Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17826.1
Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Eirik M. B. Stokmo, Jhon M. Muñoz‐Barrera
Background The present contribution reexamines the geometry of a segment of a presumably long-lived fault in Svalbard, the Balliolbreen Fault segment of the Billefjorden Fault Zone, along which presumably two basement terranes of Svalbard accreted in the early–mid Paleozoic after thousands of kilometers strike-slip displacement. Methods We performed structural fieldwork to Billefjorden in central Spitsbergen and interpreted satellite images. Results Field observations demonstrate that the Balliolbreen Fault formed as a top-west thrust fault in the early Cenozoic and that weak sedimentary units such as shales of the Lower Devonian Wood Bay Formation and coals of the uppermost Devonian–Mississippian Billefjorden Group partitioned deformation, resulting in significant contrast in deformation intensity between stratigraphic units. For example, tight early Cenozoic folds are localized in shales of the Wood Bay Formation and contemporaneous top-west brittle–ductile thrusts within coals of the Billefjorden Group, whereas Pennsylvanian deposits of the Hultberget (and/or Ebbadalen?) Formation are simply folded into gentle open folds. Rheological contrasts also resulted in the development of décollements locally, e.g., between tightly folded strata of the Wood Bay Formation and Billefjorden Group and flat-lying, brecciated limestone-dominated strata of the Wordiekammen Formation. Despite the limited quality and continuity of outcrops in the area, the eastward-thickening character (i.e., away from the fault) of Pennsylvanian deposits of the Hultberget, Ebbadalen, and Minkinfjellet formations suggests that the fault did not act as a normal fault in Pennsylvanian times. Conclusions The study suggests that strain partitioning of early Cenozoic Eurekan contraction alone may explain the deformation patterns in Paleozoic rock units in central Spitsbergen, i.e., that Late Devonian Svalbardian contraction is not required, and that a major segment of the Billefjorden Fault Zone formed in the early Cenozoic. The present work illustrates the crucial need for interdisciplinary approaches and composite educational backgrounds in science.
{"title":"On the Billefjorden fault zone in Garmdalen, central Spitsbergen: implications for the mapping of major fault zones during geological fieldwork and for the tectonic history of Svalbard","authors":"Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Eirik M. B. Stokmo, Jhon M. Muñoz‐Barrera","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17826.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17826.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background The present contribution reexamines the geometry of a segment of a presumably long-lived fault in Svalbard, the Balliolbreen Fault segment of the Billefjorden Fault Zone, along which presumably two basement terranes of Svalbard accreted in the early–mid Paleozoic after thousands of kilometers strike-slip displacement. Methods We performed structural fieldwork to Billefjorden in central Spitsbergen and interpreted satellite images. Results Field observations demonstrate that the Balliolbreen Fault formed as a top-west thrust fault in the early Cenozoic and that weak sedimentary units such as shales of the Lower Devonian Wood Bay Formation and coals of the uppermost Devonian–Mississippian Billefjorden Group partitioned deformation, resulting in significant contrast in deformation intensity between stratigraphic units. For example, tight early Cenozoic folds are localized in shales of the Wood Bay Formation and contemporaneous top-west brittle–ductile thrusts within coals of the Billefjorden Group, whereas Pennsylvanian deposits of the Hultberget (and/or Ebbadalen?) Formation are simply folded into gentle open folds. Rheological contrasts also resulted in the development of décollements locally, e.g., between tightly folded strata of the Wood Bay Formation and Billefjorden Group and flat-lying, brecciated limestone-dominated strata of the Wordiekammen Formation. Despite the limited quality and continuity of outcrops in the area, the eastward-thickening character (i.e., away from the fault) of Pennsylvanian deposits of the Hultberget, Ebbadalen, and Minkinfjellet formations suggests that the fault did not act as a normal fault in Pennsylvanian times. Conclusions The study suggests that strain partitioning of early Cenozoic Eurekan contraction alone may explain the deformation patterns in Paleozoic rock units in central Spitsbergen, i.e., that Late Devonian Svalbardian contraction is not required, and that a major segment of the Billefjorden Fault Zone formed in the early Cenozoic. The present work illustrates the crucial need for interdisciplinary approaches and composite educational backgrounds in science.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17990.1
Max Silberztein, Cristina Mota, Anabela Barreiro
Bakground The linguistic pursuit of describing natural languages stands as a commendable scientific endeavor, regardless of immediate software application prospects. It transcends mere documentation of possible sentences to establish connections between sentences derived from transformations. Methods Amid the dominance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in research and technology, which offer intriguing advancements in text generation, the approaches presented in this article confront challenges like opacity, limited human intervention, and adaptation difficulties inherent in LLMs. The alternative or complementary approaches highlighted here focus on the theoretical and methodological challenges of describing linguistic transformations and are firmly rooted in the field of linguistics, the science of language. We propose two solutions to address the problem of language transformations: (i) the procedural approach, which involves representing each transformation with a transducer, and (ii) the declarative method, which entails capturing all potential transformations in a single neutral grammar. Results These approaches simplify the generation of complex sentences from elementary ones and vice versa. Conclusion This work has benefited from research exchanges within the Multi3Generation COST Action (CA18231), and the resources produced can contribute to enhancing any language generation system.
