Pub Date : 2016-08-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000207
Ashok Ranjan, A. Tripathi, A. Saurabh, Kalaiselvan, R. Gupta, Gupta Sk, Agrawal Ss
The present study proposed a new statistical measure to find out the association between Drug-Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) pair in the Pharmacovigilance system. The study proposed a subjective Bayesian measure corresponding to Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR) parameter for quantitative signal detection. Classical and Bayesian inference procedure were used in analysis with four Drug-ADR pair as an example. We made prior information by expert opinion. The result of this analysis shows that Bayesian inference is more reliable as compared to classical inference. This study suggests that in case of spontaneous reporting in Pharmacovigilance system subjective Bayesian inference better to applying in case of small sample size.
{"title":"Signal Detection in Pharmacovigilance: An Application of Subjective Bayesian Inference","authors":"Ashok Ranjan, A. Tripathi, A. Saurabh, Kalaiselvan, R. Gupta, Gupta Sk, Agrawal Ss","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"The present study proposed a new statistical measure to find out the association between Drug-Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) pair in the Pharmacovigilance system. The study proposed a subjective Bayesian measure corresponding to Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR) parameter for quantitative signal detection. Classical and Bayesian inference procedure were used in analysis with four Drug-ADR pair as an example. We made prior information by expert opinion. The result of this analysis shows that Bayesian inference is more reliable as compared to classical inference. This study suggests that in case of spontaneous reporting in Pharmacovigilance system subjective Bayesian inference better to applying in case of small sample size.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"67 1","pages":"01-03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85803376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-26DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000206
Tew Mm, T. Bc, Mohd Baidi As, Saw Hl
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are global problems of major concern. Healthcare professional's knowledge and attitudes to ADR and ADR reporting play vital role to report any cases of ADR. Positive attitudes may favour ADR reporting practices by healthcare professionals. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the KAP towards ADR reporting among HCPs working at primary outpatient care in Kuala Muda District Health Office, Kedah, Malaysia. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done by survey using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to all healthcare professionals working at primary outpatient care in Kuala Muda District Health Office, Kedah, Malaysia. Result and Discussion: The overall response rate was 87.4%. The mean knowledge score was 66.9% ± 19.86 for doctors and 76.9% ± 13.87 for pharmacists (p=0.03). 43.8% of the healthcare professionals did not aware of the blue card reporting system in Malaysia. Almost all of the respondents agreed that ADR reporting should be made mandatory and they recognized that it's their professional obligation to report any ADR. However, only 51.9% of doctors and 70.8 % of pharmacist had reported. Half of the respondents professed that ADR forms are too complex to fill and almost all of the respondents (90.4% doctors and 87.5% pharmacists) declared that they are lacking of time to fill in the report. 69.2% of doctors expressed that they have not been trained on ADR reporting which was contradicting with the pharmacists (12.5%) (p<0.001). Almost all respondents (82.7 % doctors and 95.8 pharmacists) concurred that ADR reporting should be taught in details to them. Conclusion: Respondents reflected inadequate knowledge on ADR reporting. The prevalence of unsatisfactory practices and attitudes among these HCPs contributed to failure to report ADR even if the ADR was identified. Educational intervention strategies can be introduced in order to promote ADR reporting.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Adverse DrugReaction Reporting among Doctors and Pharmacists in PrimaryHealthcare","authors":"Tew Mm, T. Bc, Mohd Baidi As, Saw Hl","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are global problems of major concern. Healthcare professional's knowledge and attitudes to ADR and ADR reporting play vital role to report any cases of ADR. Positive attitudes may favour ADR reporting practices by healthcare professionals. \u0000Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the KAP towards ADR reporting among HCPs working at primary outpatient care in Kuala Muda District Health Office, Kedah, Malaysia. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done by survey using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to all healthcare professionals working at primary outpatient care in Kuala Muda District Health Office, Kedah, Malaysia. Result and Discussion: The overall response rate was 87.4%. The mean knowledge score was 66.9% ± 19.86 for doctors and 76.9% ± 13.87 for pharmacists (p=0.03). 