Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402225
Mubashir Zafar
The increasing prevalence of mental health issues among university students has become a growing concern globally. This review explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated with principles of behaviour therapy to address mental health challenges among university students. The paper examines how AI technologies, including chatbots, virtual reality, and machine learning algorithms, can be harnessed to provide accessible, personalized, and effective mental health interventions. Furthermore, it discusses applying behaviour therapy principles within AI-driven mental health interventions, focusing on techniques such as cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy, and reinforcement strategies. The review highlights the promising outcomes and challenges of integrating AI and behaviour therapy principles in university mental health services, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations, privacy protection, and cultural sensitivity. By synthesizing current research findings and theoretical frameworks, this paper provides insights into the potential of AI-driven behaviour therapy interventions to enhance university students’ mental health and well-being.
{"title":"Enhancing University Students’ Mental Health under Artificial Intelligence: Principles of Behaviour Therapy","authors":"Mubashir Zafar","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402225","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing prevalence of mental health issues among university students has become a growing concern globally. This review explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated with principles of behaviour therapy to address mental health challenges among university students. The paper examines how AI technologies, including chatbots, virtual reality, and machine learning algorithms, can be harnessed to provide accessible, personalized, and effective mental health interventions. Furthermore, it discusses applying behaviour therapy principles within AI-driven mental health interventions, focusing on techniques such as cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy, and reinforcement strategies. The review highlights the promising outcomes and challenges of integrating AI and behaviour therapy principles in university mental health services, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations, privacy protection, and cultural sensitivity. By synthesizing current research findings and theoretical frameworks, this paper provides insights into the potential of AI-driven behaviour therapy interventions to enhance university students’ mental health and well-being.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402224
Yang-Eun Kim, Boram Lee
Preschool teachers are at high risk of depression. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on evaluating a valid and reliable instrument to measure depressive symptomatology for this population. One such promising instrument is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), a 21-item self-report measure designed to assess the presence and severity of depression. Although the tool’s psychometric properties have been analyzed in different samples, they have not been validated with a Korean preschool teacher sample. Hence, this study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the BDI-II in a sample of Korean preschool teachers. The study participants comprised 252 Korean preschool teachers (243 women and 9 men) with an average age of 33.5 years (SD = 10.3, range = 21-59). The participants completed the Korean version of the BDI-II online. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the psychometric properties of the BDI-II. Six models based on the literature were tested, including single-factor, correlated two- and three-factor, and bifactor models. The reliability and validity of the BDI-II were also analyzed. The bifactor model demonstrated the best data fit with an overarching vital general depression factor that coexists with comparatively weak specific cognitive, affective, and somatic factors. Internal consistency, measured using McDonald’s omega coefficients, was adequate in all cases. Using a validated screening instrument such as the BDI-II may allow clinicians to better detect depression among preschool teachers because of its conciseness and satisfactory psychometric properties. Since a bifactor model confirmed the unidimensionality of the BDI-II, the scores of specific factors should not be used in isolation. However, clinical assessment may benefit from its subscales if they are used in conjunction with total scores.
