Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770231197350
Lisa Sontag-Padilla, Feifei Ye, Regina Firpo-Triplett, Brittany Lucas, Amanda Meyer, Serafina Lanna, Elie Ohana, Matthew Chinman
Well-trained facilitators are critical for prevention programs. However, in-person facilitator training can be expensive and inconvenient. To make facilitator training affordable and accessible, we tested a prototype of online simulator-based training for Making Proud Choices! (MPC) facilitators using a mixed-method approach of survey assessments and observations of teaching. MPC is a leading evidence-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted infection (STI), and teen pregnancy risk-reduction program. A convenience sample of 53 adults was randomly assigned to receive facilitator training on one MPC activity either via an online simulation or via in-person. Participants completed pre–post-surveys and role-played the activity to demonstrate both fidelity and quality of instruction post-training. Pre–post-survey findings demonstrated that the online simulation group was no different compared to the in-person group for improvement in creating a safe and inclusive environment and for engagement of students. This was not the case for knowledge of the curriculum and steps of proper condom use, self-efficacy, and self-reported handling of some sensitive questions and student whispering. However, we did find comparable pre–post-change between the two groups on these measures. Role-play observation results showed that the online simulation group was no different, and in many cases better, than the in-person group on fidelity and quality indicators. Participants reported high levels of acceptability, likability, and applicability to teach youth about sexual health and safety using the prototype. Findings suggest online simulation training can replicate the learning experience from in-person methods, which, in turn, increases access to effective educator training.
{"title":"Testing a Proof of Concept of an Online Simulator-Based Training for Facilitators of Evidence-Based Sexual Health Education Interventions: A Small Randomized Trial Involving Making Proud Choices","authors":"Lisa Sontag-Padilla, Feifei Ye, Regina Firpo-Triplett, Brittany Lucas, Amanda Meyer, Serafina Lanna, Elie Ohana, Matthew Chinman","doi":"10.1177/26320770231197350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770231197350","url":null,"abstract":"Well-trained facilitators are critical for prevention programs. However, in-person facilitator training can be expensive and inconvenient. To make facilitator training affordable and accessible, we tested a prototype of online simulator-based training for Making Proud Choices! (MPC) facilitators using a mixed-method approach of survey assessments and observations of teaching. MPC is a leading evidence-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted infection (STI), and teen pregnancy risk-reduction program. A convenience sample of 53 adults was randomly assigned to receive facilitator training on one MPC activity either via an online simulation or via in-person. Participants completed pre–post-surveys and role-played the activity to demonstrate both fidelity and quality of instruction post-training. Pre–post-survey findings demonstrated that the online simulation group was no different compared to the in-person group for improvement in creating a safe and inclusive environment and for engagement of students. This was not the case for knowledge of the curriculum and steps of proper condom use, self-efficacy, and self-reported handling of some sensitive questions and student whispering. However, we did find comparable pre–post-change between the two groups on these measures. Role-play observation results showed that the online simulation group was no different, and in many cases better, than the in-person group on fidelity and quality indicators. Participants reported high levels of acceptability, likability, and applicability to teach youth about sexual health and safety using the prototype. Findings suggest online simulation training can replicate the learning experience from in-person methods, which, in turn, increases access to effective educator training.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"23 1","pages":"381 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770231199419
Loukas Haggipavlou, Richard J. T. Hamshaw
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV contraction in HIV-negative individuals. Despite higher risks, uptake is low among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). This study investigates barriers to PrEP uptake in U.K. YMSM, where treatment has recently been approved within services. Semi-structured interviews with 10 YMSM living in the United Kingdom were analyzed using data-driven reflexive thematic analysis. Analysis highlighted three principal barriers to PrEP uptake: lack of perceived necessity, lack of knowledge, and perceived acquisition discomfort. YMSM experience unique barriers to PrEP uptake. Recommendations for tackling barriers included implementation of an online application, alongside educational measures.
