JSAMS plus最新文献_第2页

Comparison of cancer and all-cause death rates of Australian rock and pop musicians, footballers, cricketers and the general population 澳大利亚摇滚音乐家、流行音乐家、足球运动员、板球运动员和普通人的癌症死亡率和全因死亡率比较

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100070

John W. Orchard , Tim Driscoll , Angus Davis , Elizabeth Driscoll , Jessica J. Orchard

Introduction

Multiple international studies, including some from Australia, have found that professional and elite athletes have lower death rates/greater life expectancy than the general population. By contrast, international rock and pop musicians have been found to die prematurely compared to the general population, although no studies have focused on Australian musicians specifically.

Methods

Death rates and life expectancy were compared for cohorts of Australian rock and pop musicians, male VFL/AFL footballers and male Sheffield Shield cricketers and the general Australian population, for the years 1971–2022 inclusive. Data were sourced from Wikipedia.

Results

A cohort of 655 Australian rock and pop musicians showed an increased Standardized Mortality Rate (SMR) of 1.35 (95% CI 1.07–1.71). The rate of cancer deaths in musicians showed an even higher SMR of 1.85 (95% CI 1.32–2.59). The male Australian football, SMR 0.77 (95% CI 0.74–0.80), and cricket, SMR 0.71 (95% CI 0.64–0.78), athlete cohorts showed significantly decreased death rates compared to the general Australian male population. Life expectancy for the male athlete groups after age 20 roughly tracked the superior life expectancy of the general Australian female population, whereas life expectancy for the male musician group was slightly inferior to the general Australian male population.

Discussion

The likely increase in cancer deaths in Australian musicians could be explained by substance exposure (alcohol, tobacco, both active and passive, and perhaps other illicit substances), although this causation was not specifically assessed as part of our study. Unlike other international musician cohorts, we did not observe a high rate of deaths directly due to drug overdose in the 3rd and 4th decades of life. The likely explanation for the better health of the athlete cohorts is the known survival benefit of high levels of exercise (primarily through reduced cardiovascular disease and cancers).

导言多项国际研究（包括一些来自澳大利亚的研究）发现，职业运动员和精英运动员的死亡率比普通人低/预期寿命比普通人长。方法比较了 1971 年至 2022 年（含 2022 年）澳大利亚摇滚和流行音乐家、VFL/AFL 男性足球运动员、Sheffield Shield 男性板球运动员的死亡率和预期寿命。数据来源于维基百科。结果655 名澳大利亚摇滚和流行音乐家组成的队列显示，标准化死亡率（SMR）增加了 1.35（95% CI 1.07-1.71）。音乐家的癌症死亡率更高，为 1.85（95% CI 1.32-2.59）。与普通澳大利亚男性人口相比，澳大利亚足球运动员（SMR 0.77 (95% CI 0.74-0.80)）和板球运动员（SMR 0.71 (95% CI 0.64-0.78)）的死亡率明显下降。男性运动员群体在 20 岁之后的预期寿命与澳大利亚普通女性人口的预期寿命基本一致，而男性音乐家群体的预期寿命则略低于澳大利亚普通男性人口。讨论澳大利亚音乐家癌症死亡人数可能增加的原因可能是接触了药物（酒精、烟草，包括主动和被动接触，也可能是其他非法药物），尽管我们的研究没有具体评估这种因果关系。与其他国际音乐家队列不同的是，我们没有观察到在音乐家生命的第 3 和第 4 个十年中直接因吸毒过量而死亡的比例很高。运动员队列健康状况较好的原因可能是众所周知的大量运动（主要是通过减少心血管疾病和癌症）对生存有益。

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引用次数: 0

Acute injuries in male elite ice hockey players. A prospective cohort study 冰上曲棍球男子精英运动员的急性损伤。前瞻性队列研究

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100068

Jussi Hirvelä , Markku Tuominen , Olavi Airaksinen , Timo Hänninen , Niklas Lindblad , Hilkka Ryhänen , Jukka Tikanto , Jari Parkkari

Background

In Finland, elite level ice hockey injury studies have not been conducted since 1990s. Epidemiological data is needed for developing injury prevention. The aim of this study was to calculate the injury incidences and to describe details of the injuries in the men's elite-level ice hockey league in Finland (Liiga).

Methods

During the three seasons of 2017–2020, injuries from eight Liiga teams were documented by team physicians to a digitalized injury-reporting system. All acute injuries requiring medical attention or causing a player's time loss were reported. Injury incidences were calculated, and injury details were described.