{"title":"Assessing the Factor Structure and Construct Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in a Korean Preschool Teacher Sample","authors":"Yang-Eun Kim, Boram Lee","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402224","url":null,"abstract":"Preschool teachers are at high risk of depression. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on evaluating a valid and reliable instrument to measure depressive symptomatology for this population. One such promising instrument is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), a 21-item self-report measure designed to assess the presence and severity of depression. Although the tool’s psychometric properties have been analyzed in different samples, they have not been validated with a Korean preschool teacher sample. Hence, this study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the BDI-II in a sample of Korean preschool teachers. The study participants comprised 252 Korean preschool teachers (243 women and 9 men) with an average age of 33.5 years (SD = 10.3, range = 21-59). The participants completed the Korean version of the BDI-II online. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the psychometric properties of the BDI-II. Six models based on the literature were tested, including single-factor, correlated two- and three-factor, and bifactor models. The reliability and validity of the BDI-II were also analyzed. The bifactor model demonstrated the best data fit with an overarching vital general depression factor that coexists with comparatively weak specific cognitive, affective, and somatic factors. Internal consistency, measured using McDonald’s omega coefficients, was adequate in all cases. Using a validated screening instrument such as the BDI-II may allow clinicians to better detect depression among preschool teachers because of its conciseness and satisfactory psychometric properties. Since a bifactor model confirmed the unidimensionality of the BDI-II, the scores of specific factors should not be used in isolation. However, clinical assessment may benefit from its subscales if they are used in conjunction with total scores.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402223
Leonel Pereira, A. Valado
This review explores the potential of compounds derived from red algae (Rhodophyta) as promising neuroprotective agents for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Red algae, abundant in marine environments, contain bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures and functionalities. Sulfated polysaccharides, primarily agar and carrageenans, stand out as the predominant and widely utilized compounds derived from red algae. Additionally, red algae harbor a spectrum of potential molecules such as essential fatty acids, phycobiliproteins, vitamins, minerals, and secondary metabolites. Extensive research has highlighted the diverse biological activities exhibited by these compounds, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds show various biological activities that have garnered interest in their therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the extraction, characterization, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications of Rhodophyta-derived compounds in the context of neuroprotection and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
{"title":"Red Algae Compounds: Potential Neuroprotective Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders","authors":"Leonel Pereira, A. Valado","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402223","url":null,"abstract":"This review explores the potential of compounds derived from red algae (Rhodophyta) as promising neuroprotective agents for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Red algae, abundant in marine environments, contain bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures and functionalities. Sulfated polysaccharides, primarily agar and carrageenans, stand out as the predominant and widely utilized compounds derived from red algae. Additionally, red algae harbor a spectrum of potential molecules such as essential fatty acids, phycobiliproteins, vitamins, minerals, and secondary metabolites. Extensive research has highlighted the diverse biological activities exhibited by these compounds, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds show various biological activities that have garnered interest in their therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the extraction, characterization, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications of Rhodophyta-derived compounds in the context of neuroprotection and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402222
Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed
In the present era, a healthy life is a challenge for everyone. Therefore, diverting individuals' minds towards physical activity and exercise is necessary for the day. This paper proposes to inspect the impact of physical activity on the development of intention to exercise (ITE) among entrepreneurs. The quantitative study collected data from 383 Egyptian entrepreneurs through a survey questionnaire. Most respondents were males (n = 257 or 67.10%) against females (n = 126 or 32.90%). The range of age of the respondents remained as with a majority of respondents were 25-34 (n = 188 or 49.09%); 35-44 (n = 76 or 19.84%); 45-54 (n = 64 or 3.39%); 18-24 (n = 42 or 10.97%), and the minimum respondents were fifty-five and above years of age (n = 13 or 4.35%). Employing path analysis through analysis of moment structures (AMOS), the results unveil a positive impact of self-confidence on physical fitness (SCPF), enjoyment of exercise (EE), and exercise habit for health (EHH) on ITE. On the other hand, the effect of promoting holistic health (PHH) on ITE is negative. The study's findings highlight the importance of addressing psychological factors like self-confidence, enjoyment, and habit formation in promoting exercise intentions. Moreover, there may be a need to reconsider how holistic health is communicated and integrated into exercise programs to ensure a positive impact on individuals' intention to exercise.
