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Recovery-informed Theory: Situating the Subjective in the Science of Substance Use Disorder Recovery 康复知情理论:物质使用障碍康复科学中的主体定位
Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.13.2019.38
A. Brown, R. Ashford
As recovery from substance use disorder becomes more than a mere quantifiable outcome, there exists a need to discuss and propose the underlying theoretical constructs that ultimately describe and identify the science of recovery. In this abstract undertaking, we propose an initial formulation of a grand theory of recovery science, built upon the seminal theories of recovery capital, recovery-oriented systems of care, and socioecological theory. This grand theory - labeled recovery-informed theory (RIT) - states that successful long-term recovery is self-evident and is a fundamentally emancipatory set of processes. This paper will discuss, analyze, and explore this theory as it is situated within the larger substance use, misuse, and disorder contexts. The uses, implications, and benefits of RIT as an organizing point of inquiry for recovery science are also discussed. By promoting the role of subjective recovery experience in the formulation of the study of recovery, it may be possible to summon new ideas, metrics, and strategies that can directly address substance use disorders in society. Adopting a recovery-informed understanding as follows from this grand theory may allow individual recovery and wellness trajectories to be explored, adapted, and modified to exemplify person-centered and individualized recovery strategies.
随着药物使用障碍的康复不仅仅是一个可量化的结果,有必要讨论和提出最终描述和确定康复科学的基本理论结构。在这项抽象的任务中,我们提出了一个初步的恢复科学理论,该理论建立在恢复资本、以恢复为导向的护理系统和社会生态学理论的开创性理论之上。这个被称为恢复知情理论(RIT)的伟大理论指出,成功的长期恢复是不言自明的,是一套从根本上解放的过程。本文将讨论、分析和探索这一理论,因为它位于更大的物质使用、滥用和混乱的背景下。还讨论了RIT作为回收科学组织调查点的用途、含义和好处。通过促进主观康复经验在制定康复研究中的作用,可能会提出新的想法、指标和策略,直接解决社会中的物质使用障碍。根据这一伟大理论,采用以下康复知情理解,可以探索、调整和修改个人康复和健康轨迹,以体现以人为中心的个性化康复策略。
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引用次数: 17
GRATITUDE WHILE DRINKING, GRATITUDE WHILE RECOVERING: A STUDY OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS. 饮酒时的感恩,恢复时的感恩:一项酒精使用障碍的研究。
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.31886/jors.13.2019.39
Amy R Krentzman, Michael T M Finn

Background: For decades researchers have debated whether those diagnosed with alcohol use disorders can return to non-problematic drinking. Now, recovery researchers are measuring aspects of wellbeing in addition to aspects of pathology, producing surprising findings that have added to the debate. Recent studies show that some with alcohol use disorders who continue to drink endorse high levels of positive psychosocial functioning.

Objectives: Employ trait gratitude as a marker of wellness to answer the following questions: how do individuals who continue to drink but endorse high gratitude at follow-up differ from peers at baseline? Does trait gratitude correlate differently with demographic, psychosocial, and clinical factors for abstinent members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) versus actively drinking non-AAs?

Methods: 275 individuals with alcohol dependence were assessed for trait gratitude at 2.5-3-year follow-up in a naturalistic, longitudinal study. The sample was assessed on psychosocial and clinical indicators at baseline and follow-up.

Results: Drinkers who endorsed high gratitude had higher socioeconomic status, greater levels of positive spirituality, more stable personality indicators, less addiction severity, fewer negative life events, and fewer psychiatric symptoms than their peers at baseline. For actively drinking non-AAs, trait gratitude correlated differently, and positively, with years of education, income, and purpose in life compared with sober AA members. For AA members, gratitude correlated with AA involvement and length of sobriety.

Discussion: Across multiple domains, a subset of drinkers report doing relatively well despite meeting criteria for alcohol dependence. Trait gratitude correlates differently with other constructs for AAs versus non-AAs, indicating that gratitude for recovery might be contextually sensitive, operating differently within and without the structure of AA.

