Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301221
Obm Geriatrics Editorial Office
The editors of OBM Geriatrics would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2022. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the service Publons (https://publons.com) to receive recognition. Of course, in these initiatives we are careful not to compromise reviewer confidentiality. Many reviewers see their work as a voluntary and often unseen part of their role as researchers. We are grateful to the time reviewers donate to our journals and the contribution they make.
{"title":"Acknowledgement to Reviewers of OBM Geriatrics in 2022","authors":"Obm Geriatrics Editorial Office","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301221","url":null,"abstract":"The editors of OBM Geriatrics would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2022. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the service Publons (https://publons.com) to receive recognition. Of course, in these initiatives we are careful not to compromise reviewer confidentiality. Many reviewers see their work as a voluntary and often unseen part of their role as researchers. We are grateful to the time reviewers donate to our journals and the contribution they make.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301220
G. Battineni, M. A. Hossain, N. Chintalapudi, G. Nittari, Ciro Ruocco, E. Traini, Francesco Amenta
The increasing incidence of adult-onset dementia disorders and primarily Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among the aging population around the world is increasing the social and economic burden on society and healthcare systems. This paper presents three neural networking algorithms: MobileNet, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and DenseNet for AD classification based on MRI imaging data. The results of each model were compared in terms of performance metrics such as accuracy, true positive rate, and receiver operating curve values. Results mentioned that MNet classified AD progression with 95.41% of accuracy. Early detection and appropriate interventions, primarily on modifiable risk factors of AD, can delay the progression of cognitive impairment and other symptoms that represent a main trait of the disease.
{"title":"Brain Imaging Studies Using Deep Neural Networks in the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"G. Battineni, M. A. Hossain, N. Chintalapudi, G. Nittari, Ciro Ruocco, E. Traini, Francesco Amenta","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301220","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing incidence of adult-onset dementia disorders and primarily Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among the aging population around the world is increasing the social and economic burden on society and healthcare systems. This paper presents three neural networking algorithms: MobileNet, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and DenseNet for AD classification based on MRI imaging data. The results of each model were compared in terms of performance metrics such as accuracy, true positive rate, and receiver operating curve values. Results mentioned that MNet classified AD progression with 95.41% of accuracy. Early detection and appropriate interventions, primarily on modifiable risk factors of AD, can delay the progression of cognitive impairment and other symptoms that represent a main trait of the disease.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44654697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204219
H. Figueira, O. Figueira, A. Figueira, J. Figueira, Carlos Roberto Lyra da Silva, E. H. Martin Dantas
The World Health Organization attracted more attention to the positive effects of physical activity (PA) and the adverse effects of stress on the health of older people and, therefore, attracted a more significant number of practitioners. To verify the impact of PA on stress in older people. Observational and analytical research, composed of 690 older people of both genders residing in Brazil, present in street races (as participants or observers), who volunteered to respond to the research protocol consisting of sociodemographic profile, selected questions from the physical activity inventory for the older people, Baecke-Old, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The sample of active older people, 84.35% practitioners of physical activity and 75.4% with higher education, revealed mild-moderate stress at 83.77%, with mean = 51.68%, standard deviation = 12.33%. There was correspondence between PA and stress (p < 0.05). Older people practitioners of physical activity with a higher education level have a mild-moderate stress level. Considering the aging of societies worldwide, with the tendency of older people to present a mild-moderate level of stress, it is suggested that measures be taken for greater vigilance about the stress of older people.
