Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00090-x
Filippo Corponi, Bryan M. Li, Gerard Anmella, Clàudia Valenzuela-Pascual, Isabella Pacchiarotti, Marc Valentí, Iria Grande, Antonio Benabarre, Marina Garriga, Eduard Vieta, Stephen M. Lawrie, Heather C. Whalley, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, Antonio Vergari
Bipolar disorder (BD) involves autonomic nervous system dysfunction, detectable through heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is a promising biomarker, but its dynamics during acute mania or depression episodes are poorly understood. Using a Bayesian approach, we developed a probabilistic model of HRV changes in BD, measured by the natural logarithm of the Root Mean Square of Successive RR interval Differences (lnRMSSD). Patients were assessed three to four times from episode onset to euthymia. Unlike previous studies, which used only two assessments, our model allowed for more accurate tracking of changes. Results showed strong evidence for a positive lnRMSSD change during symptom resolution (95.175% probability of positive direction), though the sample size limited the precision of this effect (95% Highest Density Interval [−0.0366, 0.4706], with a Region of Practical Equivalence: [-0.05; 0.05]). Episode polarity did not significantly influence lnRMSSD changes.
{"title":"A Bayesian analysis of heart rate variability changes over acute episodes of bipolar disorder","authors":"Filippo Corponi, Bryan M. Li, Gerard Anmella, Clàudia Valenzuela-Pascual, Isabella Pacchiarotti, Marc Valentí, Iria Grande, Antonio Benabarre, Marina Garriga, Eduard Vieta, Stephen M. Lawrie, Heather C. Whalley, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, Antonio Vergari","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00090-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00090-x","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar disorder (BD) involves autonomic nervous system dysfunction, detectable through heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is a promising biomarker, but its dynamics during acute mania or depression episodes are poorly understood. Using a Bayesian approach, we developed a probabilistic model of HRV changes in BD, measured by the natural logarithm of the Root Mean Square of Successive RR interval Differences (lnRMSSD). Patients were assessed three to four times from episode onset to euthymia. Unlike previous studies, which used only two assessments, our model allowed for more accurate tracking of changes. Results showed strong evidence for a positive lnRMSSD change during symptom resolution (95.175% probability of positive direction), though the sample size limited the precision of this effect (95% Highest Density Interval [−0.0366, 0.4706], with a Region of Practical Equivalence: [-0.05; 0.05]). Episode polarity did not significantly influence lnRMSSD changes.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00090-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00086-7
Michael V. Heinz, Damien Lekkas, Veronica Abreu, Camilla Lee, Lisa A. Marsch, Nicholas C. Jacobson
Depression and anxiety frequently co-occur with opioid use disorder (OUD) yet are often overlooked in standard OUD treatments. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a mobile application designed to address these symptoms in individuals receiving medications for OUD (MOUD). A randomized controlled trial recruited N = 63 adults with OUD who received MOUD and screened positive for moderate depression or generalized anxiety. Participants were randomized to an app-based digital intervention or treatment-as-usual for 4 weeks, and completed follow-ups at 4 and 8 weeks. Primary outcomes were self-reported severity measures for depression and generalized anxiety, and urine drug screens (UDS). Secondary outcomes included self-reported OUD severity, craving intensity, and digital biomarkers derived from passive smartphone sensors. The application was well-received (median app rating = 4/5 stars). The intervention group showed significant reductions in depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms post-intervention and at 8 weeks follow-up (d > 0.70), with large (d = 0.78) and moderate (d = 0.38) effect sizes, respectively, compared to controls. Both groups exhibited substantial decreases in self-reported severity of opioid use symptoms (d > 2.50). UDS suggested similar between-group adherence to MOUD, with a marginal decrease in opioid (MOP) use in the intervention group and increase in controls, yielding medium between group effect sizes (d = 0.44). Passive sensor data suggested significant increases in social connectedness in the intervention group, evidenced by a significant rise in incoming and outgoing calls and text connections. Initial evidence supports the feasibility and acceptability of a digital intervention for treating anxiety and depressive symptoms in persons receiving MOUD. While underpowered to confidently determine statistical significance beyond directionality, the intervention showed promise in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms, suggesting its potential as a cost-effective and scalable adjunctive therapy alongside standard OUD treatment. Due to the preliminary nature of this pilot study, further research with sample sizes permitting greater statistical power is needed to confirm findings and explore long-term effects.