Results

Overall, 326 injuries occurred in 1147 matches, comprising an injury rate (IR) of 12.9 per 1000 player-games. The head, including face, was the most commonly injured body part (IR 4.7 per 1000 player-games; 36.2% of the injuries), followed by the upper extremity (IR 3.5; 27.3%) and lower extremity (IR 3.3; 25.8%). Concussions were more frequent (IR 1.9) than knee (IR 1.6) or shoulder (IR 1.2) injuries. Body checking (31.5%) was the most common mechanism of injury, and contusion (29.3%) was the most typical diagnosis. The player's time loss was over three weeks in 17.7% of all injuries, of which mostly were knee (23.1%), hand (21.2%) and shoulder (13.5%) injuries.

Conclusions

The injury rate was slightly lower than in other elite-level ice hockey studies and 28.2% lower than in previous studies conducted in Finland in the 1990s. Head injuries were the most common. Concussions persisted as frequent injuries in elite ice hockey.

背景在芬兰，自 20 世纪 90 年代以来就没有进行过精英级别的冰上曲棍球伤害研究。流行病学数据是制定伤害预防措施所必需的。这项研究的目的是计算芬兰男子精英冰球联赛（Liiga）的受伤发生率，并描述受伤的详细情况。方法在 2017-2020 年的三个赛季中，8 支 Liiga 球队的队医将受伤情况记录到数字化的受伤报告系统中。所有需要就医或导致球员伤停的急性伤病均被报告。结果总的来说，在 1147 场比赛中发生了 326 次受伤，受伤率（IR）为每 1000 场比赛 12.9 次。头部（包括脸部）是最常见的受伤部位（每 1000 场比赛有 4.7 人受伤，占受伤人数的 36.2%），其次是上肢（每 1000 场比赛有 3.5 人受伤，占受伤人数的 27.3%）和下肢（每 1000 场比赛有 3.3 人受伤，占受伤人数的 25.8%）。脑震荡（IR 1.9）比膝关节（IR 1.6）或肩关节（IR 1.2）更常见。身体检查（31.5%）是最常见的受伤机制，挫伤（29.3%）是最典型的诊断。17.7%的球员受伤时间超过三周，其中大部分是膝伤（23.1%）、手伤（21.2%）和肩伤（13.5%）。头部受伤最为常见。脑震荡仍然是精英冰上曲棍球运动中最常见的损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Using impact monitoring mouthguards to measure head impact exposure in elite ice hockey 使用冲击监测护齿测量精英冰上曲棍球的头部冲击暴露量

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100069

Mikael Swarén , Madelen Fahlstedt

Background

Even though women's ice hockey does not permit deliberate checking between players, female players are at similar or even higher risk to sustain concussions, as male players. Several studies have investigated head impacts in ice hockey, however to the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has used impact monitoring mouthguards to investigate head impact exposure among professional female ice hockey players.

Methods

Impact monitoring mouthguards were used to collect head impact data during games in the Swedish Women's Hockey League and in the men's Swedish J20 SuperElite League in 2020.

Results

Female players had significantly higher median linear accelerations than male players (26 [19–35] g, vs. 7 [5–9] g, p < 0.001, d = 1.98). Female players had significant higher median rotational accelerations compared to male players (3076 [2314–4243] rad/s² vs. 430 [281–752] rad/s², p < 0.001, d = 2.398). There were no notable variances in impact distribution by location for linear or rotational accelerations among female players. Similarly, male players didn't exhibit significant differences in impact location for linear acceleration. However, impacts at the Top Front location demonstrated significantly higher rotational accelerations compared to those at Front Low and Front High positions.

Conclusion

Compared to male players, female players sustain fewer but harder impacts to the head, which may explain the high occurrence of concussion in women's ice hockey.

