Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1177/26320770221111759
Christina D. Colgary, Martin A. Swanbrow Becker, Qian Zhang, Jillian Konopa
Creating a positive college environment regarding body image concerns is warranted given their strong association with eating disorders (EDs) and the alarming rates of EDs on college campuses. There is also a growing need to universally diversify ED prevention programs and enhance selective prevention recruitment initiatives. This study included 132 undergraduate students in a universal and mixed-gendered setting (i.e., classrooms). Participants in the intervention condition received a single session of an adapted cognitive dissonance-based intervention aimed at reducing ED risk factors. The control condition included participants who received a general classroom lecture. Women and men in the two conditions were compared at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up timepoints on appearance-ideal internalization (thin-ideal and muscular-ideal), body image satisfaction, and behavioral intention to enroll in a selective ED prevention program, known as The Body Project (BP). Using mixed-effects modeling, results showed that women in the intervention condition significantly lowered muscular-ideal internalization scores at follow-up when compared to the control condition. There were no significant differences across all other variables, which suggests that the single session universal intervention was not effective in reducing body image dissatisfaction or triaging participants into The BP. Implications include further exploration of muscular-ideal internalization in ED development for women and the examination of other underlying dimensions of body image, such as internalized weight stigma and body functionality. Mixed-gendered settings might also benefit from cultivating conversations regarding the social injustices of beauty standards. These adjustments may help enhance the levels of cognitive dissonance experienced by participants.
{"title":"An Examination of a Cognitive Dissonance Body Image and Health Intervention for the College Classroom","authors":"Christina D. Colgary, Martin A. Swanbrow Becker, Qian Zhang, Jillian Konopa","doi":"10.1177/26320770221111759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221111759","url":null,"abstract":"Creating a positive college environment regarding body image concerns is warranted given their strong association with eating disorders (EDs) and the alarming rates of EDs on college campuses. There is also a growing need to universally diversify ED prevention programs and enhance selective prevention recruitment initiatives. This study included 132 undergraduate students in a universal and mixed-gendered setting (i.e., classrooms). Participants in the intervention condition received a single session of an adapted cognitive dissonance-based intervention aimed at reducing ED risk factors. The control condition included participants who received a general classroom lecture. Women and men in the two conditions were compared at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up timepoints on appearance-ideal internalization (thin-ideal and muscular-ideal), body image satisfaction, and behavioral intention to enroll in a selective ED prevention program, known as The Body Project (BP). Using mixed-effects modeling, results showed that women in the intervention condition significantly lowered muscular-ideal internalization scores at follow-up when compared to the control condition. There were no significant differences across all other variables, which suggests that the single session universal intervention was not effective in reducing body image dissatisfaction or triaging participants into The BP. Implications include further exploration of muscular-ideal internalization in ED development for women and the examination of other underlying dimensions of body image, such as internalized weight stigma and body functionality. Mixed-gendered settings might also benefit from cultivating conversations regarding the social injustices of beauty standards. These adjustments may help enhance the levels of cognitive dissonance experienced by participants.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"61 1","pages":"563 - 588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77980618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1177/26320770221111757
Jessica M. Safi, Stephanie M. Rescigno, Josephine H Shih
Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) have the potential to bypass barriers to seeking mental health services by promoting well-being without the cost and stigma. Research on PPIs thus far has focused on depressed individuals as well individuals who sought out PPIs on their own. It is less clear, however, whether the promising findings on PPIs could extend to PPIs effectively reducing levels of vulnerability factors in individuals at risk for depression. Rumination is a perseverative cognitive process and named as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. The current study tested the efficacy of a gratitude-writing intervention in college students who had high scores of rumination. Participants completed either the gratitude-writing or distraction task for 4 days. The gratitude-writing exercise was significantly more effective than the distraction exercise in reducing the brooding subtype of rumination and in increasing positive affect. Implications for the use of this intervention include its potential to increase confidence in PPIs and to serve as a stepping stone for young adults to seek mental health resources.