{"title":"Determining the Contribution of Physical Activity Constructs in Developing Intention to Exercise among Entrepreneurs","authors":"Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402222","url":null,"abstract":"In the present era, a healthy life is a challenge for everyone. Therefore, diverting individuals' minds towards physical activity and exercise is necessary for the day. This paper proposes to inspect the impact of physical activity on the development of intention to exercise (ITE) among entrepreneurs. The quantitative study collected data from 383 Egyptian entrepreneurs through a survey questionnaire. Most respondents were males (n = 257 or 67.10%) against females (n = 126 or 32.90%). The range of age of the respondents remained as with a majority of respondents were 25-34 (n = 188 or 49.09%); 35-44 (n = 76 or 19.84%); 45-54 (n = 64 or 3.39%); 18-24 (n = 42 or 10.97%), and the minimum respondents were fifty-five and above years of age (n = 13 or 4.35%). Employing path analysis through analysis of moment structures (AMOS), the results unveil a positive impact of self-confidence on physical fitness (SCPF), enjoyment of exercise (EE), and exercise habit for health (EHH) on ITE. On the other hand, the effect of promoting holistic health (PHH) on ITE is negative. The study's findings highlight the importance of addressing psychological factors like self-confidence, enjoyment, and habit formation in promoting exercise intentions. Moreover, there may be a need to reconsider how holistic health is communicated and integrated into exercise programs to ensure a positive impact on individuals' intention to exercise.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141010376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402221
Jihyun Cho, Hojun Lee, Sang Hee Park, M. Kim, Seunghee Won
This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the psychological states of teachers during the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using data on school mental health projects related to COVID-19 in Daegu from May to June 2020. The participants comprised 811 (34.9%) male and 1,511 (65.1%) female teachers in 1,041 (44.8%) middle and 1,281 (55.2%) high schools. After schools reopened, the most common causes of unbearable stress were unusual experiences, fear of infection, and negative emotions. Moreover, 41.5%/40.4% reported experiencing anxiety/depression, out of which 25.1%/23.6%, 10.0%/14.0%, and 6.4%/2.8% exhibited mild, moderate, and severe levels, respectively. The study identified the following influencing factors of anxiety: being female (OR: 1.52), years of employment (≤5 and <15; OR: 1.36; reference: <5), average monthly household income (≤3,000,000 and <5,000,000 [OR: 0.69], 5,000,000 ≤ [OR: 0.67]; reference ≤1,000,000 and <3,000,000 won), depression (OR: 19.14), posttraumatic stress symptoms (OR: 11.65), job stress (OR: 9.13), resilience (OR: 0.37), and subjective well-being (OR: 0.45). We identified the following factors for depression: being female (OR: 1.51), aged 40s (OR: 1.70; reference: 20s), average monthly household income (≤3,000,000 and <5,000,000 [OR: 0.75], ≤5,000,000 [OR: 0.66]; reference: ≤1,000,000 and <3,000,000 won), anxiety (OR: 19.14), posttraumatic stress symptoms (OR: 4.03), job stress (OR: 14.04), resilience (OR: 0.29), and subjective well-being (OR: 0.33). The findings suggest a necessity for specific, systematic measures and psychological support to teachers vulnerable to the impact of disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to cope with disasters and improve school adaptation.
