Nanomedicine (London, England)最新文献

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the multifunctional therapeutic potential of PTX/Mo₂CTx-MXene@Fuc combinations, emphasizing their performance in drug loading, release kinetics, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis, cell migration, and angiogenesis inhibition in cancer therapy.

Methods/materials: Mo₂CTx-MXene@Fuc were synthesized and loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel (PTX) to achieve pH- and NIR-responsive release. In vitro cytotoxicity, ROS generation, apoptosis, migration, and tube-formation assays were performed on cancer (4T1, MDA-MB-231) and normal (L929) cell lines under NIR (808 nm) irradiation.

Results: The nanosheets exhibited high PTX loading efficiency (85-90%) and pH-sensitive drug release, with accelerated release in acidic tumor-mimicking environments. NIR irradiation significantly enhanced ROS production in cancer cells while maintaining low oxidative activity in normal cells. Apoptosis assays confirmed pronounced cell death under NIR+ conditions, while migration and tube-formation analyses revealed that MXene nanosheets moderately inhibited cell motility and suppressed endothelial angiogenesis. These results demonstrated synergistic enhancement of photothermal, photodynamic, and chemotherapeutic effects.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that PTX/Mo₂CTx-MXene@Fuc nanosheets function as a multifunctional nanoplatform combining chemo-, photothermal-, and photodynamic-therapy mechanisms. Their selective cytotoxicity, ROS-mediated apoptosis, and anti-angiogenic activity highlight their strong potential for future targeted cancer therapy applications.

Aims: To develop a novel multifunctional nanoparticle platform by combining mesenchymal stem cell-derived nanovesicles (MSC-NVs) with poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy.

Materials & methods: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived nanovesicle-poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) nanoparticles (MSC-PLGA-NPs) were prepared via sonication-loading. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration was evaluated using in vitro transwell models and in vivo mouse models. Lysosomal function, autophagy, pathological protein clearance, and anti-inflammatory effects were assessed using various cellular and molecular biology techniques.

Results: MSC-PLGA-NPs demonstrated 2.3-fold higher BBB penetration efficiency compared to PLGA alone. In a chloroquine(CQ)-induced lysosomal injury model and mice model, they effectively restored lysosomal pH, enhanced autophagy (reducing LC3-II/I ratio by 0.4-fold and p62 expression by 52%), cleared amyloid precursor protein (APP) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) proteins, and inhibited IL-6 and TNF-α without hepatorenal toxicity.

Conclusions: These results demonstrate that MSC-PLGA-NPs, a novel multifunctional nanoparticle platform, synergistically integrates the BBB penetration capability of MSC-NVs and the lysosomal acidification function of PLGA. The synergistic combination represents a pioneering "delivery-repair-clearance" integrated strategy for AD therapy. Offering significant advantages over single-component approaches, MSC-PLGA-NPs provide a promising preclinical candidate and new insight into lysosome-targeted nanomedicines for neurodegenerative diseases.

Background: Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a cold-sensing cation channel that regulates calcium (Ca2+) levels in cells. Its overexpression is linked to tumor development and progression. TRPM8 activation by specific agonists leads to increased Ca2+ influx, causing stress and apoptosis. This stress can enhance the production and release of exosomes, which have antitumor immunity properties. We hypothesize that activating TRPM8 with nano-icilin can stimulate immune responses when administered peritumorally.

Method: 4T1 cancer cells were treated with icilin nanoparticles and hypothermia to evaluate cytotoxicity, apoptosis, calcium flux, and exosome extraction. Isolated exosomes were characterized and tested in vivo for antitumor immune response in a mouse model. Tumor growth, cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-1β), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test (P ≤ 0.05).

Results: TRPM8 activation by icilin nanoparticles triggers apoptosis and calcium influx in 4T1 cells. Exosomes from treated cells exhibited altered size, charge, and increased levels of DAMPs (HMGB1, HSP70). Administering these exosomes significantly inhibited tumor growth, increased CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and elevated IL-2 and IL-12, while reducing IL-10 and PD-L1, thus preventing lung metastasis.

Conclusions: Activation of TRPM8 by icilin or cold can induce immunogenic exosomes, enhancing T cell infiltration, proinflammatory cytokines, and tumor suppression, offering a new strategy to boost immune responses against cancer.

Aim: To develop, formulate, and evaluate stiripentol (STP)-loaded Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for its potential as a Glioblastoma (GBM) therapeutic.

Materials and methods: Characterization of STP SNEDDS using polydispersity index, particle size, zeta potential, and pH stability. Efficacy testing using BBB permeation, 3D spheroid, tumor xenograft, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, stability, and toxicity assessment.

Results: STP SNEDDS showed improved water solubility and drug release profile, stability, relative safety in normal cells and brain tissue, and decreased 3D spheroid growth, tumor volume, tumor weight, and proliferative marker Ki67.

Conclusion: This work highlights the potential of STP SNEDDS as a potential therapeutic for GBM.

