Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00648-9
Bingxing Zhang, Peng Zhou, Zhengwei Ye, Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid, Yuyang Pan, Yixin Xiao, Kai Sun, Zetian Mi
The photoelectrochemical synthesis of valuable multicarbon products from carbon dioxide, sunlight and water is a promising pathway for clean energy generation and carbon neutrality. However, it is challenging to create and stabilize efficient C–C coupling sites to achieve multicarbon products with high selectivity, yield and stability. Here we designed a low-coordinated copper-cluster catalyst interfacially coupled in situ with a GaN nanowire photocathode, achieving a high ethylene Faradaic efficiency of ∼61% and a partial current density of 14.2 mA cm−2, with a robust stability of ∼116 h. The in situ self-optimized Ga–N–O interface was confirmed to facilitate and stabilize the interfacially oxidized copper species of copper clusters, which function as efficient C–C coupling sites for ethylene production. Furthermore, the hydrogen-feeding effect of GaN for promoting CO hydrogenation also guides the facile CHO-involved C–C coupling pathway. This work sheds light on the interface design and understanding of efficient and stable (photo)electrosynthesis of highly valuable fuels from CO2.
利用二氧化碳、太阳光和水进行光电化学合成有价值的多碳产品,是实现清洁能源生产和碳中和的一条大有可为的途径。然而,如何创造并稳定高效的 C-C 偶联位点,以获得高选择性、高产率和高稳定性的多碳产物,是一项挑战。在此,我们设计了一种低配位铜簇催化剂,与氮化镓纳米线光电阴极原位界面耦合,实现了高达 61% 的乙烯法拉第效率和 14.2 mA cm-2 的部分电流密度,且稳定性高达 116 h。此外,GaN 在促进 CO 加氢方面的馈氢效应也引导了由 CHO 参与的 C-C 偶联途径。这项工作为从二氧化碳高效、稳定地(光)电合成高价值燃料的界面设计和理解提供了启示。
{"title":"Interfacially coupled Cu-cluster/GaN photocathode for efficient CO2 to ethylene conversion","authors":"Bingxing Zhang, Peng Zhou, Zhengwei Ye, Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid, Yuyang Pan, Yixin Xiao, Kai Sun, Zetian Mi","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00648-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00648-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The photoelectrochemical synthesis of valuable multicarbon products from carbon dioxide, sunlight and water is a promising pathway for clean energy generation and carbon neutrality. However, it is challenging to create and stabilize efficient C–C coupling sites to achieve multicarbon products with high selectivity, yield and stability. Here we designed a low-coordinated copper-cluster catalyst interfacially coupled in situ with a GaN nanowire photocathode, achieving a high ethylene Faradaic efficiency of <span>∼</span>61% and a partial current density of 14.2 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, with a robust stability of <span>∼</span>116 h. The in situ self-optimized Ga–N–O interface was confirmed to facilitate and stabilize the interfacially oxidized copper species of copper clusters, which function as efficient C–C coupling sites for ethylene production. Furthermore, the hydrogen-feeding effect of GaN for promoting CO hydrogenation also guides the facile CHO-involved C–C coupling pathway. This work sheds light on the interface design and understanding of efficient and stable (photo)electrosynthesis of highly valuable fuels from CO<sub>2</sub>.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of the sulfur(VI)–fluoride exchange (SuFEx) and modular diazotransfer (MoDAT) reactions represent important milestones in the evolution of click chemistry. However, their reactivity profiles, chemoselectivity origins and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report a computational study of the MoDAT and SuFEx pathways, focusing on the reaction between the diazotransfer reagent fluorosulfuryl azide and primary amines. Our calculations reveal that the MoDAT reaction possesses a small kinetic barrier and a strong driving force, making it kinetically and thermodynamically more favourable than the SuFEx reaction. Through mechanistic scrutiny and structure–activity relationship studies, we have formulated predictive models for the reactivity and selectivity of the MoDAT reaction. Leveraging these insights, an easy-to-prepare and easily handled diazotransfer reagent with excellent reactivity has been developed, which holds broad promise for applications in chemistry and biology.
