Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1825023
D. Imbroscio
ABSTRACT As any good American urbanist knows: race matters. But precisely how does it matter? How have the pervasive and enduring modalities of racism (especially anti-Blackness) shaped the American metropolis over the last decades? Several influential attempts to answer these questions have focused heavily on racism’s momentous impacts on housing and related spatial practices. Such accounts have garnered intensified attention with the appearance of Richard Rothstein’s widely heralded The Color of Law. My central contention is that most conventional treatments of how racism impacted mid-century housing and spatial practices (including Rothstein’s) are deeply flawed. While almost obsessively centering racism as determinative, they nevertheless underestimate how fundamental it is to America’s institutions. I focus particularly on market institutions as they shape residential property values. Doing so reveals both a significant historical rereading of mid-century urban America’s highly racialized housing and spatial practices, as well as a more powerful account of ongoing racial dispossessions.
任何优秀的美国城市规划学家都知道:种族很重要。但这到底有什么关系呢?在过去的几十年里，普遍而持久的种族主义(尤其是反黑人)是如何塑造美国大都市的?回答这些问题的一些有影响力的尝试主要集中在种族主义对住房和相关空间实践的重大影响上。随着理查德·罗斯坦(Richard Rothstein)广受好评的《法律的色彩》(the Color of Law)的出版，这些说法得到了越来越多的关注。我的主要论点是，大多数关于种族主义如何影响上世纪中叶住房和空间实践的传统方法(包括罗斯坦的方法)都存在严重缺陷。尽管他们几乎痴迷地将种族主义视为决定性因素，但他们低估了种族主义对美国制度的重要性。我特别关注市场机构，因为它们塑造了住宅物业的价值。这样做既揭示了对上世纪中叶美国城市高度种族化的住房和空间实践的重要历史重读，也揭示了对持续不断的种族剥夺的更有力的描述。
{"title":"Race matters (even more than you already think): Racism, housing, and the limits of The Color of Law","authors":"D. Imbroscio","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1825023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1825023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As any good American urbanist knows: race matters. But precisely how does it matter? How have the pervasive and enduring modalities of racism (especially anti-Blackness) shaped the American metropolis over the last decades? Several influential attempts to answer these questions have focused heavily on racism’s momentous impacts on housing and related spatial practices. Such accounts have garnered intensified attention with the appearance of Richard Rothstein’s widely heralded The Color of Law. My central contention is that most conventional treatments of how racism impacted mid-century housing and spatial practices (including Rothstein’s) are deeply flawed. While almost obsessively centering racism as determinative, they nevertheless underestimate how fundamental it is to America’s institutions. I focus particularly on market institutions as they shape residential property values. Doing so reveals both a significant historical rereading of mid-century urban America’s highly racialized housing and spatial practices, as well as a more powerful account of ongoing racial dispossessions.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"6 1","pages":"29 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89935744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1793703
J. Barry, J. Agyeman
ABSTRACT With a few notable exceptions, settler-colonial theory has not been applied to the study of U.S. cities and urban planning. Settler-colonial theory is a relatively new field of scholarship that interrogates the destruction of Indigenous laws, ways of knowing, and connections to place to make way for a new settler futurity. This futurity is particularly pronounced in cities, where Indigenous peoples have been rendered almost completely invisible and where their opportunities to shape urban development are highly circumscribed. We use settler-colonial theory, as well as Indigenous scholars’ responses to it, to extend ideas of belonging and becoming in urban planning and placemaking. We turn to the theory and practice of co-production as one possible intervention into how the relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous placemakers could be conceived and enacted in the urban environment.