43.8% of the healthcare professionals did not aware of the blue card reporting system in Malaysia. Almost all of the respondents agreed that ADR reporting should be made mandatory and they recognized that it's their professional obligation to report any ADR. However, only 51.9% of doctors and 70.8 % of pharmacist had reported. Half of the respondents professed that ADR forms are too complex to fill and almost all of the respondents (90.4% doctors and 87.5% pharmacists) declared that they are lacking of time to fill in the report. 69.2% of doctors expressed that they have not been trained on ADR reporting which was contradicting with the pharmacists (12.5%) (p<0.001). Almost all respondents (82.7 % doctors and 95.8 pharmacists) concurred that ADR reporting should be taught in details to them. Conclusion: Respondents reflected inadequate knowledge on ADR reporting. The prevalence of unsatisfactory practices and attitudes among these HCPs contributed to failure to report ADR even if the ADR was identified. Educational intervention strategies can be introduced in order to promote ADR reporting.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"7 1","pages":"01-06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82372448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-11DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000204
Kang Soo Lee, Borah Kim, T. Choi, Sang-Hyuk Lee
Paliperidone palmitate, the long-acting injectable form of paliperidone (PLAI), is approved for once-monthly intramuscular injection [1]. Several studies suggest that the loading dose regimen for PLAI does not lead to higher rates of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) than the oral formulation [2]. However, reports of post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS) by olanzapine LAI raise safety issues of LAI. We report a case, which demonstrates that EPS-related TEAEs can be quite refractory to a number of pharmacological interventions and persist for more than 3 months following PLAI administration.
{"title":"Rare but Treatment-emergent Extrapyramidal Symptoms-related AdverseEvents after Administration of Long-acting Injectable PaliperidonePalmitate","authors":"Kang Soo Lee, Borah Kim, T. Choi, Sang-Hyuk Lee","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000204","url":null,"abstract":"Paliperidone palmitate, the long-acting injectable form of paliperidone (PLAI), is approved for once-monthly intramuscular injection [1]. Several studies suggest that the loading dose regimen for PLAI does not lead to higher rates of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) than the oral formulation [2]. However, reports of post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS) by olanzapine LAI raise safety issues of LAI. We report a case, which demonstrates that EPS-related TEAEs can be quite refractory to a number of pharmacological interventions and persist for more than 3 months following PLAI administration.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"2 1","pages":"0-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84665954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000202
Kun-kai Su, Yunxu Yang, Qiuping Wu, Y. Mao, Ying Hu
Polymeric micelles of curcumin were obtained using Pluronic P123 to increase the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. The curcumin-P123 micelles were prepared by a thin-film dispersion method and the content of curcumin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The entrapment efficiency was optimized by an orthogonal design to determine the best preparation method. The microscopic morphology, diameter, and drugloaded amount of the micelles were determined by transmission electron microscopy, particle size distribution, Fourier transform, and X-ray diffraction. The in vitro drug release rates were measured by a dialysis method. The entrapment efficiency of curcumin was 94.7% and the loading capacity was 3.06% under optimized conditions (curcumin 5 mg, Pluronic P123 150 mg, water 10 mL, and methanol 10 mL). The average size and zeta potential of the round or ellipse polymeric micelles were 117.23 ± 2.57 nm and 7.87 ± 2.50 mV, respectively, with uniform particle size distribution. The polymeric micelles were dispersed into block copolymers in molecular and amorphous forms based on X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis. The polymeric micelles of curcumin showed significant sustained drug release in vitro compared with a pharmaceutical solution. The anti-tumor efficacy of curcumin-P123 on B16 cells was assessed in vitro by a (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The antitumor effects of the polymeric micelles was higher than that of curcumin. The prepared curcumin-P123 micelles increased the drug solubility in the aqueous phase. The polymeric micelles of curcumin have an important effect and excellent research value because of their sustained drug release and excellent inhibitory effect on tumor cells.
