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Purpose

Examine the impact of the EXercise for Cancer to Enhance Living Well's (EXCEL) 10–12-week exercise and behaviour change support intervention on secondary effectiveness outcomes, including patient-reported outcomes, physical function, and program satisfaction.

Methods

Individuals with cancer up to 3 years post treatment with any tumour type were eligible. Outcomes were measured at baseline and immediately following the 10–12-week intervention. Patient-reported outcomes included participant characteristics, overall well-being, cognition, fatigue, symptom severity, exercise barrier self-efficacy, and program satisfaction. Physical function included shoulder flexion, 30-s sit to stand, sit and reach, 2-min step test or 6-min walk test (in-person only), and single leg balance. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess changes in patient-reported outcomes and physical function assessments from baseline to 12-weeks.

Results

A total of 804 participants enrolled in the study in the first 2.5-years, with 699 completing the intervention. Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Rosenthal coefficients (r) showed significant (p ​< ​0.05) small improvements in well-being (r ​= ​0.10), fatigue (r ​= ​0.25), symptom severity (r ​= ​0.17), and self-efficacy (r ​= ​0.11). Significant (p ​< ​0.01) moderate to large improvements were observed for the 30-s sit to stand (r ​= ​0.54), sit and reach (left: r ​= ​0.46; right: r ​= ​0.41), 2-min step test (r ​= ​0.66), 6-min walk test (r ​= ​0.52), and single leg balance (left: r ​= ​0.32; right: r ​= ​0.34) assessments. Participants reported high satisfaction with program staff (average ​= ​4.5/5) and that the program was beneficial and enjoyable (average ​= ​4.6/5).

Conclusion

EXCEL's group-based exercise program with behaviour change support, delivered in an online supervised setting to individuals living with cancer, may improve patient-reported outcomes and physical function and is associated with high participant satisfaction.

For over 100 years there has been an academic pursuit of understanding and applying the principals of sport psychology to improve athletic performance. How is it that certain athletes do their best when it means the most while others “choke”? Meeting and exceeding the challenges that are presented can completely change the trajectory of any athlete's career. What is it that separates the good from the great and the great from the superstars? Is it motivation, preparation, determination, discipline, commitment, natural talent, physical strength, or work ethic? Maybe it is a combination of all of these characteristics. Without the right mentality everything can fall apart. In Alcoholics Anonymous, it is said, “you don't have a drinking problem – you have a thinking problem.” The evidence is quite clear that the mental game can have a substantial impact, both for the better and for the worse, on performance. In this perspectives and viewpoints, we share our own insights from our experience for athletes to obtain the ultra-mentality and maximise their athletic performance. We have attempted to take simple words to briefly explain complicated concepts.

Objectives

The Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) assesses functional capacity. We determined the reference range distance walked, heart rate change, and breathlessness in healthy women.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Methods

100 nulliparous women aged 18–40 performed two 6MWTs, with the second performed after heart rate returned to baseline. Borg scales compared expected and true breathlessness.

Results

Reference range was 472–758 ​m, with distance mean (SD) of 615 (73.0) metres. Heart rate increase during exercise was 11 (11.8) beats per minute, recovering to baseline in 4.5 (3.9) minutes. 63 ​% of women overestimated breathlessness.

Conclusions

These data represent reference values for functional evaluation of healthy young women.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of injuries; time-loss and non-time loss, in elite male academy cricket.

Design

Prospective cohort analysis.

Methods

Annual injury incidence and prevalence from all cricket related injuries were calculated for 348 male academy players (under-13 to under-18) from the 18 First-Class County Cricket clubs in England and Wales across four years (2017/18, 2018/19, 2020/21 and 2021/22), in accordance with the updated consensus statement for injury surveillance methods in cricket.

Results

The average annual injury incidence was 115.0 injuries/100 players/year, with similar rates between time-loss (59.7 injuries/100 players/year) and non-time loss injury incidence (55.3 injuries/100 players/year). On average, 8.5 ​% of players were unavailable on any given day of the year due to injury. Match injury incidence (48.8 injuries/100 players/year) was higher than cricket-based training (25.2 injuries/100 players/year), gym-based training, illness, and ‘other’ injury incidences. Match bowling was the activity associated with the highest total (17.7 injuries/100 players/year), time-loss (10.3 injuries/100 players/year) and non-time loss (7.4 injuries/100 players/year) injury incidence. The lumbar spine was the body location most frequently injured (15.3 injuries/100 players/year) and was the most prevalent body location injured (2.9 ​% of players).

Conclusions

The findings from this study provide, robust evidence of the extent of the injury problem in elite male academy cricketers. Bowling poses the greatest risk to players and the lumbar spine is the most common and prevalent injury location.

Objective

This randomised repeated measures study explored the effect of ball pressure and maximal isometric neck strength on head acceleration during purposeful heading in adult football players during heading drills within a laboratory environment.

Methods

Recreational football players (n ​= ​17) attended one familiarisation session to determine baseline maximal isometric neck strength, followed by two experimental sessions where they randomly trialled two conditions (>72-h apart). The first condition included 20 rotational headers with a match-ball at low-pressure (58.6 ​kPa; 8.5 psi) and the second included 20 rotational headers with a match-ball at high-pressure (103.4 ​kPa; 15.0 psi) whilst instrumented with an inertial measurement unit.

Results

A statistically significant difference between conditions for both peak linear head acceleration (F ​= ​15.2; p= ​ < ​ 0.001) and peak angular head velocity (F ​= ​5.71; p ​= ​0.018) during purposeful heading. The low-pressure ball condition demonstrated a 12 ​% reduction in peak linear acceleration and 6 ​% reduction in peak angular velocity when compared with high-pressure ball condition. Additionally, neck strength significantly predicted head acceleration during purposeful heading (p ​ = ​ <0.05).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that lower ball pressure and higher neck strength can lower head acceleration during heading in adult football players during heading drills within a laboratory environment.