JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2026.100135

Emily C. Bell , Sally Mastwyk , Madeline C. Hannington , Erin Smyth , Matthew G. King

Objective

To explore the proportion of female field hockey players who experienced urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor symptoms, and the impact their symptoms have on their participation and healthcare-seeking behaviour.

Methods

We employed a retrospective study design utilising an anonymous survey to address the study aim. Female field hockey players aged 14 and above who participated in the 2023 winter competition in Australia at any level were eligible to participate in the study. We collected demographic data, the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) and the impact of pelvic floor symptoms on participation. Demographic data were reported as proportions, with all data analysed at the cohort level and stratified based on primary age group competition (Juniors, Seniors, Masters).

Results

746 females consented to answer the survey about pelvic floor function with an average age of 33.6 years (range 14–74). One in four participants reported some kind of UI, however; just 30 % of females with symptoms saw a health professional for their symptoms. Frequency of symptoms increased by level of competition (i.e., more frequent in Masters compared to Juniors or Seniors). Most females who reported symptoms (∼50 %) during exercise did not change their participation; however, 22 %–36 % modified or stopped their activities.

Conclusion

Symptoms of UI in female field hockey players are frequent, with the majority not seeking health care assistance for their symptoms. Therefore, education programs focused on UI management strategies such as early identification and healthcare referral should be prioritised within female field hockey.

目的探讨女子曲棍球运动员出现尿失禁和盆底症状的比例，以及这些症状对其参与和就诊行为的影响。方法采用回顾性研究设计，采用匿名调查来解决研究目的。参加2023年澳大利亚冬季比赛的14岁及以上的任何级别的女子曲棍球运动员都有资格参加这项研究。我们收集了人口统计数据、尿失禁诊断问卷（QUID）和盆底症状对参与的影响。人口统计数据按比例报告，所有数据在队列水平上进行分析，并根据小学年龄组竞争（青少年、老年人、硕士）分层。结果746名女性同意接受盆底功能调查，平均年龄33.6岁（14 ~ 74岁）。然而，四分之一的参与者报告了某种程度的UI；只有30%出现症状的女性去看了专业医生。症状的出现频率随着比赛水平的提高而增加（即，与初级或高级选手相比，硕士选手出现频率更高）。大多数在运动期间报告症状的女性（约50%）没有改变她们的参与；然而，22% - 36%的人修改或停止了他们的活动。结论女子曲棍球运动员尿失禁症状较为常见，且多数患者未因症状寻求医疗救助。因此，教育计划侧重于UI管理策略，如早期识别和医疗转诊应优先考虑在女子曲棍球。

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引用次数: 0

Martial arts striking sports prehabilitation programme (MASS-12): Jump higher, move safer, and feel better 武术打击运动康复课程（MASS-12）：跳得更高，动作更安全，感觉更好

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100134

Rowan Wilson , James Brighton , Colette Christiansen , Matthew Hughes , Wendi Bacon

Background

Martial arts involve cutting, jumping and landing movements known to increase injury risk. Martial artists frequently sustain injuries. Recreational martial arts have yet to implement an evidence-informed prehabilitation programme to prevent these injuries. Here, we evaluate the Martial Arts Striking Sports prehabilitation programme (MASS-12) in a recreational setting.

Methods

Three traditional martial arts warm-ups and two MASS-12 warm-ups were delivered over 2 weeks as a recreational Jiu Jitsu club hall. A coach and seven athletes (five male, two female), ranging in experience from white belt to brown belt, participated. Main Outcome Measures were the Frontal plane projection angle (FPPA), a measure of dynamic knee valgus and Single leg vertical hops (SLVH), a measure of performance.

Results

Over half of recreational athletes reported previous, serious lower limb injuries. Athlete FFPA and SLVH significantly improved (−11.9° to −1.93°, 25.2 vs 27.5 cm, respectively) after the MASS-12. Athletes appreciated the increased feedback and sense of preparedness. The coach found it easy to teach and perceived improvements in performance.

