Journal of prevention and health promotion最新文献

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The Changing World of Bullying: Student Strategies for Cyberbullying Intervention 不断变化的欺凌世界:学生干预网络欺凌的策略

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211064330

Courtney J. L. Andrysiak, P.R.S. Mani, Marlene Pomrenke, Grace Ukasoanya, Lauren Mizock

A gap in research on cyberbullying intervention strategies exists. The purpose of this study was to identify effective coping strategies for cyberbullying by interviewing cyberbullying survivors. The study used grounded theory qualitative methodology to allow data to fully emerge from participants’ perspectives. When analyzing the data, the researchers found that youth engaged in three types of coping: online coping, offline coping, and intrinsic coping. Online coping involved online interventions to stop active cyberbullying and prevent future cyberbullying; for example, youth limited who had access to their online accounts or blocked and reported cyberbullies. Offline coping included strategies that participants engaged in offline to minimize, tolerate, or cope with the effects of cyberbullying, such as talking about their experiences or reframing the way that they think about things. Finally, intrinsic coping described survivors’ personality traits or ways of being that aided them in developing such resilient coping strategies; for instance, possessing self-awareness and self-love contributed to survival. Accordingly, the findings contribute to the literature on effective coping strategies by confirming previously identified strategies, like online coping, and highlighting new ones, like intrinsic coping. The findings also help inform future counseling practices within schools.

网络欺凌干预策略的研究存在空白。本研究的目的是通过访谈网络欺凌幸存者来确定有效的应对策略。本研究采用扎根理论定性方法，让数据完全从参与者的角度呈现出来。通过对数据的分析，研究人员发现青少年有三种应对方式:在线应对、离线应对和内在应对。网络应对涉及网络干预，以阻止主动网络欺凌和预防未来网络欺凌;例如，年轻人限制谁可以访问他们的在线账户，或者阻止并举报网络欺凌者。线下应对包括参与者在线下采取的策略，以尽量减少、容忍或应对网络欺凌的影响，例如谈论他们的经历或重新构建他们思考事物的方式。最后，内在应对描述了幸存者的人格特征或帮助他们发展这种有弹性的应对策略的方式;例如，拥有自我意识和自爱有助于生存。因此，研究结果通过确认先前确定的策略(如在线应对)和强调新的策略(如内在应对)，为有效应对策略的文献做出了贡献。这些发现也有助于为未来学校的咨询实践提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Pandemic and Stress: Coping with the New Normal. COVID-19大流行与压力:应对新常态。

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211050058

Anjana Bhattacharjee, Tatini Ghosh

COVID-19 is the new face of pandemic. Since the discovery of COVID-19 in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, it has spread all over the world and the numbers are increasing day by day. Anyone can be susceptible to this infection but children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with comorbidity are more vulnerable. The spread of coronavirus resulted in closures of schools, businesses, and public spaces worldwide and forced many communities to enact stay at home orders, causing stress to all irrespective of their age, gender, or socioeconomic status. The sudden and unexpected changes caused by the outbreak of coronavirus are overwhelming for both adults and children, causing stress and evoking negative emotions like fear, anxiety, and depression, among different populations. The aim of the paper is to ascertain how stress during this pandemic inculcates various psychological health issues like depression anxiety, OCD, panic behavior, and so on. Further, the paper is an attempt to identify different general as well as population specific coping strategies to reduce the stress level among individuals and prevent various stress-induced psychological disorders with reference to different theories and research articles.

新冠肺炎是这一流行病的新面孔。新冠肺炎自2019年12月在中国武汉发现以来，已在世界各地传播，数量日益增加。任何人都可能容易感染这种病毒，但儿童、老年人、孕妇和有合并症的人更容易感染。冠状病毒的传播导致全球学校、企业和公共场所关闭，并迫使许多社区颁布居家令，给所有人带来压力，无论他们的年龄、性别或社会经济地位如何。冠状病毒爆发引起的突然和意想不到的变化对成年人和儿童来说都是压倒性的，在不同人群中造成压力并引发恐惧、焦虑和抑郁等负面情绪。本文的目的是确定这场疫情期间的压力如何灌输各种心理健康问题，如抑郁焦虑、强迫症、恐慌行为等。此外，本文试图参考不同的理论和研究文章，确定不同的一般和特定人群的应对策略，以降低个体的压力水平，预防各种压力引发的心理障碍。

