Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.246
D. Kamath, Razia Haidrus
Background: Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation of supporting tissues of the teeth, resulting in progressive attachment loss, bone loss and subsequent tooth loss. Both non-surgical and surgical therapy can be used for the management of periodontal diseases. Systemic and local drug delivery of antimicrobials can be used as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy. Objective: The aim of this review article is to provide a better understanding regarding various local drug delivery agents used in periodontal therapy and their advantage over systemic delivery of antimicrobials. Conclusion: Placement of Local drug delivery restricts the drug within the periodontal pocket itself wherein they attain a much-elevated concentration. This review article includes various advances in local drug delivery systems. Most of the research is aimed at the use of LDD as either monotherapy or in combination with SRP. Further studies are required to determine the long-term benefit of these devices.
{"title":"Local Drug Delivery in Periodontal Therapy: A Contemporary Review","authors":"D. Kamath, Razia Haidrus","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.246","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation of supporting tissues of the teeth, resulting in progressive attachment loss, bone loss and subsequent tooth loss. Both non-surgical and surgical therapy can be used for the management of periodontal diseases. Systemic and local drug delivery of antimicrobials can be used as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy. Objective: The aim of this review article is to provide a better understanding regarding various local drug delivery agents used in periodontal therapy and their advantage over systemic delivery of antimicrobials. Conclusion: Placement of Local drug delivery restricts the drug within the periodontal pocket itself wherein they attain a much-elevated concentration. This review article includes various advances in local drug delivery systems. Most of the research is aimed at the use of LDD as either monotherapy or in combination with SRP. Further studies are required to determine the long-term benefit of these devices.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"117 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88065977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, the amount of the most potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer compounds found in the resin of B. papyrifera was quantified and compared with the well-known species, B. serrata and B. sacra (Synonyms B. carteri), using CAMAG HPTLC scanner IV equipped with a sample applicator Limonat V at wavelength 254 nm without derivation. The two most active ingredients, 11-keto--boswellic acid and 3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid, in the EtOH extract of B. papyrifera resin were determined as 14.0% and 8%, respectively
{"title":"Quantification of 3?-Acetyl-11-Keto-?-Boswellic Acid and 11-Keto-?Boswellic Acid in the Resin of Boswellia species by HPTLC","authors":"S. Awoke","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the amount of the most potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer compounds found in the resin of B. papyrifera was quantified and compared with the well-known species, B. serrata and B. sacra (Synonyms B. carteri), using CAMAG HPTLC scanner IV equipped with a sample applicator Limonat V at wavelength 254 nm without derivation. The two most active ingredients, 11-keto--boswellic acid and 3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid, in the EtOH extract of B. papyrifera resin were determined as 14.0% and 8%, respectively","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83059035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.248
Omkar Tipugade
Depression is the largest cause of disability in the world and a substantial contributor to the global illness burden. According to the National Health Interview Survey, individuals aged 18-29 had the highest percentage of persons experiencing any symptoms of depression, followed by those aged 45-64 and 65 and older, and finally those aged 30-44. Women are more likely than men to suffer from serious depressive disorders (8.7 percent compared to 5.3 percent of adult males). Depression is characterized by drastic changes in one's life, childhood trauma, a hectic schedule, stress, brain structure (risk is higher in the frontal lobe of the brain), a variety of medical histories, a larger intake of alcohol, and drug addiction, to name a few.
{"title":"Antidepressant: An Overview","authors":"Omkar Tipugade","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.248","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is the largest cause of disability in the world and a substantial contributor to the global illness burden. According to the National Health Interview Survey, individuals aged 18-29 had the highest percentage of persons experiencing any symptoms of depression, followed by those aged 45-64 and 65 and older, and finally those aged 30-44. Women are more likely than men to suffer from serious depressive disorders (8.7 percent compared to 5.3 percent of adult males). Depression is characterized by drastic changes in one's life, childhood trauma, a hectic schedule, stress, brain structure (risk is higher in the frontal lobe of the brain), a variety of medical histories, a larger intake of alcohol, and drug addiction, to name a few.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"140 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74901944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.245
M. Porcionatto, B. A. G. Melo, Julia C. Benincasa, E. M. Cruz, J. Maricato
After more than a year of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines reduced the impacts of COVID-19. However, the disease continues to affect millions of people worldwide, and the development of antivirals and effective treatments remains a challenge. We recently reviewed the strategies of the tissue engineering field in providing three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models suitable to study antiviral candidates to treat COVID-19, such as spheroids, organoids, and the use of 3D bioprinting technology. These models represent an advance over conventional monolayer cultures by providing more complex structures that better resemble native tissue, improving the prediction of results. Bioengineered organs could potentially contribute to our understanding of the infection mechanisms and help the research community to overcome the challenges of developing effective treatments against COVID-19.