Conclusions

The MASS-12 is easy for coaches to implement; improves lower limb alignment; and is accepted by athletes. A significant improvement on current practices, the MASS-12 should be widely implemented in recreational martial arts.

武术包括切割、跳跃和落地动作，这些动作会增加受伤的风险。武术家经常受伤。娱乐性武术尚未实施循证康复方案，以防止这些伤害。在这里，我们评估武术打击运动康复计划（MASS-12）在娱乐环境。方法在2周内进行3次传统武术热身和2次MASS-12热身，作为休闲的柔术俱乐部大厅。一名教练和七名运动员（五男两女）参加了比赛，他们的经验从白带到棕带不等。主要观察指标为动态膝外翻的前平面投影角（FPPA）和运动表现的单腿垂直跳（SLVH）。结果超过一半的休闲运动员有过严重的下肢损伤。在MASS-12后，运动员的FFPA和SLVH显著改善（分别为- 11.9°到- 1.93°，25.2和27.5 cm）。运动员们很欣赏这种反馈的增加和准备的感觉。教练发现教起来很容易，并且发现学生的表现有所提高。结论MASS-12易于教练员实施；改善下肢对齐；并且被运动员所接受。在现有练习的基础上，MASS-12应该在休闲武术中广泛应用。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing neuromuscular symmetry through load-progressive closed-chain upper limb training: An EMG-based approach 通过负荷渐进式上肢闭合链训练优化神经肌肉对称性：基于肌电图的方法

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100133

Rafid Qaduri , Taha Jasim , Hiba Hamadi , Safaa Ismaeel , Shaimaa Shihab , Mohammed Al-Jahni

Background

Bilateral neuromuscular symmetry is a critical factor for safe and effective resistance training. Limited evidence exists on how progressive closed-chain resistance exercises influence upper-limb muscle activation and interlimb balance.

Methods

Forty healthy, recreationally trained males (mean age 22.8 ± 1.9 years; height 176.2 ± 4.7 cm; weight 73.5 ± 6.2 kg) performed bilateral elbow flexion and extension at 50 %, 75 %, and 90 % of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded bilaterally from the biceps brachii and triceps brachii. Muscle activity was quantified using root mean square (RMS) values, and bilateral coordination was assessed through symmetry indices.

Results

EMG amplitude increased significantly with higher load intensities (p < 0.001). Bilateral symmetry improved at 90 % 1RM, as reflected by lower symmetry index values and non-significant interlimb differences. At lower intensities, moderate asymmetries persisted, particularly in antagonist muscles.

Conclusion

Progressive closed-chain resistance training enhances neuromuscular activation and promotes interlimb symmetry in the upper limbs, especially under near-maximal loading. These findings suggest that higher load intensities acutely enhance muscle coordination and reduce asymmetry during bilateral resistance exercise.

背景：双侧神经肌肉对称是安全有效的抗阻训练的关键因素。关于渐进式闭式阻力运动如何影响上肢肌肉激活和肢间平衡的证据有限。方法40例健康男性，平均年龄22.8±1.9岁，身高176.2±4.7 cm，体重73.5±6.2 kg，分别以50%、75%和90%的单次最大重复量（1RM）完成双侧肘关节屈伸。记录双侧肱二头肌和肱三头肌的表面肌电图。用均方根（RMS）值量化肌肉活动，通过对称指数评估双侧协调性。结果随着载荷强度的增加，肌电信号振幅显著增加（p < 0.001）。双侧对称性在90% 1RM时得到改善，反映在较低的对称指数值和不显著的肢间差异上。在较低强度下，中度不对称持续存在，特别是在拮抗剂肌肉中。结论渐进式闭链阻力训练可增强神经肌肉的激活，促进上肢肢间对称性，尤其是在接近最大负荷时。这些发现表明，在双侧阻力运动中，较高的负荷强度可显著增强肌肉协调性，减少不对称性。