{"title":"Promoting Mental Health in Young Adults: A Brief Gratitude-Writing Intervention Reduced Brooding in People Who Ruminate","authors":"Jessica M. Safi, Stephanie M. Rescigno, Josephine H Shih","doi":"10.1177/26320770221111757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221111757","url":null,"abstract":"Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) have the potential to bypass barriers to seeking mental health services by promoting well-being without the cost and stigma. Research on PPIs thus far has focused on depressed individuals as well individuals who sought out PPIs on their own. It is less clear, however, whether the promising findings on PPIs could extend to PPIs effectively reducing levels of vulnerability factors in individuals at risk for depression. Rumination is a perseverative cognitive process and named as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. The current study tested the efficacy of a gratitude-writing intervention in college students who had high scores of rumination. Participants completed either the gratitude-writing or distraction task for 4 days. The gratitude-writing exercise was significantly more effective than the distraction exercise in reducing the brooding subtype of rumination and in increasing positive affect. Implications for the use of this intervention include its potential to increase confidence in PPIs and to serve as a stepping stone for young adults to seek mental health resources.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"36 1","pages":"144 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89313740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.1177/26320770221097973
Almut K. Zieher, J. Armstrong
Mindfulness trainings are a promising approach for mitigating teacher burnout and promoting well-being and effective teaching, yet few studies with pre-service teachers employ this approach for prevention purposes, and only one has used dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills. In this study, 12 pre-service teachers were taught DBT skills in eight 1-hour weekly sessions to promote their mindfulness and well-being. Using mixed methods, we investigated how pre-service teachers used DBT skills and evaluated training effects and feasibility. Findings from 81 days of daily survey data indicated that pre-service teachers’ mindfulness and positive affect were significantly higher the evening after training sessions and that their positive affect remained elevated through the next evening. Completed homework sheets, researcher journals, and interviews provided evidence of how the pre-service teachers used DBT skills to navigate challenges and support their students. We identified the need for more frequent sessions and additional structures to promote practice of DBT skills in daily life. The results from this study point to the feasibility of using DBT skills in a preventative capacity as part of teacher preparation programming to support teachers’ ongoing well-being and effective teaching.
{"title":"Promoting Well-Being and Responsiveness in Pre-Service Teachers Using Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills: A Mixed-Methods Study","authors":"Almut K. Zieher, J. Armstrong","doi":"10.1177/26320770221097973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221097973","url":null,"abstract":"Mindfulness trainings are a promising approach for mitigating teacher burnout and promoting well-being and effective teaching, yet few studies with pre-service teachers employ this approach for prevention purposes, and only one has used dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills. In this study, 12 pre-service teachers were taught DBT skills in eight 1-hour weekly sessions to promote their mindfulness and well-being. Using mixed methods, we investigated how pre-service teachers used DBT skills and evaluated training effects and feasibility. Findings from 81 days of daily survey data indicated that pre-service teachers’ mindfulness and positive affect were significantly higher the evening after training sessions and that their positive affect remained elevated through the next evening. Completed homework sheets, researcher journals, and interviews provided evidence of how the pre-service teachers used DBT skills to navigate challenges and support their students. We identified the need for more frequent sessions and additional structures to promote practice of DBT skills in daily life. The results from this study point to the feasibility of using DBT skills in a preventative capacity as part of teacher preparation programming to support teachers’ ongoing well-being and effective teaching.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"1 1","pages":"508 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78663739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1177/26320770221099586
C. Tucker, Guillermo M. Wippold, J. Roncoroni, Meagan A. Henry, Kirsten G. Klein, Matthew Garrepy, W. Ateyah, Alexanderia Burwell, Hermonyone Walker, Leslie Clements, Brandy N. Kelly Pryor, Dottington Fullwood
Black older adults experience poorer health and health-related outcomes than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Novel, tailored strategies to promote health and prevent adverse health-related outcomes that are aligned with the preferences and values of Black older adults are needed given the limited effectiveness of “one-size-fits-all” approaches. The present study evaluated the impact of a 9-week, community-based participatory research-informed program called the Health-Smart Holistic Health Program for Seniors that aimed to improve health and prevent adverse outcomes among Black older adults by targeting body mass index (BMI), loneliness, food insecurity, and physical and psychological health-related quality of life. Participants (N = 139) were community dwelling, economically disadvantaged Black older adults living in an underserved area. Results indicated that from pre-intervention to post-intervention there were (a) significant decreases in BMI, loneliness, and food insecurity and (b) significant increases in the participating seniors’ psychological and physical health-related quality of life. Most of these changes were maintained at a 3-month post-intervention follow-up. These results have implications for similar efforts attempting to prevent adverse health outcomes among Black older adults, a high-risk and understudied group. Such efforts should be tailored and should address factors at multiple levels.