{"title":"The Use of 3D Models to Test Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs and Infection Mechanisms","authors":"M. Porcionatto, B. A. G. Melo, Julia C. Benincasa, E. M. Cruz, J. Maricato","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.21.10.245","url":null,"abstract":"After more than a year of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines reduced the impacts of COVID-19. However, the disease continues to affect millions of people worldwide, and the development of antivirals and effective treatments remains a challenge. We recently reviewed the strategies of the tissue engineering field in providing three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models suitable to study antiviral candidates to treat COVID-19, such as spheroids, organoids, and the use of 3D bioprinting technology. These models represent an advance over conventional monolayer cultures by providing more complex structures that better resemble native tissue, improving the prediction of results. Bioengineered organs could potentially contribute to our understanding of the infection mechanisms and help the research community to overcome the challenges of developing effective treatments against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84012595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.20.9.225
Sarada Anepu
Barrett’s esophagus is generally evaluated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In chromoendoscopy technique, methylene blue is used by spraying along the esophagus and upper stomach. The objective of present study is to prepare fast disintegrating tablets of methylene blue, which can disintegrate and dissolve rapidly in the saliva. Fast disintegrating tablets when administered 30 minutes prior to endoscopy will reach the esophagus and provide uniform staining for easy diagnosis during endoscopy. Methods: Fast disintegrating tablets of methylene blue were prepared by varying concentration of superdisintegrant and sublimating agent. Prepared tablets were evaluated after sublimation. Dye-Excipient compatibility studies were performed, and stability studies were carried according to ICH guidelines. Prepared formulations were evaluated in healthy animals. Results: All the precompression blends showed free flowing property and hence, were used in direct compression technique for tablet formulation. Tabletting parameters were within the compendial limits. Disintegration times of all the prepared tablets were less than 60 seconds indicating their suitability as fast disintegrating tablets. In vitro dissolution studies were performed in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and tablets showing greater than 85% dye release in 10 minutes with minimum friability (10% camphor, 8% crospovidone). Dye- excipient compatibility studies did not show any interactions. Uniform staining along the esophagus indicated the suitability of developed methylene blue tablets. Conclusions: Prepared and evaluated tablets can be administered as diagnostic aid for diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus, 30 minutes prior to endoscopy.
{"title":"Formulations 2020: Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Methylene Blue as Diagnostic Aid in Upper GI Endoscopy: Formulation and Evaluation- Sarada Anepu","authors":"Sarada Anepu","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.20.9.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.20.9.225","url":null,"abstract":"Barrett’s esophagus is generally evaluated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In chromoendoscopy technique, methylene blue is used by spraying along the esophagus and upper stomach. The objective of present study is to prepare fast disintegrating tablets of methylene blue, which can disintegrate and dissolve rapidly in the saliva. Fast disintegrating tablets when administered 30 minutes prior to endoscopy will reach the esophagus and provide uniform staining for easy diagnosis during endoscopy. Methods: Fast disintegrating tablets of methylene blue were prepared by varying concentration of superdisintegrant and sublimating agent. Prepared tablets were evaluated after sublimation. Dye-Excipient compatibility studies were performed, and stability studies were carried according to ICH guidelines. Prepared formulations were evaluated in healthy animals. Results: All the precompression blends showed free flowing property and hence, were used in direct compression technique for tablet formulation. Tabletting parameters were within the compendial limits. Disintegration times of all the prepared tablets were less than 60 seconds indicating their suitability as fast disintegrating tablets. In vitro dissolution studies were performed in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and tablets showing greater than 85% dye release in 10 minutes with minimum friability (10% camphor, 8% crospovidone). Dye- excipient compatibility studies did not show any interactions. Uniform staining along the esophagus indicated the suitability of developed methylene blue tablets. Conclusions: Prepared and evaluated tablets can be administered as diagnostic aid for diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus, 30 minutes prior to endoscopy.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85686794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.20.9.228
Mulugeta Russom, A. Berhane, Merhawi Debesai, Hagos Andom, Dawit Tesfai, Zenawi Zeremariam, Selamawit Gebrehiwet, Nighisty Tesfamichael, S. M. Said, Hagos Ahmed