{"title":"Barriers to PrEP Uptake in Young U.K. Men Who Have Sex With Men","authors":"Loukas Haggipavlou, Richard J. T. Hamshaw","doi":"10.1177/26320770231199419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770231199419","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV contraction in HIV-negative individuals. Despite higher risks, uptake is low among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). This study investigates barriers to PrEP uptake in U.K. YMSM, where treatment has recently been approved within services. Semi-structured interviews with 10 YMSM living in the United Kingdom were analyzed using data-driven reflexive thematic analysis. Analysis highlighted three principal barriers to PrEP uptake: lack of perceived necessity, lack of knowledge, and perceived acquisition discomfort. YMSM experience unique barriers to PrEP uptake. Recommendations for tackling barriers included implementation of an online application, alongside educational measures.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"62 1","pages":"404 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-11DOI: 10.1177/26320770231171637
Elizabeth R. Pulgaron, N. D. W. Smith, Mira Armans, Jennifer Coto, M. Maurer, Lisa Gwynn
Although 65% of school-based health centers (SBHCs) offer mental health services, at-risk youth are commonly overlooked or do not follow up when referrals are made. Universal screenings may increase identification of those in need of mental health support. We examined the number of youth at three SBHCs referred for mental health consultations. Comparisons were made between provider referrals and those with elevated scores on the Youth Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (Y-PSC-17). Of the 585 patients in this study, 37 (6.32%) were referred solely by their Y-PSC-17 score, 36 (6.15%) youth were singularly referred by providers, and 19 (3.25%) were referred by both modalities. Almost three-quarters ( n = 67; 72.8%) of identified youth elected to receive psychotherapeutic services. Approximately half of the youth referred by providers ( n = 19; 52.8%) received individual services, while 36.11% ( n = 13) received group services. Smaller proportions of youth with elevated Y-PSC-17 scores received individual ( n = 7; 18.9%) and group services ( n = 11; 29.7%). Youth referred solely by a medical provider had significantly lower scores than those identified through an elevated Y-PSC-17 score. Findings highlight the necessity of universal screening in pediatric settings in addition to physician referrals to provide a supplemental layer of prevention and early identification of behavioral health concerns. In this study, 40% referrals would have been missed if both modalities were not in place. Educating medical providers on youth mental health concerns may enhance identification of those in need of mental health supports and in turn improve long-term outcomes.
{"title":"The Value of Mental Health Screening for Adolescents Attending School-Based Health Centers","authors":"Elizabeth R. Pulgaron, N. D. W. Smith, Mira Armans, Jennifer Coto, M. Maurer, Lisa Gwynn","doi":"10.1177/26320770231171637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770231171637","url":null,"abstract":"Although 65% of school-based health centers (SBHCs) offer mental health services, at-risk youth are commonly overlooked or do not follow up when referrals are made. Universal screenings may increase identification of those in need of mental health support. We examined the number of youth at three SBHCs referred for mental health consultations. Comparisons were made between provider referrals and those with elevated scores on the Youth Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (Y-PSC-17). Of the 585 patients in this study, 37 (6.32%) were referred solely by their Y-PSC-17 score, 36 (6.15%) youth were singularly referred by providers, and 19 (3.25%) were referred by both modalities. Almost three-quarters ( n = 67; 72.8%) of identified youth elected to receive psychotherapeutic services. Approximately half of the youth referred by providers ( n = 19; 52.8%) received individual services, while 36.11% ( n = 13) received group services. Smaller proportions of youth with elevated Y-PSC-17 scores received individual ( n = 7; 18.9%) and group services ( n = 11; 29.7%). Youth referred solely by a medical provider had significantly lower scores than those identified through an elevated Y-PSC-17 score. Findings highlight the necessity of universal screening in pediatric settings in addition to physician referrals to provide a supplemental layer of prevention and early identification of behavioral health concerns. In this study, 40% referrals would have been missed if both modalities were not in place. Educating medical providers on youth mental health concerns may enhance identification of those in need of mental health supports and in turn improve long-term outcomes.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80722706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1177/26320770231171020