{"title":"Evaluating a mobile app’s effects on depression and anxiety in medication-treated opioid use disorder","authors":"Michael V. Heinz, Damien Lekkas, Veronica Abreu, Camilla Lee, Lisa A. Marsch, Nicholas C. Jacobson","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00086-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00086-7","url":null,"abstract":"Depression and anxiety frequently co-occur with opioid use disorder (OUD) yet are often overlooked in standard OUD treatments. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a mobile application designed to address these symptoms in individuals receiving medications for OUD (MOUD). A randomized controlled trial recruited N = 63 adults with OUD who received MOUD and screened positive for moderate depression or generalized anxiety. Participants were randomized to an app-based digital intervention or treatment-as-usual for 4 weeks, and completed follow-ups at 4 and 8 weeks. Primary outcomes were self-reported severity measures for depression and generalized anxiety, and urine drug screens (UDS). Secondary outcomes included self-reported OUD severity, craving intensity, and digital biomarkers derived from passive smartphone sensors. The application was well-received (median app rating = 4/5 stars). The intervention group showed significant reductions in depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms post-intervention and at 8 weeks follow-up (d > 0.70), with large (d = 0.78) and moderate (d = 0.38) effect sizes, respectively, compared to controls. Both groups exhibited substantial decreases in self-reported severity of opioid use symptoms (d > 2.50). UDS suggested similar between-group adherence to MOUD, with a marginal decrease in opioid (MOP) use in the intervention group and increase in controls, yielding medium between group effect sizes (d = 0.44). Passive sensor data suggested significant increases in social connectedness in the intervention group, evidenced by a significant rise in incoming and outgoing calls and text connections. Initial evidence supports the feasibility and acceptability of a digital intervention for treating anxiety and depressive symptoms in persons receiving MOUD. While underpowered to confidently determine statistical significance beyond directionality, the intervention showed promise in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms, suggesting its potential as a cost-effective and scalable adjunctive therapy alongside standard OUD treatment. Due to the preliminary nature of this pilot study, further research with sample sizes permitting greater statistical power is needed to confirm findings and explore long-term effects.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00086-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00089-4
Rebekka Büscher, Tanita Winkler, Jacopo Mocellin, Stephanie Homan, Natasha Josifovski, Marketa Ciharova, Ward van Breda, Sam Kwon, Mark E. Larsen, John Torous, Joseph Firth, Lasse B. Sander
Passive sensing data from smartphones and wearables may help improve the prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). In this systematic review, we explored the feasibility and predictive validity of passive sensing for STB. On June 24, 2024, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Studies were eligible if they investigated the association between STB and passive sensing, or the feasibility of passive sensing in this context. From 2107 unique records, we identified eleven prediction studies, ten feasibility studies, and seven protocols. Studies indicated generally lower model performance for passive compared to active data, with three out of four studies finding no incremental value. PROBAST ratings revealed major shortcomings in methodology and reporting. Studies suggested that passive sensing is feasible in high-risk populations. In conclusion, there is limited evidence on the predictive value of passive sensing for STB. We highlight important quality characteristics for future research.
{"title":"A systematic review on passive sensing for the prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors","authors":"Rebekka Büscher, Tanita Winkler, Jacopo Mocellin, Stephanie Homan, Natasha Josifovski, Marketa Ciharova, Ward van Breda, Sam Kwon, Mark E. Larsen, John Torous, Joseph Firth, Lasse B. Sander","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00089-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00089-4","url":null,"abstract":"Passive sensing data from smartphones and wearables may help improve the prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). In this systematic review, we explored the feasibility and predictive validity of passive sensing for STB. On June 24, 2024, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Studies were eligible if they investigated the association between STB and passive sensing, or the feasibility of passive sensing in this context. From 2107 unique records, we identified eleven prediction studies, ten feasibility studies, and seven protocols. Studies indicated generally lower model performance for passive compared to active data, with three out of four studies finding no incremental value. PROBAST ratings revealed major shortcomings in methodology and reporting. Studies suggested that passive sensing is feasible in high-risk populations. In conclusion, there is limited evidence on the predictive value of passive sensing for STB. We highlight important quality characteristics for future research.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00089-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00085-8
Linda T. Betz, Gitta A. Jacob, Johannes Knitza, Michaela Koehm, Frank Behrens
Cognitive behavioral therapy improves psychosocial outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but access is limited. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral digital therapeutic, reclarit, on psychosocial outcomes in adult RA patients with impaired health-related quality of life. Participants were randomized to reclarit plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus educational and informational material (active control). The primary outcome was SF-36 mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component summary scores at 3 months, with additional assessments at 6 months. reclarit significantly improved SF-36 MCS scores compared to control (mean difference 3.3 [95% CI 0.7, 5.9]; p = 0.014), with high user satisfaction and sustained improvements at 6 months. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, and social/work functioning also improved significantly, while SF-36 PCS, pain, and disability scores did not differ. In conclusion, reclarit offers immediate, effective, evidence-based and personalized psychological support for RA patients.
