Nanomedicine (London, England)最新文献

Background: Aluminum adjuvants remain the most widely used adjuvants in licensed vaccines. Their broader application, however, is restricted by local and systemic adverse effects and limited antigen compatibility, slowing vaccine development.

Methods: A nanoscale aluminum - fumarate metal - organic framework (AlFu‑MOF) was synthesized in water using Pluronic F127 and acetic acid. Based on this framework, a composite nanoadjuvant-(D)-mannose‑cTAT‑CpG@M@AlFu‑MOF (DCC@M@AlFu‑MOF) - was designed and characterized. The loading capacity for immunostimulatory cargos, including MSA‑2, CpG, cTAT, (D)-mannose, and OVA, was evaluated. Cellular uptake and immune activation of antigen‑presenting cells were tested in vitro. AlFu‑MOF displayed high loading efficiency and improved antigen availability. DCC@M@AlFu‑MOF promoted dendritic cell maturation and activation and also triggered the STING signaling pathway.

Conclusion: DCC@M@AlFu‑MOF is an aluminum‑based nanoadjuvant with potential dendritic cell‑targeting ability. It can coordinate innate immune signaling and shows promise for enhancing vaccine‑induced immune responses.

Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of nanostructured copper oxide surfaces synthesized by hot water treatment (HWT) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of copper-induced stress responses in antibiotic-resistant Citrobacter freundii CF51 and Staphylococcus aureus HAR12.

Materials and methods: Copper sheets were subjected to HWT to generate Cu₂O/CuO nanostructures. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were assessed using viability and biofilm assays. Cellular morphology was examined by FESEM. Whole-proteome and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to identify bacterial adaptive responses.

Results: Nanostructured copper rapidly inactivated C. freundii and eliminated S. aureus with longer exposure. FESEM imaging showed membrane disruption, deformation, and lysis, with more severe damage on nanostructured surfaces. Proteomic analysis revealed species-specific regulation of pathways related to energy metabolism, transcription, ion transport, and cell envelope biogenesis. ABC transporters were upregulated in C. freundii but downregulated in S. aureus. The Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway was markedly suppressed. Efflux transporters (CorA, MdtF, YhiI) were consistently upregulated in both species, indicating conserved copper-detoxification mechanisms.

Conclusions: Nanostructured copper oxide surfaces demonstrate potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and induce distinct proteomic stress responses. These findings support the potential of nanostructured copper as an effective antimicrobial surface against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units. Although antimicrobials and supportive care are vital, patient outcomes are hindered by two conflicting immune states: excessive inflammation and immune paralysis, both contributing to organ failure. Immunomodulatory nanotechnology provides a means to target both aspects of this immune response. Early nanocarriers improved the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, while modern nanoplatforms enhance this approach with biomimetic coatings, toxin nanosponges, and extracellular vesicles. These tools neutralize Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and reprogram macrophages with spatial and stimulus control. New nanodrugs combine pathway modulation with co-delivery of antimicrobials, and theranostic designs enable treatment tailored to real-time biological data. This review traces the evolution of nanomedicine for sepsis, discussing early advances, current therapies, and future innovations that may hasten clinical application. Literature for this review were searched for through PubMed and Google Scholar (2000-November 2025).

Aim: Hydrogels are three-dimensional, water-rich polymer networks that enhance drug delivery, hydration, and tolerability in topical acne therapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of hydrogel-based formulations for acne treatment.

Methods: Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (inception - September 2025) was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible clinical trials assessed hydrogel-based therapies for acne reporting quantitative lesion outcomes. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect estimate. Risk of bias (RoB 2, ROBINS-I), heterogeneity (I²), and publication bias (funnel plot, Egger's test) were assessed. (PROSPERO: CRD420251140597).

Results: Thirteen studies (n = 3,654) met inclusion criteria, with seven (n = 2,986) included in the meta-analysis. Hydrogel-based formulations demonstrated favorable outcomes over comparators. Eight studies reported significant improvements in acne severity or lesion reduction (p < 0.05), while five showed non-significant but positive trends. Pooled meta-analysis confirmed significant benefit for hydrogels (SMD =  -0.47, 95% CI - 0.78 to -0.16; p = 0.003). Despite high heterogeneity among meta-analyzed studies (I² = 86%), all showed consistent direction of effect favoring hydrogels. No serious events reported.

Conclusion: Topical hydrogels effectively reduce acne lesions with excellent safety and tolerability. Larger, well-designed RCTs are warranted to confirm long-term outcomes.

Introduction: The failure of conventional therapies for diabetic wounds, including those relying solely on stem cells or antioxidants, stems from an inability to simultaneously overcome the hostile microenvironment characterized by chronic inflammation, excessive apoptosis, and impaired regeneration.

Methods: We developed a novel combinatorial platform, Ru@SVF, by integrating ruthenium nanozymes (RuNC) with a stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-GEL). This design moves beyond simple material addition, aiming for synergy: RuNC provides potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and anti-apoptotic signaling, while SVF-GEL ensures sustained release of pro-regenerative growth factors (VEGF, EGF, bFGF). After thorough physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility assessment, its mechanism and efficacy were evaluated in vitro and in a diabetic rat model.

