In cancer drug discovery, 3D approaches have been implemented over the last years to model the complex tumor architecture and the heterogenous components of the tumor microenvironment. Cutaneous melanoma represents a cancer of substantial unmet need with steadily growing incidence. Bioengineering techniques are increasingly applied to design melanoma-specific models. Here, we summarize how extracellular and cellular elements of the melanoma tumor microenvironment have been studied in 3D cell culture models. We review the benefits of such models and address their limitations and future perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Recent developments of 3D models of the tumor microenvironment for cutaneous melanoma: Bridging the gap between the bench and the bedside?","authors":"J. M. Hölken, N. Teusch","doi":"10.15761/JTS.1000388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/JTS.1000388","url":null,"abstract":"In cancer drug discovery, 3D approaches have been implemented over the last years to model the complex tumor architecture and the heterogenous components of the tumor microenvironment. Cutaneous melanoma represents a cancer of substantial unmet need with steadily growing incidence. Bioengineering techniques are increasingly applied to design melanoma-specific models. Here, we summarize how extracellular and cellular elements of the melanoma tumor microenvironment have been studied in 3D cell culture models. We review the benefits of such models and address their limitations and future perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"807 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67491531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mangarova D, Brangsch J, Möckel J, Kader A, Kaufmann Jo, Ludwig A, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Makowski Mr
Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology of the majority of cardiovascular events in the Western world. It is well established that both the cellular and extracellular components of the arterial wall undergo morphological changes during plaque development. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a network of various macromolecules such as collagen, proteoglycans, elastin and fibrin, not only provides structural support for the vessel wall, but plays also a key role for biological signaling and cell interactions. Current standard clinical imaging modalities are limited to detecting anatomical changes in atherosclerosis. In recent years, molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a promising in vivo alternative. Molecular MRI enables the visualization of biological changes in the formation and progression of plaques and the development of novel ECM-targeting MRI contrast agents has been on the rise. This review presents a summary of the recent advancements in the field of molecular probes for ECM imaging in the context of atherosclerosis.
{"title":"Current trends in molecular magnetic resonance imaging of the extracellular matrix in atherosclerosis","authors":"Mangarova D, Brangsch J, Möckel J, Kader A, Kaufmann Jo, Ludwig A, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Makowski Mr","doi":"10.15761/JTS.1000393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/JTS.1000393","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology of the majority of cardiovascular events in the Western world. It is well established that both the cellular and extracellular components of the arterial wall undergo morphological changes during plaque development. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a network of various macromolecules such as collagen, proteoglycans, elastin and fibrin, not only provides structural support for the vessel wall, but plays also a key role for biological signaling and cell interactions. Current standard clinical imaging modalities are limited to detecting anatomical changes in atherosclerosis. In recent years, molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a promising in vivo alternative. Molecular MRI enables the visualization of biological changes in the formation and progression of plaques and the development of novel ECM-targeting MRI contrast agents has been on the rise. This review presents a summary of the recent advancements in the field of molecular probes for ECM imaging in the context of atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67491707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many biological processes and their altered expression is reported in many diseases including cancer [1-5], diabetes [6-8], and liver fibrosis [9-11]. They are never translated but manipulate gene expression by base-pairing with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs. Firstly, they were discovered as a short RNA produced by the lin-4 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans which represses the lin-14 mRNA. Initially, it was thought that they are unique only to nematodes but now it is well demonstrated that they are abundant in the diverse animal kingdom. It is also well established that they are involved in every cellular process including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. More than 60% of protein-coding genes in the human harbor’s miRNA target site [12]. In cancer, they can be oncomirs (oncogenes), tumor suppressors, prognostic markers, or therapeutic target. Since the expression pattern of miRNAs are highly specific, and functionally they regulate at the epigenetic level in genome, they are attractive biomarkers in medical research. These relatively new class of gene regulators has opened a new direction for drug discovery. Interest in miRNA-based therapy is now growing rapidly and literature is getting enriched with novel miRNAs and their