{"title":"Impact of the Health-Smart Holistic Health Program: A CBPR Approach to Improve Health and Prevent Adverse Outcomes for Black Older Adults","authors":"C. Tucker, Guillermo M. Wippold, J. Roncoroni, Meagan A. Henry, Kirsten G. Klein, Matthew Garrepy, W. Ateyah, Alexanderia Burwell, Hermonyone Walker, Leslie Clements, Brandy N. Kelly Pryor, Dottington Fullwood","doi":"10.1177/26320770221099586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221099586","url":null,"abstract":"Black older adults experience poorer health and health-related outcomes than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Novel, tailored strategies to promote health and prevent adverse health-related outcomes that are aligned with the preferences and values of Black older adults are needed given the limited effectiveness of “one-size-fits-all” approaches. The present study evaluated the impact of a 9-week, community-based participatory research-informed program called the Health-Smart Holistic Health Program for Seniors that aimed to improve health and prevent adverse outcomes among Black older adults by targeting body mass index (BMI), loneliness, food insecurity, and physical and psychological health-related quality of life. Participants (N = 139) were community dwelling, economically disadvantaged Black older adults living in an underserved area. Results indicated that from pre-intervention to post-intervention there were (a) significant decreases in BMI, loneliness, and food insecurity and (b) significant increases in the participating seniors’ psychological and physical health-related quality of life. Most of these changes were maintained at a 3-month post-intervention follow-up. These results have implications for similar efforts attempting to prevent adverse health outcomes among Black older adults, a high-risk and understudied group. Such efforts should be tailored and should address factors at multiple levels.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"83 1","pages":"589 - 607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72908969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-27DOI: 10.1177/26320770221100529
M. Mason, J. Coatsworth, M. Russell, J. Mennis
Adolescent depression is a significant public health problem reflected in increasing rates of major depressive episodes. Depression is also a critical risk for adolescent substance use. Adolescents who have experienced a major depressive episode are approximately twice as likely to engage in heavy drinking compared to those without. Developing strategies to intervene early and reduce adolescent depressive disorders and alcohol use is warranted. We examined the relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms and alcohol use with 69 adolescents enrolled in a preventive randomized controlled pilot trial for substance use risk within a federally qualified health care setting. We also tested a mediation model to determine if a text-delivered intervention reduced alcohol use by reducing depressive symptoms. Participants were randomized to a 4-week, text-delivered stress-and-coping intervention or a waitlist control condition. Participants completed baseline assessments and monthly follow-up surveys for 3 months. Logistic regression showed that adolescents with probable depressive disorder had six times higher odds of alcohol use compared to those with sub-clinical depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis revealed that the intervention reduced alcohol use by reducing depressive symptoms for adolescents with sub-clinical depressive scores. Results support targeting proximal risk factors such as depressive symptoms among adolescents presenting for primary care with text-delivered preventive interventions in order to reduce alcohol use. Incorporating more intensive interventions for adolescents with a broad range of presenting depressive symptoms is recommended.