{"title":"Association of Stress with Healthy Aging, the Role of Physical Activity","authors":"H. Figueira, O. Figueira, A. Figueira, J. Figueira, Carlos Roberto Lyra da Silva, E. H. Martin Dantas","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204219","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization attracted more attention to the positive effects of physical activity (PA) and the adverse effects of stress on the health of older people and, therefore, attracted a more significant number of practitioners. To verify the impact of PA on stress in older people. Observational and analytical research, composed of 690 older people of both genders residing in Brazil, present in street races (as participants or observers), who volunteered to respond to the research protocol consisting of sociodemographic profile, selected questions from the physical activity inventory for the older people, Baecke-Old, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The sample of active older people, 84.35% practitioners of physical activity and 75.4% with higher education, revealed mild-moderate stress at 83.77%, with mean = 51.68%, standard deviation = 12.33%. There was correspondence between PA and stress (p < 0.05). Older people practitioners of physical activity with a higher education level have a mild-moderate stress level. Considering the aging of societies worldwide, with the tendency of older people to present a mild-moderate level of stress, it is suggested that measures be taken for greater vigilance about the stress of older people.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42910982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204218
Weiyun Chen, Zhanjia Zhang, B. Giordani, J. Larson
Physical activityis essential to delaying cognitive decline and preventing cognitive impairment in older adults. We designed and implemented two-level 4Active intervention for older adults living in retirement communities. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the 4Active intervention in increasing physical activity and cognitive function in older adults. Fifty-eight eligible older adults with a mean age of 83.83 years (76.3% females) living in two retirement communities voluntarily participated in this study. Forty subjects participated in the two-level 4Active intervention for 12 weeks and 18 subjects were in the control group. Each participant was pre-and posted tested on physical activity (PA) and cognitive flexibility.Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, andAnalysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with repeated measures. ANCOVA with repeated measures indicated that the intervention group had overall higher levels of the total PA and the moderate PA than the control group (F = 11.838, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.180; F = 11.068, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.170). For light PA, ANCOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between time and group (F = 8.477, p = 0.005, η2 = 0.136). The intervention group showed increases in light PA (walking) with a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.538) over time, while the control group decreased light PA from baseline to the post-test. Regarding the results of cognitive flexibility, the ANCOVA with repeated measures revealed that intervention group had overall higher levels of cognitive function compared to the control group (F = 7.88, p = 0.007, η2 = 0.129). Both groups showed significant increases in cognitive flexibility over time (F = 6.68, p = 0.013, η2 = 0.112), but the intervention group had a smaller change in cognitive flexibility over time compared to the control group (F = 6.75, p = 0.012, η2 = 0.113). Engaging in technology-enhanced multicomponent exercises is an effective approach to contributing to physically active and cognitively competent aging.
身体活动对于延缓老年人认知能力下降和预防认知障碍至关重要。我们为生活在退休社区的老年人设计并实施了两级4主动干预。这项研究旨在检验4Active干预在增加老年人身体活动和认知功能方面的有效性。58名平均年龄为83.83岁的老年人自愿参加了本研究，其中76.3%为女性。40名受试者参加为期12周的两级4级积极干预，18名受试者为对照组。每个参与者都接受了身体活动(PA)和认知灵活性的测试。采用描述性统计、独立样本t检验和重复测量的协方差分析(ANCOVA)对数据进行分析。重复测量的ANCOVA结果显示，干预组患者的总PA和中度PA水平均高于对照组(F = 11.838, p = 0.001， η2 = 0.180;F = 11.068, p = 0.002， η = 0.170)。对于轻度PA, ANCOVA显示时间与组间交互作用显著(F = 8.477, p = 0.005， η2 = 0.136)。干预组轻度PA(步行)随时间增加，具有中等效应量(Cohen’s d = 0.538)，而对照组从基线到测试后轻度PA下降。关于认知灵活性的结果，重复测量的ANCOVA结果显示，干预组的整体认知功能水平高于对照组(F = 7.88, p = 0.007， η2 = 0.129)。两组患者的认知灵活性随时间的推移均显著增加(F = 6.68, p = 0.013， η2 = 0.112)，但干预组患者的认知灵活性随时间的变化小于对照组(F = 6.75, p = 0.012， η2 = 0.113)。参与技术增强的多成分练习是促进身体活跃和认知能力的有效方法。
{"title":"4Active Intervention for Promoting Physical Activity and Cognitive Flexibility Among Older Adults","authors":"Weiyun Chen, Zhanjia Zhang, B. Giordani, J. Larson","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204218","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity<strong> </strong>is essential to delaying cognitive decline and preventing cognitive impairment in older adults. We designed and implemented two-level 4Active intervention for older adults living in retirement communities. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the 4Active intervention in increasing physical activity and cognitive function in older adults. Fifty-eight eligible older adults with a mean age of 83.83 years (76.3% females) living in two retirement communities voluntarily participated in this study. Forty subjects participated in the two-level 4Active intervention for 12 weeks and 18 subjects were in the control group. Each participant was pre-and posted tested on physical activity (PA) and cognitive flexibility.<strong> </strong>Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and<strong> </strong>Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with repeated measures. ANCOVA with repeated measures indicated that the intervention group had overall higher levels of the total PA and the moderate PA than the control group (<em>F</em> = 11.838, <em>p</em> = 0.001, <em>η<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.180; <em>F</em> = 11.068, <em>p</em> = 0.002, <em>η<sup>2 </sup></em>= 0.170). For light PA, ANCOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between time and group (<em>F</em> = 8.477, <em>p</em> = 0.005, <em>η<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.136). The intervention group showed increases in light PA (walking) with a medium effect size (Cohen’s <em>d </em>= 0.538) over time, while the control group decreased light PA from baseline to the post-test. Regarding the results of cognitive flexibility, the ANCOVA with repeated measures revealed that intervention group had overall higher levels of cognitive function compared to the control group (<em>F</em> = 7.88, <em>p</em> = 0.007, <em>η<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.129). Both groups showed significant increases in cognitive flexibility over time (<em>F</em> = 6.68, <em>p</em> = 0.013, <em>η<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.112), but the intervention group had a smaller change in cognitive flexibility over time compared to the control group (<em>F</em> = 6.75, <em>p</em> = 0.012, <em>η<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.113). Engaging in technology-enhanced multicomponent exercises is an effective approach to contributing to physically active and cognitively competent aging.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43497232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204217