{"title":"Developing neutral linguistic resources for the implementation of an automatic transformational analyzer","authors":"Max Silberztein, Cristina Mota, Anabela Barreiro","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17990.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17990.1","url":null,"abstract":"Bakground The linguistic pursuit of describing natural languages stands as a commendable scientific endeavor, regardless of immediate software application prospects. It transcends mere documentation of possible sentences to establish connections between sentences derived from transformations. Methods Amid the dominance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in research and technology, which offer intriguing advancements in text generation, the approaches presented in this article confront challenges like opacity, limited human intervention, and adaptation difficulties inherent in LLMs. The alternative or complementary approaches highlighted here focus on the theoretical and methodological challenges of describing linguistic transformations and are firmly rooted in the field of linguistics, the science of language. We propose two solutions to address the problem of language transformations: (i) the procedural approach, which involves representing each transformation with a transducer, and (ii) the declarative method, which entails capturing all potential transformations in a single neutral grammar. Results These approaches simplify the generation of complex sentences from elementary ones and vice versa. Conclusion This work has benefited from research exchanges within the Multi3Generation COST Action (CA18231), and the resources produced can contribute to enhancing any language generation system.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the findings from a survey on factors influencing the adoption of agricultural Decision Support Systems (DSS). Our study focuses on examining the influence of behavioural, socioeconomic and farm specific characteristics on DSS adoption. Using two structural equation models, we investigate how these factors influence the willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to adopt. Our analysis reveals nuanced insights into the user and farm-specific factors that influence the decision-making process of DSS adoption and WTP. Notably, farm size significantly influences both adoption and WTP, with larger farms more likely to adopt and exhibit higher WTP. To promote adoption, it is important to adapt promotion strategies, with a focus on productivity benefits for large-scale farms and addressing price barriers for smaller ones. Additionally, the main crop type grown impacts WTP and adoption, with arable crop farmers exhibit a lower WTP but more likely to adopt, especially in large-scale operations. Conversely, small-scale arable farmers exhibit higher WTP but lower adoption rates due to scale constraints. Farmer characteristics such as experience and attitudes also play a crucial role, with experienced users and those perceiving productivity improvements due to DSS showing higher WTP. In addition, adoption is also influenced by ease of use and pricing, underpinning the importance of user-friendly designs and clear cost justifications. DSSs with user-centric designs and clear cost justifications can enhance adoption rates.
