JSAMS plus最新文献_第3页

Identifying training factors for injury risk reduction in UK elite figure skaters – A pilot study 确定英国精英花样滑冰运动员受伤风险降低的训练因素-一项试点研究

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100112

Thomas A. Naylor

Background

Overuse injuries and stress fractures are common in figure skating. Risk reduction strategies based on the current available evidence may not be fully utilised by senior elite skaters in the UK. This study aimed to establish the training practices of this cohort and identify areas for improvement.

Methods

An anonymous survey with 34 questions was distributed to all athletes from the senior British National Figure Skating Championships in the UK (n = 28) detailing training practices, injury prevention strategies, nutritional habits, and injury history and knowledge. Comparisons were made against recommended best practices from available literature with analyses for injury prevalence and gender or discipline (Fisher's exact test).

Results

Responses from 16 athletes demonstrated previous major injury (4 weeks away from training) in 81 %, and 13 % had sustained stress fractures. High uptake in the use of rest days (100 %) and strength and conditioning training (94 %) was demonstrated. No skaters regularly monitored jump loads. Dietary monitoring was performed by 31 % of respondents, with 44 % of skaters reporting previous nutritional deficiency diagnosis. All skaters (100 %) desired better injury prevention education.

Conclusion

Load monitoring, including jump counts, dietary tracking, and provision of accessible educational resources for skaters and coaches are areas of potential improvement in practice and future research. Screening for vitamin D and iron deficiency may be of benefit in this population.

过度使用损伤和应力性骨折在花样滑冰中很常见。基于现有证据的风险降低策略可能不会被英国高级精英滑冰运动员充分利用。本研究旨在建立该队列的培训实践，并确定需要改进的领域。方法对参加英国国家花样滑冰高级锦标赛的28名运动员进行匿名调查，问卷共包含34个问题，调查内容包括训练方法、损伤预防策略、营养习惯、损伤史和知识。与现有文献中推荐的最佳实践进行比较，分析损伤发生率和性别或学科（Fisher精确检验）。结果来自16名运动员的反馈表明81%的运动员有过重大损伤（距离训练4周），13%的运动员有过持续性应力性骨折。在休息日的使用（100%）和力量和调节训练（94%）中表现出高吸收率。没有溜冰者定期监测跳跃负荷。31%的受访者进行了饮食监测，44%的滑冰运动员报告了以前的营养缺乏症诊断。所有的滑冰运动员（100%）都希望得到更好的伤害预防教育。结论负荷监测，包括起跳计数，饮食跟踪，以及为滑冰运动员和教练提供无障碍的教育资源，是实践和未来研究中可能改进的领域。筛查维生素D和铁缺乏症可能对这一人群有益。

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引用次数: 0

Support needs assessment tool for people with disability wanting to participate in sport and exercise (SNAT-SE): Usability and acceptability testing 为想要参加运动和锻炼的残疾人提供的支持需求评估工具（SNAT-SE）：可用性和可接受性测试

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100111

Jessica Hill , Kelly Clanchy , Stewart Trost , Jennifer Fleming , Emma Beckman , Sean Tweedy , Iain Dutia , Sjaan Gomersall

Background

People with disability participate in sport and exercise at lower rates than the general population. Health and fitness professionals’ lack of knowledge regarding the support needs of people with disability has been identified as a major barrier to participation. To address this barrier, we developed a support needs assessment tool for people with disability wanting to participate in sport and exercise. The present study explored the usability and acceptability of the tool from the perspectives of the end-users.

Method

An online survey was used to gather data on the usability and acceptability of the tool from the perspectives of people with disability, health professionals, community-based fitness professionals, and relevant researchers.

Results

A total of 52 people completed the survey. Participants reported that the SNAT-SE was a useful and acceptable tool to assess the support needs of people with disability wanting to participate in sport and exercise. Participants also provided recommendations on refinements to further enhance the use of the tool. Refinements included increased clarity of the language used throughout the tool, a reduction in the overall length and flexibility in administration to reduce the time burden, and modifications to ensure all disability populations could equally benefit from the tool.

Conclusion

Overall, the tool showed good usability and acceptability. Further research is required to evaluate the tool's effectiveness in improving the confidence and quality of service delivery of health and fitness professionals supporting people with disability to participate in sport and exercise.

