Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1986442
F. Munir, Sohail Ahmad, S. Ullah, Ya Ping Wang
ABSTRACT Urban housing inequality is a major academic and policy concern in Pakistan, but empirical investigations and, in turn, evidence-based policy interventions are limited. This study examines the nature of housing inequalities and their determinants focusing on ethnolinguistic groups using a nationally representative household survey, where housing inequality is measured using two indicators: housing space usage (room per capita) and access to utilities (an index based on access to piped water, sewerage, cooking gas, and electricity). Results show that housing inequality by ethnicity is very high, and ethnic belonging, along with socioeconomic factors, significantly influences space consumption and access to utilities. Intersectionality between ethnicity, income, and education plays a crucial role in housing inequality. Balochi, Sindhi, and Siraiki communities have a lower potential for achieving adequate housing than other communities. To reduce housing inequalities, identified disadvantaged communities along with the economic poor should be targeted through housing policies and programmes.
{"title":"Understanding housing inequalities in urban Pakistan: An intersectionality perspective of ethnicity, income and education","authors":"F. Munir, Sohail Ahmad, S. Ullah, Ya Ping Wang","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1986442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1986442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urban housing inequality is a major academic and policy concern in Pakistan, but empirical investigations and, in turn, evidence-based policy interventions are limited. This study examines the nature of housing inequalities and their determinants focusing on ethnolinguistic groups using a nationally representative household survey, where housing inequality is measured using two indicators: housing space usage (room per capita) and access to utilities (an index based on access to piped water, sewerage, cooking gas, and electricity). Results show that housing inequality by ethnicity is very high, and ethnic belonging, along with socioeconomic factors, significantly influences space consumption and access to utilities. Intersectionality between ethnicity, income, and education plays a crucial role in housing inequality. Balochi, Sindhi, and Siraiki communities have a lower potential for achieving adequate housing than other communities. To reduce housing inequalities, identified disadvantaged communities along with the economic poor should be targeted through housing policies and programmes.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"85 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75160076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1970498
Defne Kadıoğlu
ABSTRACT This paper asks what role schools play in the gentrification process, a topic that remains understudied outside the Anglo-American context. I analyze how the discourse about schools has shaped the gentrification process in Berlin’s working-class and immigrant-dense Neukölln district. By considering the different perspectives and narratives of parents, the local government, property owners, and investors, I show that, even in a context in which education remains mainly public, schools play a crucial role in determining the housing and educational strategies of different stakeholders in the area. I argue for a more thorough engagement of European urban studies with the histories of racism and migration, in specific with the question of school segregation and territorially based ethno-racial stigma, to fully grasp the current gentrification of previously neglected neighborhoods across western European cities.
{"title":"The role of schools in the de- and revalorization of stigmatized neighborhoods: The case of Berlin-Neukölln","authors":"Defne Kadıoğlu","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1970498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1970498","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper asks what role schools play in the gentrification process, a topic that remains understudied outside the Anglo-American context. I analyze how the discourse about schools has shaped the gentrification process in Berlin’s working-class and immigrant-dense Neukölln district. By considering the different perspectives and narratives of parents, the local government, property owners, and investors, I show that, even in a context in which education remains mainly public, schools play a crucial role in determining the housing and educational strategies of different stakeholders in the area. I argue for a more thorough engagement of European urban studies with the histories of racism and migration, in specific with the question of school segregation and territorially based ethno-racial stigma, to fully grasp the current gentrification of previously neglected neighborhoods across western European cities.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"89 1","pages":"135 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75917352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1972774
Alan V. Grigsby
ABSTRACT The majority of Americans reside in suburbs and today’s suburbs are becoming more racially diverse than ever before. My research uses an ethnographic approach to investigate social life in one racially diverse suburb of Cleveland, Ohio: Shaker Heights. Specifically, I investigate how Black Americans who occupy this space—as residents, employees, and visitors—think about, describe, and participate in social life in a diverse suburb. I conclude that, although Shaker is statistically integrated, the activity spaces and social lives of Black adults do not reflect this demographic reality. The findings from this study will help researchers better understand dynamics of community life and race relations in suburbia; a neighborhood type that is both seldom explored and growing in demographic importance.