{"title":"Preparation of Polymeric Micelles of Curcumin with Pluronic P123 and Assessment of Efficacy against B16 Cells In Vitro","authors":"Kun-kai Su, Yunxu Yang, Qiuping Wu, Y. Mao, Ying Hu","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000202","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric micelles of curcumin were obtained using Pluronic P123 to increase the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. The curcumin-P123 micelles were prepared by a thin-film dispersion method and the content of curcumin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The entrapment efficiency was optimized by an orthogonal design to determine the best preparation method. The microscopic morphology, diameter, and drugloaded amount of the micelles were determined by transmission electron microscopy, particle size distribution, Fourier transform, and X-ray diffraction. The in vitro drug release rates were measured by a dialysis method. The entrapment efficiency of curcumin was 94.7% and the loading capacity was 3.06% under optimized conditions (curcumin 5 mg, Pluronic P123 150 mg, water 10 mL, and methanol 10 mL). The average size and zeta potential of the round or ellipse polymeric micelles were 117.23 ± 2.57 nm and 7.87 ± 2.50 mV, respectively, with uniform particle size distribution. The polymeric micelles were dispersed into block copolymers in molecular and amorphous forms based on X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis. The polymeric micelles of curcumin showed significant sustained drug release in vitro compared with a pharmaceutical solution. The anti-tumor efficacy of curcumin-P123 on B16 cells was assessed in vitro by a (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The antitumor effects of the polymeric micelles was higher than that of curcumin. The prepared curcumin-P123 micelles increased the drug solubility in the aqueous phase. The polymeric micelles of curcumin have an important effect and excellent research value because of their sustained drug release and excellent inhibitory effect on tumor cells.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"82 1","pages":"01-04"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76119992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000203
E. Peron, J. Hardouin, Sébille, F. Feuillet, L. Wainstein, A. Chaslerie, J. Pivette, P. Jolliet, C. Victorri-Vigneau
Introduction: According to the French health authorities’ guidelines relative to depression and anxiety disorder treatments, six Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors are available for prescription as a first-line of treatment. The guidelines suggest equivalence between these treatment options, but studies diverge regarding efficacy and safety profiles. Moreover, conditions in clinical trials are strictly controlled and do not truly reflect real life utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in efficacy and/or safety between these six selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in real conditions of use. Methods: Efficacy and safety were evaluated using a regional database of the French national health insurance. Patients who received a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for a new depressive disorder and who were compliant to the treatment for a period of at least 6 months were included. Events indicative of a lack of efficacy and/or safety during the 12-month follow-up period were identified in the database (i.e., a dose increase, a switch to another antidepressant drug or an association with another antidepressant drug). A Cox model was used to compare the frequency and the delay to onset of each type of indicative event for each selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Results: Out of 3542 patients included, 1081 (30.5%) experienced an indicative event. The Cox model showed differences in terms of efficacy and safety. Patients treated with paroxetine, sertraline or citalopram as a first antidepressant were more likely to present a therapeutic failure than those treated by escitalopram or fluoxetine. Conclusion: A Cox model identified differences between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in terms of efficacy and/or safety profile. Our study positioned Escitalopram as the most efficient and/or safe treatment option. This study strategy can viably be used to evaluate the real life usage and effects of other drugs, an essential part of post approval evaluation.
{"title":"Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, are They All Equal? A Pharmacoepidemiological Study","authors":"E. Peron, J. Hardouin, Sébille, F. Feuillet, L. Wainstein, A. Chaslerie, J. Pivette, P. Jolliet, C. Victorri-Vigneau","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000203","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: According to the French health authorities’ guidelines relative to depression and anxiety disorder treatments, six Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors are available for prescription as a first-line of treatment. The guidelines suggest equivalence between these treatment options, but studies diverge regarding efficacy and safety profiles. Moreover, conditions in clinical trials are strictly controlled and do not truly reflect real life utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in efficacy and/or safety between these six selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in real conditions of use. \u0000Methods: Efficacy and safety were evaluated using a regional database of the French national health insurance. Patients who