{"title":"Breaking the Connection Between Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents With a Text-Message Delivered Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial in Primary Care","authors":"M. Mason, J. Coatsworth, M. Russell, J. Mennis","doi":"10.1177/26320770221100529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221100529","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent depression is a significant public health problem reflected in increasing rates of major depressive episodes. Depression is also a critical risk for adolescent substance use. Adolescents who have experienced a major depressive episode are approximately twice as likely to engage in heavy drinking compared to those without. Developing strategies to intervene early and reduce adolescent depressive disorders and alcohol use is warranted. We examined the relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms and alcohol use with 69 adolescents enrolled in a preventive randomized controlled pilot trial for substance use risk within a federally qualified health care setting. We also tested a mediation model to determine if a text-delivered intervention reduced alcohol use by reducing depressive symptoms. Participants were randomized to a 4-week, text-delivered stress-and-coping intervention or a waitlist control condition. Participants completed baseline assessments and monthly follow-up surveys for 3 months. Logistic regression showed that adolescents with probable depressive disorder had six times higher odds of alcohol use compared to those with sub-clinical depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis revealed that the intervention reduced alcohol use by reducing depressive symptoms for adolescents with sub-clinical depressive scores. Results support targeting proximal risk factors such as depressive symptoms among adolescents presenting for primary care with text-delivered preventive interventions in order to reduce alcohol use. Incorporating more intensive interventions for adolescents with a broad range of presenting depressive symptoms is recommended.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"45 1","pages":"495 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83786979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1177/26320770221097627
Ijeoma Ezeofor, R. Lent, B. P. Moturu
The social cognitive model of restorative well-being (Lent, 2004) focuses on the means by which people help to stabilize their emotional functioning after exposure to challenging life conditions. We extended this model to the study of how international students navigate psychological adjustment to life in the United States. In this application, we focused on the interplay of cognitive, behavioral, social, and trait mechanisms that may help to mitigate distress and promote well-being in the context of change and transition. Participants were 233 international students at U.S. colleges and universities who completed measures of acculturative stress, life satisfaction, social support, self-efficacy in coping with life changes, general self-efficacy, and acculturation- and enculturation-based coping behaviors. Findings indicated that the model provided good fit to the data. Coping efficacy was strongly predictive of lower levels of acculturative stress, which in turn predicted life satisfaction together with general self-efficacy. We consider implications of the findings for future research as well as for interventions designed to prevent psychological distress and to promote effective coping among international students and in a broad range of other stress and coping contexts, such as life role transitions.
{"title":"Test of a Social Cognitive Model of Restorative Well-Being: Application to International Students","authors":"Ijeoma Ezeofor, R. Lent, B. P. Moturu","doi":"10.1177/26320770221097627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221097627","url":null,"abstract":"The social cognitive model of restorative well-being (Lent, 2004) focuses on the means by which people help to stabilize their emotional functioning after exposure to challenging life conditions. We extended this model to the study of how international students navigate psychological adjustment to life in the United States. In this application, we focused on the interplay of cognitive, behavioral, social, and trait mechanisms that may help to mitigate distress and promote well-being in the context of change and transition. Participants were 233 international students at U.S. colleges and universities who completed measures of acculturative stress, life satisfaction, social support, self-efficacy in coping with life changes, general self-efficacy, and acculturation- and enculturation-based coping behaviors. Findings indicated that the model provided good fit to the data. Coping efficacy was strongly predictive of lower levels of acculturative stress, which in turn predicted life satisfaction together with general self-efficacy. We consider implications of the findings for future research as well as for interventions designed to prevent psychological distress and to promote effective coping among international students and in a broad range of other stress and coping contexts, such as life role transitions.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"133 1","pages":"468 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90149024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221095788
S. Fleary, Patrece L. Joseph, Pauline B. Dimaano, Ailish Dougherty
Persistent racial-, ethnic-, and income-related disparities in health outcomes for children suggest that there is still much to do to develop interventions that are responsive to communities’ needs. Cultural health capital, the health-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors needed to engage in a healthy lifestyle, is acquired throughout childhood and informs adult preventive health behaviors (PHBs). However, primary caregivers’ social determinants of health (SDH) dictate the opportunities they have for building children’s cultural health capital. Given that targeted, responsive interventions and policies to promote PHB in young children are needed, the purpose of this study was to explore how caregivers with varying SDH define preventive health and what affects their engagement in PHBs for themselves and their children. Six focus groups with primary caregivers of young children (N = 37, 89% female, mean age = ∼37.9 years old, ∼36% White) were conducted at community organizations. Data were analyzed using a deductive approach, and emergent themes were categorized by types of SDH (downstream, upstream, or both) within each focus group. Focus groups were categorized into three clusters based on participants’ SDH and access to resources: high-resource, low-income/moderate-resource, and low-income/low-resource. Caregivers’ definitions of preventive health were rooted in upstream and downstream determinants and differed by cluster. All clusters identified money and access to resources as barriers to engaging in PHBs and acknowledged that structural inequity impacted access to resources. Policies, programs, and structural change to address systemic barriers and mistrust in systems are vital to reduce disparities in health outcomes for children.
