the procedure safely and effectively.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45794648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hocheol Lee, Hye-yeon Jo, B. Karmacharya, B. Sharma, Pramita Shrestha, Prajwal Satyal, E. Nam
Despite significant progress in Nepal’s health indicators over the past three decades, regional disparities in public health centre (PHC) provision and accessibility remain severe. It has been reported that rural dwellers prefer and place more trust in outreach centres (ORCs) run by the Dhulikhel Hospital. However, the reasons behind this remain unclear. We aimed to examine the determinants of Nepalese rural dwellers’ choice of first-contact health facility. This was a cross-sectional survey among 1,098 adult rural dwellers in Nepal. The study sample was first divided into PHC and ORC groups, and intergroup differences were tested using Pearson chi-square test and independent sample t-test. Then, binary logistic regression was performed to analyse first-contact health facility decision-making. Sex, education level, importance of health care satisfaction, importance of free health care, diagnosis of hypertension, diagnosis of diabetes, insurance coverage, savings, community-level cooperation, and distance to the health facility were significant factors affecting the choice of the first-contact health facility. Most significantly, people who were unconcerned about receiving free health care were 19.417 times more likely to use ORCs. Additionally, it was observed that rural dwellers perceived ORCs as providing higher quality health care. The government must promote cooperation between PHCs and ORCs, as it is essential to understand consumer demand, supply-side issues, and institutional aspects of health care in rural areas to achieve universal access to health care.
{"title":"Factors affecting Nepalese rural dwellers’ choice of first-contact health facility: a cross-sectional survey","authors":"Hocheol Lee, Hye-yeon Jo, B. Karmacharya, B. Sharma, Pramita Shrestha, Prajwal Satyal, E. Nam","doi":"10.29392/001c.75143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.75143","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant progress in Nepal’s health indicators over the past three decades, regional disparities in public health centre (PHC) provision and accessibility remain severe. It has been reported that rural dwellers prefer and place more trust in outreach centres (ORCs) run by the Dhulikhel Hospital. However, the reasons behind this remain unclear. We aimed to examine the determinants of Nepalese rural dwellers’ choice of first-contact health facility. This was a cross-sectional survey among 1,098 adult rural dwellers in Nepal. The study sample was first divided into PHC and ORC groups, and intergroup differences were tested using Pearson chi-square test and independent sample t-test. Then, binary logistic regression was performed to analyse first-contact health facility decision-making. Sex, education level, importance of health care satisfaction, importance of free health care, diagnosis of hypertension, diagnosis of diabetes, insurance coverage, savings, community-level cooperation, and distance to the health facility were significant factors affecting the choice of the first-contact health facility. Most significantly, people who were unconcerned about receiving free health care were 19.417 times more likely to use ORCs. Additionally, it was observed that rural dwellers perceived ORCs as providing higher quality health care. The government must promote cooperation between PHCs and ORCs, as it is essential to understand consumer demand, supply-side issues, and institutional aspects of health care in rural areas to achieve universal access to health care.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44618916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiage Qian, S. Shiferaw, A. Seme, Ousman E. Esmale, W. Denboba, Elizabeth K. Stierman, L. Zimmerman, A. Creanga
Well-functioning health management information systems (HMIS) enable decision-making at all health system levels. This study develops an index to measure the use of HMIS data at the facility level. We used two rounds of cross-sectional data collected from 305 health facilities in Ethiopia in 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and 2020 (post-COVID-19). We constructed a summative, 10-item index using exploratory factor analysis and 2019 index development data; and used Cronbach’s alpha to assess reliability. To examine content validity, we mapped items against a previously published conceptual framework and consulted Ethiopian experts. We then employed one-way ANOVA and t-tests comparing the mean index scores overall and by key facility characteristics between 2019 and 2020. The 10-item index loaded on one factor (Cronbach’s alpha=0.74), and the index scores did not differ significantly by facility characteristics in 2019. The mean index score increased from 7.2 in 2019 to 7.9 in 2020 (P<0.01). During this period, more facilities received feedback on HMIS reports from facility leadership (19.3% difference); received actionable recommendations on performance targets and resource allocation (7.5% and 12.3% difference, respectively); and reviewed maternal deaths (15.1% difference); conversely, the proportion of facilities that held participatory performance review meetings monthly or more often decreased by 13.8% (all P <0.05). We propose a facility-level HMIS data use index and document an upward trend in HMIS data use in Ethiopia immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. Future research should further evaluate and refine the proposed index to support the measurement of HMIS data quality and utilization in Ethiopia and like settings.