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引用次数: 0

Do psychophysiological responses to competitive anxiety predict competition outcomes? A pilot study in elite female karate athletes 对竞争焦虑的心理生理反应能否预测竞争结果？一项针对优秀女空手道运动员的初步研究

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100132

Maryam Kenshloo , Behrouz Golmohammadi , Vahid Khashani , Amir Hossien Mehrsafar

Evaluating psychophysiological markers is key to understanding the allostatic burden of official competitions. This study investigated the associations between responses to competitive anxiety and salivary biomarkers—cortisol (sCort), interleukin-6 (sIL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (sTNF-α)—in elite female karate athletes during competition. Thirty participants (mean age = 21.8 ± 3.4 years) completed the Persian version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) approximately 1 h prior to competition to assess cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. Saliva samples were collected 30 min before the competition to quantify biomarker levels. Significant positive associations were observed between sCort and both somatic and cognitive anxiety (p < 0.05), whereas no significant associations were detected between anxiety subscales or self-confidence and sIL-6 or sTNF-α (all p > 0.05). Multiple regression results showed that cognitive and somatic anxiety significantly predicted sCort (p < 0.05), while none of the CSAI-2R variables significantly predicted sIL-6 (p > 0.05) or sTNF-α (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that somatic anxiety significantly predicted competition outcome (p < 0.05), whereas other variables did not. These findings highlight the potential utility of monitoring somatic anxiety as a marker of competitive anxiety in elite female karate athletes.

评估心理生理指标是了解正式比赛适应负荷的关键。本研究调查了优秀女空手道运动员在比赛期间对竞争焦虑的反应与唾液生物标志物皮质醇（scot）、白细胞介素-6 （sIL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α (sTNF-α)之间的关系。30名参与者（平均年龄= 21.8±3.4岁）在比赛前约1小时完成波斯语版竞争状态焦虑量表-2修订（CSAI-2R），以评估认知焦虑、躯体焦虑和自信。比赛前30分钟采集唾液样本，量化生物标志物水平。sct与躯体焦虑和认知焦虑之间存在显著正相关（p < 0.05），而焦虑亚量表或自信与sIL-6或sTNF-α之间无显著相关（p < 0.05）。多元回归结果显示，认知焦虑和躯体焦虑显著预测score (p < 0.05)，而CSAI-2R变量均未显著预测sIL-6 （p > 0.05）或sTNF-α (p > 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示，躯体焦虑对比赛结果有显著的预测作用（p < 0.05），而其他变量对比赛结果没有显著的预测作用。这些发现强调了监测躯体焦虑作为优秀女空手道运动员竞争焦虑的标记的潜在效用。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing indoor tracking of golf ball and club metrics: Consistency and absolute agreement of the Flightscope Mevo+ and Trackman 4 launch monitors 比较高尔夫球和球杆的室内跟踪指标：Flightscope Mevo+和Trackman 4发射监视器的一致性和绝对一致性

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100128

Alex Bliss , Ben L. Langdown

Background

This study aimed to compare the Flightscope Mevo + launch monitor against a previously validated system (Trackman 4) during full golf swings in an indoor setting.

Methods

Mevo+ and Trackman 4 were compared concurrently for driver (n = 118, 118, 174 shots, respectively). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) reported consistency and absolute agreement. Bland–Altman plots reported limits of agreement.

Results

Moderate to excellent consistency was reported for all values for driver (ICC = 0.66–0.996), 7-iron (ICC = 0.50–0.996) and pitching wedge (ICC = 0.55–1.00) except angle of attack which was poor for both 7-iron and pitching wedge (ICC = 0.06 & 0.03, respectively). For absolute agreement, Mevo + demonstrated moderate to excellent levels for most driver (ICC range = 0.58–0.98), 7-iron (ICC range = 0.83–0.94) and pitching wedge (ICC range = 0.77–0.999) variables. Driver swing plane (ICC absolute = 0.24), 7-iron angle of attack, clubhead speed, dynamic loft and spin rate (ICC absolute = 0.02, 0.44, 0.23, 0.49, 0.42, respectively) and pitching wedge angle of attack, dynamic loft, and swing plane (ICC absolute = 0.01, 0.25, 0.43, respectively) had poor agreement.