Lillie Grace Veazey, Marcela C. Weber, Stefan E. Schulenberg
Purpose is a key protective factor for well-being, resilience, and satisfaction with life. The Claremont Purpose Scale (CPS) was developed by Bronk and colleagues with adolescents and emerging adults to measure three dimensions of purpose: Meaning, Goal-Directedness, and Beyond-the-Self. The psychometric properties examined in the original scale development paper were replicated with our independent, emerging adult college student sample: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of a 3-factor model, good-to-excellent internal consistency, convergent validity with a measure of general perceived meaning in life (MLQ-P), and discriminant validity with a measure of self-reported depression (DASS-21-D). Additional psychometrics examined in this study were test–retest reliability, a 1-factor CFA model, correlations with stress and anxiety, and descriptive statistics that had not yet been reported in the literature. Beyond-the-self items did not load well onto the overall factor in the 1-factor model, and their correlations with other scales (MLQ-S, DASS-21 subscales) differed significantly from the correlations between these other scales and the CPS total, General Meaning, and Goal-Directedness scores. Implications of these data include strong support for the use of each subscale as a distinct, psychometric index, and we recommend the total scale score not be used as a measure of overall purpose. Clearly, there are separate, but related, facets to this measure that, while positive, undermine the utility of a global purpose score. A slightly changed naming of the CPS to the “Claremont Purpose Scales” could promote their use as three separate scales instead of a single, total scale score.
{"title":"A Psychometric Validation of the Claremont Purpose Scale with an Emerging Adult University Student Population","authors":"Lillie Grace Veazey, Marcela C. Weber, Stefan E. Schulenberg","doi":"10.1177/26320770231171020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770231171020","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose is a key protective factor for well-being, resilience, and satisfaction with life. The Claremont Purpose Scale (CPS) was developed by Bronk and colleagues with adolescents and emerging adults to measure three dimensions of purpose: Meaning, Goal-Directedness, and Beyond-the-Self. The psychometric properties examined in the original scale development paper were replicated with our independent, emerging adult college student sample: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of a 3-factor model, good-to-excellent internal consistency, convergent validity with a measure of general perceived meaning in life (MLQ-P), and discriminant validity with a measure of self-reported depression (DASS-21-D). Additional psychometrics examined in this study were test–retest reliability, a 1-factor CFA model, correlations with stress and anxiety, and descriptive statistics that had not yet been reported in the literature. Beyond-the-self items did not load well onto the overall factor in the 1-factor model, and their correlations with other scales (MLQ-S, DASS-21 subscales) differed significantly from the correlations between these other scales and the CPS total, General Meaning, and Goal-Directedness scores. Implications of these data include strong support for the use of each subscale as a distinct, psychometric index, and we recommend the total scale score not be used as a measure of overall purpose. Clearly, there are separate, but related, facets to this measure that, while positive, undermine the utility of a global purpose score. A slightly changed naming of the CPS to the “Claremont Purpose Scales” could promote their use as three separate scales instead of a single, total scale score.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85700351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-21DOI: 10.1177/26320770231167355
J. McDaniel, G. Rosen, D. Albright, Mary York, Kyle Miller, Heather Pekios, Shivam Kundan
We sought to develop a tool designed to measure psychosocial reintegration outcomes among military veterans. We used a sequential mixed-methods study design for this research project. We conducted semi-structured interviews about veteran reintegration with 30 veteran members of The Mission Continues (TMC). Transcripts were coded/thematized based on three TMC program areas: personal growth (PG), connectedness (C), and community impact (CI). We developed/pilot-tested 65 Likert-scale items across three constructs. We collected survey data ( n = 851) and performed exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency reliability. Results showed that the three-factor model was satisfactory, with eigenvalues of 8.11, 5.50, and 4.92, respectively, on the PG, C, and CI constructs. Model fit indices were also acceptable (RMSEA = 0.06) and Cronbach’s α’s were >.90. This study provided initial validity and reliability evidence for a tool that can be used to assess psychosocial reintegration outcomes among veterans.