残疾人参加体育运动和锻炼的比例低于一般人群。保健和健身专业人员对残疾人的支助需求缺乏了解已被确定为参与的主要障碍。为了解决这一障碍，我们开发了一种支持需求评估工具，用于希望参加体育运动和锻炼的残疾人。本研究从最终用户的角度探讨了该工具的可用性和可接受性。方法采用在线调查的方式，从残疾人、卫生专业人员、社区健身专业人员和相关研究人员的角度收集工具的可用性和可接受性数据。结果共有52人完成了调查。与会者报告说，SNAT-SE是一个有用和可接受的工具，用于评估希望参加体育和锻炼的残疾人的支持需求。与会者还提出了改进建议，以进一步加强该工具的使用。改进包括提高整个工具所用语言的清晰度，减少总体长度和管理灵活性以减少时间负担，并进行修改以确保所有残疾人都能从该工具中平等受益。结论总体而言，该工具具有良好的可用性和可接受性。需要进一步研究以评估该工具在提高保健和健身专业人员支持残疾人参加运动和锻炼的信心和服务质量方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

An analysis of people with disabilities in Australia by age, sex, disability type and severity – Implications for leveraging the 2032 Paralympic games to increase physical activity participation 对澳大利亚残疾人的年龄、性别、残疾类型和严重程度的分析——对利用2032年残奥会增加体育活动参与的影响

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100110

Sean Tweedy , Kathryn Fortnum , George Thomas , Damien Cole , Bridget Demetriou , Iain Dutia , Jessica Hill , John Cairney , Emma Beckman

Objectives

Australia’s bid for the 2032 Paralympic Games included a commitment to increasing sport participation among people with disabilities by 500,000. Realising this legacy will require an accurate understanding of the composition of the Australian disability population – age, sex, disability type and disability severity – as well as current Para sport participation rates.

Design and methods

Collation and synthesis of publicly available data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and Para sport master lists.

Results

Among 4.37M Australians with disability, 44.5 % were aged ≥65 yrs. Of those aged <65 yrs, the maximum population that could be eligible for Para sport comprise 529,800 with intellectual disability, 85,900 with sight loss, and 802,000 with physical disability. Many high-prevalence disability types are not eligible for Para sport (e.g., hearing loss = 1.07M; psychosocial disability = 1.14M) and sport may not be appropriate for other types (e.g., chronic pain/discomfort = 1.46M). Compared with others with disability, those with severe/profound disabilities are least active (17.4 % meet physical activity guidelines) and underrepresented in sport (3.2 % of Para athletes with physical impairment have high support needs).

Conclusions

Increasing participation in any form of physical activity – including Para sports and other sports – by 500,000 would be a more achievable and inclusive legacy goal than increasing sports participation alone. Such an approach would cater for high-prevalence disability groups for whom commencement of competitive sport may not be suitable (e.g., >65 yrs, chronic pain). To permit safe, effective engagement in sport/physical activity for individuals with severe impairments and high support needs, investment in development and implementation of specialised, evidence-based programs is required.

澳大利亚申办2032年残奥会时，承诺将残疾人参与体育运动的人数增加50万。要实现这一遗产，需要准确了解澳大利亚残疾人口的构成——年龄、性别、残疾类型和残疾严重程度——以及目前残疾人运动的参与率。设计和方法整理和综合来自澳大利亚统计局、澳大利亚卫生和福利研究所和残疾人运动总名单的公开数据。结果437万澳大利亚残疾人中，年龄≥65岁的占44.5%。在65岁的老年人中，有资格参加残疾人运动的最大人数包括529,800名智障人士、85,900名视力丧失人士和80.2万名身体残疾人士。许多高患病率残疾类型不符合残疾人运动资格(例如，听力损失= 1.07M；心理残疾= 1.14M)，运动可能不适合其他类型（例如，慢性疼痛/不适= 1.46M）。与其他残障人士相比，重度/重度残障人士活动最少（17.4%符合身体活动指南），在体育运动中的代表性不足（3.2%的残障残疾人运动员有很高的支持需求）。增加50万人参加任何形式的体育活动——包括残疾人运动和其他运动——比仅仅增加体育参与更容易实现，更具有包容性。这种方法将满足高患病率的残疾群体，他们可能不适合开始竞技体育（例如，65岁，慢性疼痛）。为了让严重残疾和高支持需求的个人安全、有效地参与体育/身体活动，需要投资开发和实施专门的、以证据为基础的项目。