{"title":"Decision Support Systems adoption in pesticide management","authors":"Jotham Jea Akaka, Aurora García-Gallego, Nikolaos Georgantzis, Jean-Christian Tisserand, Efi Vasileiou, Mark Ramsden","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17577.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17577.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the findings from a survey on factors influencing the adoption of agricultural Decision Support Systems (DSS). Our study focuses on examining the influence of behavioural, socioeconomic and farm specific characteristics on DSS adoption. Using two structural equation models, we investigate how these factors influence the willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to adopt. Our analysis reveals nuanced insights into the user and farm-specific factors that influence the decision-making process of DSS adoption and WTP. Notably, farm size significantly influences both adoption and WTP, with larger farms more likely to adopt and exhibit higher WTP. To promote adoption, it is important to adapt promotion strategies, with a focus on productivity benefits for large-scale farms and addressing price barriers for smaller ones. Additionally, the main crop type grown impacts WTP and adoption, with arable crop farmers exhibit a lower WTP but more likely to adopt, especially in large-scale operations. Conversely, small-scale arable farmers exhibit higher WTP but lower adoption rates due to scale constraints. Farmer characteristics such as experience and attitudes also play a crucial role, with experienced users and those perceiving productivity improvements due to DSS showing higher WTP. In addition, adoption is also influenced by ease of use and pricing, underpinning the importance of user-friendly designs and clear cost justifications. DSSs with user-centric designs and clear cost justifications can enhance adoption rates.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"29 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.18028.1
Jean Louis Kananura, Betsy C.Rono, Kamija S.Phiri
Background Almost 10 million children under the age of five in Kenya, die due to fever-related diseases. In Busia, a county in Kenya, malaria accounts for 13% of all child fatalities under the age of five, a number higher than any other county. This study aimed to determine (a) proportion of appropriate health-seeking behavior and (b) determinants of health-seeking behaviors (HSBs) among their caregivers in Butula Sub-County, Busia County, as reported by the caregivers. Methods This cross-sectional mixed-method study included 271 caregivers, 11 community health volunteers, and health facility workers in Butula Sub-County. Systematic random sampling for participants and purposive sampling for key informants were used. A questionnaire collected the data that was analysed using frequency and percentages and logistic regression. Results 70.1% of caregivers reported seeking care for a child's fever within 24 hours. Individual factors that caregivers reported to influence appropriate health-seeking HSB were unemployment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.217 – 0.593, p = 0.018), self-medication preference (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.054 – 0.363, p < 0.001), had atleast two children (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.425 – 0.937, p = 0.042), and confidence in identifying fever (aOR = 7.0, 95% CI: 2.200 – 22.439, p = 0.001). Health-system factors reported to influence HSBs were facility too far (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.526 – 0.914, p = 0.027), getting health education (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.201-4.122, p=0.015), and facility level (aOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 2.015 – 9.750, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings found health system factors related to HSB as stockouts, facility distance, and staff workload. Conclusions Policy and practice efforts should focus on significant individual and health system determinants for HSBs among caregivers of children under five with febrile illness.
{"title":"The proportion and determinants of appropriate health seeking behavior for febrile illness among caregivers of children under-five years in Butula sub-county, Busia county, Kenya","authors":"Jean Louis Kananura, Betsy C.Rono, Kamija S.Phiri","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18028.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18028.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Almost 10 million children under the age of five in Kenya, die due to fever-related diseases. In Busia, a county in Kenya, malaria accounts for 13% of all child fatalities under the age of five, a number higher than any other county. This study aimed to determine (a) proportion of appropriate health-seeking behavior and (b) determinants of health-seeking behaviors (HSBs) among their caregivers in Butula Sub-County, Busia County, as reported by the caregivers. Methods This cross-sectional mixed-method study included 271 caregivers, 11 community health volunteers, and health facility workers in Butula Sub-County. Systematic random sampling for participants and purposive sampling for key informants were used. A questionnaire collected the data that was analysed using frequency and percentages and logistic regression. Results 70.1% of caregivers reported seeking care for a child's fever within 24 hours. Individual factors that caregivers reported to influence appropriate health-seeking HSB were unemployment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.217 – 0.593, p = 0.018), self-medication preference (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.054 – 0.363, p < 0.001), had atleast two children (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.425 – 0.937, p = 0.042), and confidence in identifying fever (aOR = 7.0, 95% CI: 2.200 – 22.439, p = 0.001). Health-system factors reported to influence HSBs were facility too far (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.526 – 0.914, p = 0.027), getting health education (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.201-4.122, p=0.015), and facility level (aOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 2.015 – 9.750, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings found health system factors related to HSB as stockouts, facility distance, and staff workload. Conclusions Policy and practice efforts should focus on significant individual and health system determinants for HSBs among caregivers of children under five with febrile illness.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"30 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16567.2
Leonie A Dudda, Magdalena Kozula, Tony Ross-Hellauer, Eva Kormann, René Spijker, Nicholas DeVito, Gowri Gopalakrishna, Veerle Van den Eynden, Patrick Onghena, Florian Naudet, Rita Banzi, Maddalena Fratelli, Monika Varga, Yuri Andrei Gelsleichter, Inge Stegeman, Mariska M Leeflang
Background: Many interventions, especially those linked to open science, have been proposed to improve reproducibility in science. To what extent these propositions are based on scientific evidence from empirical evaluations is not clear.