认知行为疗法可改善类风湿性关节炎（RA）患者的社会心理疗效，但其普及程度有限。我们进行了一项随机对照试验，以评估认知行为数字疗法 reclarit 对健康相关生活质量受损的成年类风湿关节炎患者的社会心理疗效。参与者被随机分配到reclarit加常规治疗（TAU）或TAU加教育和信息材料（积极对照组）。与对照组相比，reclarit 显著改善了 SF-36 MCS 评分（平均差异为 3.3 [95% CI 0.7, 5.9]；p = 0.014），用户满意度高，6 个月后仍有持续改善。抑郁、焦虑、疲劳和社交/工作功能也有明显改善，而 SF-36 PCS、疼痛和残疾评分没有差异。总之，reclarit 可为 RA 患者提供即时、有效、循证和个性化的心理支持。
{"title":"Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral digital therapeutic on psychosocial outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: randomized controlled trial","authors":"Linda T. Betz, Gitta A. Jacob, Johannes Knitza, Michaela Koehm, Frank Behrens","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00085-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00085-8","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive behavioral therapy improves psychosocial outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but access is limited. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral digital therapeutic, reclarit, on psychosocial outcomes in adult RA patients with impaired health-related quality of life. Participants were randomized to reclarit plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus educational and informational material (active control). The primary outcome was SF-36 mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component summary scores at 3 months, with additional assessments at 6 months. reclarit significantly improved SF-36 MCS scores compared to control (mean difference 3.3 [95% CI 0.7, 5.9]; p = 0.014), with high user satisfaction and sustained improvements at 6 months. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, and social/work functioning also improved significantly, while SF-36 PCS, pain, and disability scores did not differ. In conclusion, reclarit offers immediate, effective, evidence-based and personalized psychological support for RA patients.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00085-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00079-6
Paige E. Cervantes, Charlotte Gendler, Lori Markowitz, Meggin Rose, Priscilla Shorter, Sally Mason, Tanya Hernandez, Kimberly E. Hoagwood
Caregivers play an essential role in the recovery of their adult loved ones with serious mental illness (SMI). Promoting caregiver empowerment and well-being is critical but has often been overlooked. Family peer interventions are well-suited to fill this need; however, research is limited supporting their use with caregivers of adults with SMI. Our team is currently engaged in a study evaluating an adapted version of the evidenced-based Parent Connectors program1,2, renamed Family Connectors (FC), for caregivers of young adults recently discharged from the First Episode Psychosis program in New York (OnTrackNY). This paper, written collaboratively with family peer professionals, describes the adaptation process we followed to systematically document the family peer professional experience one year into delivering the FC program to this novel population. Modifications made to improve intervention fit included tailoring the content of the intervention, incorporating an outside approach into the program, lengthening the service in some cases, and adding a weekly peer supervision meeting. We hope that these insights are used to inform future efforts to advance support for families of loved ones with SMI, and more broadly, that our approach serves as a model for effective collaboration to improve the application of peer support services for unique groups.