Conclusion

Mevo+ is consistent with Trackman 4 for all variables except angle of attack. It does however provide different absolute values, but usually in a consistent, systematic manner, across a number of variables. Coaches, club fitters, golfers, and scientists should be aware of these systematic differences when attempting to compare performance across launch monitors or when solely using the Mevo + system to aid performance, club building and fitting, or for research purposes.

本研究旨在比较Flightscope Mevo +发射监视器与先前验证的系统（Trackman 4）在室内环境下的全高尔夫挥杆过程。方法同时比较smevo +和Trackman 4作为驾驶员（n = 118、118、174）。类内相关系数（ICC）报告的一致性和绝对一致性。布兰德-奥特曼地块报告了协议的局限性。ResultsModerate优秀一致性报告所有值司机(ICC = 0.66 - -0.996), 7-iron (ICC = 0.50 - -0.996)和俯仰楔(ICC = 0.55 - -1.00)除了攻角是贫穷7-iron和俯仰楔(ICC = 0.06和0.03,分别)。对于绝对一致性，evo +在大多数驱动（ICC范围= 0.58-0.98），7-铁杆（ICC范围= 0.83-0.94）和俯角楔（ICC范围= 0.77-0.999）变量上表现出中等到优秀的水平。推杆挥杆面（ICC绝对值= 0.24）、7-铁攻角、杆头速度、动伸度和自旋率（ICC绝对值分别为0.02、0.44、0.23、0.49、0.42）和俯仰楔攻角、动伸度和挥杆面（ICC绝对值分别为0.01、0.25、0.43）的一致性较差。结论除攻角外，mevo +与Trackman 4在所有变量上均一致。然而，它确实提供了不同的绝对值，但通常以一致的、系统的方式，跨多个变量。教练、球杆装配员、高尔夫球手和科学家在试图比较不同发射监视器的性能时，或者仅使用evo +系统来帮助性能、球杆建设和装配或用于研究目的时，应该意识到这些系统差异。

{"title":"Comparing indoor tracking of golf ball and club metrics: Consistency and absolute agreement of the Flightscope Mevo+ and Trackman 4 launch monitors","authors":"Alex Bliss , Ben L. Langdown","doi":"10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the Flightscope Mevo + launch monitor against a previously validated system (Trackman 4) during full golf swings in an indoor setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mevo+ and Trackman 4 were compared concurrently for driver (n = 118, 118, 174 shots, respectively). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) reported consistency and absolute agreement. Bland–Altman plots reported limits of agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Moderate to excellent consistency was reported for all values for driver (ICC = 0.66–0.996), 7-iron (ICC = 0.50–0.996) and pitching wedge (ICC = 0.55–1.00) except angle of attack which was poor for both 7-iron and pitching wedge (ICC = 0.06 & 0.03, respectively). For absolute agreement, Mevo + demonstrated moderate to excellent levels for most driver (ICC range = 0.58–0.98), 7-iron (ICC range = 0.83–0.94) and pitching wedge (ICC range = 0.77–0.999) variables. Driver swing plane (ICC absolute = 0.24), 7-iron angle of attack, clubhead speed, dynamic loft and spin rate (ICC absolute = 0.02, 0.44, 0.23, 0.49, 0.42, respectively) and pitching wedge angle of attack, dynamic loft, and swing plane (ICC absolute = 0.01, 0.25, 0.43, respectively) had poor agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mevo+ is consistent with Trackman 4 for all variables except angle of attack. It does however provide different absolute values, but usually in a consistent, systematic manner, across a number of variables. Coaches, club fitters, golfers, and scientists should be aware of these systematic differences when attempting to compare performance across launch monitors or when solely using the Mevo + system to aid performance, club building and fitting, or for research purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74029,"journal":{"name":"JSAMS plus","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving penalty shoot-out performance in skilled youth soccer players: An imagery modality-based approach 提高技术青年足球运动员点球决胜表现：一种基于图像模式的方法

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100125

Vincent Joseph-Jacques , Roland Seux , Laurent Dominique , Vanessa Hatchi , Nicolas Robin

Background

Since their introduction in professional football, penalty shoot-outs represent key moments in matches. Motor imagery (MI) can improve soccer performance, but different MI modalities can be used to mentally simulate motor actions. This study aimed to evaluate whether the MI modality used by the players would influence their penalty shoot-out performance.