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引用次数: 0

Developing disability inclusive coaching principles within community recreational sport programming for children 在社区儿童娱乐体育项目中制定包容残疾的指导原则

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100109

Roxy H. O’Rourke , Tara Joy Knibbe , Amy C. McPherson , Guy E. Faulkner , F. Virginia Wright , Kelly P. Arbour-Nicitopoulos

Background

Positive sport experiences for children are essential to establish long-term sport engagement. Coaches play a key role in fostering quality sport experiences for all children. For children with disabilities, caregivers are often closely involved in their sport participation, particularly when additional support is needed, and their perspectives can offer valuable insight into sport program experiences. The purpose of this study was to understand the role coaches have in optimizing the participation experiences of children in recreation-level sport programs. Specifically, this study aimed to explore children’s, caregivers', and coaches' perceptions of the coaching role in recreational sport programs that involve children with and without disabilities.

Methods

Individual interviews were conducted with 14 children (seven with disabilities), 15 caregivers, and 12 recreational sport coaches. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes were generated during the analysis: (a) creating avenues for connection (two subthemes), (b) an environment focused on child empowerment (two subthemes), (c) autonomy-supportive coaching practices (three subthemes), and (d) flexibility and adapting the program to suit everyone (two subthemes). A family-centered coaching approach that prioritizes developing rapport with caregivers to enhance the child’s participation needs is key, especially in sport settings that include children with diverse abilities.

Conclusions

Coaches should employ autonomy-supportive coaching, supporting child connections without forcing them, and provide each child with opportunities for challenge and success. Doing so can help to foster quality participation experiences for children during this formative time to contribute to lasting sport involvement.

儿童积极的体育体验对于建立长期的体育参与至关重要。教练在为所有儿童提供高质量的体育体验方面发挥着关键作用。对于残疾儿童，照顾者通常密切参与他们的体育活动，特别是在需要额外支持的情况下，他们的观点可以为体育项目经验提供有价值的见解。本研究的目的是了解教练在优化儿童在娱乐水平的体育项目参与体验中的作用。具体而言，本研究旨在探讨儿童、照顾者和教练在涉及残疾儿童和非残疾儿童的休闲体育项目中对教练角色的看法。方法对14名儿童（7名残疾儿童）、15名护理人员和12名休闲运动教练员进行单独访谈。访谈记录分析采用归纳主题分析。结果在分析过程中产生了四个主题：(a)创造联系途径（两个副主题），(b)专注于儿童赋权的环境（两个副主题），(c)自主支持的指导实践（三个副主题），以及(d)灵活性和调整计划以适应每个人（两个副主题）。以家庭为中心的教练方法，优先发展与照顾者的关系，以提高儿童的参与需求是关键，特别是在包括不同能力儿童的体育环境中。结论教师应采用自主支持的指导，支持孩子们建立联系，而不是强迫他们，并为每个孩子提供挑战和成功的机会。这样做有助于在这一形成时期为儿童培养高质量的参与经验，从而促进持久的体育参与。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of isometric vs. dynamic resistance training on muscle performance and body composition: Protocol for a pilot study 等长与动态阻力训练对肌肉性能和身体成分的影响：初步研究方案

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100108

Morteza Ghayomzadeh , Alex Natera , Angelo Sabag , Brock Cooper , Glen M. Davis , Daniel A. Hackett

Background

Isometric resistance training (ISO-RT) has gained renewed attention for its potential to elicit muscular adaptations and enhance athletic performance. Unlike dynamic resistance training (DYN-RT), ISO-RT involves no joint movement or eccentric loading, making it particularly suitable for individuals with joint pathologies or those undergoing rehabilitation. Despite increasing interest, the comparative effectiveness of ISO-RT versus DYN-RT across various outcomes, including strength, hypertrophy, endurance, and recovery, remains inadequately explored.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of multi-angle ISO-RT and traditional DYN-RT on muscle performance, body composition, and recovery-related indicators in healthy adults.

