Esubi Ju, Olojede So, Lawal Sk, Medubi Lj, Adekoya Aj, Dauda Ff, Olus Ap, A. Osinubi
Introduction: A relatively decreased insulin secretion and impaired response of the body to insulin are the common attributes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The oral hypoglycemic agents are less invasive, improve patients’ compliance, which can be effective in maintaining the blood sugar level during pregnancy. Aim: The overall aim of this research was to ascertain the comparative evaluation of the glimepiride and glipizide on the kidney and some maternal parameters of pregnant streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Thirty-five (35) female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 120-160 g were divided into 5 groups. Groups 2-5 were induced with diabetes mellitus by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Group 1: (Control given distilled water), Group 2: (Diabetic treated with Glimepiride), Group 3: (Diabetic treated with Insulin), Group 4: (Diabetic treated with Glipizide), Group 5: (Diabetic given citrate buffer). Results: Glimepiride and Glipizide treated groups showed statistically significant (p=0.05) improvement in oxidative stress markers, blood glucose level, body weight, hematological parameters and lipid profile when compared with diabetic and insulin groups. There was statistically significant (p=0.05) improvement on the oxidative stress marker, body weight and the restorative effect on renal histology in the group treated glimepiride when compared with glipizide and diabetic groups. Conclusion: This work has demonstrated that the two oral hypoglycaemic agents were effective in controlling glucose intolerance during pregnancy, renal oxidative stress as well as cytoarchitectonic properties of the kidney comparable with insulin. Therefore, because of its ameliorative and restorative effects on renal oxidative stress and micro-architectonic properties of the kidney, glimepiride could be tempting alternative drug of choice for adequate control of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
{"title":"Comparative Studies on Safety of Glimepiride and Glipizide on Renal Microarchitecture and Oxidative Stress Markers of Pregnant Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"Esubi Ju, Olojede So, Lawal Sk, Medubi Lj, Adekoya Aj, Dauda Ff, Olus Ap, A. Osinubi","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A relatively decreased insulin secretion and impaired response of the body to insulin are the common attributes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The oral hypoglycemic agents are less invasive, improve patients’ compliance, which can be effective in maintaining the blood sugar level during pregnancy. Aim: The overall aim of this research was to ascertain the comparative evaluation of the glimepiride and glipizide on the kidney and some maternal parameters of pregnant streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Thirty-five (35) female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 120-160 g were divided into 5 groups. Groups 2-5 were induced with diabetes mellitus by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Group 1: (Control given distilled water), Group 2: (Diabetic treated with Glimepiride), Group 3: (Diabetic treated with Insulin), Group 4: (Diabetic treated with Glipizide), Group 5: (Diabetic given citrate buffer). Results: Glimepiride and Glipizide treated groups showed statistically significant (p=0.05) improvement in oxidative stress markers, blood glucose level, body weight, hematological parameters and lipid profile when compared with diabetic and insulin groups. There was statistically significant (p=0.05) improvement on the oxidative stress marker, body weight and the restorative effect on renal histology in the group treated glimepiride when compared with glipizide and diabetic groups. Conclusion: This work has demonstrated that the two oral hypoglycaemic agents were effective in controlling glucose intolerance during pregnancy, renal oxidative stress as well as cytoarchitectonic properties of the kidney comparable with insulin. Therefore, because of its ameliorative and restorative effects on renal oxidative stress and micro-architectonic properties of the kidney, glimepiride could be tempting alternative drug of choice for adequate control of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statins, competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, are known to possess properties beyond their cholesterol-lowering effect including anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and anti-immunomodulatory effects. We examined the effect of simvastatin on extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly by human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) in vitro. Using collagen gel contraction (CGC) assay we showed that simvastatin inhibits contraction of type I collagen-rich gels in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of simvastatin could be overcome by co-incubating the cells with mevalonate. Actin staining revealed that inhibition of CGC by simvastatin is associated with diminished ability of the cells to form aggregates. Using whole human genome Illumina microarray we sought to search for new candidate genes whose expression is regulated by simvastatin during CGC and focused specifically on the genes related to ECM synthesis and remodeling. We found that simvastatin profoundly downregulated gene expression of 27 ECM molecules including proteoglycans decorin and versican, both of which are known to be essential constituents of proper ECM. Expression of these two molecules was further verified by Northern blot analysis. Finally, when simvastatin treated HSFs were activated with TGF-β1, the cell-mediated contraction of collagen gel was restored. Our results indicate that simvastatin markedly alters ECM assembly in vitro possessing an antifibrotic activity.