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引用次数: 13

"We in This Fight Together…": HIV Treatment and Prevention Among Couples of HIV-Discordant Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men. “我们在一起战斗……”：艾滋病毒不一致的黑人和拉丁裔男男性行为夫妇的艾滋病毒治疗和预防。

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26320770221074979

Damian J Denson, Deborah Gelaude, Alisú Schoua-Glusberg

HIV-positive Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) have substantial challenges accessing and engaging in HIV care. Findings presented here are an analysis of 14 HIV-discordant couples (N = 28) from Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; and Washington, DC. One-hour in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. Most couples reported relationship fears associated with delayed disclosure, HIV care engagement instigated by the HIV-uninfected partner, and varying knowledge and concern about the impacts of HIV infection and risk reduction. Findings suggest an opportunity to jointly educate and treat MSM of color in HIV-discordant relationships to improve engagement in ART and PrEP care and adherence.

艾滋病毒阳性的黑人和拉丁裔男男性行为者（MSM）在获得和参与艾滋病毒护理方面面临重大挑战。本文的研究结果是对来自佐治亚州亚特兰大的14对hiv不一致夫妇（N = 28）的分析；马里兰州巴尔的摩;芝加哥,IL);洛杉矶，加州；和华盛顿特区。进行了一小时的深度访谈。访谈采用定性内容分析方法进行分析。大多数夫妇报告了与延迟披露有关的关系恐惧，未感染艾滋病毒的伴侣鼓动参与艾滋病毒护理，以及对艾滋病毒感染影响和减少风险的不同了解和关注。研究结果表明，在艾滋病毒不和谐的关系中，有机会共同教育和治疗有色男男性行为者，以提高抗逆转录病毒治疗和PrEP护理的参与度和依从性。

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal Effects of Supported Exercise on Elevated Anxiety and Depression Scores in Formerly Sedentary Adults With Severe Obesity 支持运动对以前久坐不动的严重肥胖成年人焦虑和抑郁评分升高的纵向影响

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211056858

J. Annesi

Persistent anxiety and depression may be particularly high in individuals with obesity. Increasing exercise reliably improves mood in the general population; however, it has rarely been tested specifically in adults with severe obesity. Volunteer participants (60% women) of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral weight-management treatment with severe obesity and elevated (highest 10% based on normative values) depression (N = 89) or anxiety (N = 60) were assessed at baseline and Month 6 on measures of exercise output (overall, and whether the equivalent of three moderate sessions/week [i.e., ≥ 15 METs/week] were completed), corresponding mood, and exercise barriers self-efficacy. There were significant improvements (large effect sizes) in exercise outputs and mood. Increase in exercise outputs was significantly associated with reduced depression (β = −.52) and anxiety (β = −.67) scores. At least 15 METs/week of exercise was reached by 61% and 60% of participants, respectively. Participants demonstrated significantly greater reductions in depression and anxiety scores over 6 months than those completing lower amounts. Change in exercise barriers self-efficacy significantly mediated the following: (a) the prediction of depression change by change in exercise output and (b) the prediction of change in anxiety by completion/non-completion of ≥ 15 METs/week of exercise. Findings suggest substantial benefits for depression and anxiety in adults with severe obesity under conditions of moderate exercise supported by a community-based cognitive-behavioral treatment. Because of its identified mediation properties, future behavioral treatments should seek to increase barriers self-efficacy to maximize effects on elevated depression and anxiety and possibly weight.

持续的焦虑和抑郁在肥胖人群中可能特别高。增加锻炼确实能改善一般人群的情绪;然而，它很少在严重肥胖的成年人中进行专门的测试。以理论为基础的认知行为体重管理治疗的志愿者参与者(60%为女性)患有严重肥胖和高(根据正常值最高10%)抑郁(N = 89)或焦虑(N = 60)，在基线和第6个月评估运动输出(总体而言，是否相当于三个中等疗程/周[即≥15 METs/周]完成)，相应的情绪和运动障碍自我效能。在运动输出和情绪方面有显著的改善(大效应量)。运动输出量的增加与抑郁(β = - 0.52)和焦虑(β = - 0.67)分数的降低显著相关。分别有61%和60%的参与者达到了至少15 met /周的运动。在6个月的时间里，参与者的抑郁和焦虑得分明显比完成较低数量的参与者降低得多。运动障碍自我效能感的改变显著调节了以下因素:(a)通过运动输出量的改变预测抑郁的变化;(b)通过完成/未完成≥15 METs/周的运动预测焦虑的变化。研究结果表明，在社区认知行为治疗的支持下，适度运动对严重肥胖的成年人的抑郁和焦虑有实质性的好处。由于其已确定的中介特性，未来的行为治疗应寻求增加障碍自我效能，以最大限度地提高抑郁、焦虑和可能的体重的效果。

