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Genetic Characterization of Kidney Failure of Unknown Etiology in Spain: Findings From the GENSEN Study 西班牙不明病因肾衰竭的遗传特征:来自 GENSEN 研究的发现
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.04.021
Miquel Blasco , Borja Quiroga , José M. García-Aznar , Cristina Castro-Alonso , Saulo J. Fernández-Granados , Enrique Luna , Gema Fernández Fresnedo , Marta Ossorio , María Jesús Izquierdo , Didier Sanchez-Ospina , Laura Castañeda-Infante , Ricardo Mouzo , Mercedes Cao , María L. Besada-Cerecedo , Ricardo Pan-Lizcano , Roser Torra , Alberto Ortiz , Patricia de Sequera

Rationale & Objective

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDUE) is one of the main global causes of kidney failure. Genetic studies may identify an etiology in these patients, but few studies have implemented genetic testing of CKDUE in a population-based series of patients, which was the focus of the GENSEN Study.

Study Design

Case series.

Settings & Participants

818 patients aged ≤45 years at 51 Spanish centers with CKDUE, and either an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or treatment with maintenance dialysis or transplantation.

Observations

Genetic testing for 529 genes associated with inherited nephropathies using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Pathogenic and/or likely pathogenic (P/LP) gene variants concordant with the inheritance pattern were detected in 203 patients (24.8%). Variants in type IV collagen genes were the most frequent (COL4A5, COL4A4, COL4A3; 35% of total gene variants), followed by NPHP1, PAX2, UMOD, MUC1, and INF2 (7.3%, 5.9%, 2.5%, 2.5%, and 2.5%, respectively). Overall, 87 novel variants classified as P/LP were identified. The top 5 most common previously undiagnosed diseases were Alport syndrome spectrum (35% of total positive reports), genetic podocytopathies (19%), nephronophthisis (11%), autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (7%), and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT, 5%). A family history of kidney disease was reported by 191 participants (23.3%) and by 65 of 203 patients (32.0%) with P/LP variants.

Limitations

Missing data, and selection bias resulting from voluntary enrollment.

Conclusions

Genomic testing with HTS identified a genetic cause of kidney disease in approximately one quarter of young patients with CKDUE and advanced kidney disease. These findings suggest that genetic studies are a potentially useful tool for the evaluation of people with CKDUE.