{"title":"Simvastatin Modulates Extracellular Matrix Assembly by Displaying an Antifibrotic Activity in Vitro","authors":"Annele Sainio, A. Laiho, H. Järveläinen","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Statins, competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, are known to possess properties beyond their cholesterol-lowering effect including anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and anti-immunomodulatory effects. We examined the effect of simvastatin on extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly by human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) in vitro. Using collagen gel contraction (CGC) assay we showed that simvastatin inhibits contraction of type I collagen-rich gels in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of simvastatin could be overcome by co-incubating the cells with mevalonate. Actin staining revealed that inhibition of CGC by simvastatin is associated with diminished ability of the cells to form aggregates. Using whole human genome Illumina microarray we sought to search for new candidate genes whose expression is regulated by simvastatin during CGC and focused specifically on the genes related to ECM synthesis and remodeling. We found that simvastatin profoundly downregulated gene expression of 27 ECM molecules including proteoglycans decorin and versican, both of which are known to be essential constituents of proper ECM. Expression of these two molecules was further verified by Northern blot analysis. Finally, when simvastatin treated HSFs were activated with TGF-β1, the cell-mediated contraction of collagen gel was restored. Our results indicate that simvastatin markedly alters ECM assembly in vitro possessing an antifibrotic activity.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Manirakiza, Victoria Nambasa, S. Nanyonga, Allan Serwanga, M. Alphonsus, Nankola Denis, H. Ndagije
Introduction: Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin recommended as first line treatment option for a number of diseases in Uganda. However, the National Drug Authority has in the recent past received complaints of suspected treatment failure from clinicians who use different brands of ceftriaxone in Uganda. The main aim of the study was to document the treatment outcome following use of ceftriaxone and evaluating the use of ceftriaxone against the current treatment guidelines in Uganda. Methods: A descriptive observational, non-intervention study design to document treatment outcomes after administration of Ceftriaxone injection in hospitalized patients was undertaken in Mubende. A total of 100 hospitalized patients treated with ceftriaxone were enrolled. Results: Overall, Ceftriaxone was used to treat pneumonia in the paediatric ward, presumptive therapy for infection following caesarean section (n=47) and PID in the post-natal ward, while on surgical and medical wards, Ceftriaxone was used to manage upper respiratory infection, bacterial infections and meningitis. There were no Adverse Events reported to have occurred during treatment with ceftriaxone. Of the patients treated with ceftriaxone 18% completed their doses and had regular administration. Majority 60% of the patients had irregular administration with completed doses and 22% did not complete their doses. Conclusion: There is low treatment outcome during use of Ceftriaxone and the empirically treatment is highly prevalent in the hospital. There is high number of inappropriate drug administration, in which patients usually miss doses or do not complete as prescribed. This practice has an effect of affecting the patient outcomes and aggravating antimicrobial resistance. Choice of ceftriaxone use is not guided by culture and sensitivity due to lack of inadequate laboratory infrastructure.
{"title":"Drug Use Evaluation (DUE) of Ceftriaxone in Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"L. Manirakiza, Victoria Nambasa, S. Nanyonga, Allan Serwanga, M. Alphonsus, Nankola Denis, H. Ndagije","doi":"10.26502/jppr.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppr.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin recommended as first line treatment option for a number of diseases in Uganda. However, the National Drug Authority has in the recent past received complaints of suspected treatment failure from clinicians who use different brands of ceftriaxone in Uganda. The main aim of the study was to document the treatment outcome following use of ceftriaxone and evaluating the use of ceftriaxone against the current treatment guidelines in Uganda. Methods: A descriptive observational, non-intervention study design to document treatment outcomes after administration of Ceftriaxone injection in hospitalized patients was undertaken in Mubende. A total of 100 hospitalized patients treated with ceftriaxone were enrolled. Results: Overall, Ceftriaxone was used to treat pneumonia in the paediatric ward, presumptive therapy for infection following caesarean section (n=47) and PID in the post-natal ward, while on surgical and medical wards, Ceftriaxone was used to manage upper respiratory infection, bacterial infections and meningitis. There were no Adverse Events reported to have occurred during treatment with ceftriaxone. Of the patients treated with ceftriaxone 18% completed their doses and had regular administration. Majority 60% of the patients had irregular administration with completed doses and 22% did not complete their doses. Conclusion: There is low treatment outcome during use of Ceftriaxone and the empirically treatment is highly prevalent in the hospital. There is high number of inappropriate drug administration, in which patients usually miss doses or do not complete as prescribed. This practice has an effect of affecting the patient outcomes and aggravating antimicrobial resistance. Choice of ceftriaxone use is not guided by culture and sensitivity due to lack of inadequate laboratory infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gažová, M. Kolesárová, M. Orinak, D. Kolesár, J. Kyselovič
Objective: Pain is a part of every human life and typically, example is a chronic pain in tumour diseases. In therapy of the chronic cancer pain, opioid analgesics have irreplaceable role. Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2015 to March 2015 using the prescriptions of strong opioid analgesics accepted by pharmacy VITAE. Prescriptions of strong analgesics were written in the Oncology Institute in Kosice to adult patients. Opioid prescriptions for all patients in analyses had cancer medical diagnosis. Characterization of patients, diagnosis of cancer type, characterization of prescribed opioids analgesics – generic name and rug forms of prescribed medicament were analyzed in retrospective analyses of the prescriptions. Results: In total, there were 332 prescriptions (100 % of cancer) of strong opioids for 151 (54% male; 46% female) patients treated in the East-Slovak Oncology Institute in Kosice, Slovakia, during the study period. The youngest patient - woman was 27 and the oldest patient - woman was 88. The most frequent cancer diagnosis were the carcinoma of respiratory and thorax organs (male) and the carcinoma of breast (female). The number of package of strong opioids was 543 (fentanyl (44%), buprenorphine (26%), oxycodone (12%), tapentanol (10%), morphine (7%) and hydromorphone (1%)). Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated, that despite the fact that morphine is still considered as a gold standard in the oncologic pain therapy, other opioids are more frequently prescribed as fentanyl, buprenorphine, oxycodone or new molecule tapentadol. All substances were prescribed for intense pain emerged from different type of advanced tumour diseases.