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引用次数: 0

Contextual Characteristics in Relation to Student Intervention in Bullying 情境特征与学生欺凌干预的关系

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211063630

Lyndsay N. Jenkins, Stone Bogart, Kayla Miskimon

The goal of the current study was to examine whether contextual characteristics of a school are related to student interventions in bullying. Specifically, participants reported their perceptions of how teachers responded to bullying, school climate, and the promotion of social emotional wellness. The study included 390 eighth to twelfth grade students from the Southeastern region of the United States. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed good model fit and measurement invariance across sex was established. Structural models indicated that for boys, perceptions of social emotional learning (SEL) promotion were positively and significantly related to their intervention in bullying. For girls, both teacher interventions and perceptions of SEL promotion were positively related to their intervention in bullying. Results suggest that characteristics of the school are important for promoting interventions in bullying among high school students.

本研究的目的是检验学校的环境特征是否与学生对欺凌的干预有关。具体来说，参与者报告了他们对教师如何应对欺凌、学校氛围和促进社会情感健康的看法。这项研究包括来自美国东南部地区的390名八年级到十二年级的学生。验证性因子分析表明，模型拟合良好，且具有跨性别的测量不变性。结构模型表明，男孩的社会情绪学习提升知觉与他们对欺凌行为的干预存在显著正相关。对于女孩来说，教师干预和SEL促进的认知都与她们对欺凌的干预呈正相关。结果表明，学校的特点对促进对高中生欺凌行为的干预具有重要意义。

引用次数: 0

The Role of Structural Gendered Racism in Effective Healthcare Utilization among Black American Women with Herpes Simplex Virus 结构性性别种族主义在感染单纯疱疹病毒的美国黑人妇女有效医疗保健利用中的作用

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211049257

Stephanie I. V. Cazeau-Bandoo, Ivy K. Ho

The sexual health of Black women has been compromised by racial and discriminatory healthcare practices from slavery through current medical and institutional barriers to care. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that identifies the link between stigma, gendered racism, and historical underpinnings that contribute to ineffective healthcare utilization of Black women diagnosed with the chronic sexually transmitted infection (STI), genital herpes. This paper also draws attention to different social factors that act as barriers to effective healthcare utilization and influence the health outcomes of Black women beyond individual factors. Using a socio-ecological framework, this paper reviews multi-level (i.e., individual, interpersonal, community, and institutional/policy) influences of the experience of genital herpes among Black women. Recommendations are provided to improve the ability of health systems and medical providers to deliver appropriate services to diverse populations, thereby improving healthcare utilization and reducing disparities for Black women.

黑人妇女的性健康受到种族歧视和歧视性保健做法的损害，从奴隶制到目前的医疗和体制障碍。本文提出了一个概念框架，确定耻辱，性别种族主义和历史基础之间的联系，有助于无效的医疗保健利用黑人妇女诊断慢性性传播感染(STI)，生殖器疱疹。本文还提请注意不同的社会因素，作为有效的医疗保健利用的障碍和影响黑人妇女的健康结果超越个人因素。使用社会生态学框架，本文回顾了黑人女性生殖器疱疹经历的多层次(即个人，人际，社区和制度/政策)影响。提出建议，以提高卫生系统和医疗提供者的能力，以提供适当的服务，以不同的人群，从而提高医疗保健利用和减少黑人妇女的差距。

引用次数: 5

What do Support Professionals do in Schools? Construction and Validation of an Instrument for Assessing Whole-School Prevention and Promotion Strategies 支持专业人员在学校做什么?全校预防与促进策略评估工具的建构与验证

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211051965

Verónica López, Dayana Olavarría, Karen Cárdenas, Sebastián Ortíz, N. Alfaro, Boris Villalobos-Parada