背景:几十年来,研究人员一直在争论那些被诊断为酒精使用障碍的人是否可以重新开始无问题的饮酒。现在,康复研究人员在衡量病理学的同时,也在衡量幸福感的各个方面,得出了令人惊讶的发现,这些发现加剧了这场辩论。最近的研究表明,一些有酒精使用障碍的人继续饮酒,表明他们的积极心理社会功能水平很高。目的:利用感恩特质作为健康的标志来回答以下问题:在随访中继续饮酒但高度感恩的个体与基线时的同龄人有何不同?对于戒酒的匿名戒酒会(AA)成员和积极饮酒的非匿名戒酒会成员来说,感恩特质与人口学、社会心理和临床因素的关联是否不同?方法:在一项自然主义的纵向研究中,对275名酒精依赖者进行了2.5-3年的随访评估。在基线和随访时对样本进行社会心理和临床指标评估。结果:与基线水平的同龄人相比,高度感恩的饮酒者具有更高的社会经济地位,更高水平的积极精神,更稳定的人格指标,更少的成瘾严重程度,更少的负面生活事件和更少的精神症状。与清醒的匿名戒酒会成员相比,积极饮酒的非匿名戒酒会成员的感恩特质与受教育年限、收入和生活目标呈正相关。对于嗜酒者互诫协会的成员来说,感激之情与嗜酒者互诫协会的参与程度和清醒时间长短相关。讨论:在多个领域,尽管符合酒精依赖的标准,但饮酒者的一小部分报告表现相对较好。特质感恩与其他构念的相关性不同,表明对康复的感恩可能是情境敏感的,在AA结构内和非AA结构外的运作方式不同。
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引用次数: 3
Community Colleges: The Next Frontier of Recovery Support at Institutions of Higher Education 社区学院:高等教育机构恢复支持的下一个前沿
Pub Date : 2018-09-22 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.12.2018.27
Erin K Jones
In 2016, TYR could identify only six community colleges offering recovery support programs and services. Based on this finding, TYR identified a need for pilot programs to better understand programmatic models that may be effective for supporting students in recovery at community colleges. TYR’s Bridging the Gap grant program supports these pilot programs and is intended to act as a catalyst for building capacity for recovery support on community college campuses across the U.S. The goal of the program is two-fold; first, to help more 2-year institutions initiate recovery support programs and services and second, to study what programs and services are viewed as helpful and useful to students in recovery so that best practices can be shared as the field develops. This session provided a recap of TYR’s 2016 research, observations from Year 1 of the grant program, and a discussion on survey responses on institutional attitudes and student engagement in recovery support on 2-year campuses.
2016年,TYR只能确定六所提供康复支持项目和服务的社区学院。基于这一发现,TYR认为有必要开展试点项目,以更好地了解可能有效支持社区大学学生康复的项目模式。TYR的“弥合差距”资助项目支持这些试点项目,旨在促进全美社区大学校园恢复支持能力的建设。首先,帮助更多的两年制院校启动康复支持项目和服务;其次,研究哪些项目和服务被认为对康复中的学生有帮助和有用,以便随着该领域的发展,分享最佳实践。本次会议回顾了TYR 2016年的研究、资助项目第一年的观察结果,并讨论了两年制校园中机构态度和学生参与康复支持的调查结果。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrition for Substance Use Disorder Recovery: The Gut-Brain Axis 营养促进物质使用障碍的恢复:肠脑轴
Pub Date : 2018-09-22 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.12.2018.10
D. Wiss
With substance use disorder rates rising, there is an urgent need for new and effective treatment modalities. The utilization of nutrition services in addiction treatment has not been standardized, but there is a growing trend towards incorporating registered dietitian nutritionists into the treatment team. This comprehensive overview explores the impact of alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioids on nutritional status. This presentation places particular emphasis on gut health, microbiome, and associated neural interactions. Homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms of eating behavior are discussed in the context of eating disorders and food addiction. Given the current crisis of addictive disorders, consideration should be given to prioritizing efforts to improve eating habits and overall health in recovery programs. Guidelines for nutrition interventions will be proposed, and a summary of where more information is needed will point towards future directions.
随着药物使用障碍发病率的上升,迫切需要新的有效治疗方式。成瘾治疗中营养服务的使用尚未标准化,但将注册营养师纳入治疗团队的趋势越来越大。本综述探讨了酒精、可卡因、甲基苯丙胺和阿片类药物对营养状况的影响。本报告特别强调肠道健康、微生物组和相关的神经相互作用。在饮食失调和食物成瘾的背景下,讨论了饮食行为的稳态和享乐机制。鉴于目前成瘾性疾病的危机,应考虑在康复计划中优先努力改善饮食习惯和整体健康。将提出营养干预的指导方针,需要更多信息的地方的摘要将指明未来的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Findings from Transforming Youth Recovery’s 2017 Recovery Census 转型青年复苏2017年复苏普查结果
Pub Date : 2018-09-22 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.12.2018.31
Erin K Jones
In 2013, Transforming Youth Recovery (TYR) published the 38 Assets for Building Collegiate Recovery Capacity as a guide for its early stage grant program, Seeds of Hope. In 2014 and 2015, TYR surveyed its network of grantees to further validate the initial findings. In 2017, TYR undertook new efforts to understand the diverse types of support programs and services being offered to students in recovery at institutions of higher education. In late 2017 and early 2018, TYR spent time conducting research to: (1) Validate the assumption that institutions of higher education are offering diverse types of prevention, treatment, and recovery support programs and services for students, (2) Offer an expanded definitional framework for school-based recovery support services in higher education to assist in the classification of these resources for enhanced access by students and their families, and (3) Update census data on collegiate recovery programs and services in the U.S. This session covered the findings of this research, which included responses from 118 unique institutions of higher education to the Collegiate Recovery Census. These findings provide the most comprehensive census the field has to date.