Methods

Twenty youth skilled football players from the Elite Center of the French Regions of America (CERFA) voluntarily participated in this experiment (M_age = 16.4 years). After an assessment of their MI ability, the participants completed 4 counterbalanced experimental sessions spread over 4 weeks, each including the completion of 5 penalty shoot-outs. The sessions consisted of a control condition (count-down and actual execution) and 3 MI conditions during which the players had to mentally imagine themselves performing a penalty shoot-out according to one of the MI modalities: Internal Visual Imagery (IVI), External Visual Imagery (EVI), or Kinesthetic Imagery (KI), before kicking. Number of goals scored, shooting accuracy and ball speed were measured and served as dependent variables.

Results

The soccer players benefited from MI. Indeed, in both the IVI and KI conditions, their performances were significantly higher than in the no-MI (i.e., control) condition with respect to the total number of goals scored and shooting accuracy variables.

Conclusions

Practically, we suggest skilled football players imagine, from an internal perspective, taking a successful penalty kick before shooting.

自从在职业足球比赛中被引入以来，点球大战一直是比赛中的关键时刻。运动想象（MI）可以提高足球表现，但不同的MI模式可以用于心理模拟运动动作。本研究旨在评估球员使用的MI模式是否会影响他们在点球决胜中的表现。方法来自美国法裔精英中心（CERFA）的20名青少年技术足球运动员自愿参加实验，年龄为16.4岁。在对他们的MI能力进行评估后，参与者完成了4个为期4周的平衡实验，每个实验包括完成5次点球大战。这些训练包括一个控制条件（倒计时和实际执行）和3个MI条件，在此期间，球员必须在踢前根据MI模式之一（内部视觉意象（IVI），外部视觉意象（EVI）或动觉意象（KI））在心理上想象自己正在进行点球大战。测量进球数、射门精度和球速作为因变量。结果足球运动员从MI中获益。事实上，在IVI和KI条件下，他们的表现在总进球数和射门精度变量方面都显著高于无MI（即对照组）条件。实际上，我们建议熟练的足球运动员在射门前从内心的角度想象一个成功的点球。

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引用次数: 0

Infant weight gain and motor development in relation to childhood adiposity and physical activity 婴儿体重增加和运动发育与儿童肥胖和体育活动的关系

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100123

Tomoko Aoyama , Yuki Hikihara , Masashi Watanabe , Hitoshi Wakabayashi , Hidemi Takimoto , Shigeho Tanaka

Objectives

The long-term effects of infant weight gain and motor development on adiposity and physical activity remain unclear. This study investigates how these factors predict objectively assessed adiposity and physical activity at early school age, and whether these associations persist into preadolescence.

Methods

This retrospective study with prospective follow-up included 223 first-grade children (aged 6–7) for initial assessments, including body fat percentage determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) assessed using an accelerometer. A four-year follow-up involved 216 fifth-grade children (aged 10–11). Data on weights measured at birth and at 1-, 3–4-, and 18-month checkups, along with ages at which six gross motor milestones were achieved, were extracted from the Maternal and Child Health Handbook.

Results

Multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for sex, gestational age, height, school location, maternal age, and pre-pregnancy body mass index showed that rapid weight gain from birth to 18 months (p = 0.01) and later age at standing with support (p < 0.001) were independently associated with higher body fat assessed in the first grade, with a significant negative interaction (p = 0.02). Later age at standing with support was also significantly associated with less MVPA time in the first grade (p = 0.02). Among these, only the association between age at standing with support and body fat remained significant in the fifth grade (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

This study highlights the long-term implications of later achievement of motor milestones for future adiposity, persisting into preadolescence. Infant motor development can be an important determinant of future health.