Education policies worldwide have encouraged the entry and permanence of nonteaching support professionals in schools. During the last decade, Chilean regulations have allowed a massive incorporation of these professionals—mostly school psychologists and social workers—in publicly funded schools. However, there is scarce evidence regarding the actions of these professionals, including whether and how they align with whole-school approaches. In this study, we constructed and validated scales to assess professional practices aligned with universal prevention and whole-school approaches deployed by nonteaching professionals in schools. Participants were 329 professionals from municipal, private subsidized, and private Chilean schools. Psychometric properties were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for construct validation and with Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. The results show that the instruments had adequate psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability, allowing the assessment of four types of practices: individual socioemotional and academic support, group socioemotional and academic support, leadership practices, and interdisciplinary collaborative practices. We argue that these practices can be theoretically organized based on whole-school prevention and promotion strategies. Preliminary mean comparisons show that the most prevalent practice is through individual supports. We highlight the need to provide sound instruments that may allow comprehensive assessments of the actions deployed by nonteaching support professionals in whole-school improvement efforts.

世界各地的教育政策都鼓励非教学支持专业人员进入学校并长期任职。在过去的十年里，智利的法规允许这些专业人士——主要是学校心理学家和社会工作者——在公立学校大规模合并。然而，很少有证据表明这些专业人员的行动，包括他们是否以及如何与全校的方法相一致。在本研究中，我们构建并验证了量表，以评估与学校非教学专业人员部署的普遍预防和全校方法相一致的专业实践。参与者是329名来自智利市政学校、私立补贴学校和私立学校的专业人士。心理测量特性通过探索性和验证性因素分析进行结构验证，并使用Cronbach 's alpha进行内部一致性分析。结果表明，这些工具在效度和信度方面具有足够的心理测量特性，可以评估四种类型的实践:个人社会情感和学术支持、群体社会情感和学术支持、领导实践和跨学科合作实践。我们认为，这些实践可以在理论上组织基于全校预防和促进策略。初步的平均数比较表明，最普遍的做法是通过个人支持。我们强调需要提供健全的工具，以便对非教学支持专业人员在全校改进工作中所采取的行动进行全面评估。

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引用次数: 1

Maternal Attentional Control Moderates the Association Between Increased Depression and Controlling Feeding Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，母亲的注意力控制调节了抑郁增加与控制喂养做法之间的关系。

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211032346

Nicole R Giuliani, Nichole R Kelly

Parental distress is associated with less healthful child feeding practices. In this preliminary study, we examined how changes in distress from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with similar changes in feeding practices in a sample of mothers of preschool-aged children. In addition, we examined how pre-pandemic laboratory measures of maternal self-regulation moderated this association. A total of 36 mothers from an ongoing study on parent and child self-regulation completed surveys assessing parental distress (i.e., maternal depression, parenting stress) and child feeding practices during pandemic-related stay-at-home orders in May-June 2020. These mothers had completed the same measures approximately 2 years earlier, along with laboratory assessments of inhibitory and attentional control. Pre-pandemic laboratory measures of attentional control significantly moderated the association between increased maternal depression and use of controlling feeding practices, such that mothers with better attentional, but not inhibitory, control scores did not show an effect of increased depression on feeding practices. These results provide preliminary evidence that acute increases in parental distress associated with "stay-at-home" orders affect feeding practices, specifically for mothers with lower levels of attentional control abilities.

父母的痛苦与较不健康的儿童喂养方式有关。在这项初步研究中，我们以学龄前儿童的母亲为样本，研究了从 COVID-19 大流行前到大流行期间，困扰的变化如何与喂养方式的类似变化相关联。此外，我们还研究了大流行前对母亲自我调节能力的实验室测量如何调节这种关联。一项正在进行的关于父母和儿童自我调节能力的研究共收集了 36 位母亲的样本，她们在 2020 年 5 月至 6 月期间完成了一项调查，评估了与大流行相关的留守儿童订单中父母的困扰（即母亲抑郁、养育压力）和儿童喂养方式。这些母亲在大约两年前完成了同样的调查，同时还完成了抑制和注意力控制的实验室评估。大流行前对注意力控制能力的实验室评估结果表明，母亲抑郁程度的增加与使用控制性喂养方法之间的关联有明显的调节作用，因此，注意力控制能力（而非抑制性控制能力）得分较高的母亲并没有表现出抑郁程度的增加对喂养方法的影响。这些结果提供了初步证据，表明与 "在家待产 "命令相关的父母抑郁情绪的急剧增加会影响喂养方式，特别是对注意力控制能力较低的母亲而言。

