Nanomedicine (London, England)最新文献

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units. Although antimicrobials and supportive care are vital, patient outcomes are hindered by two conflicting immune states: excessive inflammation and immune paralysis, both contributing to organ failure. Immunomodulatory nanotechnology provides a means to target both aspects of this immune response. Early nanocarriers improved the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, while modern nanoplatforms enhance this approach with biomimetic coatings, toxin nanosponges, and extracellular vesicles. These tools neutralize Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and reprogram macrophages with spatial and stimulus control. New nanodrugs combine pathway modulation with co-delivery of antimicrobials, and theranostic designs enable treatment tailored to real-time biological data. This review traces the evolution of nanomedicine for sepsis, discussing early advances, current therapies, and future innovations that may hasten clinical application. Literature for this review were searched for through PubMed and Google Scholar (2000-November 2025).

Current major cancer therapies are limited by nonspecific drug distribution and severe off-target toxicity. Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising strategy for targeted tumor drug delivery, leveraging nanoparticles' unique properties to enhance drug solubility, extend circulation, and enable imaging, while relying on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and antibody/ligand recognition for passive and active targeting to accumulate at tumor sites. Stimulus-responsive nanomedicines are another trend accompanying both targeting strategies to address further issues of tissue penetration, cellular internalization, and drug release that are critical for the payload's therapeutic efficacy, they exploit the internal tumor microenvironment (TME)-specific features of pH, glutathione (GSH), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that are differential from normal tissues or externally introduced triggers of light, magnetic fields, ultrasound to release the therapeutic modality via a spatiotemporally controlled manner to overcome encountered barriers and enable optimal therapeutic efficacy. This review will summarize recent advances in the application of these stimulus-responsive nanomedicines in cancer therapy, focusing on their functions of achieving targeted release, improved tumor penetration, maximum efficacy, multidrug resistance reversal, TME modulation, and synergistic combination therapies. It also discusses current challenges and future directions for facilitating stimulus-responsive nanomedicines.

Aim: Hydrogels are three-dimensional, water-rich polymer networks that enhance drug delivery, hydration, and tolerability in topical acne therapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of hydrogel-based formulations for acne treatment.

Methods: Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (inception - September 2025) was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible clinical trials assessed hydrogel-based therapies for acne reporting quantitative lesion outcomes. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect estimate. Risk of bias (RoB 2, ROBINS-I), heterogeneity (I²), and publication bias (funnel plot, Egger's test) were assessed. (PROSPERO: CRD420251140597).

Results: Thirteen studies (n = 3,654) met inclusion criteria, with seven (n = 2,986) included in the meta-analysis. Hydrogel-based formulations demonstrated favorable outcomes over comparators. Eight studies reported significant improvements in acne severity or lesion reduction (p < 0.05), while five showed non-significant but positive trends. Pooled meta-analysis confirmed significant benefit for hydrogels (SMD =  -0.47, 95% CI - 0.78 to -0.16; p = 0.003). Despite high heterogeneity among meta-analyzed studies (I² = 86%), all showed consistent direction of effect favoring hydrogels. No serious events reported.

Conclusion: Topical hydrogels effectively reduce acne lesions with excellent safety and tolerability. Larger, well-designed RCTs are warranted to confirm long-term outcomes.

Introduction: The failure of conventional therapies for diabetic wounds, including those relying solely on stem cells or antioxidants, stems from an inability to simultaneously overcome the hostile microenvironment characterized by chronic inflammation, excessive apoptosis, and impaired regeneration.

Methods: We developed a novel combinatorial platform, Ru@SVF, by integrating ruthenium nanozymes (RuNC) with a stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-GEL). This design moves beyond simple material addition, aiming for synergy: RuNC provides potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and anti-apoptotic signaling, while SVF-GEL ensures sustained release of pro-regenerative growth factors (VEGF, EGF, bFGF). After thorough physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility assessment, its mechanism and efficacy were evaluated in vitro and in a diabetic rat model.

Results: Ru@SVF exhibited excellent biocompatibility and superior functionality. In vitro, it not only robustly suppressed inflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis (via Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3,9 regulation) in HUVECs but also enhanced the secretion of key growth factors. In vivo, Ru@SVF treatment led to significantly accelerated wound closure, which was accompanied by reduced apoptosis, diminished inflammatory infiltration, and promoted angiogenesis, outperforming treatments with either RuNC or SVF-gel alone.