{"title":"Validity and Reliability of the Empowered Veteran Index Among Military Veterans","authors":"J. McDaniel, G. Rosen, D. Albright, Mary York, Kyle Miller, Heather Pekios, Shivam Kundan","doi":"10.1177/26320770231167355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770231167355","url":null,"abstract":"We sought to develop a tool designed to measure psychosocial reintegration outcomes among military veterans. We used a sequential mixed-methods study design for this research project. We conducted semi-structured interviews about veteran reintegration with 30 veteran members of The Mission Continues (TMC). Transcripts were coded/thematized based on three TMC program areas: personal growth (PG), connectedness (C), and community impact (CI). We developed/pilot-tested 65 Likert-scale items across three constructs. We collected survey data ( n = 851) and performed exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency reliability. Results showed that the three-factor model was satisfactory, with eigenvalues of 8.11, 5.50, and 4.92, respectively, on the PG, C, and CI constructs. Model fit indices were also acceptable (RMSEA = 0.06) and Cronbach’s α’s were >.90. This study provided initial validity and reliability evidence for a tool that can be used to assess psychosocial reintegration outcomes among veterans.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87120219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221124802
Maya Nauphal, Erin F. Ward-Ciesielski, Elizabeth H. Eustis
Efforts to prevent anxiety and depressive disorders are considered a public health priority. However, emerging adults (ages 18–25) have traditionally been overlooked in the prevention literature. Recent suggestions to improve the design and evaluation of prevention programs propose a shift toward targeting and assessing changes in underlying mechanisms and protective factors that might buffer against the onset or worsening of symptoms and promote emotional well-being. In this conceptual paper, we aim to further this discussion on the optimal targets and goals of prevention programs and how best to tailor these programs to meet the needs of emerging adults. We first provide a brief overview of the prevention literature for depressive and anxiety symptoms among emerging adults. We then present an argument for expanding the focus of prevention programs to include an emphasis on factors affecting help-seeking intentions and behaviors as explicit targets. We argue this could improve the effectiveness and long-term impact of prevention efforts and provide a way to tailor programs to the unique developmental period of emerging adulthood. We propose that prevention programs should strive to target both mechanisms underlying depressive and anxious symptomatology, as well as those affecting help-seeking behaviors to arm emerging adults with the knowledge and tools necessary to effectively manage their mental health needs. To this end, we outline a number of processes to prioritize and target in order to promote help-seeking in the context of prevention.
{"title":"Preventing Anxiety and Depression in Emerging Adults: A Case for Targeting Help-Seeking Intentions and Behaviors","authors":"Maya Nauphal, Erin F. Ward-Ciesielski, Elizabeth H. Eustis","doi":"10.1177/26320770221124802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221124802","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts to prevent anxiety and depressive disorders are considered a public health priority. However, emerging adults (ages 18–25) have traditionally been overlooked in the prevention literature. Recent suggestions to improve the design and evaluation of prevention programs propose a shift toward targeting and assessing changes in underlying mechanisms and protective factors that might buffer against the onset or worsening of symptoms and promote emotional well-being. In this conceptual paper, we aim to further this discussion on the optimal targets and goals of prevention programs and how best to tailor these programs to meet the needs of emerging adults. We first provide a brief overview of the prevention literature for depressive and anxiety symptoms among emerging adults. We then present an argument for expanding the focus of prevention programs to include an emphasis on factors affecting help-seeking intentions and behaviors as explicit targets. We argue this could improve the effectiveness and long-term impact of prevention efforts and provide a way to tailor programs to the unique developmental period of emerging adulthood. We propose that prevention programs should strive to target both mechanisms underlying depressive and anxious symptomatology, as well as those affecting help-seeking behaviors to arm emerging adults with the knowledge and tools necessary to effectively manage their mental health needs. To this end, we outline a number of processes to prioritize and target in order to promote help-seeking in the context of prevention.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"213 1","pages":"112 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76947643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221123538
Stephanie Brandt, R. Miles, Anjali Krishnan, L. Rabin
Research indicates that mental health literacy (MHL) can promote adaptive health behaviors and reduce stigma toward mental health problems. However, few studies have examined MHL among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, a population that is disproportionately affected by negative mental health outcomes due to experiences with minority stress. This study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by investigating the association between MHL and SGM identity in a sample of demographically diverse college students in New York City. In addition to using a comprehensive measure of MHL, we recorded participants’ self-reported history of a psychological disorder. Results indicated that SGM identity was associated with higher MHL than non-SGM identity over and above other sociodemographic characteristics. This association was fully driven by participants’ self-reported history of a psychological disorder, which was more frequently reported by SGM participants as compared to non-SGM participants. These findings suggest that SGM college students may have higher MHL than non-SGM college students due to their relatively greater likelihood of having personally experienced a psychological disorder. Early MHL intervention with SGM individuals may be warranted to increase MHL prior to a potential onset of psychopathology, with the larger goal of facilitating more positive mental health outcomes. Implications for interventions in school-based settings and future research initiatives are also discussed.
