Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223230
A. Vince, R. Zadro, Z. Šostar, S. L. Sternak, J. Vraneš, V. Škaro, Petar Projić, Vilim Molnar, V. Matišić, B. Baršić, G. Lauc, Zvjezdana Lovrić-Makarić, Z. Bahtijarević, T. Vlahovic, Sandra Šikić, O. Polašek, D. Primorac
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic the Croatian Football Federation has launched a new model of pre-season systematic examination of football players, emphasizing the diagnosis of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and preventing further spread among the players. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies in the cohort of asymptomatic and SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative professional football players in the Croatian First Football League by using a commercial ELISA antibody assay in the paired serum samples taken 2 months apart. Methods: Serology testing was performed from May till July 2020 in a cohort of 305 asymptomatic football players and club staff members. RT-PCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs was performed on three occasions, and Euroimmun ELISA for detection of IgA and IgG (S1 and NCP) antibodies was tested in paired serum samples in May and July. Results: All RT-PCR results were negative. Sixty-one (20%) participants were reactive in one or two classes of antibodies at baseline and/or follow-up serology testing. IgA reactivity was found in 41 (13.4% [95% CI=10.7-17.7]) baseline sera and 42 (13.8% [95% CI=10.3-18.9]) follow-up sera. IgG to S1 protein was found in 6 (2% [95% CI=0.9-4.2]) participants at baseline and 1 (0.33% [95% CI=0.0006-1.83]) at follow-up. IgG to NCP was found in 2 (0.7% [95% CI=0.2-2.4]) participants at baseline and 8 (2.6% (95% CI=1.3-5.1]) participants at follow-up. Noticeable dynamics in the paired sera was observed in 18 (5.9%) participants (excluding borderline IgA results) or 32 (10.5%) (including IgA borderline results). Conclusion: Various patterns of IgA and IgG reactivity were found in the paired serum samples. Based on serology dynamics we estimate that in 5.9%-10.5% of PCR negative football players asymptomatic exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pandemics could not be excluded.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in a Cohort of Asymptomatic, RT-PCR Negative Croatian First League Football Players","authors":"A. Vince, R. Zadro, Z. Šostar, S. L. Sternak, J. Vraneš, V. Škaro, Petar Projić, Vilim Molnar, V. Matišić, B. Baršić, G. Lauc, Zvjezdana Lovrić-Makarić, Z. Bahtijarević, T. Vlahovic, Sandra Šikić, O. Polašek, D. Primorac","doi":"10.1101/2020.10.30.20223230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223230","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic the Croatian Football Federation has launched a new model of pre-season systematic examination of football players, emphasizing the diagnosis of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and preventing further spread among the players. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies in the cohort of asymptomatic and SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative professional football players in the Croatian First Football League by using a commercial ELISA antibody assay in the paired serum samples taken 2 months apart. Methods: Serology testing was performed from May till July 2020 in a cohort of 305 asymptomatic football players and club staff members. RT-PCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs was performed on three occasions, and Euroimmun ELISA for detection of IgA and IgG (S1 and NCP) antibodies was tested in paired serum samples in May and July. Results: All RT-PCR results were negative. Sixty-one (20%) participants were reactive in one or two classes of antibodies at baseline and/or follow-up serology testing. IgA reactivity was found in 41 (13.4% [95% CI=10.7-17.7]) baseline sera and 42 (13.8% [95% CI=10.3-18.9]) follow-up sera. IgG to S1 protein was found in 6 (2% [95% CI=0.9-4.2]) participants at baseline and 1 (0.33% [95% CI=0.0006-1.83]) at follow-up. IgG to NCP was found in 2 (0.7% [95% CI=0.2-2.4]) participants at baseline and 8 (2.6% (95% CI=1.3-5.1]) participants at follow-up. Noticeable dynamics in the paired sera was observed in 18 (5.9%) participants (excluding borderline IgA results) or 32 (10.5%) (including IgA borderline results). Conclusion: Various patterns of IgA and IgG reactivity were found in the paired serum samples. Based on serology dynamics we estimate that in 5.9%-10.5% of PCR negative football players asymptomatic exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pandemics could not be excluded.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46068549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20121228
B. Jiang, Li Wang, D. Leslie
Background: Little are known about how per-patient healthcare cost and resource utilization of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) have changed over time when governments continue to reduce availability and utilization barrier of OUD treatment. Objectives: Investigate trends of per-patient healthcare cost and utilization of outpatient, inpatient and emergency department services among privately insured individuals with OUD from 2005 to 2014. Methods: The MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database was used to analyze healthcare cost and resource utilization of opioid used disorder from 2005 to 2014. A matched case-control design was employed to estimate the impact of OUD on healthcare cost and service utilization over this period. Main findings: Excess annual per-patient healthcare cost of OUD stayed relatively stable with an average of $14,586 between 2005 and 2014. However, excess outpatient cost increased while excess inpatient cost decreased over time. Among OUD patients, the increase of OUD related outpatient care utilization rate and average number of visits coincided with the decrease of inpatient and ED service utilization rates and average number of ED visits. Conclusions: Among OUD patients, the increasing per-patient utilization of OUD related outpatient care, together with the decline in per-patient utilization of more urgent care including inpatient and emergency department care might indicate increased awareness and diagnosis of OUD and a better control of the disease among existing patients with private insurance.