H. Litwin, Bracha Erlich
This study examined the correlates of change in the depressed state among people aged 65 and older during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, particularly the effects of crucial pandemic-related variables. Data were drawn from the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including information obtained from two special pandemic-related telephone interviews (N = 18, 266). The analysis regressed depressed state soon after the outbreak (T1) and again a year later (T2), on four pandemic-related variables (infection status, the stringency of control measures, and two forms of social network contact during the pandemic: face-to-face contact and communication through electronic means), controlling for baseline depression and health, sociodemographic variables, personality traits, and social network characteristics. The main findings were threefold. First, the epidemic-control measures were found to increase the likelihood of a depressed state soon after the pandemic outbreak, but not in the longer run. This data suggests that respondents became more resilient about the pandemic and its effects over time. Second, interpersonal contact utilizing electronic media did not reduce depression rates in the long run and increased depressed state in the short run. Thus, as mandated by epidemic-control policy, the promotion of electronic contact instead of face-to-face contact constituted a mental health risk factor. Third, face-to-face contact reduced the likelihood of change for the worse in the rate of depression among the respondents. This last finding underscores the need for older people to have close interpersonal contact, even in times of pandemic.
{"title":"The Effects of Control Measures and Social Networks on Depression Among Older People During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic","authors":"H. Litwin, Bracha Erlich","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204217","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the correlates of change in the depressed state among people aged 65 and older during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, particularly the effects of crucial pandemic-related variables. Data were drawn from the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including information obtained from two special pandemic-related telephone interviews (N = 18, 266). The analysis regressed depressed state soon after the outbreak (T1) and again a year later (T2), on four pandemic-related variables (infection status, the stringency of control measures, and two forms of social network contact during the pandemic: face-to-face contact and communication through electronic means), controlling for baseline depression and health, sociodemographic variables, personality traits, and social network characteristics. The main findings were threefold. First, the epidemic-control measures were found to increase the likelihood of a depressed state soon after the pandemic outbreak, but not in the longer run. This data suggests that respondents became more resilient about the pandemic and its effects over time. Second, interpersonal contact utilizing electronic media did not reduce depression rates in the long run and increased depressed state in the short run. Thus, as mandated by epidemic-control policy, the promotion of electronic contact instead of face-to-face contact constituted a mental health risk factor. Third, face-to-face contact reduced the likelihood of change for the worse in the rate of depression among the respondents. This last finding underscores the need for older people to have close interpersonal contact, even in times of pandemic.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48602847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-11DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204216
Y. Keche, Preetam Wasneek, K. Nagpure, N. Gaikwad, S. Dhaneria, S. Siddiqui, Apoorva Joshi
The COVID-19 pandemic had imposed a city-level quarantine, local lockdown, and border closures for patient-level isolation to control virus spread. There is a lack of studies on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the elderly in countries like India during COVID-19. After obtaining written informed consent from the elderly patients, data was recorded in the case record form-cum-questionnaire. The quality of life was assessed with the help of Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) HRQoL-14 measures, which are based on general health improvement, physical and mental health, and its effect on usual activities like self-care, work, or play, sadness, depression, worry, tension, or anxiety, and rest or sleep. A total of 331 patients were screened and 234 were enrolled in this study, with 220 patients completing their follow-up. Among them, 55.43% were retired elderly, 31.82% were unemployed and 21.36% were living alone. After one month, 49 patients had days of poor physical health which was significantly below baseline (70 patients). More patients had poor mental health in the first 15 days as compared to the time of recruitment. At end of 1 month, self-care, work, and recreational activities were affected in 11 patients, with a significant reduction from baseline in 21 patients. Elderly patients felt sad and depressed and did not get enough sleep in the first 7 days and were worried, tense and anxious in the initial 15 days, which improved after 1 month. A significant number of patients had improved activity limitations because of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 1 month. The COVID-19 pandemic had made a significant impact on physical and mental health. A system of mental and psychological health support for the elderly during isolation should be developed. Engaging the elderly in cognitively stimulating mental exercises through apps, limiting exposure to social media, and setting up helplines for the elderly may be helpful in this regard.