received a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for a new depressive disorder and who were compliant to the treatment for a period of at least 6 months were included. Events indicative of a lack of efficacy and/or safety during the 12-month follow-up period were identified in the database (i.e., a dose increase, a switch to another antidepressant drug or an association with another antidepressant drug). A Cox model was used to compare the frequency and the delay to onset of each type of indicative event for each selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. \u0000Results: Out of 3542 patients included, 1081 (30.5%) experienced an indicative event. The Cox model showed differences in terms of efficacy and safety. Patients treated with paroxetine, sertraline or citalopram as a first antidepressant were more likely to present a therapeutic failure than those treated by escitalopram or fluoxetine. \u0000Conclusion: A Cox model identified differences between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in terms of efficacy and/or safety profile. Our study positioned Escitalopram as the most efficient and/or safe treatment option. This study strategy can viably be used to evaluate the real life usage and effects of other drugs, an essential part of post approval evaluation.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"17 1","pages":"01-08"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87822677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-21DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000E142
J. Patil
Neuraceuticals are the biologically active materials of known medicinal uses generally accepted to supply substantially to the therapeutic activity of the drug [1]. Nutraceutical was the term first defined by Dr. Stephen L. Later on, the meaning of nutraceutical term has been modified by Health Canada as a substance extracted, separated and or purified from foods, and sold in the form of drug and claimed to have a therapeutic activity [2]. Long ago Hippocrates, father of modern medicine emphasized as food must be medicine and medicine must be our food. Hence, the food we consume is suffering with lack of nutricinals and it necessitates us to provide the essential nutrients. As the nutraceuticals are recognized to play an important role in the public health promotion increased the worldwide awareness on these products. Nutraceuticals are considered as food or part of food gives therapeutic benefits and claimed to prevention and treatment of disease. These products include isolated nutrients, dietary supplements, herbal products and processed foods. Presently over 500 such products are available with renowned health benefits [3]. In future also there is a lot of scope in India for further growth of nutraceutical market. The scientific validation of nutraceutical products is also the area where are lacking behind.
{"title":"Nutraceuticals: Emerging Trend in Public Health Promotion","authors":"J. Patil","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000E142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000E142","url":null,"abstract":"Neuraceuticals are the biologically active materials of known medicinal uses generally accepted to supply substantially to the therapeutic activity of the drug [1]. Nutraceutical was the term first defined by Dr. Stephen L. Later on, the meaning of nutraceutical term has been modified by Health Canada as a substance extracted, separated and or purified from foods, and sold in the form of drug and claimed to have a therapeutic activity [2]. Long ago Hippocrates, father of modern medicine emphasized as food must be medicine and medicine must be our food. Hence, the food we consume is suffering with lack of nutricinals and it necessitates us to provide the essential nutrients. As the nutraceuticals are recognized to play an important role in the public health promotion increased the worldwide awareness on these products. Nutraceuticals are considered as food or part of food gives therapeutic benefits and claimed to prevention and treatment of disease. These products include isolated nutrients, dietary supplements, herbal products and processed foods. Presently over 500 such products are available with renowned health benefits [3]. In future also there is a lot of scope in India for further growth of nutraceutical market. The scientific validation of nutraceutical products is also the area where are lacking behind.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86094685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000201
Fazlu Rehman, Rao As, A. Hasan, H. Parameshwar, M. Raoof, M. Qurram
Tuberculosis (TB) one of the oldest diseases known to humankind and remains as an important public health problem in India. It is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality despite the fact that it can be cured with adequate treatment. The emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) or extensively drug resistant (XDR-TB) is one of the challenges in our efforts to control TB. The study aim was to assess the patient’s perception on tuberculosis, prevention and control. The research shows significant gender difference between male and female awareness, patients have the information TB is not a contagious, patients were not keeping proper medication records thereby incomplete or inappropriate treatment could have severe consequences of disease and might lead to death. Knowledge about TB symptoms, diagnosis, pulmonary complication, duration of treatment, free treatment, has to be stressed during health education activities.