Plain-Language Summary

The cause of kidney disease is unknown for 1 in 5 patients requiring kidney replacement therapy, reflecting possible prior missed treatment opportunities. We assessed the diagnostic utility of genetic testing in children and adults aged ≤45 years with either an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or treatment with maintenance dialysis or transplantation. Genetic testing identified the cause of kidney disease in approximately 1 in 4 patients without a previously known cause of kidney disease, suggesting that genetic studies are a potentially useful tool for the evaluation of these patients.
理由与目标:病因不明的慢性肾脏病(CKD)(CKDUE)是全球肾衰竭的主要原因之一。虽然基因研究可以确定这些患者的病因,但很少有研究对基于人群的系列患者进行 CKDUE 基因检测,而这正是 GENSEN 研究的重点:研究地点和参与者:西班牙 51 个中心的 818 名年龄小于 45 岁的 CKDUE 患者,他们的估计 GFR 值为 2 或接受过维持性透析或移植治疗:使用高通量测序(HTS)对 529 个与遗传性肾病相关的基因进行基因检测。在 203 例(24.8%)患者中检测到与遗传模式一致的致病和/或可能致病(P/LP)基因变异。IV 型胶原基因变异最为常见(COL4A5、COL4A4、COL4A3;占基因变异总数的 35%),其次是 NPHP1、PAX2、UMOD、MUC1 和 INF2(分别为 7.3%、5.9%、2.5%、2.5% 和 2.5%)。总体而言,共鉴定出 87 个归类为 P/LP 的新型变异体。最常见的五种先前未确诊的疾病是:Alport 综合征谱系(占阳性报告总数的 35%)、遗传性荚膜细胞病(19%)、肾炎(11%)、常染色体显性肾小管间质性肾病(7%)和肾脏及泌尿道先天性异常(CAKUT:5%)。191名参与者(23.3%)和65/203名P/LP变异患者(32.0%)报告有肾病家族史:数据缺失。自愿加入导致选择偏差:通过 HTS 进行基因组检测,在约四分之一的 CKDUE 和晚期肾病年轻患者中发现了肾病的遗传原因。这些发现表明,基因研究是评估 CKDUE 患者的潜在有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Humanizing Nephrology: The Power of Social History. 人性化肾脏病学:社会历史的力量。
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.04.014
Rajiv Agarwal
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引用次数: 0
Mitigating the Disparate Impacts of Longevity Matching of Kidney Transplants 减轻肾移植长寿匹配的不同影响。
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.06.002
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引用次数: 0
Waiting 等待
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.03.029
CPT Justin C. Cordova MD
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引用次数: 0
Sex and the Risk of Atheromatous and Nonatheromatous Cardiovascular Disease in CKD: Findings From the CKD-REIN Cohort Study 性别与慢性肾脏病患者罹患动脉粥样硬化性和非动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的风险:CKD-REIN 队列研究的发现。
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.04.013
<div><h3>Rationale & Objective</h3><div>Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well established, but whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) modifies these risk differences and whether they differ between atheromatous CVD (ACVD) and nonatheromatous CVD (NACVD) is unknown. Assessing this interaction was the principal goal of this study.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting & Participants</h3><div>Adults enrolled in the CKD-REIN (CKD-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network) cohort, a nationally representative sample of 40 nephrology clinics in France, from 2013 to 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Sex.</div></div><div><h3>Outcomes</h3><div>Fatal and nonfatal composite ACVD events (ischemic coronary, cerebral, and peripheral artery disease) and composite NACVD events (heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, and arrhythmias).</div></div><div><h3>Analytical Approach</h3><div>Multivariable cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1,044 women and 1,976 men with moderate to severe CKD (median age, 67 vs 69<!--> <!-->y; mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], 32<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12 vs 33<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12<!--> <!-->mL/min/1.73<!--> <!-->m<sup>2</sup>) were studied. During a median follow-up of 5.0 (IQR, 4.8-5.2) years, the ACVD rate (per 100 patient-years) was significantly lower in women than in men, at 2.1 (95% CI, 1.6-2.5) versus 3.6 (3.2-4.0; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01), whereas the NACVD rate was not, at 5.7 (5.0-6.5) versus 6.4 (5.8-7.0; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.55). NACVD had a steeper relationship with eGFR than did ACVD. There was an interaction (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01) between sex and baseline eGFR and the ACVD hazard: the adjusted HR for women versus men was 0.42 (0.25-0.71) at 45<!--> <!-->mL/min/1.73<!--> <!-->m<sup>2</sup> and gradually attenuated at lower levels of eGFR, reaching 1.00 (0.62-1.63) at 16<!--> <!-->mL/min/1.73<!--> <!-->m<sup>2</sup>. In contrast, the NACVD hazard did not differ between sexes across the eGFR range studied.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Cardiovascular biomarkers and sex hormones were not assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study shows how the lower risk of ACVD among women versus men attenuates fully with kidney disease progression. The equal risk of NACVD between sexes across CKD stages and its steeper association with eGFR suggest an important contribution of CKD to the development of this CVD type.</div></div><div><h3>Plain-Language Summary</h3><div>Sex differences in the risks of atheromatous and nonatheromatous cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well established in the general population. If or how chronic kidney disease (CKD) might modify these risks is unknown. In this large cohort of 3,010 patients with CKD, women had a lower risk than men of atheromatous CVDs such as coronary artery disease or strok