Background Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is an intervention recommended by the WHO for prophylaxis of Tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (PLWH) and reported as generally safe with little risk of hepatotoxicity. Following its introduction in Eritrea in 2014, IPT related hepatotoxicity and fatality have been frequently reported to the Eritrean Pharmacovigilance Centre. The aim of this study is, therefore, to quantify the risk of hepatotoxicity, evaluate the effectiveness of close laboratory monitoring, assess the causal relationship of IPT and hepatotoxicity, identify possible risk factors and assess preventability of Isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in PLWH. Methods This was an observational cohort study of PLWH on IPT enrolled from three Antiretroviral therapy (ART) Clinics in Asmara, Eritrea, between August 2016 and February 2017. Causality and preventability of the cases was assessed using Naranjo probability scale and P-method respectively. Results Of the 360 eligible patients, 56 were identified with hepatotoxicity with an incidence rate of cases per 1000 person-months with a median time to reaction onset of 34 days. About 41% of the cases developed severe or very severe hepatotoxicity following initiation of IPT. INH was terminated in 78.6% of the cases and reaction abated in 84.1% (37/44) following withdrawal of INH. Besides, ART was discontinued in 42.5% of the cases due to hepatotoxicity. In majority of the cases (87.5%), the causal relationship was found to be ‘probable’ and in 82.1% hepatotoxicity was not preventable. Conclusion The incidence rate of INH-related hepatotoxicity is very high with a short time to reaction onset and the occurrence of severe/ very severe hepatotoxicity was unavoidable in substantial number of patients; making risk minimization plan and IPT deployment challenging.
{"title":"Challenges of Hepatotoxicity Associated with Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among People Living with HIV in Eritrea","authors":"Mulugeta Russom, A. Berhane, Merhawi Debesai, Hagos Andom, Dawit Tesfai, Zenawi Zeremariam, Selamawit Gebrehiwet, Nighisty Tesfamichael, S. M. Said, Hagos Ahmed","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.20.9.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.20.9.228","url":null,"abstract":"Background Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is an intervention recommended by the WHO for prophylaxis of Tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (PLWH) and reported as generally safe with little risk of hepatotoxicity. Following its introduction in Eritrea in 2014, IPT related hepatotoxicity and fatality have been frequently reported to the Eritrean Pharmacovigilance Centre. The aim of this study is, therefore, to quantify the risk of hepatotoxicity, evaluate the effectiveness of close laboratory monitoring, assess the causal relationship of IPT and hepatotoxicity, identify possible risk factors and assess preventability of Isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in PLWH. Methods This was an observational cohort study of PLWH on IPT enrolled from three Antiretroviral therapy (ART) Clinics in Asmara, Eritrea, between August 2016 and February 2017. Causality and preventability of the cases was assessed using Naranjo probability scale and P-method respectively. Results Of the 360 eligible patients, 56 were identified with hepatotoxicity with an incidence rate of cases per 1000 person-months with a median time to reaction onset of 34 days. About 41% of the cases developed severe or very severe hepatotoxicity following initiation of IPT. INH was terminated in 78.6% of the cases and reaction abated in 84.1% (37/44) following withdrawal of INH. Besides, ART was discontinued in 42.5% of the cases due to hepatotoxicity. In majority of the cases (87.5%), the causal relationship was found to be ‘probable’ and in 82.1% hepatotoxicity was not preventable. Conclusion The incidence rate of INH-related hepatotoxicity is very high with a short time to reaction onset and the occurrence of severe/ very severe hepatotoxicity was unavoidable in substantial number of patients; making risk minimization plan and IPT deployment challenging.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"5 4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84904039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.228
Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun
Background: Rational drug use entails a multi-collaborative effort which encompasses various professionals. Prescribing indicator is among the WHO core drug use indicators used to investigate the rational drug use in healthcare facilities. The objective of the study was to evaluate rational drug use using WHO prescribing indicators in Aksum University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (AkUCSH). Methods: A facility based cross sectional study design was employed which was conducted between April and May 2019. Records of patients at Out-patient Pharmacy administered from April 01 2018 to March 31 2019 were the study population. Based on WHO recommendation, a total of 600 patient prescriptions were included. A systematic random sampling technique was used to include patient prescriptions fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A structured data collection tool was used to collect data and necessary supervision was done during the data collection process. Data was entered in to, checked, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24. Results: Totally, 1053 drugs were prescribed in 600 prescriptions. The average number of drug prescribed per encounter was found to be 1.78 (SD±0.91). Encounters prescribed using generic name were 95.63% (1007). Moreover, about 99.5% (1048) prescribed medicines were within the Essential Medicines List (EML). Of a total of 1053 prescribed medicines, 49.2% (295) and 4.0% (24) were antibiotics and injections, respectively. Conclusion: Our finding revealed, a suboptimal level of rational drug use is found in tertiary healthcare setting of central Tigray. Appropriate strategies should be developed and implemented to promote rational drug use.