{"title":"Mental Health Literacy and Its Relation to Sexual and Gender Minority Identity in a Diverse Sample of Undergraduate College Students","authors":"Stephanie Brandt, R. Miles, Anjali Krishnan, L. Rabin","doi":"10.1177/26320770221123538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221123538","url":null,"abstract":"Research indicates that mental health literacy (MHL) can promote adaptive health behaviors and reduce stigma toward mental health problems. However, few studies have examined MHL among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, a population that is disproportionately affected by negative mental health outcomes due to experiences with minority stress. This study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by investigating the association between MHL and SGM identity in a sample of demographically diverse college students in New York City. In addition to using a comprehensive measure of MHL, we recorded participants’ self-reported history of a psychological disorder. Results indicated that SGM identity was associated with higher MHL than non-SGM identity over and above other sociodemographic characteristics. This association was fully driven by participants’ self-reported history of a psychological disorder, which was more frequently reported by SGM participants as compared to non-SGM participants. These findings suggest that SGM college students may have higher MHL than non-SGM college students due to their relatively greater likelihood of having personally experienced a psychological disorder. Early MHL intervention with SGM individuals may be warranted to increase MHL prior to a potential onset of psychopathology, with the larger goal of facilitating more positive mental health outcomes. Implications for interventions in school-based settings and future research initiatives are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"53 1","pages":"87 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81835759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221095442
M. Israelashvili, Abeer Hannani Nahhas
Current literature on the barriers to the implementation of prevention efforts highlights circumstantial organizational and personal factors. However, the possibility that there is a more profound individual difference in people’s preliminary Belief in the Ability to Prevent (BIP; Israelashvili, 2018) has not yet been investigated. To explore this possibility, two sequential studies were performed on the case of adolescents’ problem behaviors. Study 1 (N = 200) examined the utility of a new measurement of BIP. Respondents were adolescents and adults (parents and teachers), living in northern Israel, who evaluated each of the vignettes in terms of the possibility of preventing the emerging adolescent’s problem behavior. Results from Study 1 supplied preliminary support for this research tool’s structure and validity, and demonstrated that there is variance in BIP scores and that past exposure to problem behaviors, especially suicidal behavior, is associated with lower BIP scores. Assuming that BIP emerges on the basis of cultural background and life experiences, Study 2 (N = 995) explored possible sex, age, and cultural differences and their accumulating contribution to explaining the variance in BIP. Based on MANCOVA analyses, the results from Study 2 support the hypothesized background differences and show that at-risk adolescents have lower levels of BIP. An additional tree analysis suggests that a person’s perception regarding the possibility of preventing more common problem behaviors, rather than extreme behaviors, serves as the basis upon which BIP is established. It is suggested that BIP is an additional possible variable that is related to people’s reluctance to collaborate with, and respond to, prevention efforts. Implications for implementation science are suggested.