{"title":"An Assessment of Patient's Perception on Tuberculosis, Prevention and Control in a Teaching Hospital","authors":"Fazlu Rehman, Rao As, A. Hasan, H. Parameshwar, M. Raoof, M. Qurram","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000201","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) one of the oldest diseases known to humankind and remains as an important public health problem in India. It is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality despite the fact that it can be cured with adequate treatment. The emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) or extensively drug resistant (XDR-TB) is one of the challenges in our efforts to control TB. The study aim was to assess the patient’s perception on tuberculosis, prevention and control. The research shows significant gender difference between male and female awareness, patients have the information TB is not a contagious, patients were not keeping proper medication records thereby incomplete or inappropriate treatment could have severe consequences of disease and might lead to death. Knowledge about TB symptoms, diagnosis, pulmonary complication, duration of treatment, free treatment, has to be stressed during health education activities.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"05 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86486412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-07DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000200
Mamo Es, B. K. Gelaw, G. T. Tegegne
Background: Schizophrenia is a classic psychiatric diagnosis in which patients experience psychotic symptoms for longer than 6 months. Non adherence is a major problem in the treatment of schizophrenia which is significantly associated with treatment out come and is the major cause of relapse in the treatment of schizophrenia. High prevalence, costs associated with it and potentially severe consequences are those cases that made the study of this phenomenon a priority issue. The objective of this study was to evaluate adherence rates to schizophrenic patients. Methods: Cross-sectional method was conducted over 2 month period (March 10th to May 15th) in Adama hospital and patients self-reporting using an interview (focusing on how often regular medication doses were missed altogether, and whether they missed taking their doses on time) was used to evaluate adherence rates to schizophrenic medications. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software, which is used to associate different variables with an adherence. Result: In the study 141 patients were included and on the basis of patients self-report, 56% of patients reported that they had never missed a medication dose, 14.18% sometimes missed their daily doses, 11.35% only missed taking their dose at the specific scheduled time and 18.49% missed both taking their dose at the specific scheduled time and sometimes missed their daily doses. The most common reason for missing medication doses were forgetfulness (43.5%), being busy (17.7%), lack of sufficient information about medication (14.5%) and pill burden (8%). duration of maintenance therapy, social drug Use and medication side effects each had a statistically significant association with medication adherence (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was well observed that medication adherence in this study was low as compared to previous reports. Forgetfulness was the most common reason for missing medication dose. Adherence must therefore be considered when planning treatment strategies with schizophrenic medications, particularly in countries such as Ethiopia.
{"title":"Medication Adherence among Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Antipsychotics at Adama Hospital, East Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State","authors":"Mamo Es, B. K. Gelaw, G. T. Tegegne","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Schizophrenia is a classic psychiatric diagnosis in which patients experience psychotic symptoms for longer than 6 months. Non adherence is a major problem in the treatment of schizophrenia which is significantly associated with treatment out come and is the major cause of relapse in the treatment of schizophrenia. High prevalence, costs associated with it and potentially severe consequences are those cases that made the study of this phenomenon a priority issue. The objective of this study was to evaluate adherence rates to schizophrenic patients. \u0000Methods: Cross-sectional method was conducted over 2 month period (March 10th to May 15th) in Adama hospital and patients self-reporting using an interview (focusing on how often regular medication doses were missed altogether, and whether they missed taking their doses on time) was used to evaluate adherence rates to schizophrenic medications. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software, which is used to associate different variables with an adherence. \u0000Result: In the study 141 patients were included and on the basis of patients self-report, 56% of patients reported that they had never missed a medication dose, 14.18% sometimes missed their daily doses, 11.35% only missed taking their dose at the specific scheduled time and 18.49% missed both taking their dose at the specific scheduled time and sometimes missed their daily doses. The most common reason for missing medication doses were forgetfulness (43.5%), being busy (17.7%), lack of sufficient information about medication (14.5%) and pill burden (8%). duration of maintenance therapy, social drug Use and medication side effects each had a statistically significant association with medication adherence (p < 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: It was well observed that medication adherence in this study was low as compared to previous reports. Forgetfulness was the most common reason for missing medication dose. Adherence must therefore be considered when planning treatment strategies with schizophrenic medications, particularly in countries such as Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90855723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000199
G. Thomas, T. Gedif, Abeshu Ma, B. Geleta