Aims: The primary objective is to identify Open Science interventions that have been formally investigated regarding their influence on reproducibility and replicability. A secondary objective is to list any facilitators or barriers reported and to identify gaps in the evidence.
Methods: We will search broadly by using electronic bibliographic databases, broad internet search, and contacting experts in the field of reproducibility, replicability, and open science. Any study investigating interventions for their influence on the reproducibility and replicability of research will be selected, including those studies additionally investigating drivers and barriers to the implementation and effectiveness of interventions. Studies will first be selected by title and abstract (if available) and then by reading the full text by at least two independent reviewers. We will analyze existing scientific evidence using scoping review and evidence gap mapping methodologies.
Results: The results will be presented in interactive evidence maps, summarized in a narrative synthesis, and serve as input for subsequent research.
Review registration: This protocol has been pre-registered on OSF under doi https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D65YS.
{"title":"Scoping review and evidence mapping of interventions aimed at improving reproducible and replicable science: Protocol.","authors":"Leonie A Dudda, Magdalena Kozula, Tony Ross-Hellauer, Eva Kormann, René Spijker, Nicholas DeVito, Gowri Gopalakrishna, Veerle Van den Eynden, Patrick Onghena, Florian Naudet, Rita Banzi, Maddalena Fratelli, Monika Varga, Yuri Andrei Gelsleichter, Inge Stegeman, Mariska M Leeflang","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16567.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.16567.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many interventions, especially those linked to open science, have been proposed to improve reproducibility in science. To what extent these propositions are based on scientific evidence from empirical evaluations is not clear.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The primary objective is to identify Open Science interventions that have been formally investigated regarding their influence on reproducibility and replicability. A secondary objective is to list any facilitators or barriers reported and to identify gaps in the evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will search broadly by using electronic bibliographic databases, broad internet search, and contacting experts in the field of reproducibility, replicability, and open science. Any study investigating interventions for their influence on the reproducibility and replicability of research will be selected, including those studies additionally investigating drivers and barriers to the implementation and effectiveness of interventions. Studies will first be selected by title and abstract (if available) and then by reading the full text by at least two independent reviewers. We will analyze existing scientific evidence using scoping review and evidence gap mapping methodologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results will be presented in interactive evidence maps, summarized in a narrative synthesis, and serve as input for subsequent research.</p><p><strong>Review registration: </strong>This protocol has been pre-registered on OSF under doi https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D65YS.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17431.1
Bas Oldenbroek, I. Psarra, Tineke van der Schoor, Cyril Tjahja
This study focuses on top-down and bottom-up processes within the field of energy transition. It aims at gaining insights into the ways that a more balanced approach can be achieved, by taking into consideration the (mutual) interests, barriers and expectations of the municipality and local citizen initiatives. The theoretical framework of the study is the implementation analysis framework, distinguishing top-down and bottom-up approaches. Specifically, this qualitative (thematic analysis) research study investigates the mismatch in expectations between a number of local energy initiatives and the municipality of Groningen regarding their roles within the local energy transition context. To this end, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with members of the municipality of Groningen, Grunneger Power (a local energy intermediary), and four local energy initiatives. Need and expectation gaps have been identified and potential solutions have been explored. The main findings of the study illustrate the need of professional support for citizen initiatives, at both technical and organizational level, especially in the first phases of their development. Additionally, clear mutual communication on short and long-term planning and ambitions of the involved parties is of key importance for the alignment of the interests and the course of actions. Consequently, a clear context is needed, within which an exchange of feedback on the envisioned strategies, and the subsequent energy saving or generation interventions, can take place in an efficient and effective way. Additionally, such a context increases confidence and provides a clear understanding to the citizen initiatives regarding their role and the level and nature of support they can expect in their intended projects and activities. Based on these findings, policy implications have been drawn.