Methods

In this pilot randomised controlled trial, 20 healthy adults (≥18 years) will be randomly assigned to either the ISO-RT or DYN-RT group (n = 10 per group). Both groups will complete a full-body resistance training program twice weekly for six weeks. The key distinction lies in the execution of the chest press and leg press exercises—performed isometrically in the ISO-RT group and dynamically in the DYN-RT group. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.

Analysis

Primary outcomes include dynamic and isometric strength. Secondary outcomes encompass muscular power, dynamic and isometric endurance, body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle oxygenation (via near-infrared spectroscopy), and subjective recovery indicators such as sleep quality and delayed onset muscle soreness. Between-group comparisons will be conducted using appropriate inferential statistical tests to determine effect estimates and feasibility metrics.

Discussion/implications

This trial will offer preliminary insights into the physiological and perceptual adaptations elicited by ISO-RT versus DYN-RT. The findings will inform the design of larger-scale trials and contribute to developing tailored, evidence-based resistance training guidelines for both clinical and athletic populations.

disometric resistance training （ISO-RT）因其诱导肌肉适应和提高运动成绩的潜力而重新受到关注。与动态阻力训练（DYN-RT）不同，ISO-RT不涉及关节运动或偏心负荷，使其特别适合有关节病变或正在进行康复的个体。尽管越来越多的人对ISO-RT和DYN-RT在各种结果（包括力量、肥大、耐力和恢复）上的比较效果感兴趣，但仍未充分探讨。本研究旨在评估和比较多角度ISO-RT和传统DYN-RT对健康成人肌肉性能、身体成分和恢复相关指标的影响。方法在本随机对照试验中，20名健康成人（≥18岁）将被随机分配到ISO-RT组或DYN-RT组（每组n = 10）。两组都将完成为期六周的全身阻力训练项目，每周两次。关键的区别在于胸部按压和腿部按压练习的执行——ISO-RT组是等距按压，DYN-RT组是动态按压。所有结果将在基线和干预后进行评估。主要结果包括动态和等距强度。次要结果包括肌肉力量、动态和等长耐力、身体成分（通过双能x线吸收仪）、肌肉氧合（通过近红外光谱）和主观恢复指标，如睡眠质量和延迟性肌肉酸痛。组间比较将使用适当的推论统计检验来确定效果估计和可行性指标。讨论/意义本试验将提供ISO-RT与DYN-RT引起的生理和知觉适应的初步见解。这些发现将为更大规模试验的设计提供信息，并有助于为临床和运动人群制定量身定制的、基于证据的阻力训练指南。

{"title":"Effects of isometric vs. dynamic resistance training on muscle performance and body composition: Protocol for a pilot study","authors":"Morteza Ghayomzadeh , Alex Natera , Angelo Sabag , Brock Cooper , Glen M. Davis , Daniel A. Hackett","doi":"10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Isometric resistance training (ISO-RT) has gained renewed attention for its potential to elicit muscular adaptations and enhance athletic performance. Unlike dynamic resistance training (DYN-RT), ISO-RT involves no joint movement or eccentric loading, making it particularly suitable for individuals with joint pathologies or those undergoing rehabilitation. Despite increasing interest, the comparative effectiveness of ISO-RT versus DYN-RT across various outcomes, including strength, hypertrophy, endurance, and recovery, remains inadequately explored.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of multi-angle ISO-RT and traditional DYN-RT on muscle performance, body composition, and recovery-related indicators in healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this pilot randomised controlled trial, 20 healthy adults (≥18 years) will be randomly assigned to either the ISO-RT or DYN-RT group (n = 10 per group). Both groups will complete a full-body resistance training program twice weekly for six weeks. The key distinction lies in the execution of the chest press and leg press exercises—performed isometrically in the ISO-RT group and dynamically in the DYN-RT group. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Analysis</h3><div>Primary outcomes include dynamic and isometric strength. Secondary outcomes encompass muscular power, dynamic and isometric endurance, body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle oxygenation (via near-infrared spectroscopy), and subjective recovery indicators such as sleep quality and delayed onset muscle soreness. Between-group comparisons will be conducted using appropriate inferential statistical tests to determine effect estimates and feasibility metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion/implications</h3><div>This trial will offer preliminary insights into the physiological and perceptual adaptations elicited by ISO-RT versus DYN-RT. The findings will inform the design of larger-scale trials and contribute to developing tailored, evidence-based resistance training guidelines for both clinical and athletic populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74029,"journal":{"name":"JSAMS plus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-guided intra-muscular botulinum toxin A in athletes with chronic adductor-related groin-pain: A retrospective observational study 超声引导下肌内肉毒杆菌毒素A治疗慢性内收肌相关腹股沟疼痛运动员：一项回顾性观察研究

