JSAMS plus最新文献

As long as 20 years ago, there was evidence that knee arthroscopy was an ineffective treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Yet Australia continues to generously fund ineffective treatments like knee arthroscopy and opioid drugs for knee osteoarthritis and continues to underfund exercise-based management. Although guidelines have changed to emphasise exercise-based treatments and discourage knee arthroscopy and opioid prescription, this has not been backed up by reform of funding incentives. Poor funding decisions in Australia have contributed to Australia having the world's highest age-standardised rate of knee replacements.

Objective

This review aimed to compile the evidence on PA and clinical outcomes of people receiving a positive diagnosis of covid-19.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

The search was performed in five databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed portal, Scopus, SPORTDiscus via EBSCO platform, and Web of Science. In addition, the “gray” literature was searched through Google Scholar and medRxiv published between January 2020 and July 2022. Studies were assessed for risk of bias, with the extraction of relevant data. Our search revealed a total of 10,028 studies.

Results

After applying the eligibility criteria 32 studies were included. Thirty-one studies were at low to moderate risk of bias. Physically active individuals, who were diagnosed with covid-19, presented attenuation of clinical outcomes, such as decreased risk of hospitalization, recovery time, number of symptoms, severity, and ICU and death when compared to individuals with low levels of PA or classified as sedentary.

Conclusions

Physically active individuals when diagnosed with covid-19 may have decreased risk of several clinical outcomes related to covid-19, including but not limited to hospitalization and number of symptoms. Public health authorities should develop strategies and initiatives that promote safe PA environments to improve the clinical prognosis of people diagnosed with covid-19.

Study registration

Open Science Framework (OSF), DOI registry 10.17605/OSF.IO/PV6NF. It can be consulted through the access link: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PV6NF, October 07, 2021.

Objectives

The association between single-joint isometric rate of force development (RFD_ISO) and jumping outcomes remain largely unexplored. Further, the importance of RFD assessed during jumping for jump height and duration (i.e. time from jump onset to take-off) remains ambiguous. We therefore investigated these associations in a large heterogenous sample.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Three-hundred-twenty-six male and female basketball and tennis players, and physical education students performed the bilateral squat jump (SJ) and both bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps (CMJ). Single-joint RFD_ISO was assessed for the hip extensors, knee extensors and ankle extensors and associations between relevant outcomes were computed.

Results

Knee and hip extensors RFD_ISO showed small positive correlations with RFD_SJ and RFD_CMJ. Ankle extensors RFD_ISO showed a moderate positive correlation with RFD_SJ and RFD_CMJ. RFD_ISO showed small to moderate correlations with CMJ and SJ jump height, but trivial correlations with jump duration. Stepwise linear regression showed that a combination of RFD_ISO from different muscle groups explained a small to moderate variance in jump height (∼23–28%), duration (∼2–3%), and RFD during jumping (∼19–28%). RFD_SJ showed small positive and moderate negative correlations with SJ height and duration, respectively while these correlations were small and trivial for the CMJ.

Conclusions

The positive correlations between RFD during jumping and jump height, and negative correlation with jump duration imply that improving RFD during jumping could benefit jump performance. However, the mostly small correlations between single-joint RFD_ISO and jumping RFD suggests that single-joint RFD_ISO assessments provide only limited information regarding the RFD in sports-related movements.

Objectives

Ankle proprioception is important for effective human movement and thus active healthy aging. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) may be a contributing factor in proprioception decline. Proprioception and aging research indicate that there is age-related decline in proprioception, however, most research has been on activities conducted in flat, even, and unchanging environments. Thus, to support active healthy aging theory and practice across diverse real-world environments this research explores snowsports activities that are conducted in more dynamic environments and that may be participated in across the lifespan.

Design

This research used a cohort comparison approach to study whether regular snowsport participation (i.e., skiing and snowboarding) is correlated with i) age-related proprioception decline, and ii) proprioception deficits observed with CAI.

Methods

142 advanced and elite snowsport participants (age-range 12–70 years), were recruited over a two-year period. Participants completed a questionnaire that included: prior snowsport experience, ankle injury history and the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability scale (IdFAI). Lower limb proprioception was tested using the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Assessment (AMEDA) device.

Results

There were no significant differences in AMEDA scores between i) age categories; ii) those with or without CAI; nor iii) between females and males.

Conclusions

These results show that regular snowsport participation such as skiing and snowboarding, that occur in dynamic and changing environments, may i) protect against age-related proprioception decline, and ii) provide a rehabilitative effect for CAI. Thus, snowsport participation may be beneficial for active healthy aging and fall prevention.

Soccer, as the most popular sport in the world, is characterized by complex performance requirements and is influenced by many external factors. In order to record and systematize the scientific findings of the effects of weather factors and altitude on physical and technical performance in professional male and female soccer a systematic literature search was conducted in the relevant databases from 8th to 15th of February 2022. From 2.396 records, 150 were selected for detailed screening. 21 studies were included in this review that met the following inclusion criteria: professional male or female soccer players over 18 years of age; field study under real-life conditions; effects on physical and/or technical performance, influence of at least one weather-related factor. The selected articles considered different research objects, periods of time, technologies, or methods. Most publications investigated the factors of temperature, humidity and altitude and showed some significant effects on physical performance, while technical performance often did not change significantly. For all analysed environmental factors, it can be summarized that in different environmental conditions, professional soccer players may consciously adjust certain performance parameters to maintain key match characteristics throughout the whole game. This pacing strategy allows them to keep the influence of environmental factors in check as far as possible.

Objective

Surveillance of health problems at the 2019 17/U & 19/U Australian Netball National Championships (ANNC) and compare this data with the 2018 17/U & 19/U ANNC. Determine the rate for risk of low energy availability and poor sleep quality in athletes competing at the 2019 ANNC.

Design

Prospective observational cohort study.

Method

One hundred and ninety-two netball athletes were observed during a six-day tournament. Injuries were defined in three ways: 1) self-reported, 2) medical attention, and 3) sports incapacity. Medical attention health problems were recorded prospectively by the 16 team physiotherapists during the tournament and athlete self-reported health problem data was collected on four occasions (pre-tournament, post-tournament, 1-week post tournament and 4-weeks post tournament) using their smartphones. The same method was also used for health problem surveillance at the 2018 17/U & 19/U ANNC. Athletes also completed the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results

Ninety-five medical attention injuries were sustained by 73 athletes, at an incidence rate of 82.5 injuries/1000 player competition hours. Ankle sprains (n ​= ​16) and lumbar pain (n ​= ​12) had the highest incidence of medical attention injuries. Thirty per cent of athletes started the tournament with a self-reported health problem. Twelve sports incapacity injuries were recorded, with concussion (n ​= ​5) and ACL rupture (n ​= ​4) the most frequent. Fifty percent of athletes who completed the LEAF-Q were identified as being at risk of having low energy availability and 57% of PSQI respondents demonstrated poor sleep quality. There was no association between injury and athletes who were identified as being at risk of low energy availability or having poor sleep quality.

Conclusions

Ankle sprains, lumbar pain, and foot blisters are the most frequent medical attention injury and concussion, and ACL rupture were the most frequent sports incapacity injuries in pre-elite netball athletes. Also, a high number of athletes were identified as being at risk of low energy availability (n ​= ​76, 50%) and poor sleep quality (n ​= ​74, 57%). These athletes were not at higher risk of injury compared to those that were not identified as being at risk of low energy availability and poor sleep quality.