{"title":"Trends of per-patient healthcare cost and resource utilization of opioid use disorder among privately insured individuals in the United States from 2005-2014","authors":"B. Jiang, Li Wang, D. Leslie","doi":"10.1101/2020.06.03.20121228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20121228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Little are known about how per-patient healthcare cost and resource utilization of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) have changed over time when governments continue to reduce availability and utilization barrier of OUD treatment. Objectives: Investigate trends of per-patient healthcare cost and utilization of outpatient, inpatient and emergency department services among privately insured individuals with OUD from 2005 to 2014. Methods: The MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database was used to analyze healthcare cost and resource utilization of opioid used disorder from 2005 to 2014. A matched case-control design was employed to estimate the impact of OUD on healthcare cost and service utilization over this period. Main findings: Excess annual per-patient healthcare cost of OUD stayed relatively stable with an average of $14,586 between 2005 and 2014. However, excess outpatient cost increased while excess inpatient cost decreased over time. Among OUD patients, the increase of OUD related outpatient care utilization rate and average number of visits coincided with the decrease of inpatient and ED service utilization rates and average number of ED visits. Conclusions: Among OUD patients, the increasing per-patient utilization of OUD related outpatient care, together with the decline in per-patient utilization of more urgent care including inpatient and emergency department care might indicate increased awareness and diagnosis of OUD and a better control of the disease among existing patients with private insurance.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90231548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Quercetin and its derivatives are the most widely distributed flavonoids, which have many pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory, Quercetin inhibits the occurrence of atherosclerosis (AS) due to its antioxidant activity, but the mechanism is unknown. Results: Our research found that quercetin plays a role in reducing the formation of atherosclerotic plaque by protecting vascular endothelial cell injury. In an atherosclerotic mouse model, quercetin inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and downregulated the level of endothelial cell protein C receptors (EPCR), thrombomodulin (TM), von willabrand factor (vWF) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in peripheral blood of AS mouse, because of increasing the number of vascular endothelial cells at the atherosclerotic plaque. In vitro model of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury by H2O2, we found that quercetin significantly reduced endothelial cell apoptosis, and it can prevent vascular endothelial cell injury by inhibiting the secretion of chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL8) and inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 and IL-12) factors and reducing macrophage infiltration, at the same time, quercetin promotes the secretion of pro-angiogenic chemokines (CXCL4 and CXCL10) from vascular endothelial cells. Real-time PCR and western-blot assay found that the quercetin protects vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting apoptotic signaling pathway proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and inflammatory regulatory pathway proteins (IκBα and p65). Conclusion: Consequently, we concluded that the role of quercetin in the protection of vascular endothelial cells against atherosclerotic plaques may be through the inhibition of vascular endothelial cell apoptosis.