Nanoparticle (NPs)-based therapies have ushered in a paradigm shift in melanoma treatment, addressing key challenges in conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy, such as drug delivery, specificity, and therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights important chemotherapies, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and dacarbazine, delivered via NPs, which improve bioavailability, reduce systemic toxicity, and overcome drug resistance. Additionally, combination therapies involving chemotherapy with photothermal, photodynamic, hyperthermic, or immunotherapy treatments leverage synergies that enhance tumor regression and promote immunogenic cell death. NPs incorporating RNA interference and gene targeting have been developed to silence oncogenic pathways, enabling precision molecular targeting. Natural compounds like curcumin, resveratrol, and honokiol, delivered via NPs, show strong anticancer effects. Moreover, advanced platforms such as microneedles, hydrogels, and metal-based NPs enhance drug delivery, skin penetration, controlled release, and enable real-time monitoring with ultrasound and molecular imaging. We also discuss the potential challenges in the clinical translation of NPs-based therapies, including tumor targeting, bioavailability, multidrug resistance, immune system interactions, stability, and off-target effects. It also addresses the need for personalized, multifunctional delivery systems and strategies to overcome clinical translation barriers for effective treatment.

Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (iLNPs) have revolutionized Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics by enabling precise and efficient delivery of nucleic acids. However, their clinical translation remains challenged by batch-to-batch variability, complex lipid - RNA interactions, and stringent regulatory requirements. This review highlights how advanced microfluidic technologies address these issues by providing precise control over iLNP fabrication through engineered mixer geometries, optimized flow dynamics, and pH-dependent self-assembly. Comparative analyses of hydrodynamic flow focusing (HFF), and staggered herringbone mixers (SHM) demonstrate their distinct influence on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency. Furthermore, the integration of design-of-experiments (DoE) methodologies, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and machine learning (ML)-assisted optimization enables predictive formulation design and adaptive process control, enhancing reproducibility and scalability. Collectively, this review underscores microfluidics and ML as synergistic technologies that bridge laboratory innovation with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant, large-scale production paving the way for the next generation of intelligent, personalized RNA nanomedicines.

With the rapid advancement of remote patient monitoring (RPM) technologies, the integration of non-contact sensing methods and nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach within intelligent nursing. This review highlights the latest progress in nanotechnology-driven non-contact sensors for remote cardiovascular health monitoring and emphasizes their role in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Current research demonstrates that such sensors leverage nanoscale materials and mechanisms to enable highly sensitive, accurate, and continuous monitoring of physiological parameters without physical contact. Despite these advances, challenges remain in clinical validation, data processing, and large-scale implementation. To address these challenges, this article specifying the databases searched (e.g. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and the inclusive dates of the search (2019 to 2025), systematically analyzes the underlying principles of these technologies, their clinical applications, data analytics techniques, and future technological and clinical developmental trends. By synthesizing current evidence, the review aims to provide a scientific foundation and technical guidance for integrating nanotechnology-based non-contact RPM into intelligent nursing frameworks, ultimately facilitating early intervention and improved management of cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose: To develop and characterize Pterostilbene (PT)-loaded nanoemulgel (PNEG) and to evaluate its effect in rat model of ischemic stroke.

Method: PT-loaded nanoemulsion (PNE) was developed and further coated with chitosan and poloxamer-407 to obtain PNEG. It was characterized for particle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, viscosity, stability, and ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength. Safety was assessed via in-vitro cytotoxicity assays and ex-vivo nasal mucosal compatibility. The therapeutic efficacy of PNEG was evaluated in a rat model of ischemic stroke, with assessments including neurobehavioral performances, oxidative stress, mitochondrial ultrastructure and complex activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.

Results: PNEG exhibited particle size of 65.68 ± 0.66 nm with a zeta potential of 9.77 ± 1.2. The formulation demonstrated enhanced mucoadhesive strength and thermoresponsive viscosity, promoting prolonged nasal residence time. In-vitro and ex-vivo assessments confirmed the formulation's biocompatibility and non-toxicity. In-vivo, PNEG significantly enhanced neurological performance, including motor coordination, muscle strength, and cognition, while concurrently reducing oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial integrity, and suppressing neuroinflammation in hippocampus and cortex of ischemic rats.

Conclusion: Intranasal PNEG enabled sustained PT delivery with robust neuroprotection in ischemic stroke, highlighting its promise as a clinically translatable strategy for targeted brain therapy.

A significant upsurge in antibiotic-resistant infections, mainly due to the Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), is a major global concern. These GNBs carry lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a complex outer membrane component that endows them with structural integrity and acts as a formidable barrier against most antibiotics. Targeting LPS has thus emerged as a promising frontier in antibacterial nanomedicine. This review explores the structure of LPS and its pivotal role in bacterial virulence and immune evasion. We have highlighted diverse nanoparticle-based strategies like antibodies, peptides, aptamers, and small molecules that selectively bind and neutralize the LPS. Additionally, we have tried to present the key mechanisms of action of these NPs, which include membrane disruption, neutralization of the endotoxin, etc. Overall, this review provides a clear picture of how LPS-targeting NPs could aid in combating drug-resistant and deadly infections in the future.