{"title":"Energy Transition in Northern Netherlands: seeking a balance between top-down and bottom-up initiatives","authors":"Bas Oldenbroek, I. Psarra, Tineke van der Schoor, Cyril Tjahja","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17431.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17431.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on top-down and bottom-up processes within the field of energy transition. It aims at gaining insights into the ways that a more balanced approach can be achieved, by taking into consideration the (mutual) interests, barriers and expectations of the municipality and local citizen initiatives. The theoretical framework of the study is the implementation analysis framework, distinguishing top-down and bottom-up approaches. Specifically, this qualitative (thematic analysis) research study investigates the mismatch in expectations between a number of local energy initiatives and the municipality of Groningen regarding their roles within the local energy transition context. To this end, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with members of the municipality of Groningen, Grunneger Power (a local energy intermediary), and four local energy initiatives. Need and expectation gaps have been identified and potential solutions have been explored. The main findings of the study illustrate the need of professional support for citizen initiatives, at both technical and organizational level, especially in the first phases of their development. Additionally, clear mutual communication on short and long-term planning and ambitions of the involved parties is of key importance for the alignment of the interests and the course of actions. Consequently, a clear context is needed, within which an exchange of feedback on the envisioned strategies, and the subsequent energy saving or generation interventions, can take place in an efficient and effective way. Additionally, such a context increases confidence and provides a clear understanding to the citizen initiatives regarding their role and the level and nature of support they can expect in their intended projects and activities. Based on these findings, policy implications have been drawn.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"102 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17749.1
Charlotte Eben, Zhang Chen, Raquel E. London, F. Verbruggen
Background Failures to obtain a desired reward, such as losing money in gambling, can lead to frustration. In gambling, this frustration has been shown to take the form of faster responses after losses compared with wins and non-gambling trials. In addition, reward omission or blockage can lead to more forceful responses. Yu and colleagues (2014) showed that the proximity to a reward and the effort already expended to acquire the reward increased participants’ response force and their retrospective self-reported frustration when the reward was blocked. Methods In this study, we attempted to replicate the findings of Yu and colleagues (2014) using the same experimental procedure. In each schedule, participants (N = 32) needed to complete an arrow direction task for varying numbers of times to win a reward but could be blocked at any stage. The response time (RT) and force of confirming the outcomes were used as indicators of ‘frustration’. In addition, to obtain a more real-time and objective measure of (negative) emotion, we measured facial electromyographic (EMG) activity over the corrugator supercilii (frowning muscle) and the zygomaticus (smiling muscle). Results Due to technical problems, our data on response force were invalid. In line with the original study, both goal proximity and exerted effort increased participants’ self-reported motivation in the task and frustration after being blocked. An exploratory analysis showed that participants were slower in confirming an outcome when they were blocked closer to the reward, while exerted effort did not influence confirm RT. These RT data were consistent with self-reported surprise ratings, suggesting an orienting response. In the facial EMG data, we observed no difference between wins and losses in activity over the corrugator or the zygomaticus. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that reward blockage does not necessarily lead to behavioral or psychophysiological expressions of negative emotions such as frustration.