{"title":"Computational analysis of modular diazotransfer reactions for the development of predictive reactivity models and diazotransfer reagents","authors":"Meng-Meng Zheng, Liu Cai, Tiancheng Ma, Hao-Dong Tan, Xiaoyu Lai, Jiajia Dong, Xiao-Song Xue","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00633-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00633-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of the sulfur(VI)–fluoride exchange (SuFEx) and modular diazotransfer (MoDAT) reactions represent important milestones in the evolution of click chemistry. However, their reactivity profiles, chemoselectivity origins and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report a computational study of the MoDAT and SuFEx pathways, focusing on the reaction between the diazotransfer reagent fluorosulfuryl azide and primary amines. Our calculations reveal that the MoDAT reaction possesses a small kinetic barrier and a strong driving force, making it kinetically and thermodynamically more favourable than the SuFEx reaction. Through mechanistic scrutiny and structure–activity relationship studies, we have formulated predictive models for the reactivity and selectivity of the MoDAT reaction. Leveraging these insights, an easy-to-prepare and easily handled diazotransfer reagent with excellent reactivity has been developed, which holds broad promise for applications in chemistry and biology.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00634-1
Sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange and modular diazotransfer reactions have advanced click chemistry, but their mechanisms and reactivity profiles are not well understood. Now, a computational study of these reactions provides mechanistic insights and predictive reactivity models for modular diazotransfer, facilitating the development of an easy-to-prepare and -handle diazotransfer reagent with excellent reactivity.
{"title":"Computationally guided design of a diazotransfer reagent with high reactivity","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00634-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00634-1","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange and modular diazotransfer reactions have advanced click chemistry, but their mechanisms and reactivity profiles are not well understood. Now, a computational study of these reactions provides mechanistic insights and predictive reactivity models for modular diazotransfer, facilitating the development of an easy-to-prepare and -handle diazotransfer reagent with excellent reactivity.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00635-0
Sudip Maiti, Debabrata Maiti
Enantioenriched alkyl–alkyl bonds are produced from abundant alkenes in one step via Ni-catalysed asymmetric cross-hydrodimerization. This technique overcomes the reactivity and selectivity challenges associated with coupling between two similar nucleophiles.
{"title":"Selective cross-hydrodimerization of alkenes","authors":"Sudip Maiti, Debabrata Maiti","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00635-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00635-0","url":null,"abstract":"Enantioenriched alkyl–alkyl bonds are produced from abundant alkenes in one step via Ni-catalysed asymmetric cross-hydrodimerization. This technique overcomes the reactivity and selectivity challenges associated with coupling between two similar nucleophiles.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00623-4
Simona Bianco, Fin Hallam Stewart, Santanu Panja, Asra Zyar, Emma Bowley, Marko Bek, Roland Kádár, Ann Terry, Roberto Appio, Tomás S. Plivelic, Mahon Maguire, Harish Poptani, Marco Marcello, Ravi R. Sonani, Edward H. Egelman, Dave J. Adams
The design of supramolecular hydrogels comprising aligned domains is important for the fabrication of biomimetic materials and applications in optoelectronics. One way to access such materials is by the self-assembly of small molecules into long fibres, which can be aligned using an external stimulus. Out-of-equilibrium supramolecular gels can also be designed, where pre-programmed changes of state can be induced by the addition of chemical fuels. Here we exploit these dynamic properties to form materials with aligned domains through a ‘forging’ approach: an external force is used to rearrange the underlying network from random to aligned fibres as the system undergoes a pre-programmed gel-to-sol-to-gel transition. We show that we can predictably organize the supramolecular fibres, leading to controllable formation of materials with aligned domains through a high degree of temporal control.