Results: Ru@SVF exhibited excellent biocompatibility and superior functionality. In vitro, it not only robustly suppressed inflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis (via Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3,9 regulation) in HUVECs but also enhanced the secretion of key growth factors. In vivo, Ru@SVF treatment led to significantly accelerated wound closure, which was accompanied by reduced apoptosis, diminished inflammatory infiltration, and promoted angiogenesis, outperforming treatments with either RuNC or SVF-gel alone.

Conclusion: The Ru@SVF composite represents a significant advance by synergistically integrating catalytic nano-therapy with functional cell delivery. Its capacity to concurrently resolve inflammation, prevent apoptosis, and activate reparative signaling within a single platform addresses the multifaceted pathology of diabetic wounds more effectively than single-target strategies, offering a novel and promising therapeutic paradigm.

Current major cancer therapies are limited by nonspecific drug distribution and severe off-target toxicity. Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising strategy for targeted tumor drug delivery, leveraging nanoparticles' unique properties to enhance drug solubility, extend circulation, and enable imaging, while relying on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and antibody/ligand recognition for passive and active targeting to accumulate at tumor sites. Stimulus-responsive nanomedicines are another trend accompanying both targeting strategies to address further issues of tissue penetration, cellular internalization, and drug release that are critical for the payload's therapeutic efficacy, they exploit the internal tumor microenvironment (TME)-specific features of pH, glutathione (GSH), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that are differential from normal tissues or externally introduced triggers of light, magnetic fields, ultrasound to release the therapeutic modality via a spatiotemporally controlled manner to overcome encountered barriers and enable optimal therapeutic efficacy. This review will summarize recent advances in the application of these stimulus-responsive nanomedicines in cancer therapy, focusing on their functions of achieving targeted release, improved tumor penetration, maximum efficacy, multidrug resistance reversal, TME modulation, and synergistic combination therapies. It also discusses current challenges and future directions for facilitating stimulus-responsive nanomedicines.

The implementation of drug delivery systems in nanomedicine aims to improve the efficacy, safety and stability of therapeutic substances within the body, while controlling their rate and time of release. While numerous reviews over the years have thoroughly summarized the most recent advances and applications of drug delivery systems, to the best of our knowledge none has ever approached the topic by focusing on the impact of their structural order on both drug loading and the resulting therapeutic outcome. In this review, we aim to highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic properties of the carriers in terms of atomic, molecular and supramolecular order. Indeed, each level of order enables specific interactions between the carrier and cargo, leading to unique properties of the resulting nanosystems. Depending on the final application, the choice of a specific drug delivery system can therefore significantly influence the therapeutic effects. Thus, our work aims to facilitate the design of drug delivery systems by elucidating which level of intrinsic material order is most appropriate for a given clinical challenge. The literature search included PubMed and Scopus covering the period from January 2000 to July 2025.

Background: Long-term implant success depends on preventing infection and achieving initial stability, yet many antimicrobial coatings impair osseointegration, and most animal models overlook the impact of mechanical loading. To overcome the limitations of static in vivo models that do not reflect the mechanical environment of dental implants, this study developed a loaded animal model that evaluates the osteogenic properties of an Ag-GL coating under clinically relevant biomechanical forces.

Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with a redox reaction, while the antimicrobial peptide GL13K was self-assembled into nanofibers that adsorbed AgNPs, forming the Ag-GL nanocoating on titanium. A loaded rat tibial mini-implant infection model compared uncoated and Ag-GL-coated implants for bone microarchitecture, implant stability, peri-implant infection, and mineralization.

Results: Preosteoblasts cultured on Ag-GL coatings showed reduced cytotoxicity, healthy cell morphology, increased osteogenic differentiation, and increased matrix mineralization. Micro-CT analysis revealed increased bone formation around Ag-GL-coated implants, and the pull-out test demonstrated superior implant stability. Higher bone mineral apposition rates (MAR) and bone area (BA) were observed around Ag-GL-coated implants.

Conclusion: Ag-GL nanocoating exhibited substantial osteogenic properties and osseointegration in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential to improve implant outcomes in dental applications by enhancing bone integration and stability in a loading model.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, driven by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, and optic nerve degeneration. Current therapies rely on lowering IOP, which slows but does not halt disease progression. Dual-functional nanoparticle (NP) formulations represent a promising approach to simultaneously address these therapeutic targets. By improving ocular drug penetration, sustaining release, and enabling co-delivery of diverse agents, nanocarriers can achieve prolonged IOP reduction while directly preserving RGC and optic nerve against excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. In this work, we reviewed the glaucoma pathophysiology and the rationale for dual therapy. We then discussed major classes of NP systems and strategies that can fulfill dual-function therapy. The preclinical studies and early clinical developments were also highlighted. We also discussed the challenges of formulation stability, safety, and regulatory approval, and outlined future directions. Together, these advances position dual-functional NP systems as a transformative strategy for disease-modifying glaucoma therapy, bridging the gap between IOP control and neuroprotection to preserve vision.