{"title":"Adapting the Parent Connector program for caregivers of adults with SMI: the Family Connector experience","authors":"Paige E. Cervantes, Charlotte Gendler, Lori Markowitz, Meggin Rose, Priscilla Shorter, Sally Mason, Tanya Hernandez, Kimberly E. Hoagwood","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00079-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00079-6","url":null,"abstract":"Caregivers play an essential role in the recovery of their adult loved ones with serious mental illness (SMI). Promoting caregiver empowerment and well-being is critical but has often been overlooked. Family peer interventions are well-suited to fill this need; however, research is limited supporting their use with caregivers of adults with SMI. Our team is currently engaged in a study evaluating an adapted version of the evidenced-based Parent Connectors program1,2, renamed Family Connectors (FC), for caregivers of young adults recently discharged from the First Episode Psychosis program in New York (OnTrackNY). This paper, written collaboratively with family peer professionals, describes the adaptation process we followed to systematically document the family peer professional experience one year into delivering the FC program to this novel population. Modifications made to improve intervention fit included tailoring the content of the intervention, incorporating an outside approach into the program, lengthening the service in some cases, and adding a weekly peer supervision meeting. We hope that these insights are used to inform future efforts to advance support for families of loved ones with SMI, and more broadly, that our approach serves as a model for effective collaboration to improve the application of peer support services for unique groups.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00082-x
Shilat Haim-Nachum, Doron Amsalem, Amit Lazarov, Soraya Seedat, Yuval Neria, Xi Zhu
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with various mental health disorders, including PTSD, depression, and anxiety. This study explores how specific classifications – dichotomous (abuse versus neglect) and dimensional (physical, emotional, sexual) – relate to distinct psychopathologies. We recruited 642 individuals, screening them for CM history and symptoms. ANOVA, regression, and SEM analyses compared CM approaches and symptom associations. The dichotomous approach showed significant effects of abuse and neglect on all symptoms. In the dimensional approach, sexual and physical CM were primary features for PTSD, while sexual and emotional CM were primary for depression and anxiety. Overall, the dimensional approach outperformed the dichotomous approach in capturing symptoms, suggesting its importance in understanding psychopathologies and guiding therapeutic interventions. Our findings highlight the differential associations of CM experiences with PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The findings suggest the importance of a dimensional CM approach for understanding psychopathologies and possibly informing targeted therapeutic interventions.
童年虐待（CM）与创伤后应激障碍、抑郁症和焦虑症等各种精神疾病有关。本研究探讨了特定分类--二分法（虐待与忽视）和维度法（身体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待）--与不同精神病理学的关系。我们招募了 642 人，对他们进行了中医病史和症状筛查。方差分析、回归分析和 SEM 分析比较了 CM 方法与症状的关联。二分法显示虐待和忽视对所有症状都有显著影响。在维度方法中，性和身体 CM 是创伤后应激障碍的主要特征，而性和情感 CM 则是抑郁和焦虑的主要特征。总体而言，维度法在捕捉症状方面优于二分法，这表明维度法在理解精神病理学和指导治疗干预方面具有重要意义。我们的研究结果凸显了创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和焦虑症状与心理创伤经历的不同关联。这些研究结果表明，维度CM方法对于理解心理病理学和可能指导有针对性的治疗干预非常重要。
{"title":"Childhood maltreatment and its associations with trauma-related psychopathology: disentangling two classification approaches","authors":"Shilat Haim-Nachum, Doron Amsalem, Amit Lazarov, Soraya Seedat, Yuval Neria, Xi Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00082-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00082-x","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with various mental health disorders, including PTSD, depression, and anxiety. This study explores how specific classifications – dichotomous (abuse versus neglect) and dimensional (physical, emotional, sexual) – relate to distinct psychopathologies. We recruited 642 individuals, screening them for CM history and symptoms. ANOVA, regression, and SEM analyses compared CM approaches and symptom associations. The dichotomous approach showed significant effects of abuse and neglect on all symptoms. In the dimensional approach, sexual and physical CM were primary features for PTSD, while sexual and emotional CM were primary for depression and anxiety. Overall, the dimensional approach outperformed the dichotomous approach in capturing symptoms, suggesting its importance in understanding psychopathologies and guiding therapeutic interventions. Our findings highlight the differential associations of CM experiences with PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The findings suggest the importance of a dimensional CM approach for understanding psychopathologies and possibly informing targeted therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00081-y
E. Whitney Pollio, Helena Zhang, Alex Gajewski, Samir Abu-Hamad, Katy McDonald, David E. Pollio, Carol S. North
The Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 was one of the most devastating incidents of terrorism in America at that time. Existing research has not examined changes in emotional responses outside of psychopathology to disaster over time. The sample for this study consisted of adult participants randomly selected from a state registry of survivors who were directly exposed to the 1995 bombing in Oklahoma City. The Disaster Supplement to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to collect participants’ demographic information and qualitative details of their disaster experience, perceptions, and feelings. A total of 315 items resulted from the coding of responses pertaining to emotions (125 immediately after the disaster event, 140 in the following week, and 50 at approximately seven years postdisaster). The most common emotions in the immediate postdisaster period were shock, fear, and anxiety. In the following week, the most common were sorrow and anger. At seven years, sorrow was the most frequently expressed of all emotions. Understanding the progression of these feelings across time enhances the ability to anticipate responses at different postdisaster timeframes and to intervene in a timely manner.