背景尽管女子冰上曲棍球不允许球员之间的故意拦截，但女球员遭受脑震荡的风险与男球员相似，甚至更高。已有多项研究对冰上曲棍球运动中的头部撞击进行了调查，但据作者所知，此前还没有研究使用撞击监测护齿对职业女子冰上曲棍球运动员的头部撞击暴露进行调查。结果女性球员的线性加速度中值明显高于男性球员（26 [19-35] g，vs. 7 [5-9] g，p < 0.001，d = 1.98）。女运动员的旋转加速度中值明显高于男运动员（3076 [2314-4243] rad/s2 vs. 430 [281-752] rad/s2，p < 0.001，d = 2.398）。在线性加速度和旋转加速度方面，女性运动员的冲击力分布在不同位置没有明显差异。同样，男性运动员在线性加速度的冲击位置上也没有表现出明显的差异。结论：与男性球员相比，女性球员头部受到的撞击次数更少，但冲击力更大，这可能是女子冰球运动中脑震荡发生率高的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the measurement properties and feasibility of physical activity and physical function assessments for children undergoing acute cancer treatment 评估对接受急性癌症治疗的儿童进行身体活动和身体功能评估的测量特性和可行性

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100065

Sarah L. Grimshaw , Nicholas F. Taylor , Rachel Conyers , Nora Shields

Background

As physical function and physical activity are often compromised among children and adolescents undergoing acute cancer treatment, psychometrically robust and feasible assessment tools are needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the construct validity, responsiveness and feasibility of one physical activity assessment tool (Fitbit Inspire); and six physical function assessment tools (Movement ABC-2, Timed Up and Go, 30-s Chair Stand, Timed Rise from the Floor, Timed Up and Down Stairs, 6-min Walk Test) for children undergoing acute cancer treatment.

Methods

A prospectively-registered, mixed methods, single-group study evaluated measurement properties against a priori hypothesis using Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) framework. Feasibility was assessed quantitively (a priori thresholds), and qualitatively (semi-structured interviews, focus-groups).

Results

Twenty children/adolescents (median age 13 ± 5 years, various cancer diagnoses), 20 parents and 16 clinicians participated. Fitbit was feasible to assess daily steps only, had evidence of construct validity, tendency to overestimate step count and adequate evidence of responsiveness (compared to Actigraph). The 30-s Chair stand, 6-min Walk Test and Timed Up and Go were feasible and showed evidence of construct validity and responsiveness. To maximise feasibility, consideration of timing and intent of assessment are crucial.

Conclusion

Fitbit has limitations as a physical activity assessment tool. The 30-s Chair Stand, 6-min Walk Test and Timed Up and Go were feasible to use and showed favourable measurement properties to assess physical function.

背景由于正在接受急性癌症治疗的儿童和青少年的身体功能和体力活动通常会受到影响，因此需要心理计量学上可靠可行的评估工具。本研究旨在评估一种体力活动评估工具（Fitbit Inspire）和六种体力功能评估工具（运动 ABC-2、定时起立、30 秒椅子站立、定时从地上爬起、定时上下楼梯、6 分钟步行测试）对接受急性癌症治疗的儿童的构建有效性、响应性和可行性。对可行性进行了定量（先验阈值）和定性（半结构式访谈、焦点小组）评估。结果20 名儿童/青少年（中位年龄 13 ± 5 岁，各种癌症诊断）、20 名家长和 16 名临床医生参与了研究。Fitbit仅适用于评估每日步数，具有结构效度、高估步数的倾向和充分的响应性证据（与Actigraph相比）。椅子站立 30 秒、6 分钟步行测试和定时起立行走都是可行的，并有证据显示其结构有效性和响应性。为了最大限度地提高可行性，考虑评估的时间和意图至关重要。30秒椅子站立、6分钟步行测试和定时起立行走的使用是可行的，并显示出评估身体功能的良好测量特性。

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引用次数: 0

Do ankle braces affect functional performance? A randomised double-blinded cross-over trial 踝关节护具会影响功能表现吗？随机双盲交叉试验

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100061

Tomas Megalaa, Paul L. Le, Alycia Fong Yan, Paula R. Beckenkamp, Claire E. Hiller

Objectives

To compare the effects of the KISS ankle brace, Aircast ankle brace, and no brace condition, on functional performance measures and perceptions of stability, confidence and reassurance in people with and without chronic ankle instability.

Design

Randomised double-blinded cross-over trial.

Method

A total of 42 participants (21 uninjured and 21 with chronic ankle instability) were recruited from the general population and completed a series of functional performance tests, including side hop (seconds), Star excursion balance test reach distance, triple hop for distance (centimetres), modified T-agility test (seconds), standing and maximum vertical jump reach (centimetres), while wearing two ankle brace conditions and no brace (control). Results were recorded and analysed by a blinded investigator.