背景:合理用药需要多方合作，包括各专业人员。处方指标是世卫组织用于调查卫生保健机构合理用药情况的核心用药指标之一。本研究的目的是利用世卫组织处方指标评价阿克苏姆大学综合专科医院的合理用药情况。方法:采用基于设施的横断面研究设计，于2019年4 - 5月进行。研究人群为2018年4月1日至2019年3月31日在门诊药房管理的患者记录。根据世卫组织的建议，共纳入了600张患者处方。采用系统随机抽样技术纳入符合纳入标准的患者处方。使用结构化数据收集工具收集数据，并在数据收集过程中进行必要的监督。使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)第24版对数据进行输入、检查和分析。结果:600张处方中，共使用1053种药物。每次就诊的平均处方数为1.78 (SD±0.91)。使用通用名就诊的占95.63%(1007例)。此外，约99.5%(1048种)的处方药在基本药物清单内。在1053种处方药物中，抗生素和注射剂分别占49.2%(295种)和4.0%(24种)。结论:本研究结果显示，提格雷中部三级医疗机构的合理用药水平不理想。应制定和实施适当的战略，促进合理用药。
{"title":"Evaluation of Pattern of Drug Use in Tertiary Health Care Setting in Central Tigray Using WHO Prescribing Indicators","authors":"Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rational drug use entails a multi-collaborative effort which encompasses various professionals. Prescribing indicator is among the WHO core drug use indicators used to investigate the rational drug use in healthcare facilities. The objective of the study was to evaluate rational drug use using WHO prescribing indicators in Aksum University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (AkUCSH). Methods: A facility based cross sectional study design was employed which was conducted between April and May 2019. Records of patients at Out-patient Pharmacy administered from April 01 2018 to March 31 2019 were the study population. Based on WHO recommendation, a total of 600 patient prescriptions were included. A systematic random sampling technique was used to include patient prescriptions fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A structured data collection tool was used to collect data and necessary supervision was done during the data collection process. Data was entered in to, checked, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24. Results: Totally, 1053 drugs were prescribed in 600 prescriptions. The average number of drug prescribed per encounter was found to be 1.78 (SD±0.91). Encounters prescribed using generic name were 95.63% (1007). Moreover, about 99.5% (1048) prescribed medicines were within the Essential Medicines List (EML). Of a total of 1053 prescribed medicines, 49.2% (295) and 4.0% (24) were antibiotics and injections, respectively. Conclusion: Our finding revealed, a suboptimal level of rational drug use is found in tertiary healthcare setting of central Tigray. Appropriate strategies should be developed and implemented to promote rational drug use.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88952660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.2
Shufeng Zhou
The Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Longdom publication, is an international prominent journal focusing on studies pertaining to rare adverse drug reactions, drug efficacy evaluations, drug interaction quantifications, patterns of drug usage, herbal medicines, randomized control trials, case control studies, cross-sectional studies, case cross over studies and cohort studies. Its is an open access and peer reviewed journal by eminent Editorial Board and the manuscripts are peer-reviewed by potential reviewers according to their research interest.