{"title":"Mental Health of Teachers during the First Wave of COVID-19 in Daegu, Korea: Challenges in Reopening Schools","authors":"Jihyun Cho, Hojun Lee, Sang Hee Park, M. Kim, Seunghee Won","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402221","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the psychological states of teachers during the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using data on school mental health projects related to COVID-19 in Daegu from May to June 2020. The participants comprised 811 (34.9%) male and 1,511 (65.1%) female teachers in 1,041 (44.8%) middle and 1,281 (55.2%) high schools. After schools reopened, the most common causes of unbearable stress were unusual experiences, fear of infection, and negative emotions. Moreover, 41.5%/40.4% reported experiencing anxiety/depression, out of which 25.1%/23.6%, 10.0%/14.0%, and 6.4%/2.8% exhibited mild, moderate, and severe levels, respectively. The study identified the following influencing factors of anxiety: being female (OR: 1.52), years of employment (≤5 and <15; OR: 1.36; reference: <5), average monthly household income (≤3,000,000 and <5,000,000 [OR: 0.69], 5,000,000 ≤ [OR: 0.67]; reference ≤1,000,000 and <3,000,000 won), depression (OR: 19.14), posttraumatic stress symptoms (OR: 11.65), job stress (OR: 9.13), resilience (OR: 0.37), and subjective well-being (OR: 0.45). We identified the following factors for depression: being female (OR: 1.51), aged 40s (OR: 1.70; reference: 20s), average monthly household income (≤3,000,000 and <5,000,000 [OR: 0.75], ≤5,000,000 [OR: 0.66]; reference: ≤1,000,000 and <3,000,000 won), anxiety (OR: 19.14), posttraumatic stress symptoms (OR: 4.03), job stress (OR: 14.04), resilience (OR: 0.29), and subjective well-being (OR: 0.33). The findings suggest a necessity for specific, systematic measures and psychological support to teachers vulnerable to the impact of disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to cope with disasters and improve school adaptation.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401215
Irina Tarasova, Olga Trubnikova
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been observed as a complication after cardiac surgery consistently. The ineffectiveness of current treatments for POCD is causing a search for non-invasive alternatives. The present review aims to consolidate the current understanding of how VR methods effectively facilitate the recovery of cognitive functioning in cardiac surgery patients. To obtain information about the effects of VR technology on cognitive functions, we investigated the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Our research has shown that VR systems effectively provide feedback, adapt to individual needs, and provide high-intensity and meaningful exercise to promote cognitive and motor learning. Previous studies have demonstrated that multisensory and multidomain stimulation of cognitive functions is possible through VR technology. Thus, the cognitive rehabilitation of cardiac surgery patients can be significantly enhanced using virtual reality (VR) technologies.
术后认知功能障碍（POCD）一直是心脏手术后的一种并发症。目前治疗术后认知功能障碍的方法效果不佳，因此人们开始寻找非侵入性的替代方法。本综述旨在巩固目前对虚拟现实方法如何有效促进心脏手术患者认知功能恢复的认识。为了获取有关 VR 技术对认知功能影响的信息，我们对 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science Core Collection 数据库进行了调查。我们的研究表明，VR 系统能有效提供反馈，适应个人需求，并提供高强度和有意义的锻炼，以促进认知和运动学习。以往的研究表明，通过 VR 技术可以对认知功能进行多感官、多领域的刺激。因此，利用虚拟现实（VR）技术可以显著提高心脏手术患者的认知康复效果。
{"title":"Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Virtual Reality for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Short Review","authors":"Irina Tarasova, Olga Trubnikova","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401215","url":null,"abstract":"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been observed as a complication after cardiac surgery consistently. The ineffectiveness of current treatments for POCD is causing a search for non-invasive alternatives. The present review aims to consolidate the current understanding of how VR methods effectively facilitate the recovery of cognitive functioning in cardiac surgery patients. To obtain information about the effects of VR technology on cognitive functions, we investigated the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Our research has shown that VR systems effectively provide feedback, adapt to individual needs, and provide high-intensity and meaningful exercise to promote cognitive and motor learning. Previous studies have demonstrated that multisensory and multidomain stimulation of cognitive functions is possible through VR technology. Thus, the cognitive rehabilitation of cardiac surgery patients can be significantly enhanced using virtual reality (VR) technologies.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401214