Background: Abortion rates following unintended pregnancies is increasing in developing countries like Africa. Unsafe abortion is threatening the gains in reducing maternal mortality and achieving millennium development goal targets. Medication abortion is one of safe abortion interventions. Adequate level of knowledge among women of reproductive age groups contributes to prevention and control of unsafe abortion and the resulting mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was therefore to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding medication abortion among regular undergraduate female students of the College of Social Sciences, Addis Ababa University. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study supplemented by key informants’ interview was conducted between 1st of June to 5th of July 2013. The quantitative data were collected using structured, self-administered questionnaire and the qualitative data were collected by the principal investigator using interview guide. Results: The age of the study participants ranged from 18 to 25 years with a mean age of 20.6 ± 1.5. Threefourth of the respondents (159, 74.6%) knew what medication abortion meant where 11 (6.9%) and 97(61%) of them had high and low knowledge on medication abortion respectively. Majority (142, 66.7%) of the study participants would advise someone with unwanted pregnancy to undergo an abortion and 86 (40.4%) would consider abortion if they had unplanned pregnancy. From 21 respondents who had abortion experience, 13 (61.9%) used medication abortion. Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of the female undergraduate students in Addis Ababa University has low knowledge regarding medical abortion, though most of them have positive attitude towards medication abortion.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Medication Abortion among Regular Undergraduate Female Students in College of Social Sciences Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia","authors":"G. Thomas, T. Gedif, Abeshu Ma, B. Geleta","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abortion rates following unintended pregnancies is increasing in developing countries like Africa. Unsafe abortion is threatening the gains in reducing maternal mortality and achieving millennium development goal targets. Medication abortion is one of safe abortion interventions. Adequate level of knowledge among women of reproductive age groups contributes to prevention and control of unsafe abortion and the resulting mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was therefore to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding medication abortion among regular undergraduate female students of the College of Social Sciences, Addis Ababa University. \u0000Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study supplemented by key informants’ interview was conducted between 1st of June to 5th of July 2013. The quantitative data were collected using structured, self-administered questionnaire and the qualitative data were collected by the principal investigator using interview guide. \u0000Results: The age of the study participants ranged from 18 to 25 years with a mean age of 20.6 ± 1.5. Threefourth of the respondents (159, 74.6%) knew what medication abortion meant where 11 (6.9%) and 97(61%) of them had high and low knowledge on medication abortion respectively. Majority (142, 66.7%) of the study participants would advise someone with unwanted pregnancy to undergo an abortion and 86 (40.4%) would consider abortion if they had unplanned pregnancy. From 21 respondents who had abortion experience, 13 (61.9%) used medication abortion. \u0000Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of the female undergraduate students in Addis Ababa University has low knowledge regarding medical abortion, though most of them have positive attitude towards medication abortion.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84728488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-13DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000e141
Patil Js
Technology transfer (TT) is nothing but transferring the research outcomes from organization to another for future use and development of new medicinal products, educational tools, safety equipment, electronic devices, and health services required for public use. TT bridges between science, engineering, law and government agencies [1-3]. Drug discovery and development process of novel medicinal product depends on TT which is considered as essential and grave. This process gives clarity to product development laboratory about production and commercialization. In pharmaceutical industry TT is helpful in enhancing the quality, efficacy and safety of the product through standardized process of cost effective production [4,5]. TT can be viewed from the perception of research and development activities. The findings of research work in laboratories on small scale are needed to commercialized, and hence, TT is important for scale up the product on commercial base. TT is thus defined as the process begins with the invention in laboratory to product development phase and then to a commercial scale. The TT is said to be successful provided both receiving and transferring organizations effectively utilize it to promote their business.
{"title":"Technology Transfer: End Point of Research Process","authors":"Patil Js","doi":"10.4172/2167-1052.1000e141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000e141","url":null,"abstract":"Technology transfer (TT) is nothing but transferring the research outcomes from organization to another for future use and development of new medicinal products, educational tools, safety equipment, electronic devices, and health services required for public use. TT bridges between science, engineering, law and government agencies [1-3]. Drug discovery and development process of novel medicinal product depends on TT which is considered as essential and grave. This process gives clarity to product development laboratory about production and commercialization. In pharmaceutical industry TT is helpful in enhancing the quality, efficacy and safety of the product through standardized process of cost effective production [4,5]. TT can be viewed from the perception of research and development activities. The findings of research work in laboratories on small scale are needed to commercialized, and hence, TT is important for scale up the product on commercial base. TT is thus defined as the process begins with the invention in laboratory to product development phase and then to a commercial scale. The TT is said to be successful provided both receiving and transferring organizations effectively utilize it to promote their business.","PeriodicalId":7385,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79750209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：