{"title":"Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Elderly Patients Attending at Tertiary Health Care Centre in Central India During 1st Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Y. Keche, Preetam Wasneek, K. Nagpure, N. Gaikwad, S. Dhaneria, S. Siddiqui, Apoorva Joshi","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204216","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic had imposed a city-level quarantine, local lockdown, and border closures for patient-level isolation to control virus spread. There is a lack of studies on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the elderly in countries like India during COVID-19. After obtaining written informed consent from the elderly patients, data was recorded in the case record form-cum-questionnaire. The quality of life was assessed with the help of Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) HRQoL-14 measures, which are based on general health improvement, physical and mental health, and its effect on usual activities like self-care, work, or play, sadness, depression, worry, tension, or anxiety, and rest or sleep. A total of 331 patients were screened and 234 were enrolled in this study, with 220 patients completing their follow-up. Among them, 55.43% were retired elderly, 31.82% were unemployed and 21.36% were living alone. After one month, 49 patients had days of poor physical health which was significantly below baseline (70 patients). More patients had poor mental health in the first 15 days as compared to the time of recruitment. At end of 1 month, self-care, work, and recreational activities were affected in 11 patients, with a significant reduction from baseline in 21 patients. Elderly patients felt sad and depressed and did not get enough sleep in the first 7 days and were worried, tense and anxious in the initial 15 days, which improved after 1 month. A significant number of patients had improved activity limitations because of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 1 month. The COVID-19 pandemic had made a significant impact on physical and mental health. A system of mental and psychological health support for the elderly during isolation should be developed. Engaging the elderly in cognitively stimulating mental exercises through apps, limiting exposure to social media, and setting up helplines for the elderly may be helpful in this regard.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49184080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204215
A. Markouizou, Evrydiki Michali, C. Mamareli, J. Anastassopoulou, Panayiota Kolovou, I. Mamarelis, T. Theophanides
Breast cancer affects the female population worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is part of the therapeutic modality in the management of breast cancer, after radical mastectomy or conserving surgery. The FTIR spectroscopic “marker bands” will lead us to approach the mechanism of skin damage due to the interaction of ionizing radiation and skin, on a molecular level at the very early stages. FT-IR spectroscopy, breast digital pictures, and ImageJ software were used in the study. Healthy breast skin was irradiated ex-vivo with a 4 Gy dose of a γ-60Co course Gammachamber 4000A. The FT-IR spectra showed that the low-dose irradiation induces skin dehydration, collagen secondary structure changes and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as a result of free radicals as mediated products. The infrared “marker bands” at about 1743, 1160, and 870 cm-1 are characteristic, indicating the development of inflammation, glycations, and peroxidations respectively, due to ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress. ImageJ analysis provided the sharp surface of the skin after RT irradiation in contrast to the smooth surface of the non-irradiated healthy skin. The most important damages, induced by radiotherapy, were connective tissue lesions, glycosylation, and phosphorylation processes in the skin. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) free radicals prefer to abstract H atoms from lipids, sugar rings of glycoproteins, and base ribose of DNA. The produced intermediate free radicals, as a result of ROS reactions, led to the formation of AGEs and peroxides.