Conclusion: The Ru@SVF composite represents a significant advance by synergistically integrating catalytic nano-therapy with functional cell delivery. Its capacity to concurrently resolve inflammation, prevent apoptosis, and activate reparative signaling within a single platform addresses the multifaceted pathology of diabetic wounds more effectively than single-target strategies, offering a novel and promising therapeutic paradigm.

The implementation of drug delivery systems in nanomedicine aims to improve the efficacy, safety and stability of therapeutic substances within the body, while controlling their rate and time of release. While numerous reviews over the years have thoroughly summarized the most recent advances and applications of drug delivery systems, to the best of our knowledge none has ever approached the topic by focusing on the impact of their structural order on both drug loading and the resulting therapeutic outcome. In this review, we aim to highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic properties of the carriers in terms of atomic, molecular and supramolecular order. Indeed, each level of order enables specific interactions between the carrier and cargo, leading to unique properties of the resulting nanosystems. Depending on the final application, the choice of a specific drug delivery system can therefore significantly influence the therapeutic effects. Thus, our work aims to facilitate the design of drug delivery systems by elucidating which level of intrinsic material order is most appropriate for a given clinical challenge. The literature search included PubMed and Scopus covering the period from January 2000 to July 2025.

Background: Long-term implant success depends on preventing infection and achieving initial stability, yet many antimicrobial coatings impair osseointegration, and most animal models overlook the impact of mechanical loading. To overcome the limitations of static in vivo models that do not reflect the mechanical environment of dental implants, this study developed a loaded animal model that evaluates the osteogenic properties of an Ag-GL coating under clinically relevant biomechanical forces.

Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with a redox reaction, while the antimicrobial peptide GL13K was self-assembled into nanofibers that adsorbed AgNPs, forming the Ag-GL nanocoating on titanium. A loaded rat tibial mini-implant infection model compared uncoated and Ag-GL-coated implants for bone microarchitecture, implant stability, peri-implant infection, and mineralization.

Results: Preosteoblasts cultured on Ag-GL coatings showed reduced cytotoxicity, healthy cell morphology, increased osteogenic differentiation, and increased matrix mineralization. Micro-CT analysis revealed increased bone formation around Ag-GL-coated implants, and the pull-out test demonstrated superior implant stability. Higher bone mineral apposition rates (MAR) and bone area (BA) were observed around Ag-GL-coated implants.

Conclusion: Ag-GL nanocoating exhibited substantial osteogenic properties and osseointegration in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential to improve implant outcomes in dental applications by enhancing bone integration and stability in a loading model.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, driven by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, and optic nerve degeneration. Current therapies rely on lowering IOP, which slows but does not halt disease progression. Dual-functional nanoparticle (NP) formulations represent a promising approach to simultaneously address these therapeutic targets. By improving ocular drug penetration, sustaining release, and enabling co-delivery of diverse agents, nanocarriers can achieve prolonged IOP reduction while directly preserving RGC and optic nerve against excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. In this work, we reviewed the glaucoma pathophysiology and the rationale for dual therapy. We then discussed major classes of NP systems and strategies that can fulfill dual-function therapy. The preclinical studies and early clinical developments were also highlighted. We also discussed the challenges of formulation stability, safety, and regulatory approval, and outlined future directions. Together, these advances position dual-functional NP systems as a transformative strategy for disease-modifying glaucoma therapy, bridging the gap between IOP control and neuroprotection to preserve vision.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been used for the precise manipulation of target DNA, making efficient genome editing in cells a reality. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has shown great potential in biomedical applications, such as disease treatment, transcription regulation, and genome-wide screening, and is opening a new era in biotechnology. However, the efficient and selective delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system remains a critical obstacle. Literature search conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published from 2015 to 2024. In this review, we discuss several delivery methods for the CRISPR/Cas9 system, focusing on techniques using nanocarriers. Specifically, we comprehensively discussed the challenges, future directions, and potential of various delivery methods for the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Nanotraps are particles designed to capture and concentrate target molecules and have numerous applications in infectious diseases. This review outlines how nanotrap technologies may improve the detection and treatment of bacterial and viral pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Yersinia pestis, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and others. Nanotraps can enhance the sensitivity of diagnostic tools and support treatment by neutralizing bacterial toxins, capturing inflammatory mediators, and preserving viral proteins for detection. Nanotraps have also been investigated for vaccine development. While results from in vitro and in vivo models are encouraging, there is significant room for further research regarding safety and other unexplored applications of these technologies. Nanotraps offer a flexible platform with the potential to improve how we diagnose and manage a multitude of infectious diseases.