Sintija Strautmane, Artūrs Balodis, Klavs Smidrovskis, K. Auslands
Rhinorrhea is a possible complication after different types of traumatic brain injury or neurosurgical procedures, such as skull base operations. Pneumocephalus is a rarely noted complication after severe traumatic brain injury, and it may be accompanied by meningitis and ventriculitis, especially when treatment has been delayed. Treatment of these entities includes conservative and surgical approaches. Pneumocephalus may result in neurologic disturbances threatening a life. Therefore, active patient management with a multidisciplinary team is required to prevent poor outcomes. In the literature, limited cases of rhinorrhea and pneumocephalus are available, including in our country. Pneumocephalus may also occur spontaneously. In 2015, Pishbin et al. identified 10 cases of spontaneous pneumocephalus. The precise incidence of diffuse pneumocephalus after traumatic brain injury is unknown, reported as <1% of cases with rare complications. In this case, a 41-year-old male patient presented at a tertiary university hospital with the chief complaint of headache. A month prior to admission, the patient was discharged from another hospital with multiple skull and facial fractures, pneumocephalus, and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe due to fights (Le Fort III). During the second hospitalization, the patient’s clinical status deteriorated. A repeated brain CT demonstrated diffuse pneumocephalus. Rhinorrhea was still present. The external lumbal drainage procedure was performed without stopping the cerebrospinal fluid leak. In children, pediatric inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a frequent cause of nasal breathing difficulties. In this case, no such hypertrophy was observed. It should be considered a nasal obstructive disease not necessarily related to adult entities, frequently associated with other nasal or craniofacial disorders. Early diagnosis and endoscopic management of rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and associated complications is vital, as delays can lead to life-threatening issues like hydrocephalus/meningitis. Eventually, the patient developed meningitis and acute communicating hydrocephalus. Right ventriculostomy with a programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement was done (pressure 110 cm H2O), stopping the rhinorrhea. This is an extremely rare case where a patient, after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, develops severe complications, including pneumocephalus, meningitis, ventriculitis, and acute communicating hydrocephalus. In the literature, we did not come across case reports presenting all the complications as in this case. This case report will raise knowledge and awareness of such entities, adding to the rare, similar cases reported so far.
鼻出血是不同类型的脑外伤或神经外科手术（如颅底手术）后可能出现的并发症。脑积气是严重脑外伤后极少见的并发症，可能伴有脑膜炎和脑室炎，尤其是在延误治疗的情况下。这些并发症的治疗包括保守治疗和手术治疗。脑积气可能导致神经功能紊乱，危及生命。因此，需要多学科团队对患者进行积极管理，以防止不良后果的发生。在包括我国在内的文献中，鼻出血和气胸的病例非常有限。气胸也可能自发发生。2015 年，Pishbin 等人发现了 10 例自发性气胸。脑外伤后弥漫性气胸的确切发生率尚不清楚，据报道小于1%，并伴有罕见的并发症。在本病例中，一名 41 岁的男性患者以头痛为主诉到一家三级甲等大学医院就诊。入院前一个月，患者因打架斗殴导致多发性颅骨和面部骨折、气胸和左额叶外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（Le Fort III）而从另一家医院出院。在第二次住院期间，患者的临床状况恶化。反复进行的脑部 CT 显示出弥漫性气胸。鼻出血仍然存在。进行了腔外引流术，但没有止住脑脊液漏。在儿童中，小儿下鼻甲肥大是导致鼻呼吸困难的常见原因。在本病例中，未观察到下鼻甲肥大。应将其视为一种鼻阻塞性疾病，与成人病例没有必然联系，经常与其他鼻部或颅面疾病相关。鼻出血、鼻阻塞和相关并发症的早期诊断和内窥镜治疗至关重要，因为延误可能导致脑积水/脑膜炎等危及生命的问题。最终，患者患上了脑膜炎和急性交流性脑积水。患者接受了右心室造口术和可编程脑室腹腔分流术（压力为 110 cm H2O），停止了鼻出血。这是一个极其罕见的病例，患者在脑脊液（CSF）漏后出现了严重的并发症，包括气胸、脑膜炎、脑室炎和急性交流性脑积水。在文献中，我们没有发现像本病例一样出现所有并发症的病例报告。本病例报告将提高人们对此类病例的了解和认识，为迄今为止报告的罕见类似病例增添新的内容。