{"title":"Immediate and evolving emotions among directly exposed survivors 7 years after the Oklahoma City bombing","authors":"E. Whitney Pollio, Helena Zhang, Alex Gajewski, Samir Abu-Hamad, Katy McDonald, David E. Pollio, Carol S. North","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00081-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00081-y","url":null,"abstract":"The Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 was one of the most devastating incidents of terrorism in America at that time. Existing research has not examined changes in emotional responses outside of psychopathology to disaster over time. The sample for this study consisted of adult participants randomly selected from a state registry of survivors who were directly exposed to the 1995 bombing in Oklahoma City. The Disaster Supplement to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to collect participants’ demographic information and qualitative details of their disaster experience, perceptions, and feelings. A total of 315 items resulted from the coding of responses pertaining to emotions (125 immediately after the disaster event, 140 in the following week, and 50 at approximately seven years postdisaster). The most common emotions in the immediate postdisaster period were shock, fear, and anxiety. In the following week, the most common were sorrow and anger. At seven years, sorrow was the most frequently expressed of all emotions. Understanding the progression of these feelings across time enhances the ability to anticipate responses at different postdisaster timeframes and to intervene in a timely manner.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00081-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141980511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00080-z
Sverker Sikström, Miriam Nicolai, Josephine Ahrendt, Suvi Nevanlinna, Lotta Stille
Rating scales are the dominating tool for the quantitative assessment of mental health. They are often believed to have a higher validity than language-based responses, which are the natural way of communicating mental states. Furthermore, it is unclear how difficulties articulating emotions—alexithymia—affect the accuracy of language-based communication of emotions. We investigated whether narratives describing emotional states are more accurately classified by questions-based computational analysis of language (QCLA) compared to commonly used rating scales. Additionally, we examined how this is affected by alexithymia. In Phase 1, participants (N = 348) generated narratives describing events related to depression, anxiety, satisfaction, and harmony. In Phase 2, another set of participants summarized the emotions described in the narratives of Phase 1 in five descriptive words and rating scales (PHQ-9, GAD-7, SWLS, and HILS). The words were quantified with a natural language processing model (i.e., LSA) and classified with machine learning (i.e., multinomial regression). The results showed that the language-based responses can be more accurate in classifying the emotional states compared to the rating scales. The degree of alexithymia did not influence the correctness of classification based on words or rating scales, suggesting that QCLA is not sensitive to alexithymia. However, narratives generated by people with high alexithymia were more difficult to classify than those generated by people with low alexithymia. These results suggest that the assessment of mental health may be improved by language-based responses analyzed by computational methods compared to currently used rating scales.