{"title":"Reducing false positive prediction of miRNA target genes with RNA sequencing: Hype or hope","authors":"Vinod Kumar","doi":"10.15761/jts.1000409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jts.1000409","url":null,"abstract":"The microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many biological processes and their altered expression is reported in many diseases including cancer [1-5], diabetes [6-8], and liver fibrosis [9-11]. They are never translated but manipulate gene expression by base-pairing with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs. Firstly, they were discovered as a short RNA produced by the lin-4 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans which represses the lin-14 mRNA. Initially, it was thought that they are unique only to nematodes but now it is well demonstrated that they are abundant in the diverse animal kingdom. It is also well established that they are involved in every cellular process including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. More than 60% of protein-coding genes in the human harbor’s miRNA target site [12]. In cancer, they can be oncomirs (oncogenes), tumor suppressors, prognostic markers, or therapeutic target. Since the expression pattern of miRNAs are highly specific, and functionally they regulate at the epigenetic level in genome, they are attractive biomarkers in medical research. These relatively new class of gene regulators has opened a new direction for drug discovery. Interest in miRNA-based therapy is now growing rapidly and literature is getting enriched with novel miRNAs and their","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67492242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Mans, J. Pawirodihardjo, M. Djotaroeno, P. Friperson
Many breakthrough drugs have been developed from plants with medicinal properties on the basis of ethnopharmacological information. In the search for structurally novel and mechanistically unique lead compounds, drug discovery and development progams are now also paying attention to the myriad of bioactive molecules provided by the animal biodiversity. A well-known example emerging from these efforts is the breakthrough angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Captopril has been developed as an analogue of bradykinin in the venom of the Brazilian pit viper Bothrops jararaca (Viperidae) following the observation that the latter agent lowered blood pressure by vasodilation. In the mean time, dozens of clinically useful and potentially therapaeutically applicable compounds from animal origin have been identified. The skin gland secretions of amphibians have been refined during millions of years of evolution to highly efficient defensive chemicals. These compounds have remarkable pharmacological activities and may also represent a treasure chest of potentially novel drugs against pathophysiological conditions. This paper addresses the importance of bioactive compounds in the skin secretions of frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians, and elaborates on the therapeutic potential of some of them as anti-alzheimer, cardiotonic, antidiabetic, anti-HIV, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic compounds.
{"title":"Exploring the global animal biodiversity in the search for new drugs -Amphibians","authors":"D. Mans, J. Pawirodihardjo, M. Djotaroeno, P. Friperson","doi":"10.15761/jts.1000411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jts.1000411","url":null,"abstract":"Many breakthrough drugs have been developed from plants with medicinal properties on the basis of ethnopharmacological information. In the search for structurally novel and mechanistically unique lead compounds, drug discovery and development progams are now also paying attention to the myriad of bioactive molecules provided by the animal biodiversity. A well-known example emerging from these efforts is the breakthrough angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Captopril has been developed as an analogue of bradykinin in the venom of the Brazilian pit viper Bothrops jararaca (Viperidae) following the observation that the latter agent lowered blood pressure by vasodilation. In the mean time, dozens of clinically useful and potentially therapaeutically applicable compounds from animal origin have been identified. The skin gland secretions of amphibians have been refined during millions of years of evolution to highly efficient defensive chemicals. These compounds have remarkable pharmacological activities and may also represent a treasure chest of potentially novel drugs against pathophysiological conditions. This paper addresses the importance of bioactive compounds in the skin secretions of frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians, and elaborates on the therapeutic potential of some of them as anti-alzheimer, cardiotonic, antidiabetic, anti-HIV, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic compounds.","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67492417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oury Chocron, S. Aybek, A. Paraschiv-Ionescu, K. Aminian, F. Vingerhoets, A. Berney
Specific scales have been validated for clinical assessment of psychomotor retardation in depression [4,5], but have the disadvantage of being observer dependent. Objective measurements were developed [6], but most of them need an in-laboratory setting and only capture data in a testing condition. However, depressive symptoms are known to present diurnal fluctuations [7]. To overcome this problem, actigraphic measurements have been used to monitor motor activity in a “real life” setting [8]. Although actigraphic measurements provide data on the number of movements per epoch, they do not measure speed of movements. Altogether, a recent review [3] concluded that data on the status of psychomotor retardation in depression are still fragmentary and confirm the need of further quantitative and qualitative investigations. More advanced methods for objective motor assessment may allow improving our understanding of motor alterations in depression.