{"title":"Management of Posttraumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak with Secondary Diffuse Pneumocephalus Complicated by Meningitis and Communicating Hydrocephalus – Illustrative Case Report","authors":"Sintija Strautmane, Artūrs Balodis, Klavs Smidrovskis, K. Auslands","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401214","url":null,"abstract":"Rhinorrhea is a possible complication after different types of traumatic brain injury or neurosurgical procedures, such as skull base operations. Pneumocephalus is a rarely noted complication after severe traumatic brain injury, and it may be accompanied by meningitis and ventriculitis, especially when treatment has been delayed. Treatment of these entities includes conservative and surgical approaches. Pneumocephalus may result in neurologic disturbances threatening a life. Therefore, active patient management with a multidisciplinary team is required to prevent poor outcomes. In the literature, limited cases of rhinorrhea and pneumocephalus are available, including in our country. Pneumocephalus may also occur spontaneously. In 2015, Pishbin et al. identified 10 cases of spontaneous pneumocephalus. The precise incidence of diffuse pneumocephalus after traumatic brain injury is unknown, reported as <1% of cases with rare complications. In this case, a 41-year-old male patient presented at a tertiary university hospital with the chief complaint of headache. A month prior to admission, the patient was discharged from another hospital with multiple skull and facial fractures, pneumocephalus, and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe due to fights (Le Fort III). During the second hospitalization, the patient’s clinical status deteriorated. A repeated brain CT demonstrated diffuse pneumocephalus. Rhinorrhea was still present. The external lumbal drainage procedure was performed without stopping the cerebrospinal fluid leak. In children, pediatric inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a frequent cause of nasal breathing difficulties. In this case, no such hypertrophy was observed. It should be considered a nasal obstructive disease not necessarily related to adult entities, frequently associated with other nasal or craniofacial disorders. Early diagnosis and endoscopic management of rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and associated complications is vital, as delays can lead to life-threatening issues like hydrocephalus/meningitis. Eventually, the patient developed meningitis and acute communicating hydrocephalus. Right ventriculostomy with a programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement was done (pressure 110 cm H2O), stopping the rhinorrhea. This is an extremely rare case where a patient, after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, develops severe complications, including pneumocephalus, meningitis, ventriculitis, and acute communicating hydrocephalus. In the literature, we did not come across case reports presenting all the complications as in this case. This case report will raise knowledge and awareness of such entities, adding to the rare, similar cases reported so far.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401213
Mimi Mun Yee Tse, S. Ng, Vivian Lou, Raymond SK Lo, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung, Paul H Lee, S. K. Tang, Siu Hang Leung, Percy Poo-See Tse
CorrectionCorrection: Tse et al. How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services & the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain. OBM Neurobiology 2023; 7: 183Mimi Mun Yee Tse 1, *, Shamay Sheung Mei Ng 2, Vivian Lou 3, Raymond SK Lo 4, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung 5, Paul H Lee 6, Shuk Kwan Tang 7, Siu Hang Leung 1, Percy Poo-See Tse 1* Correspondence: Mimi Mun Yee Tse; E-Mail: mmytse@hkmu.edu.hkAcademic Editors: Ines Testoni, Adriano Zamperini and Lorenza PalazzoSpecial Issue: How COVID-19 Changed Individual and Social Life: Psychological and Mental illness Studies on the Pandemic OutcomesOBM Neurobiology2024, volume 8, issue 1doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401213Received: March 11, 2024Accepted: March 11, 2024Published: March 12, 2024The authors wish to make the following correction to the paper [1].