{"title":"Data for local decision-making, not a mere reporting requirement: development of an index to measure facility-level use of HMIS data","authors":"Jiage Qian, S. Shiferaw, A. Seme, Ousman E. Esmale, W. Denboba, Elizabeth K. Stierman, L. Zimmerman, A. Creanga","doi":"10.29392/001c.75141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.75141","url":null,"abstract":"Well-functioning health management information systems (HMIS) enable decision-making at all health system levels. This study develops an index to measure the use of HMIS data at the facility level. We used two rounds of cross-sectional data collected from 305 health facilities in Ethiopia in 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and 2020 (post-COVID-19). We constructed a summative, 10-item index using exploratory factor analysis and 2019 index development data; and used Cronbach’s alpha to assess reliability. To examine content validity, we mapped items against a previously published conceptual framework and consulted Ethiopian experts. We then employed one-way ANOVA and t-tests comparing the mean index scores overall and by key facility characteristics between 2019 and 2020. The 10-item index loaded on one factor (Cronbach’s alpha=0.74), and the index scores did not differ significantly by facility characteristics in 2019. The mean index score increased from 7.2 in 2019 to 7.9 in 2020 (P<0.01). During this period, more facilities received feedback on HMIS reports from facility leadership (19.3% difference); received actionable recommendations on performance targets and resource allocation (7.5% and 12.3% difference, respectively); and reviewed maternal deaths (15.1% difference); conversely, the proportion of facilities that held participatory performance review meetings monthly or more often decreased by 13.8% (all P <0.05). We propose a facility-level HMIS data use index and document an upward trend in HMIS data use in Ethiopia immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. Future research should further evaluate and refine the proposed index to support the measurement of HMIS data quality and utilization in Ethiopia and like settings.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43577530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kimassoum, Ngum Lesley Ngum, M. Béchir, Alexis Haroun, A. Tidjani, C. Frazzoli
Geophagy, the recurrent intentional eating of soil, is well documented in many African countries, but little or nothing is known about this practice in Chad. We conducted a cross-sectional study among inhabitants of N’Djamena to assess: (i) source, type, and form of geophagic soil at purchase; (ii) event, daily frequency, daily cost, and duration of soil eating; (iii) habits at consumption and storage; (iv) specific motivation of soil eating and habit-forming events; (v) expected health benefits and awareness of health risks; and (vi) chance for intervention. One main food market was randomly selected in each of the 10 districts of N’Djamena. In each food market, 10 vending points of geophagic soil were randomly selected. In each vending point, one geophagist was interviewed. A total of 100 geophagists (residents in N’Djamena) completed a self-reported structured questionnaire on hard copy. Outcomes were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 software. The main group of geophagists in Chad is represented by women in childbearing age (30.4 years old). Geophagic soil is generally locally extracted and easily available at the food market (77%). Kaoline is the most consumed soil (63%) followed by laterite (29%). Soil is preferentially consumed granulated (66%) or crushed (23%), but also in powder. Protective effect against cancer and gastritis figures out as main (35%) expected benefit of the practice, followed by protection against nausea and vomiting (25%) and pain (19%). One in 4 geophagists eats soil due to pleasure at taste, and some (2%) just follow the habit without specific purpose of pleasure. Geophagy in Chad is a culturally-transmitted form of pica. Interestingly, even if the vast majority of geophagists (94%) is unaware and uninformed about health risks of soil eating, the 43% were against the option of recommending it. Based on these findings, we recommend awareness campaigns on: (i) the health risk of soil eating, (ii) erroneous beliefs, e.g., the protective effect of geophagic soil against cancer, and (iii) the misleading communication subtended by the vending of soil among food items.
{"title":"Geophagy: a survey on the practice of soil consumption in N’Djamena, Chad","authors":"D. Kimassoum, Ngum Lesley Ngum, M. Béchir, Alexis Haroun, A. Tidjani, C. Frazzoli","doi":"10.29392/001c.74955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.74955","url":null,"abstract":"Geophagy, the recurrent intentional eating of soil, is well documented in many African countries, but little or nothing is known about this practice in Chad. We conducted a cross-sectional study among inhabitants of N’Djamena to assess: (i) source, type, and form of geophagic soil at purchase; (ii) event, daily frequency, daily cost, and duration of soil eating; (iii) habits at consumption and storage; (iv) specific motivation of soil eating and habit-forming events; (v) expected health benefits and awareness of health risks; and (vi) chance for intervention. One main food market was randomly selected in each of the 10 districts of N’Djamena. In each food market, 10 vending points of geophagic soil were randomly selected. In each vending point, one geophagist was interviewed. A total of 100 geophagists (residents in N’Djamena) completed a self-reported structured questionnaire on hard copy. Outcomes were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 software. The main group of geophagists in Chad is represented by women in childbearing age (30.4 years old). Geophagic soil is generally locally extracted and easily available at the food market (77%). Kaoline is the most consumed soil (63%) followed by laterite (29%). Soil is preferentially consumed granulated (66%) or crushed (23%), but also in powder. Protective effect against cancer and gastritis figures out as main (35%) expected benefit of the practice, followed by protection against nausea and vomiting (25%) and pain (19%). One in 4 geophagists eats soil due to pleasure at taste, and some (2%) just follow the habit without specific purpose of pleasure. Geophagy in Chad is a culturally-transmitted form of pica. Interestingly, even if the vast majority of geophagists (94%) is unaware and uninformed about health risks of soil eating, the 43% were against the option of recommending it. Based on these findings, we recommend awareness campaigns on: (i) the health risk of soil eating, (ii) erroneous beliefs, e.g., the protective effect of geophagic soil against cancer, and (iii) the misleading communication subtended by the vending of soil among food items.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Layal Al Mahmasani, Umayya Musharrafieh, Zeina Bayram, Abdul Rahman Bizri