{"title":"The Effect of Irradiation on the Skin upon Breast Cancer Radiotherapy Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy","authors":"A. Markouizou, Evrydiki Michali, C. Mamareli, J. Anastassopoulou, Panayiota Kolovou, I. Mamarelis, T. Theophanides","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204215","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer affects the female population worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is part of the therapeutic modality in the management of breast cancer, after radical mastectomy or conserving surgery. The FTIR spectroscopic “marker bands” will lead us to approach the mechanism of skin damage due to the interaction of ionizing radiation and skin, on a molecular level at the very early stages. FT-IR spectroscopy, breast digital pictures, and ImageJ software were used in the study. Healthy breast skin was irradiated ex-vivo with a 4 Gy dose of a γ-60Co course Gammachamber 4000A. The FT-IR spectra showed that the low-dose irradiation induces skin dehydration, collagen secondary structure changes and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as a result of free radicals as mediated products. The infrared “marker bands” at about 1743, 1160, and 870 cm-1 are characteristic, indicating the development of inflammation, glycations, and peroxidations respectively, due to ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress. ImageJ analysis provided the sharp surface of the skin after RT irradiation in contrast to the smooth surface of the non-irradiated healthy skin. The most important damages, induced by radiotherapy, were connective tissue lesions, glycosylation, and phosphorylation processes in the skin. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) free radicals prefer to abstract H atoms from lipids, sugar rings of glycoproteins, and base ribose of DNA. The produced intermediate free radicals, as a result of ROS reactions, led to the formation of AGEs and peroxides.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44244282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204214
V. Dhikav, Pankaj Kumar, P. Anand
Various grades of cognitive impairment generally occur in older adults over the age of 55, where cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and/or hypertension, coronary artery disease, or cerebrovascular accidents are also common. Cognitive impairment occurs in various forms, from mild or amnesia such as forgetting today's date to more ominous and progressive forms, such as frank dementia. Over 5 million people worldwide suffer from dementia, most of whom live in low- and middle-income countries. It has been envisaged from the beginning that dementia or cognitive impairment has neurodegenerative origins. However, recent studies have indicated that dementia may have a mixed origin or may be preceded by vascular insult and then neurodegenerative pathology. From a pathophysiological standpoint, one of the puzzling questions in the field of cognitive impairment and comorbidities is that it is not clear whether cardiovascular comorbidity or cognitive impairment comes first. Cognitive impairment negatively affects mobility and fitness and this can potentially contribute to development of hypertension or/and diabetes. The present review examines this perplexing situation and tries to anser whether the comorbid conditions are innocent bystanders to cognitive impairment or they play greater causative roles. The rationale of the review is that it is possible to address these cardiovascular risk factors for dementia prevention and hence it summarizes the evidence related to cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Comorbidities and Cognitive Impairment","authors":"V. Dhikav, Pankaj Kumar, P. Anand","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204214","url":null,"abstract":"Various grades of cognitive impairment generally occur in older adults over the age of 55, where cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and/or hypertension, coronary artery disease, or cerebrovascular accidents are also common. Cognitive impairment occurs in various forms, from mild or amnesia such as forgetting today's date to more ominous and progressive forms, such as frank dementia. Over 5 million people worldwide suffer from dementia, most of whom live in low- and middle-income countries. It has been envisaged from the beginning that dementia or cognitive impairment has neurodegenerative origins. However, recent studies have indicated that dementia may have a mixed origin or may be preceded by vascular insult and then neurodegenerative pathology. From a pathophysiological standpoint, one of the puzzling questions in the field of cognitive impairment and comorbidities is that it is not clear whether cardiovascular comorbidity or cognitive impairment comes first. Cognitive impairment negatively affects mobility and fitness and this can potentially contribute to development of hypertension or/and diabetes. The present review examines this perplexing situation and tries to anser whether the comorbid conditions are innocent bystanders to cognitive impairment or they play greater causative roles. The rationale of the review is that it is possible to address these cardiovascular risk factors for dementia prevention and hence it summarizes the evidence related to cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48998757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204213
R. Beringer, P. Gill, G. Gutman, B. de Vries
Disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic exact a toll on vulnerable populations in terms of morbidity and mortality, but they also provide opportunities for personal growth and development and demonstration of personal and collective resiliency. This inductive thematic analysis explores self-perceived negative and positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on 2994 Canadians aged 55+. Data derive from response to two open-ended questions included in a national online survey (View Survey (sfu.ca)) conducted between August-October 2020. Respondents were recruited using Facebook, and a widespread email campaign to organizations serving older adults. 4260 of the 6573 coded comments (66%) addressed negative impacts of COVID-19. Fewer but still a considerable number (n = 2313) addressed positive impacts. The negative comments had a mean of 24.5 words per response (SD = 31.7, range: 1-560), while the positive comments had a mean of 21.3 words (SD = 27, range: 1-448). Five overarching themes characterized negative impacts of the virus in the lives of these older adults: disruption in daily life and plans; disruption in social relations; impact on health and wellness; healthcare and caregiving; and views on the pandemic. An additional five themes identified positive impacts: personal development; relationships; simpler life; benefits in work and finance; and introvert’s dream. Gender differences are consistent with expectations based on gender roles and activities: men were more likely to mention disrupted daily lives in particular as related to work, women were more likely to mention disrupted social relations, while health was mentioned to a comparable extent by both men and women. The negative themes illuminate the deep impact and disruption caused by the pandemic. The positive themes highlight adaptability and successful coping strategies which may be useful in the development of recovery plans and programming to help mitigate the negative effects of future pandemics.