{"title":"Language or rating scales based classifications of emotions: computational analysis of language and alexithymia","authors":"Sverker Sikström, Miriam Nicolai, Josephine Ahrendt, Suvi Nevanlinna, Lotta Stille","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00080-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00080-z","url":null,"abstract":"Rating scales are the dominating tool for the quantitative assessment of mental health. They are often believed to have a higher validity than language-based responses, which are the natural way of communicating mental states. Furthermore, it is unclear how difficulties articulating emotions—alexithymia—affect the accuracy of language-based communication of emotions. We investigated whether narratives describing emotional states are more accurately classified by questions-based computational analysis of language (QCLA) compared to commonly used rating scales. Additionally, we examined how this is affected by alexithymia. In Phase 1, participants (N = 348) generated narratives describing events related to depression, anxiety, satisfaction, and harmony. In Phase 2, another set of participants summarized the emotions described in the narratives of Phase 1 in five descriptive words and rating scales (PHQ-9, GAD-7, SWLS, and HILS). The words were quantified with a natural language processing model (i.e., LSA) and classified with machine learning (i.e., multinomial regression). The results showed that the language-based responses can be more accurate in classifying the emotional states compared to the rating scales. The degree of alexithymia did not influence the correctness of classification based on words or rating scales, suggesting that QCLA is not sensitive to alexithymia. However, narratives generated by people with high alexithymia were more difficult to classify than those generated by people with low alexithymia. These results suggest that the assessment of mental health may be improved by language-based responses analyzed by computational methods compared to currently used rating scales.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11291691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00078-7
Frank Iorfino, Mathew Varidel, William Capon, Matthew Richards, Jacob J. Crouse, Haley M. LaMonica, Shin Ho Park, Sarah Piper, Yun Ju Christine Song, Carla Gorban, Elizabeth M. Scott, Ian B. Hickie
Mental fitness is a construct that goes beyond a simple focus on subjective emotional wellbeing to encompass more broadly our ability to think, feel, and act to achieve what we want in our daily lives. The measurement and monitoring of multiple (often interacting) domains is crucial to gain a holistic and complete insight into an individual’s mental fitness. We aimed to demonstrate the capability of a new mobile app to characterise the mental fitness of a general population of Australians and to quantify the interrelationships among different domains of mental fitness. Cross-sectional data were collected from 4901 adults from the general population of Australians engaged in work or education who used a mobile app (Innowell) between September 2021 and November 2022. Individuals completed a baseline questionnaire comprised of 26 questions across seven domains of mental fitness (i.e., physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythms, nutrition, substance use, daily activities, social connection, psychological distress). Network analysis was applied at both a domain-level (e.g., 7 nodes representing each cluster of items) and an individual item-level (i.e., 26 nodes representing all questionnaire items). Only 612 people (12%) were functioning well across all domains. One quarter (n = 1204, 25%) had only one problem domain and most (n = 3085, 63%) had multiple problem domains. The two most problematic domains were physical activity (n = 2631, 54%) and social connection (n = 2151, 44%), followed closely by daily activity (n = 1914, 39%). At the domain-level, the strongest association emerged between psychological distress and daily activity (r = 0.301). Psychological distress was the most central node in the network (as measured by strength and expected influence), followed closely by daily activity, sleep and circadian rhythms and then social connection. The item-level network revealed that the nodes with the highest centrality in the network were: hopelessness, depression, functional impairment, effortfulness, subjective energy, worthlessness, and social connectedness. Social connection, sleep and circadian rhythms, and daily activities may be critical targets for intervention due to their widespread associations in the overall network. While psychological distress was not among the most common problems, its centrality may indicate its importance for indicated prevention and early intervention. We showcase the capability of a new mobile app to monitor mental fitness and identify the interrelationships among multiple domains, which may help people develop more personalised insights and approaches.
{"title":"Quantifying the interrelationships between physical, social, and cognitive-emotional components of mental fitness using digital technology","authors":"Frank Iorfino, Mathew Varidel, William Capon, Matthew Richards, Jacob J. Crouse, Haley M. LaMonica, Shin Ho Park, Sarah Piper, Yun Ju Christine Song, Carla Gorban, Elizabeth M. Scott, Ian B. Hickie","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00078-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00078-7","url":null,"abstract":"Mental fitness is a construct that goes beyond a simple focus on subjective emotional wellbeing to encompass more broadly our ability to think, feel, and act to achieve what we want in our daily lives. The measurement and monitoring of multiple (often interacting) domains is crucial to gain a holistic and complete insight into an individual’s mental fitness. We aimed to demonstrate the capability of a new mobile app to characterise the mental fitness of a general population of Australians and to quantify the interrelationships among different domains of mental fitness. Cross-sectional data were collected from 4901 adults from the general population of Australians engaged in work or education who used a mobile app (Innowell) between September 2021 and November 2022. Individuals completed a baseline