背景:槲皮素及其衍生物是分布最广泛的黄酮类化合物，具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎等多种药理活性，槲皮素因其抗氧化活性而抑制动脉粥样硬化(as)的发生，但其作用机制尚不清楚。结果:我们的研究发现槲皮素通过保护血管内皮细胞损伤来减少动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。在动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型中，槲皮素通过增加动脉粥样硬化斑块处血管内皮细胞的数量，抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成，下调AS小鼠外周血内皮细胞蛋白C受体(EPCR)、血栓调节蛋白(TM)、血管性血管瘤因子(vWF)和细胞间细胞粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)的水平。在H2O2损伤人血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)的体外模型中，我们发现槲皮素可显著减少内皮细胞凋亡，通过抑制趋化因子(CXCL1、CXCL8)和炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-β、IL-6、IL-12)的分泌和减少巨噬细胞的浸润来预防血管内皮细胞损伤，同时槲皮素可促进血管内皮细胞分泌促血管生成趋化因子(CXCL4、CXCL10)。Real-time PCR和western-blot检测发现槲皮素通过抑制凋亡信号通路蛋白(Bax和Bcl-2)和炎症调节通路蛋白(i - κ b α和p65)保护血管内皮细胞。结论:槲皮素对血管内皮细胞抗动脉粥样硬化斑块的保护作用可能是通过抑制血管内皮细胞凋亡来实现的。
{"title":"Quercetin Inhibits the Formation of Atherosclerosis Plaque by Protecting Vascular Endothelial Cells","authors":"Ying Zhang, Fangfang Dou","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Quercetin and its derivatives are the most widely distributed flavonoids, which have many pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory, Quercetin inhibits the occurrence of atherosclerosis (AS) due to its antioxidant activity, but the mechanism is unknown. Results: Our research found that quercetin plays a role in reducing the formation of atherosclerotic plaque by protecting vascular endothelial cell injury. In an atherosclerotic mouse model, quercetin inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and downregulated the level of endothelial cell protein C receptors (EPCR), thrombomodulin (TM), von willabrand factor (vWF) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in peripheral blood of AS mouse, because of increasing the number of vascular endothelial cells at the atherosclerotic plaque. In vitro model of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury by H2O2, we found that quercetin significantly reduced endothelial cell apoptosis, and it can prevent vascular endothelial cell injury by inhibiting the secretion of chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL8) and inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 and IL-12) factors and reducing macrophage infiltration, at the same time, quercetin promotes the secretion of pro-angiogenic chemokines (CXCL4 and CXCL10) from vascular endothelial cells. Real-time PCR and western-blot assay found that the quercetin protects vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting apoptotic signaling pathway proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and inflammatory regulatory pathway proteins (IκBα and p65). Conclusion: Consequently, we concluded that the role of quercetin in the protection of vascular endothelial cells against atherosclerotic plaques may be through the inhibition of vascular endothelial cell apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lycium barbarum L. known as Goji berry is a plant with wide variety of medicinal properties, including anticancer. The present study aimed to explore the cytotoxic effect of Lycium barbarum fruit extract (LBE), and its combination with doxorubicin on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The result of MTT assay showed that the single treatment of doxorubicin performed significant cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The combination of LBE and doxorubicin on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells showed synergistic cytotoxic effect based on the fractional effect analysis (FA) and the calculated combination index (CI). Increasing the anticancer effects on the one hand and preventing the dose-limiting effect, like cardiotoxicity on the other hand, of the anthracycline antibiotics indicate L. barbarum fruits as chemosensitizing and chemoprotective at the same time.