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100105

Julien Orhan , Romain Garofoli , Émilie Alperin , Fabien Ladauge , Jennifer Zauderer , Guillaume Paris , François Rannou , Christelle Nguyen , Marie-Martine Lefèvre-Colau

Introduction

Chronic adductor-related groin pain (AP) is a frequent and disabling sport condition. Intra-muscular injection of botulinum toxin A may have positive effects on pain in some chronic tendinitis. We aimed to describe the short-term evolution of pain, activity limitations and quality of life, after an injection of the adductor longus with botulinum toxin A, as an add-on therapy to standard of care in patients with chronic AP.

Method

We conducted a retrospective observational single-centered study. We included individuals with clinical and MRI chronic AP, for whom medical and/or surgical treatments have failed and who were treated with an intra-muscular injection of botulinum toxin A (100 units of botulinum toxin A in the adductor longus) under ultrasound guidance. Participants were assessed 50 days after injection for pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and for activity limitations and quality of life using the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Participants were also asked to self-report adverse events.

Results

We included 20 participants. Mean age was 34.3 (11.7) years and mean symptom duration was 48.9 (61.6) months. Mean pain decreased from 55.3 (SD [22.4] before injection to 38.3 [21.7], 50 days after injection (p = 0.027). Each of the 6 HAGOS subscales improved before and after injection. No serious adverse events were self-reported by the patients included in the main analysis.

Conclusion

In this retrospective uncontrolled trial, we observed a numerical decrease in pain intensity in individuals with chronic AP 50 days after intra-muscular botulinum toxin A injection in the adductor longus.

慢性内收肌相关腹股沟疼痛（AP）是一种常见的致残性运动疾病。肌内注射肉毒毒素A对某些慢性肌腱炎的疼痛有积极作用。我们的目的是描述慢性ap患者在标准护理的辅助治疗下，注射肉毒杆菌毒素A后，疼痛、活动限制和生活质量的短期演变。我们纳入了临床和MRI慢性AP患者，他们的药物和/或手术治疗失败，并在超声引导下肌肉内注射肉毒毒素A（在长内收肌注射100单位肉毒毒素A）。注射后50天，参与者使用数值评定量表（NRS）评估疼痛，使用哥本哈根髋关节和腹股沟结局评分（HAGOS）评估活动限制和生活质量。参与者还被要求自我报告不良事件。结果共纳入20例受试者。平均年龄为34.3（11.7）岁，平均症状持续时间为48.9（61.6）个月。平均疼痛从注射前的55.3 （SD[22.4]）降至注射后50 d的38.3 (21.7)（p = 0.027）。注射前后HAGOS 6个子量表均有改善。纳入主分析的患者未自述严重不良事件。在这项回顾性无对照试验中，我们观察到慢性AP患者在长内收肌内注射肉毒杆菌毒素50天后疼痛强度的数值下降。

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引用次数: 0

The player salary costs of match-loss injury and illness at an Australian Football League Club: A six-season retrospective cohort study 澳大利亚足球联赛俱乐部比赛失利伤病的球员工资成本：一项六个赛季的回顾性队列研究

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100104

Matthew R. Turnbull , Tania F. Gallo , Hannah E. Carter , Michael Drew , Liam A. Toohey , Jocelyn Mara , Gordon Waddington

Background

The objective of this study was to quantify the salary costs of match-loss injuries and illnesses at a single professional AFL club.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study involving male professional AFL players across a six-season period (2016–2021). Analysis of player injury and illness data, and corresponding salary data, was performed with costs calculated using the human capital method.