理由和目标:心血管疾病(CVD)的性别差异已得到证实,但慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)是否会改变这些风险差异,以及动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ACVD)和非动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(N-ACVD)之间是否存在差异尚不清楚。评估这种相互作用是本研究的主要目标:前瞻性队列研究:2013年至2020年,法国40家肾脏病诊所的全国代表性样本--CKD-肾脏流行病学和信息网络(CKD-REIN)队列中的成年人:致死和非致死的复合 ACVD 事件(缺血性冠心病、脑血管病和外周动脉疾病)和复合 N-ACVD 事件(心力衰竭、出血性中风和心律失常):分析方法:多变量特定病因 Cox 比例危险模型:研究对象包括 1,044 名女性和 1,976 名男性中重度 CKD 患者(中位年龄为 67 岁对 69 岁;平均估计肾小球滤过率[eGFR]为 32±12 对 33±12 mL/min/1.73m2)。在中位随访 5.0(四分位间范围,4.8;5.2)年期间,女性的 ACVD 发生率(每 100 患者年)显著低于男性:2.1(95% 置信区间:1.6-2.5) vs 3.6(3.2-4.0)(P2),并且在较低的 eGFR 水平上逐渐减弱,在 16 mL/min/1.73m2 时达到 1.00(0.62;1.63)。相比之下,在所研究的 eGFR 范围内,N-ACVD 危险在性别间没有差异:局限性:未对心血管生物标志物和性激素进行评估:这项研究表明,女性发生心血管疾病的风险低于男性,但随着肾脏疾病的进展,这种风险会完全减弱。在不同的 CKD 阶段,两性之间发生 N-ACVD 的风险相同,而且其与 eGFR 的关系更为陡峭,这表明 CKD 对这一心血管疾病类型的发展具有重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Risk of Microvascular Complications Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2 型糖尿病患者的社会隔离、孤独感与微血管并发症风险。
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.05.004
<div><h3>Rationale & Objective</h3><div>Social disconnection has been associated with poor cardiometabolic health. This study sought to investigate the associations of social isolation and loneliness with diabetic microvascular complications (DMCs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare these associations versus those related to traditional risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting & Participants</h3><div>A total of 24,297 UK Biobank participants with T2DM and no DMCs at baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Social isolation and loneliness were measured using self-reported questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Outcome</h3><div>The incidence of DMCs defined as a composite of diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, or diabetic neuropathy.</div></div><div><h3>Analytical Approach</h3><div>Multivariable cause-specific hazards regression. To compare the relative importance of social disconnection with other established factors, the <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> values of the Cox models were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 5,530 patients were documented to experience DMCs (3,458 with diabetic kidney disease, 2,255 with diabetic retinopathy, and 1,146 with diabetic neuropathy). The highest level of social isolation was associated with an increased risk of any DMC component (most vs least: HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.22), especially diabetic kidney disease (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.25) and neuropathy (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11-1.53). Any level of loneliness was associated with an increased risk of any DMC component (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.23) and diabetic kidney disease (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.30). Social isolation and loneliness exhibited associations with DMCs comparable to those of other conventional risk factors, including smoking, blood pressure, and physical activity.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Limited generalizability related to the composition of participants in the UK Biobank Study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Social isolation and loneliness were independently associated with a higher risk of incident DMCs among individuals with T2DM, with comparable importance to other traditional risk factors. These findings underscore social isolation and loneliness as novel and potentially modifiable risk factors for DMCs.</div></div><div><h3>Plain-Language Summary</h3><div>Social isolation and loneliness are important social determinants that are associated with adverse cardiometabolic health. Individuals with diabetes are particularly vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness. However, the relationship of social isolation or loneliness with diabetic microvascular complications (DMCs) remains unclear. Our study used the UK Biobank study data to investigate the associations of social isolation and loneliness with the development of DMCs. We found that social isola
理由和目标社会隔离与不良的心脏代谢健康有关。本研究旨在调查社会隔离和孤独感与 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖尿病微血管并发症(DMC)的关系,并将这些关系与传统风险因素的关系进行比较:前瞻性队列研究:暴露:社会隔离和孤独感通过自我报告问卷进行测量:结果:DMC的发生率,定义为糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变或糖尿病神经病变的综合:分析方法:多变量特定病因危险回归。为了比较社会脱节与其他既定因素的相对重要性,计算了 Cox 模型的 R2 值:在中位 12.6 年的随访期间,共有 5530 名患者被记录为 DMC 患者(3458 名糖尿病肾病患者、2255 名糖尿病视网膜病变患者和 1146 名糖尿病神经病变患者)。社会隔离程度越高,罹患任何一种 DMC 的风险越高(最高与最低:HR:1.13;95% CI:1.05-1.22),尤其是糖尿病肾病(HR:1.14,95% CI:1.04-1.25)和神经病变(HR:1.31,95% CI:1.11-1.53)。任何程度的孤独感都与任何 DMC 成分(HR:1.12;95% CI:1.02-1.23)和糖尿病肾病(HR:1.16,95% CI:1.03-1.30)的风险增加有关。社会隔离和孤独与 DMC 的关系与其他常规风险因素(包括吸烟、血压和体力活动)相当:局限性:与英国生物库研究参与者的构成有关,可推广性有限:社会隔离和孤独与 T2DM 患者发生 DMC 的较高风险独立相关,其重要性与其他传统风险因素相当。这些研究结果表明,社会隔离和孤独是DMC的新的潜在可调节风险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Smoking Timing, Healthy Diet, and Risk of Incident CKD Among Smokers: Findings From UK Biobank 吸烟时间、健康饮食与吸烟者罹患慢性肾脏病的风险:英国生物库的研究结果。
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.04.011