{"title":"The Differential Preliminary Belief in Prevention: The Case of Adolescents’ Problem Behaviors","authors":"M. Israelashvili, Abeer Hannani Nahhas","doi":"10.1177/26320770221095442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221095442","url":null,"abstract":"Current literature on the barriers to the implementation of prevention efforts highlights circumstantial organizational and personal factors. However, the possibility that there is a more profound individual difference in people’s preliminary Belief in the Ability to Prevent (BIP; Israelashvili, 2018) has not yet been investigated. To explore this possibility, two sequential studies were performed on the case of adolescents’ problem behaviors. Study 1 (N = 200) examined the utility of a new measurement of BIP. Respondents were adolescents and adults (parents and teachers), living in northern Israel, who evaluated each of the vignettes in terms of the possibility of preventing the emerging adolescent’s problem behavior. Results from Study 1 supplied preliminary support for this research tool’s structure and validity, and demonstrated that there is variance in BIP scores and that past exposure to problem behaviors, especially suicidal behavior, is associated with lower BIP scores. Assuming that BIP emerges on the basis of cultural background and life experiences, Study 2 (N = 995) explored possible sex, age, and cultural differences and their accumulating contribution to explaining the variance in BIP. Based on MANCOVA analyses, the results from Study 2 support the hypothesized background differences and show that at-risk adolescents have lower levels of BIP. An additional tree analysis suggests that a person’s perception regarding the possibility of preventing more common problem behaviors, rather than extreme behaviors, serves as the basis upon which BIP is established. It is suggested that BIP is an additional possible variable that is related to people’s reluctance to collaborate with, and respond to, prevention efforts. Implications for implementation science are suggested.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"35 1","pages":"31 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82346933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221115862
Sarah Cronin, Thomas Allen, Jian-Ming Hou, Lily Walker
Given the demands of a helping professions amidst an ever-changing world, therapists need resilience now more than ever. This systematic literature review had two purposes: to explore the international evidence of internal characteristics that contribute to therapist resilience and to investigate the common ground between previous literature about therapist resilience and the newly identified characteristics of highly resilient therapists. In all, 29 peer-reviewed original research articles were systematically collected and coded for themes. In all, 10 overarching themes were identified: (a) connection to community, (b) pursuit of continual growth, (c) emotional boundaries, (d) emotional support, (e) humor, (f) integration of personal and professional, (g) meaning and purpose, (h) positive sense of self, (i) self-awareness, and (j) spirituality. The themes reinforced the four core characteristics of highly resilient therapists. Implications to foster therapist resilience and ideas for future research are discussed.
{"title":"Therapist Resilience in an Ever-Changing World: A Systematic Review","authors":"Sarah Cronin, Thomas Allen, Jian-Ming Hou, Lily Walker","doi":"10.1177/26320770221115862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221115862","url":null,"abstract":"Given the demands of a helping professions amidst an ever-changing world, therapists need resilience now more than ever. This systematic literature review had two purposes: to explore the international evidence of internal characteristics that contribute to therapist resilience and to investigate the common ground between previous literature about therapist resilience and the newly identified characteristics of highly resilient therapists. In all, 29 peer-reviewed original research articles were systematically collected and coded for themes. In all, 10 overarching themes were identified: (a) connection to community, (b) pursuit of continual growth, (c) emotional boundaries, (d) emotional support, (e) humor, (f) integration of personal and professional, (g) meaning and purpose, (h) positive sense of self, (i) self-awareness, and (j) spirituality. The themes reinforced the four core characteristics of highly resilient therapists. Implications to foster therapist resilience and ideas for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"34 1","pages":"60 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83760748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221121587
Elizabeth M. Vera, Sarah Galvin, Fioralba Millon, Rachael Drapcho, Hannah Payne
Research indicates that individuals who are not part of mainstream cultures may be disproportionately vulnerable to bully victimization. In response to culturally-motivated bullying vignettes, we explored bystander intervention/upstanding behavioral intentions in an experimental design involving 294 college student participants. Participants were randomly assigned to conditions that presented vignettes involving race-, gender-, and sexual orientation-based bullying. Race of victim was significantly related to upstanding behaviors. Perceived emergency of the situation and previous experience with upstanding interventions were also predictive of upstanding behavior. Empathy for the victims and intentions to comfort them were the primary rationales cited for preferring specific upstanding behaviors. Findings have implications for designing culturally-motivated bullying prevention programs in school and campus settings.
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