Results

There were 95 individual players across the six-seasons, with 79 unique diagnoses, 267 match-loss injuries or illnesses and 1130 matches missed. The total salary cost of match-loss injury and illness was AU$13.0 million across the period. Hamstring biceps femoris grade 1–2 strains had the highest proportion of these costs according to diagnosis (AU$1.3 million, 30 incidences, 10.0 % of total salary costs), followed by soleus strains (AU$1.1 million, 20 incidences, 8.7 %) and concussions (AU$1.1 million, 25 incidences, 8.4 %). Of the most frequent injuries, hamstring semimembranosus strains had the highest mean (SD) cost per injury occurrence at AU$139,988 (126,023), followed by knee anterior cruciate ligament injuries at AU$99,264 (105,086). Injury or illness costs as a proportion of the total salary spend across six seasons was 17 % (range 10 %–22 %).

Conclusion

Match-loss injuries and illnesses incur a considerable financial cost relative to the player salary expenditure. This study may provide a costing model for sports businesses to utilise as an approach to inform resource allocation decisions, particularly in relation to injury management and prevention.

本研究的目的是量化一个AFL职业俱乐部的比赛失利伤病的工资成本。方法回顾性队列研究，涉及6个赛季（2016-2021年）的男性职业AFL球员。对球员伤病数据和相应的工资数据进行分析，并使用人力资本法计算成本。结果6个赛季共有95名个体球员，79例特殊诊断，267场比赛失利伤病，1130场比赛缺席。在整个期间，比赛失利受伤和疾病的薪金费用总额为1 300万澳元。根据诊断，腿筋股二头肌1-2级劳损所占的成本比例最高（130万澳元，30例，占总工资成本的10.0%），其次是比目鱼劳损（110万澳元，20例，8.7%）和脑震荡（110万澳元，25例，8.4%）。在最常见的损伤中，腿筋半膜损伤株每次损伤的平均（SD）成本最高，为139,988澳元（126,023），其次是膝关节前交叉韧带损伤，为99,264澳元（105,086）。伤病费用在六个赛季的总工资支出中所占的比例为17%（范围为10% - 22%）。结论与球员工资支出相比，比赛失利伤病造成了相当大的经济损失。这项研究可能为体育企业提供一个成本模型，作为一种方法，为资源分配决策提供信息，特别是在伤害管理和预防方面。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review of sample representativeness and homogeneity in exercise trials using group designs for people with cerebral palsy 脑性麻痹患者组设计运动试验中样本代表性和同质性的系统评价

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100103

S.M. Tweedy , I.M. Dutia , L. Caughey , B. Demetriou , E.M. Beckman , J. Cairney

Background

Evidence quality from exercise trials which use group designs is partly dependent on whether study samples represent the population and acceptable sample homogeneity is achieved. This study aimed to review studies evaluating exercise training for people with cerebral palsy (CP) and appraise to what extent i) participants were representative of people with CP; and ii) internal validity was threatened by sample heterogeneity.

Methods

A search of 5 major databases was conducted to identify exercise trials which use group designs for people with CP. Participant characteristics were extracted and used to divide participants into sub-populations. Indicative Participant Prevalence Ratio (iPPR) was calculated to assess representativeness. Sample homogeneity was appraised for each study.

Results

Fifty-one studies evaluating 836 participants were appraised. Adults comprise 60 % of the CP population but were grossly underrepresented (iPPR<0.4). Older adults, people with dyskinetic and ataxic CP and wheelchair users were also grossly underrepresented. The number of studies that accounted for key prognostic variables was: age - 26 studies (51 %); sex - 0 studies (0 %); neurological subtype - 21 studies (41 %); functional effects - 14 studies (27 %) and comorbidities - 1 study (2 %).

Conclusion

Adults with CP and people with high support needs are underrepresented, and future research should prioritise this subpopulation. Trials using group designs require researchers to reconcile two competing interests – adequate sample size and sample homogeneity and to date, sample homogeneity has received insufficient priority. This threatens internal validity and, consequently, the overall quality of evidence underpinning clinical exercise prescription is likely to be lower than previously thought.