{"title":"Forging out-of-equilibrium supramolecular gels","authors":"Simona Bianco, Fin Hallam Stewart, Santanu Panja, Asra Zyar, Emma Bowley, Marko Bek, Roland Kádár, Ann Terry, Roberto Appio, Tomás S. Plivelic, Mahon Maguire, Harish Poptani, Marco Marcello, Ravi R. Sonani, Edward H. Egelman, Dave J. Adams","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00623-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00623-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design of supramolecular hydrogels comprising aligned domains is important for the fabrication of biomimetic materials and applications in optoelectronics. One way to access such materials is by the self-assembly of small molecules into long fibres, which can be aligned using an external stimulus. Out-of-equilibrium supramolecular gels can also be designed, where pre-programmed changes of state can be induced by the addition of chemical fuels. Here we exploit these dynamic properties to form materials with aligned domains through a ‘forging’ approach: an external force is used to rearrange the underlying network from random to aligned fibres as the system undergoes a pre-programmed gel-to-sol-to-gel transition. We show that we can predictably organize the supramolecular fibres, leading to controllable formation of materials with aligned domains through a high degree of temporal control.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00643-0
Andriy Zakutayev, Matthew Jankousky, Laszlo Wolf, Yi Feng, Christopher L. Rom, Sage R. Bauers, Olaf Borkiewicz, David A. LaVan, Rebecca W. Smaha, Vladan Stevanovic
Controlled synthesis of metastable materials away from equilibrium is of interest in materials chemistry. Thin-film deposition methods with rapid condensation of vapour precursors can readily synthesize metastable phases but often struggle to yield the thermodynamic ground state. Growing thermodynamically stable structures using kinetically limited synthesis methods is important for practical applications in electronics and energy conversion. Here we reveal a synthesis pathway to thermodynamically stable, ordered layered ternary nitride materials, and discuss why disordered metastable intermediate phases tend to form. We show that starting from elemental vapour precursors leads to a 3D long-range-disordered MgMoN2 thin-film metastable intermediate structure, with a layered short-range order that has a low-energy transformation barrier to the layered 2D-like stable structure. This synthesis approach is extended to ScTaN2, MgWN2 and MgTa2N3, and may lead to the synthesis of other layered nitride thin films with unique semiconducting and quantum properties.
{"title":"Synthesis pathways to thin films of stable layered nitrides","authors":"Andriy Zakutayev, Matthew Jankousky, Laszlo Wolf, Yi Feng, Christopher L. Rom, Sage R. Bauers, Olaf Borkiewicz, David A. LaVan, Rebecca W. Smaha, Vladan Stevanovic","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00643-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00643-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Controlled synthesis of metastable materials away from equilibrium is of interest in materials chemistry. Thin-film deposition methods with rapid condensation of vapour precursors can readily synthesize metastable phases but often struggle to yield the thermodynamic ground state. Growing thermodynamically stable structures using kinetically limited synthesis methods is important for practical applications in electronics and energy conversion. Here we reveal a synthesis pathway to thermodynamically stable, ordered layered ternary nitride materials, and discuss why disordered metastable intermediate phases tend to form. We show that starting from elemental vapour precursors leads to a 3D long-range-disordered MgMoN<sub>2</sub> thin-film metastable intermediate structure, with a layered short-range order that has a low-energy transformation barrier to the layered 2D-like stable structure. This synthesis approach is extended to ScTaN<sub>2</sub>, MgWN<sub>2</sub> and MgTa<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>, and may lead to the synthesis of other layered nitride thin films with unique semiconducting and quantum properties.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00636-z
Zetao Zhao, Qian Yu, Zhen Xia, Zhongyao Ye, Xuejin Huang, Chunlan Song, Jiakun Li
Sulfation, a ubiquitous post-translational modification in biomolecules, primarily targets substrates containing OH groups through O-sulfonation (O–SO3). A method for sulfation via the formation of C–O bonds has the potential to access organic sulfates from a broad substrate scope and in a stereoselective manner but remains elusive. Stereospecific C–O bond formation via 1,2-metallate migration in peroxide oxidation has not been deployed to create any other valuable C–O bonds apart from C–OH. Here we describe a fundamentally unique reactivity of persulfate salts for stereospecific C–O sulfation via 1,4-metallate migration. With the aid of readily accessible, stereodefined organic boron compounds derived from native functionalities and a tandem borylation–sulfation approach, our study thus expands to include hydrosulfation of alkenes, C–H sulfation, decarboxylative sulfation, dehalogenative sulfation and deaminative sulfation, which are not otherwise readily accessible.