{"title":"Black activity spaces in Shaker Heights","authors":"Alan V. Grigsby","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1972774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1972774","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The majority of Americans reside in suburbs and today’s suburbs are becoming more racially diverse than ever before. My research uses an ethnographic approach to investigate social life in one racially diverse suburb of Cleveland, Ohio: Shaker Heights. Specifically, I investigate how Black Americans who occupy this space—as residents, employees, and visitors—think about, describe, and participate in social life in a diverse suburb. I conclude that, although Shaker is statistically integrated, the activity spaces and social lives of Black adults do not reflect this demographic reality. The findings from this study will help researchers better understand dynamics of community life and race relations in suburbia; a neighborhood type that is both seldom explored and growing in demographic importance.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"73 1","pages":"158 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80986219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1934201
Prentiss A. Dantzler
ABSTRACT This paper employs racial capitalism as a framework for understanding the urban process. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to center the racial character of the urban process within a broader political economy of racial capitalism and (2) to position capitalism and racism as mutually dependent systems of exploitation. The paper begins by discussing the omission of race and racism within urbanization processes. Here, the work of David Harvey is critiqued in order to highlight not only the contradictions of capitalism, but also those of Marxist scholars in understanding urban development. The paper then discusses the forms of racial capitalism through modalities of dispossession and displacement, the agents engaged in this process, and the competing ideologies that structure the urban political economy, particularly in the U.S. The paper ends with suggestions for future research to consider the constitutive nature of capitalism and racism in producing urbanization processes.
{"title":"The urban process under racial capitalism: Race, anti-Blackness, and capital accumulation","authors":"Prentiss A. Dantzler","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1934201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1934201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper employs racial capitalism as a framework for understanding the urban process. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to center the racial character of the urban process within a broader political economy of racial capitalism and (2) to position capitalism and racism as mutually dependent systems of exploitation. The paper begins by discussing the omission of race and racism within urbanization processes. Here, the work of David Harvey is critiqued in order to highlight not only the contradictions of capitalism, but also those of Marxist scholars in understanding urban development. The paper then discusses the forms of racial capitalism through modalities of dispossession and displacement, the agents engaged in this process, and the competing ideologies that structure the urban political economy, particularly in the U.S. The paper ends with suggestions for future research to consider the constitutive nature of capitalism and racism in producing urbanization processes.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"119 1","pages":"113 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75800785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1921634
Mariela Fernandez, Brandon Harris, Jeff Rose
ABSTRACT While urban greenspaces play an important role in shaping the cultural and social dimensions of cities, these spaces are also inherently political, often serving to perpetuate the exclusion and subordination of racially marginalized populations. Drawing upon critical race theory, the purpose of this research is to use narratives to highlight how race, structural racism, White privilege, and power continue to shape environmental injustices in the urban landscape. By sharing these stories, we illustrate how (a) environmental injustices stemming from structural and overt racism are often positioned as ordinary experiences, (b) the racialized state continues to foster environmental injustices in Latinx communities, and (c) how techniques of what we refer to as “greensplaining” are deployed by environmentalists and conservationists as further justification for White privilege, racialized marginalization, and processes of gentrification.
{"title":"Greensplaining environmental justice: A narrative of race, ethnicity, and justice in urban greenspace development","authors":"Mariela Fernandez, Brandon Harris, Jeff Rose","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1921634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1921634","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While urban greenspaces play an important role in shaping the cultural and social dimensions of cities, these spaces are also inherently political, often serving to perpetuate the exclusion and subordination of racially marginalized populations. Drawing upon critical race theory, the purpose of this research is to use narratives to highlight how race, structural racism, White privilege, and power continue to shape environmental injustices in the urban landscape. By sharing these stories, we illustrate how (a) environmental injustices stemming from structural and overt racism are often positioned as ordinary experiences, (b) the racialized state continues to foster environmental injustices in Latinx communities, and (c) how techniques of what we refer to as “greensplaining” are deployed by environmentalists and conservationists as further justification for White privilege, racialized marginalization, and processes of gentrification.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"45 1","pages":"210 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85456429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1908099
B. Frederick, Heather Mooney
ABSTRACT This study examines how proximate small cities in the United States that have similar socioeconomic backgrounds, disproportionately high rates of opioid overdose, but different racial demographics, narrate local experiences of the opioid epidemic. Using critical discourse analysis, we analyzed 251 local news articles from Lawrence and Lowell, Massachusetts. This comparative study highlights the racialization of space and the racializing power of space in two small city newspapers: the Eagle Tribune and the Lowell Sun. We demonstrate how (White) criminality is made sympathetic through White death, and how space is employed as a multi-valiant mechanism of colorblind racialization. We theorize the construction of a distorted and racialized “supply chain,” featuring narratives of “stock dealers” from “source cities” moving drugs into predominately White “receiver cities” populated by vulnerable “new users,” employing and producing space as a racialized frame. Ultimately, we map how familiar racialization and novel decriminalization is produced in/by local news media.