{"title":"Escalating frustration - A replication attempt and extension of Yu et al. (2014)","authors":"Charlotte Eben, Zhang Chen, Raquel E. London, F. Verbruggen","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17749.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17749.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Failures to obtain a desired reward, such as losing money in gambling, can lead to frustration. In gambling, this frustration has been shown to take the form of faster responses after losses compared with wins and non-gambling trials. In addition, reward omission or blockage can lead to more forceful responses. Yu and colleagues (2014) showed that the proximity to a reward and the effort already expended to acquire the reward increased participants’ response force and their retrospective self-reported frustration when the reward was blocked. Methods In this study, we attempted to replicate the findings of Yu and colleagues (2014) using the same experimental procedure. In each schedule, participants (N = 32) needed to complete an arrow direction task for varying numbers of times to win a reward but could be blocked at any stage. The response time (RT) and force of confirming the outcomes were used as indicators of ‘frustration’. In addition, to obtain a more real-time and objective measure of (negative) emotion, we measured facial electromyographic (EMG) activity over the corrugator supercilii (frowning muscle) and the zygomaticus (smiling muscle). Results Due to technical problems, our data on response force were invalid. In line with the original study, both goal proximity and exerted effort increased participants’ self-reported motivation in the task and frustration after being blocked. An exploratory analysis showed that participants were slower in confirming an outcome when they were blocked closer to the reward, while exerted effort did not influence confirm RT. These RT data were consistent with self-reported surprise ratings, suggesting an orienting response. In the facial EMG data, we observed no difference between wins and losses in activity over the corrugator or the zygomaticus. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that reward blockage does not necessarily lead to behavioral or psychophysiological expressions of negative emotions such as frustration.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"119 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17767.1
Boru Waqo, George Makalliwa, Caroline Musita
Background Although vaccination is impactful public health intervention in curbing the spread of infectious disease, low uptake is a significant concern, especially among high-risk population groups. Nearly half of the population is unvaccinated in Nairobi with highest TB and COVID-19 burden, yet there is dearth of vaccination information on tuberculosis patients. The interplay of several factors influences uptake, and protecting this vulnerable group and the general population from severe disease, hospitalization, and deaths is worthy. The study sought to determine the prevalence and individual level enablers and barriers for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult Tuberculosis patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methods This cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted at Tuberculosi clinics across six sub-counties in Nairobi County. It included 388 participants sampled from each clinic’s Tuberculosis register. Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire, and qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean standard deviation for continuous variables) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). Qualitative data was analyzed through deductive coding and thematic analysis. Results The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was 46.1%, with 38.1% receiving complete vaccination. Mistrust in vaccine management (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 0.075, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.025-0.229, p <0.001) was a significant barrier to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived covid-19 susceptibility (aOR = 2.901, 95% CI: 1.258-6.688, p = 0.012) and perceived covid-19 seriousness (aOR = 3.294, 95% CI: 1.130-9.604, p = 0.029) were significant enablers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Qualitative themes related to individual-level barriers (were fear of side effects, stigma, myths, and mistrust) and enablers (desire to protect others and risk perception). Conclusions Low COVID-19 vaccine prevalence, mistrust as barrier and risk perception as enablers for COVID-19 uptake among TB patients in Nairobi, Kenya.
{"title":"Prevalence and individual level enablers and barriers for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult tuberculosis patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Boru Waqo, George Makalliwa, Caroline Musita","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17767.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17767.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although vaccination is impactful public health intervention in curbing the spread of infectious disease, low uptake is a significant concern, especially among high-risk population groups. Nearly half of the population is unvaccinated in Nairobi with highest TB and COVID-19 burden, yet there is dearth of vaccination information on tuberculosis patients. The interplay of several factors influences uptake, and protecting this vulnerable group and the general population from severe disease, hospitalization, and deaths is worthy. The study sought to determine the prevalence and individual level enablers and barriers for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult Tuberculosis patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methods This cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted at Tuberculosi clinics across six sub-counties in Nairobi County. It included 388 participants sampled from each clinic’s Tuberculosis register. Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire, and qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean standard deviation for continuous variables) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). Qualitative data was analyzed through deductive coding and thematic analysis. Results The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was 46.1%, with 38.1% receiving complete vaccination. Mistrust in vaccine management (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 0.075, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.025-0.229, p <0.001) was a significant barrier to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived covid-19 susceptibility (aOR = 2.901, 95% CI: 1.258-6.688, p = 0.012) and perceived covid-19 seriousness (aOR = 3.294, 95% CI: 1.130-9.604, p = 0.029) were significant enablers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Qualitative themes related to individual-level barriers (were fear of side effects, stigma, myths, and mistrust) and enablers (desire to protect others and risk perception). Conclusions Low COVID-19 vaccine prevalence, mistrust as barrier and risk perception as enablers for COVID-19 uptake among TB patients in Nairobi, Kenya.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"88 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17646.1
Haizea Domínguez, B. Iñarra, J. Labidi, C. Bald
Background Due to the huge amounts of their production in Europe, their environmental impact, and the difficulty in processing them, there is a clear necessity for the valorization of rainbow trout viscera. Considering that the production of fishmeal with viscera can be problematic, and in order to make viscera more profitable, the production of fish protein hydrolysates has been considered. Although silage and enzymatic hydrolysis are the most common methods for obtaining hydrolysates, autolysis has emerged as an alternative method that uses endogenous enzymes of the viscera. Methods Considering the stability and characteristics of the enzymes, a factorial design was carried out using three variables: pH, temperature, and water content. The design resulted in 15 experiments, and the results were analyzed using response surface methodology. The optimum parameters were validated by comparing the predicted outcomes with experimental results. Additionally, a kinetics study was conducted to shorten the autolysis time. Results from autolysis were compared with those from silage and enzymatic hydrolysis in a previous study. Results The optimal conditions for achieving the highest degree of hydrolysis and yield of free amino acids (FAAs) per 100 g of viscera and per total protein were determined to be a pH of 8, a temperature of 40 ºC, and a water content of 6.85%. The pH and content of the added water were found to be significant variables during autolysis (p < 0.05). The kinetic study showed that 7 h was still required to be effective. Conclusions Autolysis achieved a lower degree of hydrolysis than silage; however, as it solubilized more protein, the global yield of free amino acids per 100 g of viscera was slightly higher. It was concluded that endogenous alkaline proteases could be used in an autolytic process to obtain a free amino acid-rich hydrolysate from trout viscera.