Results

There was no significant difference between conditions for average time on the side hop test (F(2,122) = 0.04, P = 0.96); best reach distance on SEBT in anterior (F (2,122) = 0.04, P = 0.96), postero-medial (F(2,122) = 0.08, P = 0.93) and postero-lateral (F(2,122) = 0.08, P = 0.92) directions; best distance performed on the triple hop (F(2,122) = 0.03, P = 0.97); best standing vertical jump performance (F(2,110) = 0.04, P = 0.97); best maximum vertical jump performance (F(2,110) = 0.01, P = 0.99); or best time for the modified T-agility run (F(2,122) = 1.61, P = 0.21).

Conclusions

Practitioners can be assured that functional and balance performances will not be impacted by wearing an ankle brace.

目标比较 KISS 护踝、Aircast 护踝和无护踝对慢性踝关节不稳定患者和非慢性踝关节不稳定患者的功能表现测量以及稳定性、自信心和安心感的影响。方法从普通人群中招募了 42 名参与者（21 名未受伤者和 21 名慢性踝关节不稳定患者），在佩戴两种踝部支撑条件和不佩戴踝部支撑条件（对照组）的情况下，完成一系列功能表现测试，包括侧跳（秒）、星形偏移平衡测试到达距离、三跳距离（厘米）、改良 T 型敏捷性测试（秒）、站立和最大垂直跳跃到达距离（厘米）。结果在侧跳测试的平均时间（F(2,122) = 0.04，P = 0.96）；SEBT 在前方（F(2,122) = 0.04，P = 0.96）、后内侧（F(2,122) = 0.08，P = 0.93）和后外侧（F(2,122) = 0.08，P = 0.92）；三周跳的最佳距离（F（2，122）= 0.03，P = 0.97）；立定纵跳的最佳成绩（F（2，110）= 0.04，P = 0.97）；最大纵跳的最佳成绩（F（2，110）= 0.结论练习者可以放心，佩戴护踝不会影响功能和平衡表现。

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引用次数: 0

Exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for the management of sleep disturbance in primary brain tumour survivors and their caregivers: A study protocol of a clinical trial 运动作为一种非药物干预措施，用于治疗原发性脑肿瘤幸存者及其护理人员的睡眠障碍：临床试验研究方案

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100059

Jason A. Martin , Nicolas H. Hart , Natalie Bradford , Fiona Naumann , Mark B. Pinkham , Elizabeth P. Pinkham , Justin J. Holland

Background

Sleep disturbance is a highly prevalent and impactful symptom experienced by those adversely affected by primary brain tumours. Despite this, there is a lack of literature exploring appropriate options for the management of sleep disturbance in these populations. As such, more holistic and patient-centred approaches to address sleep disturbance are needed. Exercise presents itself as a viable option for managing sleep disturbances given its numerous health benefits, minimal costs, and acceptability, though the feasibility of its use in the context of primary brain tumours is unknown.

Methods

Primary brain tumour survivors and their caregivers will enrol and participate in a supervised, eight-week exercise intervention delivered by telehealth. Feasibility will be assessed using predetermined study metrics, including eligibility, recruitment. and assessment completion rates. Acceptability will be assessed using retention to intervention rates, session attendance, and participant satisfaction. Sleep will be assessed both objectively, using ring sleep trackers, and subjectively, using questionnaires.

Conclusion

This study will be the first to explore the feasibility and acceptability of exercise for the management of sleep disturbance in primary brain tumour survivors and their caregivers. If successful, this protocol will contribute to the development and implementation of appropriate strategies to manage sleep disturbance in these populations.

背景睡眠障碍是原发性脑肿瘤患者普遍存在且影响较大的症状。尽管如此，目前仍缺乏文献探讨治疗这些人群睡眠障碍的适当方案。因此，需要更全面的、以患者为中心的方法来解决睡眠障碍问题。鉴于运动对健康的诸多益处、最低的成本和可接受性，它本身就是一种管理睡眠障碍的可行方案，但其在原发性脑肿瘤中使用的可行性尚不清楚。方法原发性脑肿瘤幸存者及其护理人员将报名并参加通过远程医疗提供的为期八周的监督运动干预。可行性将通过预先确定的研究指标进行评估，包括资格审查率、招募率和评估完成率。可接受性将通过干预保留率、疗程出勤率和参与者满意度进行评估。将使用环形睡眠追踪器对睡眠情况进行客观评估，并使用调查问卷对睡眠情况进行主观评估。结论：本研究将首次探讨运动治疗原发性脑肿瘤幸存者及其护理人员睡眠障碍的可行性和可接受性。如果研究成功，该方案将有助于制定和实施适当的策略来管理这些人群的睡眠障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Focus on cricket and football injuries, plus upcoming special issues 关注板球和足球伤病，以及即将出版的特刊

