Journal of prevention (2022)最新文献

Although empirical evidence supports the effectiveness of the Incredible Years intervention in Western countries, few studies have investigated its effectiveness in Asian countries and no study has evaluated the implementation process of the program in Iran. The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of the Incredible Years Basic Parent Training (IYPT BASIC) with mothers of children with behavioral and emotional problems. For this purpose, mothers of 77 preschool children with behavioral and emotional problems were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 39) and control (n = 38) groups. The intervention group underwent 15 IYPT BASIC intervention sessions. RCT data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. A process evaluation was conducted exploring the delivery of the intervention in the Iranian context using adherence data, questionnaires with parents, and staff interviews to evaluate implementation challenges. Interview data were analyzed thematically. The program reduced children's behavioral and emotional problems (η²_p = .45, p = .000 & η²_p = .50, p = .000) and enhanced children's social skills (η²_p = .08, p = .015). The study also demonstrated reductions in parenting stress of mothers (η²_p = .59, p = .000), improved parent-child relationships (η²_p = .80, p = .000), and enhanced quality of family life (η²_p = .48, p = .000). Two main themes emerged in relation to the intervention process: cultural challenges and implementation challenges. Sub-themes included compatibility of IYPT elements with traditional Iranian parenting, cultural gap, motives and expectations of mothers, strict rules and cultural sensitivities, lack of financial support, fidelity to protocol, and preservation and maintenance. IYPT can be used as an effective intervention to promote the mental health of Iranian children and mothers. The implementation challenges and recommendations are discussed.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as the leading cause of mortality worldwide, impose substantial health-related costs. Lifestyle modification through education and counseling is a key strategy in CVD management. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a nurse-led intervention on CVDs-related health costs and lifestyle habits among Chinese adults with CVDs. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among adults with CVDs assigned to either an intervention or control group. The intervention consisted of bi-monthly sessions over a six-month period, conducted in a hospital setting by trained registered nurses. Outcomes included CVD-related health costs and lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and diet), measured at baseline, post-intervention, and six-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare adjusted outcomes between groups, controlling for baseline values, age, gender, and BMI. The intervention group showed a higher proportion of non-smokers (from 65.2 to 74.1%) and participants with healthy diets (from 14.8 to 27.4%). At post-intervention, they had significantly fewer cigarettes smoked (9.6 ± 0.27, 95% CI: 9.07, 10.13 in intervention group vs. 11.1 ± 0.31, 95% CI: 10.49, 11.71 in control group; p = 0.024, η² = 0.020) and higher physical activity levels (264.4 ± 5.7, 95% CI: 253.23, 275.57 in intervention group vs. 229.2 ± 6.2, 95% CI: 217.05, 241.35 in control group; p = 0.032, η² = 0.018). At follow-up, they also showed significantly lower adjusted CVD-related health costs (17.2 ± 0.41, 95% CI: 16.4, 18.0 in intervention group vs. 20.7 ± 0.46, 95% CI: 19.8, 21.6 in control group; p = 0.029, η² = 0.018), sustained reductions in cigarette use (9.5 ± 0.26, 95% CI: 8.99, 10.01 in intervention group vs. 11.2 ± 0.32, 95% CI: 10.57, 11.83 in control group; p = 0.013, η² = 0.024), and increased physical activity (260.1 ± 5.4, 95% CI: 249.52, 270.68 in intervention group vs. 229.1 ± 6.4, 95% CI: 216.56, 241.64 in control group; p = 0.016, η² = 0.021). The nurse-led intervention may help promote lifestyle improvements and contribute to reductions in CVD-related health costs.

The "Communities That Care Youth Survey" (CTC-YS) emerges from the Social Development Model and provides a comprehensive assessment of risks and protective factors in community, family, school, as well as individual and peer group domains. This has contributed to the prevention of drug use and other associated factors. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factorial structure of the CTC-YS in Colombian adolescents. A total of 2,963 volunteers between 12 and 19 years participated (mean = 14.25, SD = 1.53; 53% female). Construct validity was assessed through a confirmatory factor analysis of domains. Goodness-of-fit indices were found to be adequate for risk and protective factors in the community and school domains as well as for protective factors in the family and individual and peer group domains. However, the family, individual, and peer group domains did not reach the optimal indices for risk factors, prompting recommendations for potential improvements. Overall, the results support the reliability and construct validity of the survey domains, advocating its utilization in researching and assessing risk and protective factors among Colombian adolescents. The need for additional psychometric analyses was discussed to enhance the validity and applicability of the CTC-YS in the Colombian context.

Brazil has experienced a significant increase in climate emergencies and environmental disasters. Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southern state of the country, shows an annual rise in climate, hydrological, and meteorological disasters, underscoring its vulnerability to extreme events and the urgent need for proactive mitigation and adaptation strategies. Despite this growing concern, the literature has provided limited focus on the specific public health demands arising from these disasters, particularly regarding prevention. This debate article highlights the short-, medium-, and long-term health needs following the recent floods in RS, integrating disaster prevention science to enhance preventive actions. Floods have profound mental health and behavioral consequences, including increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, particularly among displaced individuals and first responders. This analysis uses the RS case to illustrate a multi-tiered prevention approach-spanning primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary measures-while presenting a model that could be adapted to similar vulnerable regions worldwide. By emphasizing early detection, strategic resource allocation, and evidence-based interventions, the findings highlight the importance of structured responses in minimizing health risks, bolstering community resilience, and preventing health deterioration in climate-vulnerable regions.