更正更正：Tse et al. COVID-19 如何停止所有老年人服务以及患有慢性疼痛的社区老年人的出路。OBM Neurobiology 2023; 7: 183Mimi Mun Yee Tse 1, *, Shamay Sheung Mei Ng 2, Vivian Lou 3, Raymond SK Lo 4, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung 5, Paul H Lee 6, Shuk Kwan Tang 7, Siu Hang Leung 1, Percy Poo-See Tse 1* Correspondence：Mimi Mun Yee Tse；E-Mail：mmytse@hkmu.edu.hkAcademic 编辑：Ines Testoni、Adriano Zamperini 和 Lorenza Palazzo特刊：COVID-19 如何改变个人和社会生活：关于大流行结果的心理和精神疾病研究OBM Neurobiology2024，第 8 卷，第 1 期DOI:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401213收稿日期：2024 年 3 月 11 日收稿日期：2024 年 3 月 11 日2024 年 3 月 11 日接受：接受：2024 年 3 月 11 日发表：2024 年 3 月 12 日作者希望对论文[1]做如下更正。
{"title":"Correction: Tse et al. How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services & the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain. OBM Neurobiology 2023; 7: 183","authors":"Mimi Mun Yee Tse, S. Ng, Vivian Lou, Raymond SK Lo, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung, Paul H Lee, S. K. Tang, Siu Hang Leung, Percy Poo-See Tse","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401213","url":null,"abstract":"Correction<strong>Correction: Tse et al. How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services & the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain. <em>OBM Neurobiology</em> 2023; 7: 183</strong>Mimi Mun Yee Tse <sup>1,</sup><sup> *</sup>, Shamay Sheung Mei Ng <sup>2</sup>, Vivian Lou <sup>3</sup>, Raymond SK Lo <sup>4</sup>, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung <sup>5</sup>, Paul H Lee <sup>6</sup>, Shuk Kwan Tang <sup>7</sup>, Siu Hang Leung <sup>1</sup>, Percy Poo-See Tse <sup>1</sup>* <strong>Correspondence: </strong>Mimi Mun Yee Tse; E-Mail: <a href=\"mailto:mmytse@hkmu.edu.hk\">mmytse@hkmu.edu.hk</a><strong>Academic Editors: </strong>Ines Testoni, Adriano Zamperini and Lorenza Palazzo<strong>Special Issue</strong>: <a href=\"https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-special-issues/psychological-coping-COVID-19-pandemic\">How COVID-19 Changed Individual and Social Life: Psychological and Mental illness Studies on the Pandemic Outcomes</a><em>OBM Neurobiology</em>2024, volume 8, issue 1doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401213<strong>Received:</strong> March 11, 2024<strong>Accepted:</strong> March 11, 2024<strong>Published:</strong> March 12, 2024The authors wish to make the following correction to the paper [1].","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401212
N. Abdelwahed, Mohammed A. Al Doghan, Bahadur Ali Soomro
In this study, the researchers explore the effects of COVID-19-related challenges, such as fear and anxiety about COVID-19, the uncertainty of COVID-19, and the recognition of business opportunities for entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. This study used quantitative methods and based their findings on 278 usable samples collected from Egyptian entrepreneurs. Employing the Structural Equation Model (SEM) through SmartPLS4 shows that fear and anxiety arising from the COVID-19 pandemic harm entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. Moreover, the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and the recognition of business opportunities positively and significantly impact entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study’s findings support psychological well-being, reduce uncertainty, foster the recognition of business opportunities, and implement supportive policies to promote entrepreneurial intentions and successful business startups.
{"title":"Resilience in Adversity: COVID-19 Pandemic Challenges in Diminishing Entrepreneurial Intentions and Business Startups","authors":"N. Abdelwahed, Mohammed A. Al Doghan, Bahadur Ali Soomro","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401212","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the researchers explore the effects of COVID-19-related challenges, such as fear and anxiety about COVID-19, the uncertainty of COVID-19, and the recognition of business opportunities for entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. This study used quantitative methods and based their findings on 278 usable samples collected from Egyptian entrepreneurs. Employing the Structural Equation Model (SEM) through SmartPLS4 shows that fear and anxiety arising from the COVID-19 pandemic harm entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. Moreover, the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and the recognition of business opportunities positively and significantly impact entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study’s findings support psychological well-being, reduce uncertainty, foster the recognition of business opportunities, and implement supportive policies to promote entrepreneurial intentions and successful business startups.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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