2013年,转型青年康复组织(TYR)出版了《38项建立大学康复能力的资产》,作为其早期资助项目“希望种子”的指南。2014年和2015年,TYR对其受赠人网络进行了调查,以进一步验证初步发现。2017年,TYR做出了新的努力,以了解高等教育机构为康复学生提供的各种支持计划和服务。2017年末和2018年初,TYR花时间进行了研究:(1)验证高等教育机构为学生提供各种类型的预防、治疗和康复支持计划和服务的假设,(2)为高等教育中以学校为基础的康复支持服务提供一个扩展的定义框架,以帮助对这些资源进行分类,以提高学生及其家人的使用率,以及(3)更新美国大学康复计划和服务的人口普查数据。本次会议涵盖了这项研究的结果,其中包括118所独特的高等教育机构对大学恢复普查的答复。这些发现提供了该领域迄今为止最全面的人口普查。
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引用次数: 0
Starting a Sober Dorm: Year One Challenges, Successes and Lessons Learned 开始一个清醒的宿舍:第一年的挑战,成功和经验教训
Pub Date : 2018-09-22 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.12.2018.36
Sierra Castedo, John Harris
This presentation is an examination of the pilot year of the Healthy Lifestyles Living Learning Community (HL LLC) substance-free housing option for incoming first year students sponsored by The Center for Students in Recovery at The University of Texas at Austin. Presenters will contextualize the history and unfulfilled need for recovery and sober student housing on the UT Austin campus, and will explore the development and implementation of a sober dorm from inception through the end of year one. Attendees will hear a candid assessment of expectations versus realities across multiple domains, including: the application process; selection of an initial cohort; the design and implementation of programming; the challenges of group cohesion and resident assistant empowerment; budget constraints; overall lessons learned; and considerations moving into year two.
本演示文稿是对德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校康复学生中心为即将入学的一年级学生提供的健康生活方式生活学习社区(HL LLC)无物质住房选项试点年的一次审查。主讲人将讲述UT Austin校区的历史和未满足的康复和清醒学生住房需求,并将探索清醒宿舍从开始到一年级结束的开发和实施。与会者将听取对多个领域的期望与现实的坦诚评估,包括:申请流程;选择初始队列;编程的设计和实现;群体凝聚力和赋予驻地助理权力方面的挑战;预算限制;总体经验教训;以及进入第二年的考虑。
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引用次数: 0
The Neuroscience of High-Risk Behavior: Implications for Prevention & Treatment in Youth 高危行为的神经科学:对青少年预防和治疗的影响
Pub Date : 2018-09-22 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.12.2018.33
Crystal Collier
The average age of first use of alcohol for teen boys is 11 and 13 for teen girls. The average age of first exposure to pornography is 9. More teens are suffering from depression than any other time in our history due to too much screen time. Cyberbullying peaks in the 6th grade. What is happening in our culture and to our children’s neurodevelopment as a result of it? Engaging in high-risk behavior as a teen increases the chance of struggling with addiction as an adult by up to 90% due neurodevelopmental exposure and priming of the mesolimbic reward system. The Neuroscience of High-Risk Behavior elucidates how substances and other risky behavior, such as technology overuse, affect healthy neurodevelopment and how these effects impair adult functioning as well as implications for prevention and treatment. Practical, every-day parenting solutions and clinical techniques will be discussed.
男孩首次饮酒的平均年龄为11岁,女孩为13岁。第一次接触色情制品的平均年龄是9岁。由于太多的屏幕时间,患抑郁症的青少年比我们历史上任何时候都多。网络欺凌在六年级达到高峰。我们的文化中发生了什么,我们孩子的神经发育也因此发生了什么?由于神经发育暴露和中边缘奖励系统的启动,青少年时期从事高风险行为会使成年后与成瘾作斗争的机会增加90%。《高危行为神经科学》阐明了物质和其他危险行为,如技术过度使用,如何影响健康的神经发育,这些影响如何损害成年人的功能,以及对预防和治疗的影响。将讨论实用的日常育儿解决方案和临床技术。
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引用次数: 0
POP-UP: University and Community Collaborations Towards Addressing Youth Substance Misuse POP-UP:大学和社区合作解决青少年药物滥用问题
Pub Date : 2018-09-22 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.12.2018.28
Sierra Castedo, J. McElrath
This presentation shares the process and findings of a funded interdisciplinary project involving researchers engaging in the difficult integrative dialogues to incorporate findings from diverse areas of research and practice. This interdisciplinary project, part of the Pop-Up Institute initiative at UT Austin, brought together researchers, community partners, peers, and students for one year to foster the kind of collaborative deconstruction of silos that is essential to the progression of the addiction recovery field. Results, lessons learned, and future directions gleaned from the Pop-Up Institute's year of activities will be discussed during this presentation.