{"title":"On belonging and becoming in the settler-colonial city: Co-produced futurities, placemaking, and urban planning in the United States","authors":"J. Barry, J. Agyeman","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1793703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1793703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With a few notable exceptions, settler-colonial theory has not been applied to the study of U.S. cities and urban planning. Settler-colonial theory is a relatively new field of scholarship that interrogates the destruction of Indigenous laws, ways of knowing, and connections to place to make way for a new settler futurity. This futurity is particularly pronounced in cities, where Indigenous peoples have been rendered almost completely invisible and where their opportunities to shape urban development are highly circumscribed. We use settler-colonial theory, as well as Indigenous scholars’ responses to it, to extend ideas of belonging and becoming in urban planning and placemaking. We turn to the theory and practice of co-production as one possible intervention into how the relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous placemakers could be conceived and enacted in the urban environment.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"1 1","pages":"22 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90654439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1798204
H. Taylor
The life chances of Blacks are tied to their experiences in central city neighborhoods (Sampson et al., 2002). To understand why African Americans have made minimal economic progress since the civi...
黑人的生活机会与他们在中心城市社区的经历有关(Sampson et al.， 2002)。要理解为什么非裔美国人自民权运动以来取得的经济进步微乎其微……
{"title":"Disrupting market-based predatory development: Race, class, and the underdevelopment of Black neighborhoods in the U.S.","authors":"H. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1798204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1798204","url":null,"abstract":"The life chances of Blacks are tied to their experiences in central city neighborhoods (Sampson et al., 2002). To understand why African Americans have made minimal economic progress since the civi...","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"24 1","pages":"16 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77952572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1818536
A. Brand, K. Lowe, Em Hall
ABSTRACT This article analyzes case studies of the H Street Streetcar in Washington, DC, and the Rampart Streetcar in New Orleans, two newly built U.S. streetcars that are part of a national trend of modern streetcar investments. We situate these investments within state-led gentrification that exacerbates racial disparities by expanding White privilege in Black neighborhoods and reshaping racial geographies. While supporters rationalize streetcars as economic development strategies, we contextualize modern streetcars within a broader framework of colorblind neoliberalism. We advance the concept of colorblind transit planning to codify a critique of current practices and advance an argument that colorblind transit planning minimizes the ongoing salience of institutionalized racism and exacerbates existing racial geographies and experiences of race, symbolically and materially reproducing a city of exclusion. Our findings caution against further public investment in streetcars, as they contribute to state-led gentrification and private accumulation, rather than address unequal modern public transit systems.
{"title":"Colorblind transit planning: Modern streetcars in Washington, DC, and New Orleans","authors":"A. Brand, K. Lowe, Em Hall","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1818536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1818536","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes case studies of the H Street Streetcar in Washington, DC, and the Rampart Streetcar in New Orleans, two newly built U.S. streetcars that are part of a national trend of modern streetcar investments. We situate these investments within state-led gentrification that exacerbates racial disparities by expanding White privilege in Black neighborhoods and reshaping racial geographies. While supporters rationalize streetcars as economic development strategies, we contextualize modern streetcars within a broader framework of colorblind neoliberalism. We advance the concept of colorblind transit planning to codify a critique of current practices and advance an argument that colorblind transit planning minimizes the ongoing salience of institutionalized racism and exacerbates existing racial geographies and experiences of race, symbolically and materially reproducing a city of exclusion. Our findings caution against further public investment in streetcars, as they contribute to state-led gentrification and private accumulation, rather than address unequal modern public transit systems.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"201 1","pages":"87 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76021444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1797600
C. Hansen
ABSTRACT This paper examines relations between radical left activists with citizenship and migrants in precarious conditions. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2013–2016 in the city of Malmö, an important site of pro-migrant and anti-racist activism in Sweden. Examples discussed in the paper concern the prevalence of highly educated women among the activists, the engagement of LGBTQ activists, and the fact that many activists themselves have migrant backgrounds. The alliances, friendships, and alternative structures they forge are analyzed with regard to two groups of precarious migrants in Malmö: the so-called undocumented migrants; and the Roma migrants from southeastern Europe. The paper shows how radical activism contributes to a solidarity-based ethnic diversity in the city that opposes the growing anti-immigrant stance in Sweden on the national level.