枸杞是一种具有多种药用特性的植物，包括抗癌。本研究旨在探讨枸杞提取物(Lycium barbarum fruit extract, LBE)及其联合阿霉素对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒作用。MTT试验结果显示，阿霉素单次处理对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞株有显著的细胞毒作用。根据分级效应分析(FA)和计算的联合指数(CI)， LBE和阿霉素联合对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞显示协同细胞毒作用。一方面增加了蒽环类抗生素的抗癌作用，另一方面防止了剂量限制作用，如心脏毒性，表明枸杞果同时具有化学增敏和化学保护作用。
{"title":"Synergistic Growth Inhibitory Effects of Lycium barbarum (Goji berry) Extract with Doxorubicin against Human Breast Cancer Cells","authors":"K. Georgiev, Iliya J Slavov, I. Iliev","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Lycium barbarum L. known as Goji berry is a plant with wide variety of medicinal properties, including anticancer. The present study aimed to explore the cytotoxic effect of Lycium barbarum fruit extract (LBE), and its combination with doxorubicin on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The result of MTT assay showed that the single treatment of doxorubicin performed significant cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The combination of LBE and doxorubicin on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells showed synergistic cytotoxic effect based on the fractional effect analysis (FA) and the calculated combination index (CI). Increasing the anticancer effects on the one hand and preventing the dose-limiting effect, like cardiotoxicity on the other hand, of the anthracycline antibiotics indicate L. barbarum fruits as chemosensitizing and chemoprotective at the same time.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Preservative assay in eye drops require the development of a suitable validated method for the assay. Objective: This study was conducted to develop and validate stability indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for assay of benzalonium chloride in betaxolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution. Method: Method was developed validated according to International conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline. Chromatographic condition used was: L10 CN column (250 cm × 4.6 mm × 10 μm); flow rate 2.0 ml per minute; detection wavelength 245 nm; column oven 30°C; mobile phase: (0.1M sodium acetate, acetonitrile) (55:45 v/v) and injection volume 100 μL. Results: The method was found fulfilling the ICH requirement with R2 of 0.9995 for drug, Limit of detection (LOD) of 4.53 μg/ml, and Limit of quantification (LOQ) of 13.75 for benzalkonium chloride. The mean of overall recovery % was found to be 99.96% and the repeatability results was found to be: 99.95% for benzalkonium chloride. The overall intermediate precision results were found to be 100.77%. The method proved to be accurate, precise and specific. Conclusion: The developed method was found to be simple, sensitive and can be used for routine quality control analysis of benzalkonium chloride in betaxolol (0.5%) ophthalmic solutions.
背景:眼药水中的防腐剂检测需要开发一种合适的验证方法。目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定0.5%倍他洛尔眼液中苯扎氯铵含量的方法，并对其稳定性进行验证。方法:根据国际协调会议(ICH)指南制定方法并进行验证。色谱条件:L10 CN柱(250 cm × 4.6 mm × 10 μm);流速2.0 ml / min;检测波长245nm;柱式烘箱30℃;流动相:0.1M醋酸钠-乙腈(55:45 v/v)，进样量100 μL。结果:该方法符合ICH要求，药物的检测限(LOD)为4.53 μg/ml，苯扎氯铵的定量限(LOQ)为13.75。苯扎氯铵的总回收率平均值为99.96%，重复性为99.95%。总体中间精度结果为100.77%。结果表明，该方法准确、精确、专属性强。结论:该方法简便、灵敏，可用于倍他洛尔(0.5%)眼液中苯扎氯铵的常规质量控制分析。
{"title":"Development and Validation of Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Benzalkonium Chloride in Betaxolol (0.5%) Opthalmic Solution","authors":"Liena Alagib H Edress, D. Elhag","doi":"10.26502/JPPR.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/JPPR.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preservative assay in eye drops require the development of a suitable validated method for the assay. Objective: This study was conducted to develop and validate stability indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for assay of benzalonium chloride in betaxolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution. Method: Method was developed validated according to International conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline. Chromatographic condition used was: L10 CN column (250 cm × 4.6 mm × 10 μm); flow rate 2.0 ml per minute; detection wavelength 245 nm; column oven 30°C; mobile phase: (0.1M sodium acetate, acetonitrile) (55:45 v/v) and injection volume 100 μL. Results: The method was found fulfilling the ICH requirement with R2 of 0.9995 for drug, Limit of detection (LOD) of 4.53 μg/ml, and Limit of quantification (LOQ) of 13.75 for benzalkonium chloride. The mean of overall recovery % was found to be 99.96% and the repeatability results was found to be: 99.95% for benzalkonium chloride. The overall intermediate precision results were found to be 100.77%. The method proved to be accurate, precise and specific. Conclusion: The developed method was found to be simple, sensitive and can be used for routine quality control analysis of benzalkonium chloride in betaxolol (0.5%) ophthalmic solutions.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rigorous peer-review is the main part in building the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing. The editorial team greatly appreciates the authors, reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2017, a total of 4 articles and in 2018 a total of 10 articles were published in the journal with a median time to first decision of 15 days and a median time to publication of 20 days. The editorial office would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following authors, reviewers and editors for their cooperation and dedication in 2017 and 2018:
{"title":"Acknowledgement to Authors, Reviewers and Editors of Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research in 2017 and 2018.","authors":"Smith ,, M. ,","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Rigorous peer-review is the main part in building the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing. The editorial team greatly appreciates the authors, reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2017, a total of 4 articles and in 2018 a total of 10 articles were published in the journal with a median time to first decision of 15 days and a median time to publication of 20 days. The editorial office would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following authors, reviewers and editors for their cooperation and dedication in 2017 and 2018:","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Tarsin, Nabila A. Hshad, Ishraq Elshamli, Fathi Mohamed Sherif
Bronchial asthma is a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system. Aerosol inhalation as a route of drug delivery has become well-known in therapy of asthma. This study was designed to evaluate if the use of 2Tone helps patients maintain the correct inhalation technique after training and can improve the clinical benefit. 125 Libyan adult asthmatic patients were recruited. At the first clinical visit; 38, 44 and 43 patients were included as C, VT and 2T groups, respectively. Their inhalation flow rate through an MDI was measured using an In-Check Dial. Patients in 2T group were trained on how to use the 2Tone Trainer according to its PIL and practiced inhaling through this training aid to familiarize themselves with the different sounds according to the inhalation rates. At the second clinic visit for all the patients was held six weeks later, each patient was assessed in the same manner as on the first visit. Results show no significant difference in the change of FEV1 and PEFR between all the groups. Lung function measurements, percent predicted FEV1 and PEFR showed significant low correlation with all AQLQ domains, except for AQLQ environment which found no correlation with lung function measurement. Significant correlations between percent predicted FEV1 and PEFR with all AQLQ domains. Patients in the 2T group showed reduced IFR of about double that in VT group, whereas in the C group, there was no difference in IFR. Comparison of IFR between VT vs. 2T groups at visit one showed no statistical significant difference. However, at visit two, comparison between all the groups showed a highly significant difference. Thus, this study shows that 100% and 29% of the patients in the C and VT groups were inhaling at a high IFR while the 2T group shows only one patient (3%) was inhaling at the high flow rate while the rest of the patients managed to obtain the optimum IFR needed for the MDIs. Thus, the present findings show the importance of the use of the 2T device to train the patients to slow their IFR.
{"title":"A Clinical Benefit of Training Asthmatic Patients on How to Use Metered Dose Inhalers by using the 2Tone Trainer In Libya","authors":"W. Tarsin, Nabila A. Hshad, Ishraq Elshamli, Fathi Mohamed Sherif","doi":"10.26502/JPPR.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/JPPR.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchial asthma is a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system. Aerosol inhalation as a route of drug delivery has become well-known in therapy of asthma. This study was designed to evaluate if the use of 2Tone helps patients maintain the correct inhalation technique after training and can improve the clinical benefit. 125 Libyan adult asthmatic patients were recruited. At the first clinical visit; 38, 44 and 43 patients were included as C, VT and 2T groups, respectively. Their inhalation flow rate through an MDI was measured using an In-Check Dial. Patients in 2T group were trained on how to use the 2Tone Trainer according to its PIL and practiced inhaling through this training aid to familiarize themselves with the different sounds according to the inhalation rates. At the second clinic visit for all the patients was held six weeks later, each patient was assessed in the same manner as on the first visit. Results show no significant difference in the change of FEV1 and PEFR between all the groups. Lung function measurements, percent predicted FEV1 and PEFR showed significant low correlation with all AQLQ domains, except for AQLQ environment which found no correlation with lung function measurement. Significant correlations between percent predicted FEV1 and PEFR with all AQLQ domains. Patients in the 2T group showed reduced IFR of about double that in VT group, whereas in the C group, there was no difference in IFR. Comparison of IFR between VT vs. 2T groups at visit one showed no statistical significant difference. However, at visit two, comparison between all the groups showed a highly significant difference. Thus, this study shows that 100% and 29% of the patients in the C and VT groups were inhaling at a high IFR while the 2T group shows only one patient (3%) was inhaling at the high flow rate while the rest of the patients managed to obtain the optimum IFR needed for the MDIs. Thus, the present findings show the importance of the use of the 2T device to train the patients to slow their IFR.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zaineb Ben Barka, K. Lahbib, C. Aouadhi, Mohamed H. Ladjimi, Hanène Ben Miled, K. Rhouma, M. Sakly, A. Maaroufi, Y. Schneider, O. Tebourbi