Rationale & Objective

Although smoking is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), the relationship between the time smoking is initiated after awakening each day and CKD remains largely unstudied. This study examined the association between this timing and the risk of CKD, and the potential interactions of smoking timing with other risk factors for the occurrence of CKD.

Study Design

Observational cohort study.

Setting & Participants

A total of 32,776 participants in the UK Biobank with complete data on the time from waking to the first cigarette and free of prevalent CKD were included.

Exposure

Time from waking to the first cigarette.

Outcome

Incident CKD cases.

Analytical Approach

Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the associations between the time smoking is initiated each day and the risk of CKD. The potential interactions of smoking timing with risk factors in relationship to CKD risk were assessed on both multiplicative and additive scales.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 12 years, 940 incident CKD cases occurred. Shorter durations of time from waking to the first cigarette were associated with a higher risk of incident CKD (P trend = 0.01). Compared with >120 minutes, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) associated with smoking timing was 1.28 (95% CI, 0.92–1.80) for 61-120 minutes, 1.48 (95% CI, 1.11-1.96) for 30-60 minutes, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.01-1.88) for 5-15 minutes, and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.22-2.37) for <5 minutes, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant additive interaction and multiplicative interactions between the timing of smoking and a healthy diet score (P for additive interaction = 0.01; P for multiplicative interaction = 0.004).

Limitations

Generalizability, possible residual confounding, limiting causal inference.

Conclusions

These findings reveal a significant association between the shorter time from waking to the first cigarette and a higher CKD risk. The magnitude of these associations was greater in the setting of an unhealthy diet.

Plain-Language Summary

This study explored the association of the daily timing of first cigarette smoking and the occurrence of kidney disease. Further, we addressed whether this association was influenced by the quality of the diet. The study found that smoking very soon after waking, especially when combined with a poorer quality diet, was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. This research emphasizes the value of healthier lifestyle choices for kidney health.
理由和目标:虽然吸烟是慢性肾脏病(CKD)的公认风险因素,但每天起床后开始吸烟的时间与CKD之间的关系在很大程度上仍未得到研究。本研究探讨了这一时间与慢性肾脏病风险之间的关系,以及吸烟时间与慢性肾脏病发生的其他风险因素之间的潜在相互作用:观察性队列研究:研究对象:英国生物库中的 32,776 名参与者,这些参与者拥有从起床到吸第一支烟的完整数据,并且没有流行性 CKD:分析方法:分析方法:采用 Cox 比例危险回归法研究每天开始吸烟的时间与 CKD 风险之间的关系。在乘法和加法尺度上评估了吸烟时间与CKD风险之间的潜在相互作用:结果:在中位 12 年的随访期间,共发生了 940 例慢性肾脏病。从起床到吸第一支烟的时间越短,发生慢性肾脏病的风险越高(P-趋势=0.01)。与>120分钟相比,61-120分钟与吸烟时间相关的调整后危险比(HR)为1.28(95% CI:0.92-1.80),30-60分钟为1.48(95% CI:1.11-1.96),5-15分钟为1.36(95% CI:1.01-1.88),5-15分钟为1.70(95% CI:1.22-2.37):可推广性;可能的残余混杂限制了因果推论:这些研究结果表明,从起床到吸第一支烟的时间越短,患慢性肾脏病的风险越高。在饮食不健康的情况下,这种关联的程度更大。
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引用次数: 0
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Crystalglobulin-Induced Nephropathy: A Case Series 晶体球蛋白诱发肾病的临床病理特征:病例系列。
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.04.019
Samih H. Nasr , Satoru Kudose , Anthony M. Valeri , Ali Kashkouli , Samar M. Said , Dominick Santoriello , Glen S. Markowitz , Lihong Bu , Lynn D. Cornell , Adel Samad , Jahangir Ahmed , Sanjeev Sethi , Nelson Leung , Vivette D. D’Agati

Rationale & Objective

Crystalglobulinemia is a rare syndrome characterized by intravascular crystallization of monoclonal immunoglobulins (MIg). Data on kidney involvement are limited to case reports. This series characterizes the clinicopathologic spectrum of crystalglobulin-induced nephropathy (CIN).

Study Design

Case series.

Setting & Participants

Nineteen CIN cases identified from the nephropathology archives of Mayo Clinic and Columbia University. CIN was defined by intravascular (extracellular) MIg crystals visible by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM).