目的：婴儿体重增加和运动发育对肥胖和体力活动的长期影响尚不清楚。本研究调查了这些因素如何客观地预测学龄期早期的肥胖和体育活动，以及这些关联是否会持续到青春期前。方法回顾性前瞻性随访研究纳入223名一年级儿童（6-7岁）进行初步评估，包括用双能x线吸收仪测定体脂率，用加速度计评估中高强度体力活动（MVPA）。为期四年的随访涉及216名五年级儿童（10-11岁）。出生时以及1个月、3-4个月和18个月检查时测量的体重数据，以及达到6个大肌肉运动里程碑的年龄，均取自《妇幼保健手册》。结果经性别、胎龄、身高、学校位置、母亲年龄和孕前体重指数调整后的多变量回归分析显示，从出生到18个月体重快速增加（p = 0.01）和较晚的站立年龄（p < 0.001）与一年级时评估的较高体脂独立相关，并存在显著的负交互作用（p = 0.02）。支持站立年龄越晚，一年级的MVPA时间越短（p = 0.02）。其中，只有支撑站立年龄与体脂之间的相关性在五年级仍然显著（p < 0.01）。结论：这项研究强调了运动里程碑的后期实现对未来肥胖的长期影响，并持续到青春期前。婴儿运动发育是未来健康的重要决定因素。

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引用次数: 0

Focus on female athletes and special issue on physical activity in people with disability 关注女运动员和残疾人体育活动特刊

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100126

Jessica Orchard, Leanne Hassett

引用次数: 0

Time course of perceived knee stiffness following prolonged sitting in healthy adults 健康成人久坐后感知膝关节僵硬的时间过程

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100124

Alexandre Kovats , Jeanette M. Thom

Background

Knee stiffness is a common complaint experienced during prolonged periods of sedentary behaviour, including following prolonged sitting, in both healthy and people with musculoskeletal conditions. Reduction of self-reported knee stiffness is important to patient-centred outcomes. Our aim was to obtain pilot data to determine the timeframe for knee stiffness onset in healthy populations.

Methods

Forty-two participants (20–76 years) with no diagnosed chronic musculoskeletal condition were recruited. After pilot testing, perceived knee joint stiffness and pain (Visual Analogue Scale) were measured while sitting (at 15, 30, 60, and 90 min) with the knee joint held at 90°. Correlations between knee stiffness after 90 min of sitting and baseline demographic data, and knee range of motion were analysed.

Results

Greater levels of self-reported stiffness were observed (mean ± SD) after sitting still for 30 (1.8 ± 1.6; p < 0.001), 60 (3.4 ± 2.4; p < 0.001) and 90 min (4.1 ± 2.6; p < 0.001) compared to baseline (n = 31). Increase of self-reported pain occurred by 60 and 90 min of sitting (p < 0.001). Minimal clinical important difference (MCID) (±2 cm) in stiffness occurred by 60 min of sitting (+2.6 cm) with pain not reaching MCID by 90 min. Self-reported stiffness at 90 min of sitting was negatively correlated with participant age (r = −0.433, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Healthy adults begin to experience knee stiffness when sitting still after 30 min, though this was only clinically relevant by 60 min. Moving the joint, even whilst still sitting, helped to alleviate joint stiffness and pain, which may assist in providing advice to all adults on sedentary behaviours.