{"title":"Prescriptions of Strong Opioid Analgesics in Primary Care (Pharmacy Care)","authors":"A. Gažová, M. Kolesárová, M. Orinak, D. Kolesár, J. Kyselovič","doi":"10.26502/JPPR.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/JPPR.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Pain is a part of every human life and typically, example is a chronic pain in tumour diseases. In therapy of the chronic cancer pain, opioid analgesics have irreplaceable role. Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2015 to March 2015 using the prescriptions of strong opioid analgesics accepted by pharmacy VITAE. Prescriptions of strong analgesics were written in the Oncology Institute in Kosice to adult patients. Opioid prescriptions for all patients in analyses had cancer medical diagnosis. Characterization of patients, diagnosis of cancer type, characterization of prescribed opioids analgesics – generic name and rug forms of prescribed medicament were analyzed in retrospective analyses of the prescriptions. Results: In total, there were 332 prescriptions (100 % of cancer) of strong opioids for 151 (54% male; 46% female) patients treated in the East-Slovak Oncology Institute in Kosice, Slovakia, during the study period. The youngest patient - woman was 27 and the oldest patient - woman was 88. The most frequent cancer diagnosis were the carcinoma of respiratory and thorax organs (male) and the carcinoma of breast (female). The number of package of strong opioids was 543 (fentanyl (44%), buprenorphine (26%), oxycodone (12%), tapentanol (10%), morphine (7%) and hydromorphone (1%)). Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated, that despite the fact that morphine is still considered as a gold standard in the oncologic pain therapy, other opioids are more frequently prescribed as fentanyl, buprenorphine, oxycodone or new molecule tapentadol. All substances were prescribed for intense pain emerged from different type of advanced tumour diseases.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69351326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular interaction of pharmaceutical residual solvents mixture (2-Butanol with m-Xylene) were studied through deep investigation on thermodynamic properties (Enthalpy, Entropy, Free energy) over the entire range of composition at temperature of 298.15 K to 323.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Results are interpreted and reported in the light of solvation process which is referred to as the transition of molecules from their own environment. Next, the excess thermodynamic properties were calculated, and these excess properties were fitted by the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. The calculated excess properties are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between 2-Butanol and m-Xylene.
在298.15 K ~ 323.15 K和常压条件下，对药物残留溶剂(2-丁醇-间二甲苯)混合物在整个组成范围内的热力学性质(焓、熵、自由能)进行了深入研究。结果被解释和报告在溶剂化过程，这是指分子从自己的环境过渡。其次，计算了多余的热力学性质，并用Redlich-Kister多项式方程拟合了多余的热力学性质。从2-丁醇与间二甲苯分子相互作用的角度讨论了计算得到的过量性质。
{"title":"Binary Mixture of Pharmaceutical Residual Solvents and Their Thermodynamic Investigation","authors":"M. Rahman, M. Habibullah","doi":"10.26502/fjppr.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjppr.052","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular interaction of pharmaceutical residual solvents mixture (2-Butanol with m-Xylene) were studied through deep investigation on thermodynamic properties (Enthalpy, Entropy, Free energy) over the entire range of composition at temperature of 298.15 K to 323.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Results are interpreted and reported in the light of solvation process which is referred to as the transition of molecules from their own environment. Next, the excess thermodynamic properties were calculated, and these excess properties were fitted by the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. The calculated excess properties are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between 2-Butanol and m-Xylene.","PeriodicalId":73897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69347382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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