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100067

Jessica Orchard

引用次数: 0

What are the clinical recommendations for the use of ankle braces? A scoping review 使用踝部支撑的临床建议有哪些？范围审查

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100058

Tomas Megalaa, Paula R. Beckenkamp, Alycia Fong Yan, Claire E. Hiller

Background

Ankle braces can be used in the treatment and prevention of lateral ankle sprains. However, there is a limited understanding and consensus about which type of brace should be used, for how long, and when to stop using ankle braces.

Objective

To review the clinical recommendations made in guidelines or position statements for the use of ankle braces.

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

Ten electronic databases and Google were searched. Guidelines and/or position statements about treatment and/or prevention of lateral ankle sprains or chronic ankle instability were included if derived from a peer-reviewed source or from an official national or international professional group, society or association, and made recommendations on the use ankle braces. Recommendations for brace use and cessation were extracted, collated, reviewed, and presented in tabular format.

Results

Eleven guidelines and two position statements were included. All recommended ankle braces for the treatment of grade I and II ankle sprains and prevention of recurring sprains. Inconsistencies were present for; grade III sprains, the classification and definitions for brace types, the level of restriction ankle braces provide, how long ankle braces should be worn, and indicators for cessation of use.

Conclusion

Ankle braces are recommended for prevention of recurring sprains and the treatment of grade I and II sprains. Further information is needed on the duration or indicators for cessation of ankle brace use. A standardised classification and definitions used for the type of brace, and the level of restriction ankle braces provide is also warranted.

背景踝关节支架可用于治疗和预防外侧踝关节扭伤。然而，对于应该使用哪种类型的护踝、使用多长时间以及何时停止使用护踝，人们的理解和共识还很有限。目的对使用护踝的指南或立场声明中提出的临床建议进行回顾。如果有关外侧踝关节扭伤或慢性踝关节不稳的治疗和/或预防的指南和/或立场声明来自同行评议来源，或来自国家或国际官方专业团体、学会或协会，并对踝关节支架的使用提出了建议，则将其包括在内。对使用和停止使用支架的建议进行了提取、整理、审查，并以表格形式呈现。所有指南都建议使用护踝治疗 I 级和 II 级踝关节扭伤，并预防扭伤复发。在 III 级扭伤、护踝类型的分类和定义、护踝提供的限制程度、护踝应佩戴多长时间以及停止使用的指标等方面存在不一致。还需要进一步了解使用护踝的持续时间或停止使用的指标。此外，还需要对护踝的类型和限制程度进行标准化分类和定义。

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引用次数: 0

Acute response to resistance exercise and later development of arm lymphedema in breast cancer survivors: An exploratory follow-up of a randomized cross-over trial 乳腺癌幸存者对阻力运动的急性反应与手臂淋巴水肿的后期发展：随机交叉试验的探索性后续研究

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100057

Stine Munck , Peter Oturai , Sandra C. Hayes , Kira Bloomquist

Background

In breast cancer survivors at risk for lymphedema, variation in lymphatic function and arm volume has been observed related to a bout of exercise, with potential for prediction of breast cancer-related arm lymphedema (BCRaL). This novel, exploratory study examined the acute lymphatic response to resistance exercise and later development of BCRaL in women at high risk for BCRaL.

Methods

One year after participation in a cross-over trial evaluating the acute lymphatic response to upper-extremity resistance exercise (low-and heavy-load), participants were assessed for BCRaL (n = 16). The response to exercise was assessed before and after (post, 24- and 72-hrs) each exercise bout as extracellular fluid (L-Dex; bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS)), interarm volume % difference (IVD; Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) and symptoms (Numeric rating scale, 0–10 (NRS)). BCRaL at follow-up was defined as presence of one objective indicator (L-Dex >10, change ≥+6.5, IVD >5%) plus one objective or subjective indicator (interarm symptom ≥1 or visual inspection). Descriptive statistics were used to compare the acute response between participants with and without BCRaL at follow-up.

Results

No trends indicating a similar acute response to exercise was observed in participants who later developed BCRaL (n = 5). There were no observable differences in acute lymphatic response between participants that developed BCRaL and those who did not, both at an individual and group level.