{"title":"Stereospecific C–O sulfation via persulfate-induced 1,4-metallate migration","authors":"Zetao Zhao, Qian Yu, Zhen Xia, Zhongyao Ye, Xuejin Huang, Chunlan Song, Jiakun Li","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00636-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00636-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sulfation, a ubiquitous post-translational modification in biomolecules, primarily targets substrates containing OH groups through <i>O</i>-sulfonation (<i>O</i>–SO<sub>3</sub>). A method for sulfation via the formation of C–O bonds has the potential to access organic sulfates from a broad substrate scope and in a stereoselective manner but remains elusive. Stereospecific C–O bond formation via 1,2-metallate migration in peroxide oxidation has not been deployed to create any other valuable C–O bonds apart from C–OH. Here we describe a fundamentally unique reactivity of persulfate salts for stereospecific C–O sulfation via 1,4-metallate migration. With the aid of readily accessible, stereodefined organic boron compounds derived from native functionalities and a tandem borylation–sulfation approach, our study thus expands to include hydrosulfation of alkenes, C–H sulfation, decarboxylative sulfation, dehalogenative sulfation and deaminative sulfation, which are not otherwise readily accessible.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00640-3
Xing Kang, Li Wang, Bingyu Liu, Shuyi Zhou, Yingguo Li, Shuai-Liang Yang, Rui Yao, Liang Qiao, Xiao Wang, Wei Gong, Yan Liu, Leilei Shi, Jinqiao Dong, Yong Cui, Anthony P. Davis
Natural proteins must fold into complex three-dimensional structures to achieve excellent mechanical properties vital for biological functions, but this has proven to be exceptionally difficult to control in synthetic systems. As such, the long-standing issue of low mechanical rigidity and stability induced by misfolding constrains the physical and chemical properties of self-assembling peptide materials. Here we introduce a mixed-chirality strategy that enhances folding efficiency in topologically interlocked metallopeptide nanostructures. The orderly entanglement of heterochiral peptide-derived linkers can fold into a compact three-dimensional catenane. These folding-mediated secondary structural changes not only generate biomimetic binding pockets derived from individual peptide strands but also result in strong chiral amplification by the tight interlocking manner. Notably, this strategic ‘chirality mutation’ alters their arrangement into tertiary structures and is pivotal in achieving exceptional mechanical rigidity observed in the metallopeptide crystals, which exhibit a Young’s modulus of 157.6 GPa, approximately tenfold higher than the most rigid proteinaceous materials in nature. This unusual nature is reflected in enhanced peptide-binding properties and heightened antimicrobial activities relative to its unfolded counterpart.
{"title":"Mechanically rigid metallopeptide nanostructures achieved by highly efficient folding","authors":"Xing Kang, Li Wang, Bingyu Liu, Shuyi Zhou, Yingguo Li, Shuai-Liang Yang, Rui Yao, Liang Qiao, Xiao Wang, Wei Gong, Yan Liu, Leilei Shi, Jinqiao Dong, Yong Cui, Anthony P. Davis","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00640-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00640-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural proteins must fold into complex three-dimensional structures to achieve excellent mechanical properties vital for biological functions, but this has proven to be exceptionally difficult to control in synthetic systems. As such, the long-standing issue of low mechanical rigidity and stability induced by misfolding constrains the physical and chemical properties of self-assembling peptide materials. Here we introduce a mixed<i>-</i>chirality strategy that enhances folding efficiency in topologically interlocked metallopeptide nanostructures. The orderly entanglement of heterochiral peptide-derived linkers can fold into a compact three-dimensional catenane. These folding-mediated secondary structural changes not only generate biomimetic binding pockets derived from individual peptide strands but also result in strong chiral amplification by the tight interlocking manner. Notably, this strategic ‘chirality mutation’ alters their arrangement into tertiary structures and is pivotal in achieving exceptional mechanical rigidity observed in the metallopeptide crystals, which exhibit a Young’s modulus of 157.6 GPa, approximately tenfold higher than the most rigid proteinaceous materials in nature. This unusual nature is reflected in enhanced peptide-binding properties and heightened antimicrobial activities relative to its unfolded counterpart.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00637-y
Vasyl Ripenko, Vadym Sham, Vitalina Levchenko, Serhii Holovchuk, Daniil Vysochyn, Ivan Klymov, Dmytro Kyslyi, Stanislav Veselovych, Serhii Zhersh, Yurii Dmytriv, Andrey Tolmachev, Iryna Sadkova, Irina Pishel, Kateryna Horbatok, Viktoria Kosach, Yelyzaveta Nikandrova, Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
In 2012, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes were demonstrated to be bioisosteres of the benzene ring. Here, we report a general scalable reaction between alkyl iodides and propellane that provides bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane iodides in milligram, gram and even kilogram quantities. The reaction is performed in flow and requires just light; no catalysts, initiators or additives are needed. The reaction is clean enough that, in many cases, evaporation of the reaction mixture provides products in around 90% purity that can be directly used in further transformations without any purification. Combined with the subsequent functionalization, >300 bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes for medicinal chemistry have been prepared. So far, this is the most general and scalable approach towards functionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes.