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引用次数: 0

DRIVEN to Change Attitudes Toward Dating Violence: Outcomes From a 6-Month Follow-Up Study 促使人们改变对约会暴力的态度:一项为期6个月的随访研究的结果

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211039158

Elizabeth Terrazas-Carrillo, Ediza Garcia, Desi Vásquez, Chiara Sabina, Amanda S. Rodriguez

While dating violence (DV) is a significant issue present on college campuses among students of all ethnic groups, research suggests that DV is preventable. As Latino representation at colleges increases, it is important to find DV prevention programs addressing specific sociocultural characteristics of this ethnic group. We created the DRIVEN (Dating Relationships Involving Violence End Now) program to fill a significant need for DV programming tailored to Latino college students. This study examines the durability of initial positive outcomes over a 6-month period. To do so, we conducted a 6-month follow-up with a total of 49 Latino college students attending a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) located on the U.S.-Mexico border. Results suggest DRIVEN outcomes were maintained on the following variables: dating violence attitudes, dating violence victimization and perpetration, and marianismo. Implications for these findings are discussed in the context of implementing group-based programs with college students.

虽然约会暴力(DV)是大学校园中所有种族学生中存在的一个重要问题，但研究表明，家庭暴力是可以预防的。随着拉丁裔在大学中的代表性增加，找到针对该种族群体特定社会文化特征的家庭暴力预防计划是很重要的。我们创建了“drive”(涉及暴力的约会关系立即结束)项目，以满足为拉丁裔大学生量身定制的DV节目的巨大需求。本研究考察了在6个月的时间里最初的积极结果的持久性。为此，我们对在位于美墨边境的西班牙裔服务机构(HSI)就读的49名拉丁裔大学生进行了为期6个月的随访。结果表明，驱动结果维持在以下变量:约会暴力态度，约会暴力受害和实施，和玛丽主义。这些发现的意义在大学生实施小组为基础的计划的背景下进行了讨论。

引用次数: 0

Self-Compassion, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors, and Psychological Well-Being in Women 自我同情、健康的生活方式行为和女性的心理健康

Journal of prevention and health promotion

Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/26320770211039214

Julie M. Koch, Julie B. Ross, Kerry M. Karaffa, Anne C. R. Rosencrans

Despite pressures on women to make healthy lifestyle choices and a bevy of constantly changing fitness trends and gadgets, national trends related to women’s health reflect a decline in wellness and serious health disparities based on race and socioeconomic status. Therefore, factors underlying women’s success in adopting and maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors continue to be an essential area for research in health promotion. Previous studies have preliminarily explored the role of self-compassion in women’s health with regard to exercise and eating although less is known about how these factors contribute to overall psychological well-being. In this study, we investigated the relationships between self-compassion, engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors, and overall psychological well-being among a sample of 340 adults from diverse backgrounds. Results supported the hypothesis that more self-compassionate women engage more frequently in healthy lifestyle behaviors and experience greater psychological well-being. Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors partially mediated the relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being, such that engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors explained a significant amount of variance in psychological well-being over and above self-compassion. Participants of underrepresented ethnic and racial groups reported higher levels of self-compassion, and higher socioeconomic status participants reported greater engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors.

尽管妇女面临着选择健康生活方式的压力，而且有一大堆不断变化的健身趋势和小工具，但与妇女健康有关的全国趋势反映出健康状况的下降，以及基于种族和社会经济地位的严重健康差异。因此，妇女成功采用和保持健康生活方式行为的基础因素仍然是促进健康研究的一个重要领域。先前的研究已经初步探讨了自我同情在女性运动和饮食健康方面的作用，尽管对这些因素如何影响整体心理健康知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们调查了340名来自不同背景的成年人的自我同情、参与健康生活方式行为和整体心理健康之间的关系。结果支持了这样的假设，即更多的自我同情的女性更频繁地参与健康的生活方式行为，并体验到更大的心理健康。参与健康的生活方式行为部分地中介了自我同情和心理健康之间的关系，因此参与健康的生活方式行为解释了心理健康在自我同情和自我同情之上的显著差异。少数民族和种族群体的参与者报告了更高水平的自我同情，社会经济地位较高的参与者报告了更多的健康生活方式行为。

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