Conclusions

Findings from this exploratory study showed no evidence to suggest that the acute response to resistance exercise can predict BCRaL development.

背景在有淋巴水肿风险的乳腺癌幸存者中，人们观察到淋巴功能和手臂体积的变化与一次运动有关，并有可能预测乳腺癌相关手臂淋巴水肿（BCRaL）。这项新颖的探索性研究考察了抗阻力运动的急性淋巴反应以及乳腺癌相关臂淋巴水肿高危女性日后的乳腺癌相关臂淋巴水肿发展情况。在每次运动前后（运动后、24 小时和 72 小时）对运动反应进行评估，包括细胞外液（L-Dex；生物阻抗光谱仪 (BIS)）、臂间容积百分比差（IVD；双能 X 射线吸收仪 (DXA)）和症状（数字评分表，0-10 (NRS)）。随访时的 BCRaL 定义为出现一个客观指标（L-Dex >10，变化≥+6.5，IVD >5%）加上一个客观或主观指标（臂间症状≥1 或目测）。结果在后来发展为 BCRaL 的参与者（n = 5）中，没有观察到对运动有类似急性反应的趋势。结论这项探索性研究的结果表明，没有证据表明阻力运动的急性反应可以预测 BCRaL 的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Using transcranial direct current stimulation to improve outcomes and reduce hip osteoarthritis burden (the STIM HIPS study): A protocol for a randomised, triple blind controlled trial 利用经颅直流电刺激改善疗效并减轻髋关节骨性关节炎负担（STIM HIPS 研究）：随机三盲对照试验方案

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2024.100056

Myles C. Murphy , Janet L. Taylor , Paola Chivers , Jonathan M. Hodgson , Casey Whife , Cobie Starcevich , Liam Tapsell , Joanne Kemp , Andrea Mosler

Background

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), via an electrical current being sent through the brains motor cortex, can elicit pain reduction and improved function in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), compared to a sham. However, it is unknown whether tDCS-induced reductions in pain can be expected in hip OA given differences between hip and knee OA phenotypes.

Methods

Two-armed (n = 39 per arm), triple-blind, randomised controlled trial, with an 8-week intervention window and 8-week post-intervention follow-up assessing the efficacy of real anodal tDCS plus exercise versus sham tDCS plus exercise. Primary outcome measure is the International Hip Outcome Tool–33 (iHOT-33).

Aims

The primary objective of this randomised controlled trial is to quantify the effect of tDCS and exercise on pain, disability and quality of life in people with hip OA. Our secondary objectives include: 1) quantifying the influence of motor cortex excitability and conditioned pain modulation on treatment effects, and 2) quantifying the economic cost/benefit of tDCS for improving health-related quality of life in people with hip OA.

Analysis

Data distributions will be examined for each outcome and guide preliminary statistical between group test selections. Repeated mixed effects models will determine between-group differences for the primary outcome (iHOT-33), accounting for relevant confounders (i.e., age; sex; body mass index; radiographic severity) with relevant model assumptions examined. Secondary analysis will determine between-group differences for the other outcomes of interest (cortex excitability and conditioned pain modulation).

Implications

This randomised controlled trial investigates a novel intervention to improve pain, function and quality of life in people with hip OA.

背景经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）通过向大脑运动皮层发送电流，与假刺激相比，能减轻膝关节骨性关节炎（OA）患者的疼痛并改善其功能。然而，鉴于髋关节OA和膝关节OA表型的差异，tDCS诱导的疼痛减轻是否可用于髋关节OA尚不得而知。方法双臂（每臂39人）、三盲、随机对照试验，8周干预窗口期和8周干预后随访，评估真实阳极tDCS加运动与假tDCS加运动的疗效。这项随机对照试验的主要目的是量化 tDCS 和运动对髋关节 OA 患者疼痛、残疾和生活质量的影响。我们的次要目标包括1) 量化运动皮层兴奋性和条件性疼痛调节对治疗效果的影响，以及 2) 量化 tDCS 在改善髋关节 OA 患者健康相关生活质量方面的经济成本/效益。重复混合效应模型将确定主要结果（iHOT-33）的组间差异，并考虑相关混杂因素（即年龄、性别、体重指数、放射学严重程度）和相关模型假设。二次分析将确定其他相关结果（大脑皮层兴奋性和条件性疼痛调节）的组间差异。意义这项随机对照试验研究了一种新型干预方法，以改善髋关节 OA 患者的疼痛、功能和生活质量。

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