Background Hepatitis B and C are life-threatening infections that can result in liver-associated complications. Lebanon is a country experiencing its worst economic and political crises to date and is considered to be of low endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among Lebanese and Syrian refugees residing in Lebanon, to describe the current situation beyond statistical scrutiny and identify risks and long-term consequences associated with neglecting these infections. Methods We extracted data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV among the Lebanese population and Syrian refugees residing in Lebanon from 2013 to 2018 and sorted them based on age and gender. We compared the prevalence of HBV and HCV among these groups to the prevalence among the Syrians remaining in Syria, after which we calculated the expected number of HBV and HCV cases in Lebanon based on the total number of registered Syrian refugees in Lebanon. We conducted an extensive literature review using MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Results The prevalence of HBV and HCV in Lebanon from 2013 to 2018 was 1.74% and 0.21%, respectively. 13% of HBV cases and 6% of HCV cases were associated with Syrian refugees. HBV and HCV were more prevalent among men than women for both the Lebanese population and the Syrian refugees. Among the total population, the 20-39 age group represented 40% of HBV and 30% of HCV cases. For the Syrian refugee subgroup, 57% of HBV cases and 28% of HCV cases were reported among individuals aged 20-39 years. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among the total Syrian population in Syria was 5.6% and 2.8%, which was significantly higher than the prevalence among the Syrian refugees in Lebanon for both HBV (0.003%) and HCV (0.001%). The number of HBV and HCV cases recorded among the Syrian refugees in Lebanon was significantly lower than the expected number of HBV and HCV cases. Conclusions Hepatitis B and C are neglected diseases among the Syrian refugee population in Lebanon. Continued neglect can increase the risk of chronic viral hepatitis complications and mortality, further increasing the health and economic burden in Lebanon. Urgent action is needed from the host country and the international community to achieve better surveillance, detection, and linkage to medical care in order to manage and prevent unexpected consequences.
{"title":"Hepatitis B and C: neglected infectious diseases among Syrian refugees in Lebanon","authors":"Layal Al Mahmasani, Umayya Musharrafieh, Zeina Bayram, Abdul Rahman Bizri","doi":"10.29392/001c.74375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.74375","url":null,"abstract":"Background Hepatitis B and C are life-threatening infections that can result in liver-associated complications. Lebanon is a country experiencing its worst economic and political crises to date and is considered to be of low endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among Lebanese and Syrian refugees residing in Lebanon, to describe the current situation beyond statistical scrutiny and identify risks and long-term consequences associated with neglecting these infections. Methods We extracted data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV among the Lebanese population and Syrian refugees residing in Lebanon from 2013 to 2018 and sorted them based on age and gender. We compared the prevalence of HBV and HCV among these groups to the prevalence among the Syrians remaining in Syria, after which we calculated the expected number of HBV and HCV cases in Lebanon based on the total number of registered Syrian refugees in Lebanon. We conducted an extensive literature review using MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Results The prevalence of HBV and HCV in Lebanon from 2013 to 2018 was 1.74% and 0.21%, respectively. 13% of HBV cases and 6% of HCV cases were associated with Syrian refugees. HBV and HCV were more prevalent among men than women for both the Lebanese population and the Syrian refugees. Among the total population, the 20-39 age group represented 40% of HBV and 30% of HCV cases. For the Syrian refugee subgroup, 57% of HBV cases and 28% of HCV cases were reported among individuals aged 20-39 years. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among the total Syrian population in Syria was 5.6% and 2.8%, which was significantly higher than the prevalence among the Syrian refugees in Lebanon for both HBV (0.003%) and HCV (0.001%). The number of HBV and HCV cases recorded among the Syrian refugees in Lebanon was significantly lower than the expected number of HBV and HCV cases. Conclusions Hepatitis B and C are neglected diseases among the Syrian refugee population in Lebanon. Continued neglect can increase the risk of chronic viral hepatitis complications and mortality, further increasing the health and economic burden in Lebanon. Urgent action is needed from the host country and the international community to achieve better surveillance, detection, and linkage to medical care in order to manage and prevent unexpected consequences.","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135220339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prasun Sharma, Ashley Van Loozen, Danielle D. Sweeney, F. Schneck, C. Ching
{"title":"The landscape of global urologic surgery missions after COVID-19 lockdown: are we ready for their return?","authors":"Prasun Sharma, Ashley Van Loozen, Danielle D. Sweeney, F. Schneck, C. Ching","doi":"10.29392/001c.74371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.74371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73759,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70004591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：