{"title":"It’s Just the Fact It’s Against Us: The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Young Children’s Caregivers’ Preventive Health Behaviors","authors":"S. Fleary, Patrece L. Joseph, Pauline B. Dimaano, Ailish Dougherty","doi":"10.1177/26320770221095788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221095788","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent racial-, ethnic-, and income-related disparities in health outcomes for children suggest that there is still much to do to develop interventions that are responsive to communities’ needs. Cultural health capital, the health-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors needed to engage in a healthy lifestyle, is acquired throughout childhood and informs adult preventive health behaviors (PHBs). However, primary caregivers’ social determinants of health (SDH) dictate the opportunities they have for building children’s cultural health capital. Given that targeted, responsive interventions and policies to promote PHB in young children are needed, the purpose of this study was to explore how caregivers with varying SDH define preventive health and what affects their engagement in PHBs for themselves and their children. Six focus groups with primary caregivers of young children (N = 37, 89% female, mean age = ∼37.9 years old, ∼36% White) were conducted at community organizations. Data were analyzed using a deductive approach, and emergent themes were categorized by types of SDH (downstream, upstream, or both) within each focus group. Focus groups were categorized into three clusters based on participants’ SDH and access to resources: high-resource, low-income/moderate-resource, and low-income/low-resource. Caregivers’ definitions of preventive health were rooted in upstream and downstream determinants and differed by cluster. All clusters identified money and access to resources as barriers to engaging in PHBs and acknowledged that structural inequity impacted access to resources. Policies, programs, and structural change to address systemic barriers and mistrust in systems are vital to reduce disparities in health outcomes for children.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"17 1","pages":"300 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78438834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221093641
S. McMahon, V. Banyard, N. Peterson, J. Cusano, Qiana L. Brown, Antoinette Y. Farmer
As a part of socio-ecological approaches to campus sexual violence prevention, there is a call for greater attention to the role of the environment. Despite this, physical space, an aspect of the built environment, is understudied. There is a lack of models for the ways physical space can help facilitate prevention efforts on campus. Disciplines such as criminology have put forth theories such as crime prevention through environmental design, which offer a foundation for application to college campuses but which require modification. The current model draws from reviews of research, theory, and critiques of work on the prevention and the physical environment to present a strengths-centered, social justice–based model for campuses to incorporate the consideration of physical spaces into sexual violence prevention planning.