背景：无论是健康人还是患有肌肉骨骼疾病的人，在长时间的久坐行为（包括久坐）中，膝关节僵硬都是一种常见的症状。减少自我报告的膝关节僵硬对以患者为中心的结果很重要。我们的目的是获得试点数据，以确定健康人群中膝关节僵硬发作的时间框架。方法招募42名未确诊慢性肌肉骨骼疾病的参与者（20-76岁）。在初步测试后，当膝关节保持90°坐姿（15、30、60和90分钟）时，测量感知到的膝关节僵硬度和疼痛（视觉模拟量表）。分析坐下90分钟后膝关节僵硬度与基线人口统计学数据和膝关节活动范围之间的相关性。结果静坐30分钟（1.8±1.6;p < 0.001）、60分钟（3.4±2.4;p < 0.001）和90分钟（4.1±2.6;p < 0.001）后，与基线（n = 31）相比，自我报告的僵硬程度（mean±SD）更高。自我报告的疼痛在静坐60分钟和90分钟时增加（p < 0.001）。静坐60分钟（+2.6 cm）时僵硬度的最小临床重要差异（MCID）（±2 cm），疼痛在90分钟时未达到MCID。自我报告的90分钟坐姿僵硬度与参与者年龄呈负相关（r = - 0.433, p = 0.004）。结论：健康的成年人在静坐30分钟后开始出现膝关节僵硬，但在静坐60分钟后才有临床意义。即使在坐着的时候活动关节，也有助于减轻关节僵硬和疼痛，这可能有助于为所有久坐行为的成年人提供建议。

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引用次数: 0

Inter- and intra-rater reliability of two aquatic safety skill assessment tools 两种水上安全技能评估工具之间和内部的可靠性

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100122

N. Nyitrai , C. James , M. Brunton , S. Edwards

Background

Learning to swim is recommended as an important layer of protection in drowning prevention. However, identifying what aquatic skill(s) are essential, and the absence of a gold or industry standard makes establishing the reliability of learn to swim assessment difficult.

Methods

Five aquatic skills aligned with water safety and survival, from the Australian Water Safety Council's 2016 benchmark, were included in a cross-sectional study designed to test the reliability of two assessment tools: 1. competent/not yet competent and 2. RAEE (Refuse, Assisted, Effective, Efficient) assessment tool. Twelve participants (raters) from a single Gold Level AUSTSWIM recognised swim centre completed the assessment across three sessions and inter- (weighted kappa) and intra-rater (Chi squares) reliability was calculated.

Results

There was limited/poor inter and intra rater reliability for both assessment methods and this increased across sessions for three of the five chosen skills (crouch dive, sidestroke and compact jump). RAEE assessment tool demonstrated lower inter- and intra-rater reliability (poor to fair) when compared to use of the C/NYC assessment method (fair to moderate) across five water safety skills.

Conclusion

Regardless of the assessment approach taken, both inter and intra – rater reliability was limited when assessing water safety skills. A lack of consensus was found relating to proficiency in performance and raters lacked a clear understanding of the complexities involved in assessment, including an established foundation of what proficient motor skills performance looks like.

学习游泳是预防溺水的重要保护措施。然而，确定哪些水上技能是必不可少的，以及缺乏黄金标准或行业标准，使得建立学习游泳评估的可靠性变得困难。方法将澳大利亚水安全委员会2016年基准中与水安全和生存相关的五项水生技能纳入一项横断面研究，旨在测试两种评估工具的可靠性：2.胜任/不胜任；RAEE（拒绝、辅助、有效、高效）评估工具。12名参与者（评分者）来自一个Gold Level AUSTSWIM认可的游泳中心，完成了三个阶段的评估，并计算了评分者之间（加权kappa）和内部（卡方）的信度。结果两种评估方法的内部和内部可靠性都有限/很差，并且在五个选择的技能中的三个（蹲伏跳水，侧身和紧凑型跳跃）中，这种情况在不同的课程中有所增加。与使用C/NYC评估方法（公平到中等）相比，RAEE评估工具在五种水安全技能中显示出较低的等级间和等级内可靠性（差到公平）。结论无论采用何种评价方法，在评价水安全技能时，评价对象间和评价对象内的信度都是有限的。研究发现，在表现熟练程度方面缺乏共识，评分者对评估的复杂性缺乏清晰的理解，包括对熟练运动技能表现的既定基础。

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