本报告分享了一个资助的跨学科项目的过程和发现,该项目涉及研究人员进行困难的综合对话,以整合来自不同研究和实践领域的发现。这个跨学科项目是德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校Pop-Up研究所倡议的一部分,它将研究人员、社区合作伙伴、同龄人和学生聚集在一起,用一年的时间来促进对成瘾康复领域发展至关重要的协作式解构。从Pop-Up研究所一年的活动中收集的结果、经验教训和未来方向将在本次演讲中进行讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Collegiate Recovery Programs and Treatment Providers: Supporting Outcomes, Not Admissions 大学康复计划和治疗提供者:支持结果,而不是录取
Pub Date : 2018-09-22 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.12.2018.26
Sierra Castedo, N. Doorn
Collegiate Recovery Programs (CRPs), rooted in slow-moving academic institutions, can be contrasted with relatively fast-moving private treatment entities, and this contrast has great potential for both conflict and mutual benefit. Conflict may arise from a misunderstanding about the role of CRPs in the continuum of care - frequently thought to be a referral source, when, in fact, they work best as a post-treatment resource, improving outcomes for students in recovery. Young adults are the fastest growing demographic seeking treatment for substance use disorders, and, because of this changing age profile, more treatment entities are seeking to serve young adults and coming into contact with CRPs. This presentation explores the nuances and ethical challenges facing those interactions and describes the benefits of collaboration when pursued thoughtfully. The experiences of a CRP and a sober living/IOP facility in Austin, Texas will also be presented as a framework for collaboration.
根植于行动缓慢的学术机构的大学康复计划(CRPs)可以与相对快速的私人治疗实体形成对比,这种对比具有巨大的冲突和互利的潜力。冲突可能源于对crp在持续护理中的作用的误解-通常被认为是转诊来源,而实际上,它们作为治疗后资源发挥最佳作用,改善康复学生的结果。年轻人是寻求药物使用障碍治疗的人口增长最快的群体,而且,由于这种年龄结构的变化,更多的治疗实体正在寻求为年轻人服务,并与crp接触。本演讲探讨了这些互动所面临的细微差别和伦理挑战,并描述了在深思熟虑的情况下进行合作的好处。CRP和德克萨斯州奥斯汀的清醒生活/IOP设施的经验也将作为合作框架提出。
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引用次数: 0
Where do we come from, where are we now, and where are we going? The Evolution of Collegiate Recovery Science 我们从哪里来,我们现在在哪里,我们要去哪里?大学康复科学的发展
Pub Date : 2018-09-22 DOI: 10.31886/JORS.12.2018.37
R. Ashford, A. Brown, T. Kimball
Attendees will be provided with a brief history/timeline of collegiate recovery as a field, through the lens of research (with a focus on the explosive growth in knowledge in the last decade). This initial presentation will be followed by a synopsis of the current state of collegiate recovery science, focusing on recent studies in the field (CRP alumni survey; meta-reviews; and any large impact studies published in the last year up to month of the conference). The session will end with a presentation on the directions for the future, making clear calls that not only does the research need to continue and in what suggested ways, but also serving to inspire students to engage in the process as they are our best hope to continue the work in innovative ways we haven't thought of. The current landscape of collegiate recovery research and recovery science overall. Additionally, attendees will be able to describe future directions for this type of inquiry.  
与会者将通过研究的视角(重点关注过去十年知识的爆炸性增长),了解大学康复作为一个领域的简要历史/时间表。在最初的演讲之后,将简要介绍大学康复科学的现状,重点介绍该领域的最新研究(CRP校友调查;元综述;以及会议最后一年至当月发表的任何大型影响研究)。会议将以一场关于未来方向的演讲结束,明确呼吁不仅需要继续研究以及以建议的方式进行研究,而且有助于激励学生参与这一过程,因为他们是我们以创新的方式继续工作的最大希望。大学康复研究和康复科学的整体现状。此外,与会者将能够描述此类调查的未来方向。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of recovery science
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