使用组设计的运动试验的证据质量部分取决于研究样本是否代表总体，以及样本是否达到可接受的均匀性。本研究旨在回顾评估脑瘫患者运动训练的研究，并评估i)参与者在多大程度上代表脑瘫患者；ii)内部效度受到样本异质性的威胁。方法对5个主要数据库进行检索，找出采用分组设计的CP患者运动试验，提取参与者特征并将参与者划分为亚群。计算指示性参与者患病率（iPPR）以评估代表性。对每项研究进行样本均匀性评价。结果共对51项研究836名参与者进行了评价。成人占CP人群的60%，但代表性严重不足（iPPR<0.4）。老年人、运动障碍和共济失调CP患者以及轮椅使用者的比例也严重不足。考虑关键预后变量的研究数量为：年龄- 26项研究（51%）；性别- 0项研究（0%）；神经学亚型：21项研究（41%）；功能效应：14项研究（27%），合并症：1项研究（2%）。结论成年CP患者和高支持需求人群的代表性不足，未来的研究应优先考虑这一人群。使用组设计的试验要求研究人员调和两个相互竞争的利益——足够的样本量和样本同质性，而到目前为止，样本同质性还没有得到足够的重视。这威胁到内部有效性，因此，支持临床运动处方的证据的整体质量可能比以前认为的要低。

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引用次数: 0

Sudden cardiac death in young First Nations Australians in the Northern Territory, Australia: Potential implications for pre-participation screening 在澳大利亚北部地区的年轻第一民族澳大利亚人的心源性猝死：参与前筛查的潜在影响

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100100

Sonali Pande , Viran DeSilva , Elizabeth Paratz , Marianne Tiemensma , Nadarajah Kangaharan

Objective

To present data from coronial records on sudden cardiac death (SCD) cases seen in young, First Nations Australians in the Northern Territory of Australia, estimate its incidence, and propose potential pre-participation screening strategies.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Methods

Coronial records of sudden cardiac death cases in First Nations Australians in the Northern Territory under 40 years of age occurring between 2019 and 2023 were reviewed to study the incidence, demographics, medical history, circumstances of death and causes of death with autopsy and toxicology analysis.

Results

A total of 59 SCD cases in First Nations Australians under 40 years of age were recorded in the Northern Territory with an annual incidence of 19.8 cases per 100,000 persons. The mean ± SD of age was 32.8 ± 6.14 years. There were 61 % male and 2/3 of SCD cases occurred in remote location. Coronary heart disease (n = 36; 61 %) was the most common cause of death. In 3 cases, SCD was related to sports or exercise activity. Most common medical co-morbidities were cardiac (38.9 %), Diabetes mellitus (35.6 %), and rheumatic heart disease (20.3 %). Smoking (37.3 %) and alcohol abuse (32.2 %) were the most common risk factors.

Conclusions

SCD is more common and coronary heart disease and rheumatic heart disease are the most common causes in First Nations Australians in the Northern Territory under the age of 40 years. Medical co-morbidities and risk factors are prevalent in this population. There is a need for First Nation Australians specific local guidelines for a comprehensive pre-participation Heart-Health assessment.

目的介绍澳大利亚北部地区土著澳大利亚年轻人心脏性猝死（SCD）病例的冠状记录数据，估计其发病率，并提出潜在的参与前筛查策略。设计回顾性观察性研究。方法回顾2019年至2023年期间发生在北领地40岁以下土著澳大利亚人的心脏性猝死病例的记录，通过尸检和毒理学分析研究发病率、人口统计学、病史、死亡情况和死亡原因。结果北领地40岁以下土著澳大利亚人共记录了59例SCD病例，年发病率为每10万人19.8例。年龄的平均值±SD为32.8±6.14岁。61%为男性，2/3的SCD病例发生在偏远地区。冠心病(n = 36；（61%）是最常见的死亡原因。3例SCD与运动或运动活动有关。最常见的合并症是心脏病（38.9%）、糖尿病（35.6%）和风湿性心脏病（20.3%）。吸烟（37.3%）和酗酒（32.2%）是最常见的危险因素。结论在北领地40岁以下的澳大利亚原住民中，scd更为常见，冠心病和风湿性心脏病是最常见的病因。医疗合并症和危险因素在这一人群中普遍存在。有必要为参与前心脏健康全面评估制定澳大利亚第一民族具体的当地指导方针。

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引用次数: 0

A new urgency: addressing sudden cardiac death in young First Nations Australians through comprehensive screening 新的紧迫性：通过全面筛查解决年轻的澳大利亚第一民族的心源性猝死

JSAMS plus

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100101

Jessica J. Orchard, Nathan Luies, Rajesh Puranik, John W. Orchard

引用次数: 0