Nanomedicine (London, England)最新文献

Introduction: High grade gliomas are characterized by a very poor prognosis due to fatal relapses after surgery. Current chemotherapy is only a palliative care, while potential drug candidates are limited by poor overcoming of the blood-brain barrier.

Aims: A suitable chemotherapeutic approach should be engineered to overcome both the altered blood-brain barrier in the glioma site, as well as the intact one in the brain adjacent to tumor zone, and to target the multiple factors influencing glioma proliferation, differentiation, migration, and angiogenesis.

Materials & methods: In this experimental research, ultrasmall solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared owing to the temperature phase inversion technology and loaded with a specific drug combination made of paclitaxel, regorafenib, and nanoceria.

Results: Such solid lipid nanoparticles demonstrated capability to inhibit glioma cell proliferation and migration, as well as angiogenesis in vitro. Moreover, relevant in vivo evidence assessed the accumulation of solid lipid nanoparticles in the glioma site of the F98/Fischer rat model, without causing any off-target toxicity.

Conclusions: Thus, promising results for glioma treatment were obtained with a technology characterized by safety and economy, allowing the perspective of successful scalability.

Global concern about Alzheimer's disease (AD) is justified by its increasingly younger onset and significant economic burden. AD leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, ultimately resulting in loss of autonomy. Against this background, the field of biomedical research has seen a surge of interest in the potential of carbon-based nanomaterials, mainly due to their ease of degradation and high biocompatibility. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied in AD, including developing biosensors, drug delivery systems, and molecular imaging. Here, we introduced the biosafety and biodegradability of CNTs, with a particular focus on their uptake and degradation in brain tissue. The utilization of CNT in the context of AD therapy can facilitate the advancement of control approaches regimens and ensure the clinical safety of patients. This is achieved through the employment of these nanotubes as carriers for the delivery of drugs to the central nervous system (CNS), the detection of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (Ach) and monoamines, the development of biosensors and molecular imaging materials, the inhibition of Aβ formation and the detection of phosphorylated tau proteins, the promotion of CNS regeneration, and the modulation of ion-associated AD.

Aims: To develop a novel nanomicelle system to target and eradicate CD133-expressing lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) while imaging lung cancer.

Methods: Averatinib nanomicelles with CD133 aptamers incorporated with gadolinium imaging reagents (M-Afa&Gd-CD133) were synthesized. The anticancer and imaging activities of M-Afa&Gd-CD133 were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.

Results: M-Afa&Gd-CD133 efficiently targeted CD133⁺ lung CSCs and showed significant antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, M-Afa&Gd-CD33, as a T1 contrast agent, offers superior and sustained visualization of tumors over an extended period.

Conclusion: M-Afa&Gd-CD133 represents a promising strategy for the theranostics of lung cancer.

Aim: To treat diabetic wound healing with a novel Thymoquinone (TQ) loaded nanoformulation by using combination of essentials oils.Methods: TQ nanoemulsion (NE) was developed with seabuckthorn & lavender essential oils by phase inversion method and mixture design. Further, DIAGEL is obtained by incorporating NE into 1% carbopol^®934. Furthermore, particle size, polydispersity index, thermodynamic stability studies, rheology, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo permeation, anti-oxidant assay, antimicrobial studies, angioirritance, HAT-CAM assay, in-vitro and in-vivo studies were determined.Results: NE has a particle size of 17.79 ± 0.61 nm, 0.206 ± 0.012 PDI & found to be thermodynamically stable. DIAGEL exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, sustained drug release, better permeation of TQ and a drug content of 98.54 ± 0.08%. DIAGEL stored for 6 months at room temperature and 2-8°C showed no degradation. Further, an improved angiogenesis, absence of angio-irritancy, remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans & S. aureus were observed. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed nearly 2.28 -folds higher IC50 value than drug solution. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators were reduced in DIAGEL treated animal groups. The histopathological studies confirmed skin healing with regeneration and granulation of tissue.Conclusion: The novel formulation has strong anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, antioxidant and appreciable diabetic wound healing properties.

Aim: This study aims to elucidate the regulatory role of extracellular vesicle (EV) release in glial cell activation, microglia-astrocyte interactions and neurological outcomes.Materials & methods: We employed a pharmacological intervention using GW4869 to modulate EV release, investigating its impact on primary cultures of microglia and astrocytes, microglia-astrocyte interactions, neuroinflammation and behavioral changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell and animal models.Results: We isolated the EVs from glial cells and confirmed their positivity for CD9, CD63 and CD81. Our findings demonstrate that GW4869 significantly reduced EV protein concentrations secreted by glial cells within 6-12 h. Utilizing ELISA, immunostaining and western blot analyses, we observed that treatment with GW4869 attenuated glial cell activation and inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. Transwell assays indicated that controlled EV release from activated microglia and astrocytes mitigated neurotoxic reactivity in normal astrocytes and microglia, respectively. Furthermore, GW4869 administration in LPS-injected mice resulted in notable improvements in spatial memory, anxiety-like behaviors and exploratory activity compared with vehicles.Conclusion: Our study suggests that modulating glia-derived EV dynamics effectively reduce neuroinflammation and enhance behavioral outcomes in mice. These findings underscore the potential of targeting EV release as a novel therapeutic approach for neurological disorders.

MXene-based materials are gaining significant attention due to their exceptional properties and adaptability, leading to diverse advanced applications. In 3D printing, MXenes enhance the performance of photoblockers, photocurable inks, and composites, enabling the creation of precise, flexible and durable structures. MXene/siloxane composites offer both flexibility and resilience, while MXene/spidroin scaffolds provide excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, making them ideal for tissue engineering. Sustainable inks such as MXene/cellulose nano inks, alginate/MXene and MXene/emulsion underscore their role in high-performance printed materials. In cancer therapy, MXenes enable innovative photothermal and photodynamic therapies, where nanosheets generate heat and reactive oxygen species to destroy cancer cells. MXene theranostic nanoprobes combine imaging and treatment, while MXene/niobium composites support hyperthermia therapy and MXene/cellulose hydrogels allow controlled drug release. Additionally, MXene-based nanozymes enhance catalytic activity, and MXene/gold nanorods enable near-infrared-triggered drug release for noninvasive treatments. In antimicrobial applications, MXene composites enhance material durability and hygiene, providing anticorrosive protection for metals. For instance, MXene/graphene, MXene/polycaprolactone nanofibers and MXene/chitosan hydrogels exhibit significant antibacterial activity. Additionally, MXene sensors have been developed to detect antibiotic residues. MXene cryogels also promote tissue regeneration, while MXene nanohybrids facilitate photocatalytic antibacterial therapy. These advancements underscore the potential of MXenes in regenerative medicine and other fields.

Despite progress in genetic and molecular research, which has opened up a myriad of targeted therapeutic possibilities, the compromised solubility and absorption profile of therapeutic entities restrict their passage across lipid barriers compromising efficacy. Consequently, nanoemulsions accrued significance as futuristic, safe, and effective lipid-based drug delivery systems due to their inherent array of physicochemical properties and provide exquisite bioavailability, reduced toxicity, and improved solubility of hydrophobic entities based on size and surface area. However, a pronounced gap exists in understanding and addressing challenges that arise during design and development of nanoemulsions. In this context, we have attempted to reconsider overlooked aspects of nanoemulsion design, offering insight into its commercial viability.