{"title":"Alliances, friendships, and alternative structures: Solidarity among radical left activists and precarious migrants in Malmö","authors":"C. Hansen","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1797600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1797600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines relations between radical left activists with citizenship and migrants in precarious conditions. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2013–2016 in the city of Malmö, an important site of pro-migrant and anti-racist activism in Sweden. Examples discussed in the paper concern the prevalence of highly educated women among the activists, the engagement of LGBTQ activists, and the fact that many activists themselves have migrant backgrounds. The alliances, friendships, and alternative structures they forge are analyzed with regard to two groups of precarious migrants in Malmö: the so-called undocumented migrants; and the Roma migrants from southeastern Europe. The paper shows how radical activism contributes to a solidarity-based ethnic diversity in the city that opposes the growing anti-immigrant stance in Sweden on the national level.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"17 1","pages":"67 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81377040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1795488
M. Owens
The urban world is a world of police. From city to city, regardless of country, whether controlled by localities or national governments, whether detached from the military or a unit of it, the pol...
{"title":"The urban world is a world of police","authors":"M. Owens","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1795488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1795488","url":null,"abstract":"The urban world is a world of police. From city to city, regardless of country, whether controlled by localities or national governments, whether detached from the military or a unit of it, the pol...","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"55 1","pages":"11 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79498498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1814592
Marvin Rees, A. Craig
In Bristol’s One City Plan (first launched in 2019 and updated in March 2020), the city committed to a vision of freedom from racism and prejudice by 2050 (Bristol One City, 2020a, p. 44). This is ...
{"title":"Why leadership matters and how the One City approach is fundamentally important for encountering institutional racism","authors":"Marvin Rees, A. Craig","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1814592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1814592","url":null,"abstract":"In Bristol’s One City Plan (first launched in 2019 and updated in March 2020), the city committed to a vision of freedom from racism and prejudice by 2050 (Bristol One City, 2020a, p. 44). This is ...","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"1 1","pages":"109 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82150914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1831893
J. DeFilippis, Benjamin F. Teresa
ABSTRACT The literature on planning in immigrant communities has been one based on the premise that immigrants are different from native-born people, and therefore planning for immigrant communities must therefore also be different. In this article, we challenge that premise through a discussion of a set of neighborhood developments and conflicts in Queens, New York, the most diverse county in the United States. We root those conflicts not in different cultural practices, but in the working of racial capitalism. The stories in Queens are stories not of conflicts of identity, they are conflicts of class; even if those class conflicts are inherently racialized.
{"title":"Why do we always talk about immigrants with a language of “difference”? Neighborhood change and conflicts in Queens, New York","authors":"J. DeFilippis, Benjamin F. Teresa","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1831893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1831893","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The literature on planning in immigrant communities has been one based on the premise that immigrants are different from native-born people, and therefore planning for immigrant communities must therefore also be different. In this article, we challenge that premise through a discussion of a set of neighborhood developments and conflicts in Queens, New York, the most diverse county in the United States. We root those conflicts not in different cultural practices, but in the working of racial capitalism. The stories in Queens are stories not of conflicts of identity, they are conflicts of class; even if those class conflicts are inherently racialized.","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"20 1","pages":"42 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88546002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1787755
Margaret Wilder
In the spring of 2020, urban populations and landscapes across the globe were shaken to the core by a series of sweeping and devastating crises, notably the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic an...
{"title":"The enduring significance of race and ethnicity in urban communities","authors":"Margaret Wilder","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1787755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1787755","url":null,"abstract":"In the spring of 2020, urban populations and landscapes across the globe were shaken to the core by a series of sweeping and devastating crises, notably the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic an...","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"81 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76866216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/26884674.2020.1787754
Y. Beebeejaun, A. Modarres
We write this editorial as the founding editors of the Journal of Race, Ethnicity and the City. The launch of the journal takes place in the midst of a global pandemic and ongoing widespread protes...
{"title":"Race, ethnicity and the city","authors":"Y. Beebeejaun, A. Modarres","doi":"10.1080/26884674.2020.1787754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1787754","url":null,"abstract":"We write this editorial as the founding editors of the Journal of Race, Ethnicity and the City. The launch of the journal takes place in the midst of a global pandemic and ongoing widespread protes...","PeriodicalId":73921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of race, ethnicity and the city","volume":"1 1","pages":"6 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79432931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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