{"title":"Finding Positives Amidst the Negatives: A Thematic Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Canadians 55+","authors":"R. Beringer, P. Gill, G. Gutman, B. de Vries","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204213","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic exact a toll on vulnerable populations in terms of morbidity and mortality, but they also provide opportunities for personal growth and development and demonstration of personal and collective resiliency. This inductive thematic analysis explores self-perceived negative and positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on 2994 Canadians aged 55+. Data derive from response to two open-ended questions included in a national online survey (View Survey (sfu.ca)) conducted between August-October 2020. Respondents were recruited using Facebook, and a widespread email campaign to organizations serving older adults. 4260 of the 6573 coded comments (66%) addressed negative impacts of COVID-19. Fewer but still a considerable number (n = 2313) addressed positive impacts. The negative comments had a mean of 24.5 words per response (SD = 31.7, range: 1-560), while the positive comments had a mean of 21.3 words (SD = 27, range: 1-448). Five overarching themes characterized negative impacts of the virus in the lives of these older adults: disruption in daily life and plans; disruption in social relations; impact on health and wellness; healthcare and caregiving; and views on the pandemic. An additional five themes identified positive impacts: personal development; relationships; simpler life; benefits in work and finance; and introvert’s dream. Gender differences are consistent with expectations based on gender roles and activities: men were more likely to mention disrupted daily lives in particular as related to work, women were more likely to mention disrupted social relations, while health was mentioned to a comparable extent by both men and women. The negative themes illuminate the deep impact and disruption caused by the pandemic. The positive themes highlight adaptability and successful coping strategies which may be useful in the development of recovery plans and programming to help mitigate the negative effects of future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48015834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204212
S. Zusman, L. Natapov, A. Berg-Warman, Ile Kermel Schiffman
To understand dental service utilization in the over-65 age group and to identify the main patterns and barriers to uptake of dental care after the 2019 expansion under the National Health Insurance Law to include dental benefits for the over-75 age group. Phone interviews with a random sample of 512 people over the age of 65 were conducted between February and April 2020. About half had visited a dentist during the previous year (an average of 2.9 visits) while 17% reported they had never visited one. Dental service utilization was lower among those living in the periphery, non-Jews and those who had difficulties covering their monthly expenses. Treatment cost was the main barrier to dental treatment, especially for those with difficulties in covering their monthly expenses. Despite the inclusion of dental treatment for people over the age of 75 in February 2019, the majority of respondents were unaware of this reform, thus the potential of the over-75 age group in lowering the cost barrier has not fully materialized.
{"title":"Dental Services Utilization by over 65 Years Old in Israel in 2020","authors":"S. Zusman, L. Natapov, A. Berg-Warman, Ile Kermel Schiffman","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204212","url":null,"abstract":"To understand dental service utilization in the over-65 age group and to identify the main patterns and barriers to uptake of dental care after the 2019 expansion under the National Health Insurance Law to include dental benefits for the over-75 age group. Phone interviews with a random sample of 512 people over the age of 65 were conducted between February and April 2020. About half had visited a dentist during the previous year (an average of 2.9 visits) while 17% reported they had never visited one. Dental service utilization was lower among those living in the periphery, non-Jews and those who had difficulties covering their monthly expenses. Treatment cost was the main barrier to dental treatment, especially for those with difficulties in covering their monthly expenses. Despite the inclusion of dental treatment for people over the age of 75 in February 2019, the majority of respondents were unaware of this reform, thus the potential of the over-75 age group in lowering the cost barrier has not fully materialized.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44255956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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