Results

Among the cases, 68% were male, and 65% were Caucasian (median age, 56 years). Most patients presented with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) (median creatinine, 3.5 mg/dL), hematuria, and mild proteinuria (median, 1.1 g/day). Common extrarenal manifestations were constitutional (67%), cutaneous (56%), and rheumatologic (50%). Fifty percent of cases had hypocomplementemia. The hematologic disorders were monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) (72%), lymphoma (17%), or myeloma (11%), with 65% of these disorders discovered concomitantly with CIN. All patients had MIg identified on serum protein electrophoresis/immunofixation (IgGκ in 65%). The serum free light chain ratio was outside the renal range in 40%, and bone marrow biopsy detected the responsible clone in 67%. On LM, crystals involved glomeruli (100%) and vessels (47%), often with an inflammatory reaction (89%) and fibrin (58%). All cases exhibited crystal substructures (mostly paracrystalline) by EM. Immunofluorescence on paraffin-embedded tissue was more sensitive than frozen tissue (92% vs 47%) for demonstrating the crystal composition (IgGκ in 63%). Follow-up observation (median, 20 months) was available in 16 patients. Eighty-one percent received steroids, 44% plasmapheresis, 38% hemodialysis, and 69% chemotherapy. Ninety-percent of patients who received clone-directed therapy achieved kidney recovery versus 20% of those who did not (P = 0.02).

Limitations

Retrospective design, small sample size.

Conclusions

CIN is a rare cause of nephropathy associated with lymphoplasmacytic disorders (mostly MGRS) and typically presents with severe AKI and extrarenal manifestations. Diagnosis often requires immunofluorescence performed on paraffin-embedded kidney tissue. Prompt initiation of clone-directed therapy, coupled with corticosteroids and plasmapheresis, may lead to recovery of kidney function.
依据和目的:晶体球蛋白血症是一种以单克隆免疫球蛋白(MIgs)血管内结晶为特征的罕见综合征。有关肾脏受累的数据仅限于病例报告。本系列研究描述了晶体球蛋白诱发肾病(CIN)的临床病理学特征:病例系列:从梅奥诊所和哥伦比亚大学的肾病理学档案中发现了 19 例 CIN 病例。光镜(LM)和电子显微镜(EM)可见血管内(细胞外)MIg 晶体可定义为 CIN:在这些病例中,68%为男性,65%为白种人(中位年龄为 56 岁)。大多数患者表现为严重的急性肾功能衰竭(肌酐中位数为 3.5 毫克/分升)、血尿和轻度蛋白尿(中位数为 1.1 克)。常见的肾外表现有体质(67%)、皮肤(56%)和风湿(50%)。50%的病例有低补体血症。血液系统疾病包括肾脏单克隆丙种球蛋白病(MGRS)(72%)、淋巴瘤(17%)或骨髓瘤(11%),其中 65% 的疾病与 CIN 同时发现。所有患者都在 SPEP/SIF 中发现了 MIg(65% 为 IgGκ)。40%的患者sFLC比值超出肾脏范围,67%的患者通过骨髓活检发现了致病克隆。在 LM 中,晶体累及肾小球(100%)和血管(47%),通常伴有炎症反应(89%)和纤维蛋白(58%)。所有病例的电磁学检查均显示出晶体的亚结构(大部分为副结晶)。与冷冻组织相比,石蜡包埋组织的免疫荧光(IF)对晶体成分(63%为IgGκ)的显示更为敏感(92%对47%)。对 16 名患者进行了随访(中位数为 20 个月)。81%的患者接受了类固醇治疗,44%接受了血浆置换术,38%接受了血液透析,69%接受了化疗。90%接受克隆导向疗法的患者实现了肾功能恢复,而20%未接受克隆导向疗法的患者未实现肾功能恢复(P=0.017):局限性:回顾性设计,样本量小:CIN是一种罕见的与淋巴浆细胞性疾病(主要是MGRS)相关的肾病病因,通常表现为严重的AKI和肾外表现。诊断通常需要在石蜡包埋的肾组织上进行 IF。及时启动克隆导向疗法,同时使用皮质类固醇和血浆置换术,可使肾功能得到恢复。
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引用次数: 0
The Ties That Bind 紧紧相连的纽带
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.03.023
Antonio Yaghy MD
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引用次数: 0
A Close Look at Metabolic Dysfunction in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: From Bench to Imaging 近距离观察常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病的代谢功能障碍:从工作台到成像
IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.05.001
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引用次数: 0
期刊
American Journal of Kidney Diseases
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