questionnaire comprised of 26 questions across seven domains of mental fitness (i.e., physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythms, nutrition, substance use, daily activities, social connection, psychological distress). Network analysis was applied at both a domain-level (e.g., 7 nodes representing each cluster of items) and an individual item-level (i.e., 26 nodes representing all questionnaire items). Only 612 people (12%) were functioning well across all domains. One quarter (n = 1204, 25%) had only one problem domain and most (n = 3085, 63%) had multiple problem domains. The two most problematic domains were physical activity (n = 2631, 54%) and social connection (n = 2151, 44%), followed closely by daily activity (n = 1914, 39%). At the domain-level, the strongest association emerged between psychological distress and daily activity (r = 0.301). Psychological distress was the most central node in the network (as measured by strength and expected influence), followed closely by daily activity, sleep and circadian rhythms and then social connection. The item-level network revealed that the nodes with the highest centrality in the network were: hopelessness, depression, functional impairment, effortfulness, subjective energy, worthlessness, and social connectedness. Social connection, sleep and circadian rhythms, and daily activities may be critical targets for intervention due to their widespread associations in the overall network. While psychological distress was not among the most common problems, its centrality may indicate its importance for indicated prevention and early intervention. We showcase the capability of a new mobile app to monitor mental fitness and identify the interrelationships among multiple domains, which may help people develop more personalised insights and approaches.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00078-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00073-y
Niharika Gajawelli, Andrew D. Geoly, Jean-Marie Batail, Xiaoqian Xiao, Adi Maron-Katz, Eleanor Cole, Azeezat Azeez, Ian H. Kratter, Manish Saggar, Nolan R. Williams
SNT is a high-dose accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol coupled with functional-connectivity-guided targeting that is an efficacious and rapid-acting therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data from a double-blinded sham-controlled randomized controlled trial1 to reveal the neural correlates of SNT-based symptom improvement. Neurobehavioral data were acquired at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up. Our primary analytic objective was to investigate changes in seed-based functional connectivity (FC) following SNT and hypothesized that FC changes between the treatment target and the sgACC, DMN, and CEN would ensue following active SNT but not sham. We also investigated the durability of post-treatment observed FC changes at a 1-month follow-up. Study participants included transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-naive adults with a primary diagnosis of moderate-to-severe TRD. Fifty-four participants were screened, 32 were randomized, and 29 received active or sham SNT. An additional 5 participants were excluded due to imaging artifacts, resulting in 12 participants per group (Sham: 5F; SNT: 5F). Although we did not observe any significant group × time effects on the FC between the individualized stimulation target (L-DLPFC) and the CEN or sgACC, we report an increased magnitude of negative FC between the target site and the DMN post-treatment in the active as compared to sham SNT group. This change in FC was sustained at the 1-month follow-up. Further, the degree of change in FC was correlated with improvements in depressive symptoms. Our results provide initial evidence for the putative changes in the functional organization of the brain post-SNT.
{"title":"Increased anti-correlation between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the default mode network following Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT): analysis of a double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial","authors":"Niharika Gajawelli, Andrew D. Geoly, Jean-Marie Batail, Xiaoqian Xiao, Adi Maron-Katz, Eleanor Cole, Azeezat Azeez, Ian H. Kratter, Manish Saggar, Nolan R. Williams","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00073-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00073-y","url":null,"abstract":"SNT is a high-dose accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol coupled with functional-connectivity-guided targeting that is an efficacious and rapid-acting therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data from a double-blinded sham-controlled randomized controlled trial1 to reveal the neural correlates of SNT-based symptom improvement. Neurobehavioral data were acquired at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up. Our primary analytic objective was to investigate changes in seed-based functional connectivity (FC) following SNT and hypothesized that FC changes between the treatment target and the sgACC, DMN, and CEN would ensue following active SNT but not sham. We also investigated the durability of post-treatment observed FC changes at a 1-month follow-up. Study participants included transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-naive adults with a primary diagnosis of moderate-to-severe TRD. Fifty-four participants were screened, 32 were randomized, and 29 received active or sham SNT. An additional 5 participants were excluded due to imaging artifacts, resulting in 12 participants per group (Sham: 5F; SNT: 5F). Although we did not observe any significant group × time effects on the FC between the individualized stimulation target (L-DLPFC) and the CEN or sgACC, we report an increased magnitude of negative FC between the target site and the DMN post-treatment in the active as compared to sham SNT group. This change in FC was sustained at the 1-month follow-up. Further, the degree of change in FC was correlated with improvements in depressive symptoms. Our results provide initial evidence for the putative changes in the functional organization of the brain post-SNT.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00073-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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