{"title":"Sixteen miles: New users, stock dealers, and racialization in small cities","authors":"B. Frederick, Heather Mooney","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1908099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1908099","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines how proximate small cities in the United States that have similar socioeconomic backgrounds, disproportionately high rates of opioid overdose, but different racial demographics, narrate local experiences of the opioid epidemic. Using critical discourse analysis, we analyzed 251 local news articles from Lawrence and Lowell, Massachusetts. This comparative study highlights the racialization of space and the racializing power of space in two small city newspapers: the Eagle Tribune and the Lowell Sun. We demonstrate how (White) criminality is made sympathetic through White death, and how space is employed as a multi-valiant mechanism of colorblind racialization. We theorize the construction of a distorted and racialized “supply chain,” featuring narratives of “stock dealers” from “source cities” moving drugs into predominately White “receiver cities” populated by vulnerable “new users,” employing and producing space as a racialized frame. Ultimately, we map how familiar racialization and novel decriminalization is produced in/by local news media.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"139 1","pages":"183 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86200803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1898293
Preston H. Smith, L. Bennett, Rob Paral
ABSTRACT Chicago’s third ghetto is a cluster of “thinned out,” outlying neighborhoods that resulted from the demolition of public housing in “second ghetto” neighborhoods surrounding the central business district. The third ghetto shares some of the characteristics of the first and second ghettos—namely, the racial and economic segregation of the resident population. However, it also reveals notable, contemporary features. While the second ghetto was not deprived of public investment such as CHA developments, schools, police stations, and other public works, the third ghetto, in contrast, is a vacuum of private and public investment. It is also increasingly separated, spatially, from neighborhoods of rising prosperity. This disinvestment has created the underlying conditions for poor and working-class Black residents to feel either heavily policed or abandoned. This article traces the national and local sources of the neoliberal urban reforms of the 1990s and 2000s that ushered in a third ghetto in Chicago.
{"title":"Making the third ghetto","authors":"Preston H. Smith, L. Bennett, Rob Paral","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1898293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1898293","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chicago’s third ghetto is a cluster of “thinned out,” outlying neighborhoods that resulted from the demolition of public housing in “second ghetto” neighborhoods surrounding the central business district. The third ghetto shares some of the characteristics of the first and second ghettos—namely, the racial and economic segregation of the resident population. However, it also reveals notable, contemporary features. While the second ghetto was not deprived of public investment such as CHA developments, schools, police stations, and other public works, the third ghetto, in contrast, is a vacuum of private and public investment. It is also increasingly separated, spatially, from neighborhoods of rising prosperity. This disinvestment has created the underlying conditions for poor and working-class Black residents to feel either heavily policed or abandoned. This article traces the national and local sources of the neoliberal urban reforms of the 1990s and 2000s that ushered in a third ghetto in Chicago.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"41 1","pages":"93 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91356357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1881416
Ivis García
ABSTRACT Although a number of scholars have studied the dynamics of migration from Puerto Rico to Chicago, which accelerated between the early 1950s and late 1960s, the story of Puerto Rican community leaders, in particular women, has been largely neglected by urban scholars. To fill this gap, oral histories utilizing the critical race theory lens were conducted with Puerto Rican women who were part of the Puerto Rican Agenda—a think tank of community leaders within the Humboldt Park area, where Puerto Ricans have concentrated historically. The oral histories covered topics from their migration story to their leadership development to their struggles creating a more just city. The counterstories of three Latina pioneras—Hilda Frontany, Aida Maisonet Giachello, and Ada Lopez—are told to highlight how their identity led them to “shape change” not only in their own lives and families but their communities and beyond.