Females who are involved with the juvenile justice system as adolescents are at risk for heavy alcohol use, which is associated with an increased risk of recidivism and negative health outcomes. Alcohol use peaks during emerging adulthood and intimate partners play an increasingly important role in decision making during this developmental period. Using data from a longitudinal study of females who were involved in the juvenile justice system as adolescents (n = 80), we investigated whether intimate partner encouragement of alcohol use is associated with higher rates of alcohol use frequency among this population as they enter emerging adulthood. Participants reported on their partners' encouragement of their alcohol use at an in-person study visit when they were emerging adults, and then reported on their own alcohol use approximately six months later. A negative binomial regression was fit to the data and estimated that for each standard deviation increase in reported intimate partner encouragement of alcohol use, participants' rate of alcohol consumption increased by 109% six months later. These findings indicate that intimate partner encouragement of alcohol use may be a risk factor for heavy drinking among emerging adult females with a history of chronic and severe delinquency. These findings have implications for prevention, as they indicate a need to measure intimate partner encouragement of alcohol use in studies that involve high-risk emerging adult females and may suggest that intimate partners should be included in interventions intended to reduce heavy alcohol use.

Theatre Testing, a method extensively employed in marketing research and advertising, involves presenting materials to an audience in a controlled setting to gather feedback and insights. While the application of Theatre Testing in marketing and advertising is long-standing, its increasing application in prevention science raises several critical questions. This article describes the Theatre Testing process, debates the merits and drawbacks of the method, and exemplifies the pros and cons by discussing the method in relation to gender-based violence prevention within the Swedish 'open preschool' context. Advocates of Theatre Testing argue that simulating interventions before actual implementation offers valuable insights into participant responses, which can enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of these interventions. However, the controlled setting of Theatre Testing may not accurately reflect real-world conditions, leading to potentially misleading conclusions about the intervention. One promising development in addressing certain limitations, such as reaching the target group, is the introduction of social media-based Theatre Testing.

The deterioration in health and functionality in older ages, in addition to biological changes, is affected by physical changes. Therefore, early retirement may become an inevitable choice. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between limitations in daily living activities, mobility, and other health factors with early retirement in workers aged 50-67 in the 4th wave of the SHARE study in Europe. In this prospective cohort study, the working status was examined in 4 waves. The frequency of early retirement was 16.1%; it was higher in male and low-educated people. Those with poor self-perceived health and those with more chronic diseases retired earlier. The frequency of early retirement was 16.0% for those who had no difficulty in basic daily living activities, 22.4% for those who had difficulties (p 0.019), and those who had limitations retired earlier (RR 1.50). Early retirement was higher in those with two or more chronic diseases compared to those without (RR 1.26) and was higher in those who consumed alcohol 5 days a week than those who didn't (RR 1.34). A 1-unit increase in BMI increased the risk by 1.02 times. It has been clearly revealed how important basic activities are for early retirement. This new finding is a gain for the literature and will provide new insights intervention studies. Those who had difficulty in instrumental activities and mobility retired early more often, but this wasn't statistically significant. Our findings will contribute to increasing workplace protective approaches, and maintaining a healthy working force for years.

Globorisk is a country-specific risk prediction model that estimates 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aims to evaluate the agreement between different versions of Globorisk and their ability to predict CVD in a nationwide Turkish cohort. Baseline data from 5449 participants aged 40-74 were obtained from Türkiye Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Survey 2011. Office- and laboratory-based Globorisk risk scores were calculated using age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), current smoking status, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and total cholesterol levels. Correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were employed to assess the agreement between 10-year risk scores. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated with Globorisk variables to predict the presence of CVD over a 6-year follow-up period. Model calibration was performed. The study identified 515 incident CVD cases during the 6-year follow-up period. There was a strong positive correlation between 10-year Globorisk versions (r = 0.89). The limit of the agreement was narrower in males (- 6.11 to 6.89%) compared to females (- 7.01 to 7.73%). Age and systolic blood pressure were associated with 6-year CVD in both office- and laboratory-based models. The models showed similar discriminative performance (AUC: 0.68) and predictive accuracy (mean absolute error: 0.009) for 6-year CVD. Both Globorisk models were strongly correlated, had similar discrimination power and predictive accuracy. The office-based Globorisk can be used instead of the laboratory-based model, especially where resources are limited.

This study aimed to analyze the causes of school accidents and examine the preliminary findings of a nurse-led, drama-based accident prevention program for children. This was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest approach with a single group. Data were collected using demographic information, school accident notification form, and Information and Behavior Scales for the Safety Measures of the Students. A total of 407 students formed the sample. A drama-supported education program designed to prevent accidents, developed by nurses working in school health, was implemented based on the most common school accidents. The nurses were actively involved in every program stage, including designing the content, guiding participants, and monitoring progress throughout the intervention. The mean age of the students was 11.2 ± 1.4; 51.8% were girls, and 50.3% were at the primary school. The students' average knowledge scale pretest score was 102.15 ± 21.4736; the behavior scale pretest score was 78.22 ± 11,228; the mean knowledge scale posttest score was 174.75 ± 9.34, behavior scale posttest mean score was 109.62 ± 14.56. This study highlights the crucial role of school nurses in accident prevention and health promotion among students. Based on preliminary findings, drama-based educational programs may improve knowledge and safety behaviors in the school environment.