Background: Rhus tripartita (Anacardiacae) is a plant which is traditionally used for the treatment of ulcer and diarrhea in Tunisia. The core aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Rhus tripartita (leaf (RLE), stem (RSE) and root (RRE)) extracts. Results: RLE extract exhibited high total phenolic, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the tested extracts (RLE, RSE and RRE) showed significant potent total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferrous ions chelating and ferric reducing ions activities, H2O2 and OH scavenging capacities. The extracts showed great antimicrobial effects with an important inhibition zones (IZs). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were recorded. The RRE showed the most significant protective anti-inflammatory effects compared to Indomethacin in carrageenan inflammation paw edema test. Conclusion: This work highlights the importance of Rhus tripartita as dietary source of natural antioxidants and might be appropriate for the development of reliable biotechnologic methods to identify and extract the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory biomolecules.
{"title":"Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Edible Rhus Tripartita (Ucria) Hydromethanolic Extracts","authors":"Zaineb Ben Barka, K. Lahbib, C. Aouadhi, Mohamed H. Ladjimi, Hanène Ben Miled, K. Rhouma, M. Sakly, A. Maaroufi, Y. Schneider, O. Tebourbi","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rhus tripartita (Anacardiacae) is a plant which is traditionally used for the treatment of ulcer and diarrhea in Tunisia. The core aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Rhus tripartita (leaf (RLE), stem (RSE) and root (RRE)) extracts. Results: RLE extract exhibited high total phenolic, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the tested extracts (RLE, RSE and RRE) showed significant potent total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferrous ions chelating and ferric reducing ions activities, H2O2 and OH scavenging capacities. The extracts showed great antimicrobial effects with an important inhibition zones (IZs). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were recorded. The RRE showed the most significant protective anti-inflammatory effects compared to Indomethacin in carrageenan inflammation paw edema test. Conclusion: This work highlights the importance of Rhus tripartita as dietary source of natural antioxidants and might be appropriate for the development of reliable biotechnologic methods to identify and extract the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory biomolecules.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esubi Ju, Olojede So, Lawal Sk, Medubi Lj, Adekoya Aj, Dauda Ff, Olus Ap, A. Osinubi
Introduction: A relatively decreased insulin secretion and impaired response of the body to insulin are the common attributes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The oral hypoglycemic agents are less invasive, improve patients’ compliance, which can be effective in maintaining the blood sugar level during pregnancy. Aim: The overall aim of this research was to ascertain the comparative evaluation of the glimepiride and glipizide on the kidney and some maternal parameters of pregnant streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Thirty-five (35) female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 120-160 g were divided into 5 groups. Groups 2-5 were induced with diabetes mellitus by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Group 1: (Control given distilled water), Group 2: (Diabetic treated with Glimepiride), Group 3: (Diabetic treated with Insulin), Group 4: (Diabetic treated with Glipizide), Group 5: (Diabetic given citrate buffer). Results: Glimepiride and Glipizide treated groups showed statistically significant (p=0.05) improvement in oxidative stress markers, blood glucose level, body weight, hematological parameters and lipid profile when compared with diabetic and insulin groups. There was statistically significant (p=0.05) improvement on the oxidative stress marker, body weight and the restorative effect on renal histology in the group treated glimepiride when compared with glipizide and diabetic groups. Conclusion: This work has demonstrated that the two oral hypoglycaemic agents were effective in controlling glucose intolerance during pregnancy, renal oxidative stress as well as cytoarchitectonic properties of the kidney comparable with insulin. Therefore, because of its ameliorative and restorative effects on renal oxidative stress and micro-architectonic properties of the kidney, glimepiride could be tempting alternative drug of choice for adequate control of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