{"title":"Light-enabled scalable synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane halides and their functionalizations","authors":"Vasyl Ripenko, Vadym Sham, Vitalina Levchenko, Serhii Holovchuk, Daniil Vysochyn, Ivan Klymov, Dmytro Kyslyi, Stanislav Veselovych, Serhii Zhersh, Yurii Dmytriv, Andrey Tolmachev, Iryna Sadkova, Irina Pishel, Kateryna Horbatok, Viktoria Kosach, Yelyzaveta Nikandrova, Pavel K. Mykhailiuk","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00637-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00637-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2012, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes were demonstrated to be bioisosteres of the benzene ring. Here, we report a general scalable reaction between alkyl iodides and propellane that provides bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane iodides in milligram, gram and even kilogram quantities. The reaction is performed in flow and requires just light; no catalysts, initiators or additives are needed. The reaction is clean enough that, in many cases, evaporation of the reaction mixture provides products in around 90% purity that can be directly used in further transformations without any purification. Combined with the subsequent functionalization, >300 bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes for medicinal chemistry have been prepared. So far, this is the most general and scalable approach towards functionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00622-5
Le Shi, Yuanlong Zhong, Honghao Cao, Hao Wang, Zhangyi Xiong, Kun Wang, Hanyang Shen, Zhijie Chen
Supermolecular building block (SBB) approaches have been widely used for synthesizing highly connected metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). However, it remains a challenge to synthesize trinodal MOFs via SBB approaches. Here we report the assembly of (3,12,24)-connected uru-MOFs via a hetero-supermolecular-building-block (hetero-SBB) strategy, that is, using different types of highly connected metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) as building units. This hetero-SBB strategy allows the facile synthesis of previously inaccessible uru-MOFs via 12-connected cuboctahedral and 24-connected rhombicuboctahedral MOPs. The uru-MOF-1, consisting of hierarchical microporous and mesoporous cages, exhibits a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller area of 3,170 m2 g−1. This MOF shows a high methane uptake of 339.6 cm3 (standard temperature and pressure) cm−3 at 159 K and 10 bar and is a promising candidate for low-temperature methane storage. The hetero-SBB strategy paves a way for the designed synthesis of highly connected MOFs, which are difficult to synthesize via traditional strategies, by taking advantage of the arsenal of synthetic MOPs.
{"title":"A hetero-supermolecular-building-block strategy for the assembly of porous (3,12,24)-connected uru metal–organic frameworks","authors":"Le Shi, Yuanlong Zhong, Honghao Cao, Hao Wang, Zhangyi Xiong, Kun Wang, Hanyang Shen, Zhijie Chen","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00622-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00622-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Supermolecular building block (SBB) approaches have been widely used for synthesizing highly connected metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). However, it remains a challenge to synthesize trinodal MOFs via SBB approaches. Here we report the assembly of (3,12,24)-connected uru-MOFs via a hetero-supermolecular-building-block (hetero-SBB) strategy, that is, using different types of highly connected metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) as building units. This hetero-SBB strategy allows the facile synthesis of previously inaccessible uru-MOFs via 12-connected cuboctahedral and 24-connected rhombicuboctahedral MOPs. The uru-MOF-1, consisting of hierarchical microporous and mesoporous cages, exhibits a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller area of 3,170 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. This MOF shows a high methane uptake of 339.6 cm<sup>3</sup> (standard temperature and pressure) cm<sup>−3</sup> at 159 K and 10 bar and is a promising candidate for low-temperature methane storage. The hetero-SBB strategy paves a way for the designed synthesis of highly connected MOFs, which are difficult to synthesize via traditional strategies, by taking advantage of the arsenal of synthetic MOPs.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}