《药物流行病学与药物安全进展》(Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety)是一份国际知名期刊，专注于罕见药物不良反应、药物疗效评估、药物相互作用量化、药物使用模式、草药、随机对照试验、病例对照研究、横断面研究、病例交叉研究和队列研究等方面的研究。它是一份开放获取和同行评审的期刊，由著名的编辑委员会和潜在的审稿人根据他们的研究兴趣对手稿进行同行评审。
{"title":"Editorial note on Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","authors":"Shufeng Zhou","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Longdom publication, is an international prominent journal focusing on studies pertaining to rare adverse drug reactions, drug efficacy evaluations, drug interaction quantifications, patterns of drug usage, herbal medicines, randomized control trials, case control studies, cross-sectional studies, case cross over studies and cohort studies. Its is an open access and peer reviewed journal by eminent Editorial Board and the manuscripts are peer-reviewed by potential reviewers according to their research interest.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88160805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.230
J. Faraj, Shaimaa M. Mohammed, Ihab I. Al-khalifa, Sabah Nema Al Thamer, K. A. Shareffi, P. P. Deluca
Vitamin B12 is an important water-soluble vitamin which is found in a variety of food such as fish, shellfish, meat, and dairy products. It helps maintain healthy nerve cells and red blood cells, as well as aid in rapid DNA production during cell division. The daily requirement of vitamin B12 for the human body is approximately 1-25 µg . In 1960 introduced long-acting depot antipsychotic drug as the first long acting medications. Depot formulations providing further reductions in morbidity and mortality. Because they bypass the gastrointestinal tract, Depot treatments decrease the amount of medication needed and reduce certain peripheral side effects. Understanding the clinical and compliance of patients from the use of single dose with multiple and consecutive treatment of B12, we have developed long-term implantable medication delivery loaded with vitamin B12. The proposed method of controlled drug delivery uses sterile implants processed with a Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer with a delivery interval of up to one month depending on polymer composition, and drug loading. In this study, 3 goals were addressed: 1: To formulate six different batches of biodegradable polymer implants loaded with vitamin 12 and target profile shown in Tables 1. 2: To characterize the formulated implants and establish an in vitro release for the B12 as a function of time. 3: Perform in vivo study and measure the serum concentration of B12 released from implants subcutaneously inserted into rats. Accomplishment of these three goals could provide the feasibility of controlled release vitamin B12 implants for human treatment for vitamin deficiency.
{"title":"Phama Sci Preparation, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Vitamin B12 Loaded Implants Al-Rasheed University College, Iraq","authors":"J. Faraj, Shaimaa M. Mohammed, Ihab I. Al-khalifa, Sabah Nema Al Thamer, K. A. Shareffi, P. P. Deluca","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.19.9.230","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin B12 is an important water-soluble vitamin which is found in a variety of food such as fish, shellfish, meat, and dairy products. It helps maintain healthy nerve cells and red blood cells, as well as aid in rapid DNA production during cell division. The daily requirement of vitamin B12 for the human body is approximately 1-25 µg . In 1960 introduced long-acting depot antipsychotic drug as the first long acting medications. Depot formulations providing further reductions in morbidity and mortality. Because they bypass the gastrointestinal tract, Depot treatments decrease the amount of medication needed and reduce certain peripheral side effects. Understanding the clinical and compliance of patients from the use of single dose with multiple and consecutive treatment of B12, we have developed long-term implantable medication delivery loaded with vitamin B12. The proposed method of controlled drug delivery uses sterile implants processed with a Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer with a delivery interval of up to one month depending on polymer composition, and drug loading. In this study, 3 goals were addressed: 1: To formulate six different batches of biodegradable polymer implants loaded with vitamin 12 and target profile shown in Tables 1. 2: To characterize the formulated implants and establish an in vitro release for the B12 as a function of time. 3: Perform in vivo study and measure the serum concentration of B12 released from implants subcutaneously inserted into rats. Accomplishment of these three goals could provide the feasibility of controlled release vitamin B12 implants for human treatment for vitamin deficiency.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"121 3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88492902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-1052.19.8.226
Nazanin Foroutan
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from fluoroquinolones which are used to treat gram negative and positive bacterial infections. In last twenty years, tendinopathy is a worrying side effect. The side effects of tendon disorders including pain on tendon, angle tenderness, tendinitis and tendon rupture risk. Based on these symptoms various cases are shown and calculated. After several weeks pause in ciprofloxacin treatment the symptoms of tendon disorders are reduced.
{"title":"Tendon Rupture as a probable side effect of Ciprofloxacin: A review article","authors":"Nazanin Foroutan","doi":"10.35248/2167-1052.19.8.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1052.19.8.226","url":null,"abstract":"Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from fluoroquinolones which are used to treat gram negative and positive bacterial infections. In last twenty years, tendinopathy is a worrying side effect. The side effects of tendon disorders including pain on tendon, angle tenderness, tendinitis and tendon rupture risk. Based on these symptoms various cases are shown and calculated. After several weeks pause in ciprofloxacin treatment the symptoms of tendon disorders are reduced.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83757740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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