{"title":"Optimization of the autolysis of rainbow trout viscera for amino acid release using response surface methodology","authors":"Haizea Domínguez, B. Iñarra, J. Labidi, C. Bald","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17646.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17646.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Due to the huge amounts of their production in Europe, their environmental impact, and the difficulty in processing them, there is a clear necessity for the valorization of rainbow trout viscera. Considering that the production of fishmeal with viscera can be problematic, and in order to make viscera more profitable, the production of fish protein hydrolysates has been considered. Although silage and enzymatic hydrolysis are the most common methods for obtaining hydrolysates, autolysis has emerged as an alternative method that uses endogenous enzymes of the viscera. Methods Considering the stability and characteristics of the enzymes, a factorial design was carried out using three variables: pH, temperature, and water content. The design resulted in 15 experiments, and the results were analyzed using response surface methodology. The optimum parameters were validated by comparing the predicted outcomes with experimental results. Additionally, a kinetics study was conducted to shorten the autolysis time. Results from autolysis were compared with those from silage and enzymatic hydrolysis in a previous study. Results The optimal conditions for achieving the highest degree of hydrolysis and yield of free amino acids (FAAs) per 100 g of viscera and per total protein were determined to be a pH of 8, a temperature of 40 ºC, and a water content of 6.85%. The pH and content of the added water were found to be significant variables during autolysis (p < 0.05). The kinetic study showed that 7 h was still required to be effective. Conclusions Autolysis achieved a lower degree of hydrolysis than silage; however, as it solubilized more protein, the global yield of free amino acids per 100 g of viscera was slightly higher. It was concluded that endogenous alkaline proteases could be used in an autolytic process to obtain a free amino acid-rich hydrolysate from trout viscera.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17418.1
G. Sipos, Giuseppe La Rocca, Fabrizio Antonio, D. Elia, P. Nassisi, Sandro Fiore, Raul Bardají, Ivan Rodero
This paper presents the approach adopted by the EGI-ACE project for the setup and delivery of Data Spaces for various scientific domains. The work was implemented by members of the EGI e-infrastructure and of several European Research Infrastructures in the context of the European Open Science Cloud programme. Our results are several Data Space services that enable the reuse and exploitation of open, scientific big data for compute intensive use cases. The paper illustrates the EGI-ACE approach through two examples: (1) EMSO ERIC Data Portal for seafloor and water column research and (2) ENES Data Space for climate research.
{"title":"Scientific Data Spaces - Experiences from the EGI-ACE project","authors":"G. Sipos, Giuseppe La Rocca, Fabrizio Antonio, D. Elia, P. Nassisi, Sandro Fiore, Raul Bardají, Ivan Rodero","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17418.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17418.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the approach adopted by the EGI-ACE project for the setup and delivery of Data Spaces for various scientific domains. The work was implemented by members of the EGI e-infrastructure and of several European Research Infrastructures in the context of the European Open Science Cloud programme. Our results are several Data Space services that enable the reuse and exploitation of open, scientific big data for compute intensive use cases. The paper illustrates the EGI-ACE approach through two examples: (1) EMSO ERIC Data Portal for seafloor and water column research and (2) ENES Data Space for climate research.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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