{"title":"Comparative Studies on Safety of Glimepiride and Glipizide on Renal Microarchitecture and Oxidative Stress Markers of Pregnant Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"Esubi Ju, Olojede So, Lawal Sk, Medubi Lj, Adekoya Aj, Dauda Ff, Olus Ap, A. Osinubi","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A relatively decreased insulin secretion and impaired response of the body to insulin are the common attributes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The oral hypoglycemic agents are less invasive, improve patients’ compliance, which can be effective in maintaining the blood sugar level during pregnancy. Aim: The overall aim of this research was to ascertain the comparative evaluation of the glimepiride and glipizide on the kidney and some maternal parameters of pregnant streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Thirty-five (35) female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 120-160 g were divided into 5 groups. Groups 2-5 were induced with diabetes mellitus by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Group 1: (Control given distilled water), Group 2: (Diabetic treated with Glimepiride), Group 3: (Diabetic treated with Insulin), Group 4: (Diabetic treated with Glipizide), Group 5: (Diabetic given citrate buffer). Results: Glimepiride and Glipizide treated groups showed statistically significant (p=0.05) improvement in oxidative stress markers, blood glucose level, body weight, hematological parameters and lipid profile when compared with diabetic and insulin groups. There was statistically significant (p=0.05) improvement on the oxidative stress marker, body weight and the restorative effect on renal histology in the group treated glimepiride when compared with glipizide and diabetic groups. Conclusion: This work has demonstrated that the two oral hypoglycaemic agents were effective in controlling glucose intolerance during pregnancy, renal oxidative stress as well as cytoarchitectonic properties of the kidney comparable with insulin. Therefore, because of its ameliorative and restorative effects on renal oxidative stress and micro-architectonic properties of the kidney, glimepiride could be tempting alternative drug of choice for adequate control of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statins, competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, are known to possess properties beyond their cholesterol-lowering effect including anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and anti-immunomodulatory effects. We examined the effect of simvastatin on extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly by human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) in vitro. Using collagen gel contraction (CGC) assay we showed that simvastatin inhibits contraction of type I collagen-rich gels in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of simvastatin could be overcome by co-incubating the cells with mevalonate. Actin staining revealed that inhibition of CGC by simvastatin is associated with diminished ability of the cells to form aggregates. Using whole human genome Illumina microarray we sought to search for new candidate genes whose expression is regulated by simvastatin during CGC and focused specifically on the genes related to ECM synthesis and remodeling. We found that simvastatin profoundly downregulated gene expression of 27 ECM molecules including proteoglycans decorin and versican, both of which are known to be essential constituents of proper ECM. Expression of these two molecules was further verified by Northern blot analysis. Finally, when simvastatin treated HSFs were activated with TGF-β1, the cell-mediated contraction of collagen gel was restored. Our results indicate that simvastatin markedly alters ECM assembly in vitro possessing an antifibrotic activity.
{"title":"Simvastatin Modulates Extracellular Matrix Assembly by Displaying an Antifibrotic Activity in Vitro","authors":"Annele Sainio, A. Laiho, H. Järveläinen","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Statins, competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, are known to possess properties beyond their cholesterol-lowering effect including anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and anti-immunomodulatory effects. We examined the effect of simvastatin on extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly by human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) in vitro. Using collagen gel contraction (CGC) assay we showed that simvastatin inhibits contraction of type I collagen-rich gels in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of simvastatin could be overcome by co-incubating the cells with mevalonate. Actin staining revealed that inhibition of CGC by simvastatin is associated with diminished ability of the cells to form aggregates. Using whole human genome Illumina microarray we sought to search for new candidate genes whose expression is regulated by simvastatin during CGC and focused specifically on the genes related to ECM synthesis and remodeling. We found that simvastatin profoundly downregulated gene expression of 27 ECM molecules including proteoglycans decorin and versican, both of which are known to be essential constituents of proper ECM. Expression of these two molecules was further verified by Northern blot analysis. Finally, when simvastatin treated HSFs were activated with TGF-β1, the cell-mediated contraction of collagen gel was restored. Our results indicate that simvastatin markedly alters ECM assembly in vitro possessing an antifibrotic activity.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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