{"title":"Advocating for Latino equity: Oral histories of Chicago women leaders","authors":"Ivis García","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1881416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1881416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although a number of scholars have studied the dynamics of migration from Puerto Rico to Chicago, which accelerated between the early 1950s and late 1960s, the story of Puerto Rican community leaders, in particular women, has been largely neglected by urban scholars. To fill this gap, oral histories utilizing the critical race theory lens were conducted with Puerto Rican women who were part of the Puerto Rican Agenda—a think tank of community leaders within the Humboldt Park area, where Puerto Ricans have concentrated historically. The oral histories covered topics from their migration story to their leadership development to their struggles creating a more just city. The counterstories of three Latina pioneras—Hilda Frontany, Aida Maisonet Giachello, and Ada Lopez—are told to highlight how their identity led them to “shape change” not only in their own lives and families but their communities and beyond.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"78 1","pages":"54 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76505997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2021.1877581
Elizabeth L. Sweet
ABSTRACT Latin American decolonial scholarship highlights the importance of time, space, and relationship variables in theoretical frameworks, notably different from white-settler philosophical underpinnings that rely on objectivity and modernity. Understanding race and gender in these frameworks has been elusive. I expand urban planning’s decolonial project to earnestly engage with race and gender through expanding dialogue with Black feminist geography scholarship. I document the intense and ongoing process of Black/Native erasure and anti-Blackness/Nativeness in Mexico. I claim that if planning practitioners understood the way that white praise and the idea of mestizo travel with Mexican communities in the U.S. along with the afterlife of colonialism, slavery, and genocide, they could link narratives of Black and Native Mexican epistemologies. Planners would be able to more effectively plan with these communities to eliminate exploitative policies and practices and bring planning theory, pedagogy, and practice closer to their decolonial, feminist, and anti-racist aspirations.
{"title":"Anti-Blackness/Nativeness and erasure in Mexico: Black feminist geographies and Latin American decolonial dialogues for U.S. urban planning","authors":"Elizabeth L. Sweet","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2021.1877581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1877581","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Latin American decolonial scholarship highlights the importance of time, space, and relationship variables in theoretical frameworks, notably different from white-settler philosophical underpinnings that rely on objectivity and modernity. Understanding race and gender in these frameworks has been elusive. I expand urban planning’s decolonial project to earnestly engage with race and gender through expanding dialogue with Black feminist geography scholarship. I document the intense and ongoing process of Black/Native erasure and anti-Blackness/Nativeness in Mexico. I claim that if planning practitioners understood the way that white praise and the idea of mestizo travel with Mexican communities in the U.S. along with the afterlife of colonialism, slavery, and genocide, they could link narratives of Black and Native Mexican epistemologies. Planners would be able to more effectively plan with these communities to eliminate exploitative policies and practices and bring planning theory, pedagogy, and practice closer to their decolonial, feminist, and anti-racist aspirations.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"62 1","pages":"78 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91035131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1847006
Katherine F. Fallon
ABSTRACT While the term gentrification in an American context often incorporates racial turnover, the role of race in gentrification remains undertheorized. Employing a critical race lens, this study explores the historical relationship between race and gentrification in academic studies. I conduct a systematic review and a discourse analysis of 331 empirical studies of gentrification from 1970–2019. Findings show that although studies frequently employ racial categories, they do so in imprecise ways, subsuming race under class. Race-based theory is rare; race is primarily used as a variable of measure to examine conflict-oriented outcomes, such as displacement. This creates oppositional and homogenizing racialized typologies of “poor minority incumbents” and “wealthy White newcomers,” which remain steady despite an increasingly complex urban landscape. I argue that this limits our ability to understand how race, class, and power operate in space and underscores the need for a more clearly defined role of race within gentrification that focuses on positionality and power in lieu of a groupist emphasis on antagonistic racial categorization.
{"title":"Reproducing race in the gentrifying city: A critical analysis of race in gentrification scholarship","authors":"Katherine F. Fallon","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1847006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1847006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the term gentrification in an American context often incorporates racial turnover, the role of race in gentrification remains undertheorized. Employing a critical race lens, this study explores the historical relationship between race and gentrification in academic studies. I conduct a systematic review and a discourse analysis of 331 empirical studies of gentrification from 1970–2019. Findings show that although studies frequently employ racial categories, they do so in imprecise ways, subsuming race under class. Race-based theory is rare; race is primarily used as a variable of measure to examine conflict-oriented outcomes, such as displacement. This creates oppositional and homogenizing racialized typologies of “poor minority incumbents” and “wealthy White newcomers,” which remain steady despite an increasingly complex urban landscape. I argue that this limits our ability to understand how race, class, and power operate in space and underscores the need for a more clearly defined role of race within gentrification that focuses on positionality and power in lieu of a groupist emphasis on antagonistic racial categorization.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76171451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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