{"title":"Physical Spaces for Campus Sexual Violence Prevention: A Conceptual Model","authors":"S. McMahon, V. Banyard, N. Peterson, J. Cusano, Qiana L. Brown, Antoinette Y. Farmer","doi":"10.1177/26320770221093641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221093641","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of socio-ecological approaches to campus sexual violence prevention, there is a call for greater attention to the role of the environment. Despite this, physical space, an aspect of the built environment, is understudied. There is a lack of models for the ways physical space can help facilitate prevention efforts on campus. Disciplines such as criminology have put forth theories such as crime prevention through environmental design, which offer a foundation for application to college campuses but which require modification. The current model draws from reviews of research, theory, and critiques of work on the prevention and the physical environment to present a strengths-centered, social justice–based model for campuses to incorporate the consideration of physical spaces into sexual violence prevention planning.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"12 1","pages":"347 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86537016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221098730
Karen M. O’Brien, Gilly Cannon, Allison K. Stearns, Carol Walsh, E. Hill
Grieving children are at risk for negative outcomes (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020). This study described a collaboration between a community agency and a large school district to create and implement groups for grieving children. A preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of these groups was conducted. Quantitative and qualitative data from 318 students, 59 group facilitators, and 59 school counselors indicated that the grief group was a promising intervention for diverse students with regard to enhancing awareness about grief, reducing isolation, providing a place to share feelings, and learning coping strategies after the death of a significant person. This research may inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of other important interventions established through community partnerships to prevent negative outcomes associated with unattended grief in childhood.
{"title":"“I’m Not Alone”: A Group Intervention for Grieving Children","authors":"Karen M. O’Brien, Gilly Cannon, Allison K. Stearns, Carol Walsh, E. Hill","doi":"10.1177/26320770221098730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221098730","url":null,"abstract":"Grieving children are at risk for negative outcomes (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020). This study described a collaboration between a community agency and a large school district to create and implement groups for grieving children. A preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of these groups was conducted. Quantitative and qualitative data from 318 students, 59 group facilitators, and 59 school counselors indicated that the grief group was a promising intervention for diverse students with regard to enhancing awareness about grief, reducing isolation, providing a place to share feelings, and learning coping strategies after the death of a significant person. This research may inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of other important interventions established through community partnerships to prevent negative outcomes associated with unattended grief in childhood.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"35 1","pages":"395 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77383330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/26320770221096764
A. Rizzo, Carrie K. W. Li, V. Banyard, Katie M. Edwards
Adolescence is a critical period of development in which various socializing relationships can play an important role in shaping behavior. This study examined adolescents’ bystander helping in relation to their perceived norms supporting intervention in dating and sexual violence situations across four different norm-referent groups. Survey questions asked about students’ bystander behavior and perceptions of bystander norms based on whether the norm was endorsed by friends, parents, teachers, and people in town. Paper-and-pencil surveys were completed during the school day by high school students (N = 609) in three different towns in northern New England. We used multinomial logistic regression to compare the impact of different norms on bystander behavior. Friend- and parent-referent bystander norms were both individually associated with increased helping behaviors. Multivariate analysis found only friend-referent norms were significantly related to more frequent helping behaviors. The implications of these results can inform norms-based prevention programs for adolescents.
{"title":"Who Do We Model? A Brief Report Comparing Different Sources of Normative Influence on Adolescent Bystander Intervention","authors":"A. Rizzo, Carrie K. W. Li, V. Banyard, Katie M. Edwards","doi":"10.1177/26320770221096764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221096764","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a critical period of development in which various socializing relationships can play an important role in shaping behavior. This study examined adolescents’ bystander helping in relation to their perceived norms supporting intervention in dating and sexual violence situations across four different norm-referent groups. Survey questions asked about students’ bystander behavior and perceptions of bystander norms based on whether the norm was endorsed by friends, parents, teachers, and people in town. Paper-and-pencil surveys were completed during the school day by high school students (N = 609) in three different towns in northern New England. We used multinomial logistic regression to compare the impact of different norms on bystander behavior. Friend- and parent-referent bystander norms were both individually associated with increased helping behaviors. Multivariate analysis found only friend-referent norms were significantly related to more frequent helping behaviors. The implications of these results can inform norms-based prevention programs for adolescents.","PeriodicalId":73906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention and health promotion","volume":"12 1","pages":"379 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87323348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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