{"title":"Measuring real life motor activity in depression","authors":"Oury Chocron, S. Aybek, A. Paraschiv-Ionescu, K. Aminian, F. Vingerhoets, A. Berney","doi":"10.15761/jts.1000412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jts.1000412","url":null,"abstract":"Specific scales have been validated for clinical assessment of psychomotor retardation in depression [4,5], but have the disadvantage of being observer dependent. Objective measurements were developed [6], but most of them need an in-laboratory setting and only capture data in a testing condition. However, depressive symptoms are known to present diurnal fluctuations [7]. To overcome this problem, actigraphic measurements have been used to monitor motor activity in a “real life” setting [8]. Although actigraphic measurements provide data on the number of movements per epoch, they do not measure speed of movements. Altogether, a recent review [3] concluded that data on the status of psychomotor retardation in depression are still fragmentary and confirm the need of further quantitative and qualitative investigations. More advanced methods for objective motor assessment may allow improving our understanding of motor alterations in depression.","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67492438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack Wan Hei, Wan-Ching Hung, Zhang Yanbo, Zhangwei Zhang
{"title":"Dendrobium in Diabetes: A comprehensive review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety","authors":"Jack Wan Hei, Wan-Ching Hung, Zhang Yanbo, Zhangwei Zhang","doi":"10.15761/jts.1000456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jts.1000456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67499100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using survey data from respondents associated with three medical practices in the US, vaccinated children were compared to unvaccinated children for the incidence of severe allergies, autism, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, ADHD, and chronic ear infections. All diagnoses were based on parental reporting with chart review for confirmation of diagnoses. Cases were stratified with non-cases based on year of birth and sex, and compared using a logistic regression model which also accounted for breastfeeding status and type of birth (vaginal versus cesarean section). Vaccinated children were significantly more likely than unvaccinated children to be diagnosed with severe allergies (OR = 4.31, 95% CI 1.67 - 11.1), autism (OR = 5.03, 95% CI 1.64 - 15.5), gastrointestinal disorders (OR = 13.8, 95% CI 5.85 - 32.5), asthma (OR = 17.6, 95% CI 6.94 - 44.4), ADHD (OR = 20.8, 95% CI 4.74 - 91.2), and chronic ear infections (OR = 27.8, 95% CI 9.56 - 80.8). Vaccinated children were less likely to be diagnosed with chickenpox (OR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.029
{"title":"Health effects in vaccinated versus unvaccinated children, with covariates for breastfeeding status and type of birth","authors":"Brian S. Hooker, Neil Z. Miller","doi":"10.15761/jts.1000459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jts.1000459","url":null,"abstract":"Using survey data from respondents associated with three medical practices in the US, vaccinated children were compared to unvaccinated children for the incidence of severe allergies, autism, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, ADHD, and chronic ear infections. All diagnoses were based on parental reporting with chart review for confirmation of diagnoses. Cases were stratified with non-cases based on year of birth and sex, and compared using a logistic regression model which also accounted for breastfeeding status and type of birth (vaginal versus cesarean section). Vaccinated children were significantly more likely than unvaccinated children to be diagnosed with severe allergies (OR = 4.31, 95% CI 1.67 - 11.1), autism (OR = 5.03, 95% CI 1.64 - 15.5), gastrointestinal disorders (OR = 13.8, 95% CI 5.85 - 32.5), asthma (OR = 17.6, 95% CI 6.94 - 44.4), ADHD (OR = 20.8, 95% CI 4.74 - 91.2), and chronic ear infections (OR = 27.8, 95% CI 9.56 - 80.8). Vaccinated children were less likely to be diagnosed with chickenpox (OR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.029","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67499111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese herb in the treatment and regulation of cancer stem cells","authors":"Yuling Luan, Yanhua Chen, Xuan Liu, Qi Li, Yu Feng, Lihong Zhou","doi":"10.15761/jts.1000461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jts.1000461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67499158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nais Vaccari, B. Wacogne, Claudia Koubevi, Marine Podevin, Alain Rouleau, A. Frelet-Barrand
{"title":"White light spectroscopy for T-cell culture growth monitoring: towards a real-time and sampling free device for ATMPs production","authors":"Nais Vaccari, B. Wacogne, Claudia Koubevi, Marine Podevin, Alain Rouleau, A. Frelet-Barrand","doi":"10.15761/jts.1000465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jts.1000465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67499173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ruthenium(II)-derived organometallic compound containing 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino) methane ligand exhibits anticancer activity and BRCA1 inhibition in BRCA1-associated breast cancer cells","authors":"Tidarat Nhukeaw, Nararak Leesakul, A. Ratanaphan","doi":"10.15761/jts.1000453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jts.1000453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74000,"journal":{"name":"Journal of translational science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67499052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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