Open research Europe最新文献_第7页

Advancing research on Blastocystis through a One Health approach 通过 "一体健康 "方法推进对大疱菌的研究

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.18046.1

Anastasios D. Tsaousis, Eleni Gentekaki, C. R. Stensvold

Blastocystis is the most prevalent intestinal eukaryotic microorganism with significant impacts on both human and animal health. Despite extensive research, its pathogenicity remains controversial. The COST Action CA21105, "Blastocystis under One Health" (OneHealthBlastocystis), aims to bridge gaps in our understanding by fostering a multidisciplinary network. This initiative focuses on developing standardised diagnostic methodologies, establishing a comprehensive subtype and microbiome databank, and promoting capacity building through education and collaboration. The Action is structured into five working groups, each targeting specific aspects of Blastocystis research, including epidemiology, diagnostics, 'omics technologies, in vivo and in vitro investigations, and data dissemination. By integrating advances across medical, veterinary, public, and environmental health, this initiative seeks to harmonise diagnostics, improve public health policies, and foster innovative research, ultimately enhancing our understanding of Blastocystis and its role in health and disease. This collaborative effort is expected to lead to significant advancements and practical applications, benefiting the scientific community and public health.

Blastocystis 是最常见的肠道真核微生物，对人类和动物健康都有重大影响。尽管对其致病性进行了广泛研究，但仍存在争议。COST行动CA21105 "同一健康下的大肠囊虫"（OneHealthBlastocystis）旨在通过建立多学科网络来弥补我们认识上的差距。这项行动的重点是开发标准化诊断方法，建立一个全面的亚型和微生物组数据库，并通过教育和合作促进能力建设。该行动分为五个工作组，每个工作组都针对子囊虫研究的特定方面，包括流行病学、诊断学、'omics'技术、体内和体外调查以及数据传播。通过整合医学、兽医学、公共卫生和环境卫生方面的进展，该计划旨在协调诊断方法、改善公共卫生政策和促进创新研究，最终提高我们对大疱菌及其在健康和疾病中的作用的认识。这一合作努力有望带来重大进展和实际应用，造福科学界和公众健康。

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引用次数: 0

Promoting physical activity and healthy diets by modifying the social and/or physical environment at local level: a scoping review of evidence-based policy actions. 在地方一级通过改变社会和/或物质环境来促进体育锻炼和健康饮食：对循证政策行动的范围界定审查。

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17770.1

Elisa Chilet Rosell, Marta Puig García, Blanca Lumbreras, María Pastor Valero, Ildefonso Hernández Aguado, L. A. Parker

Background We aimed to map evidenced-based policy actions proposed by public health institutes or organizations to promote physical activity and healthy diets by modifying the social and/or physical environment at the local level. Methods We conducted a scoping review to identify relevant evidence-based policy actions proposed by public health institutions. We used a two-step strategy to identify government-supported public health institutes or organizations that generate evidence-based recommendations for policy actions. We included policy actions if they 1) aimed at increasing physical activity or improving diet; 2) focused on modifying the physical or social environments; 3) were implemented at the local or community level; 4) were expressed as a concrete action rather than a general aim; and 5) were described explicitly as being based on evidence. Results Starting from 121 public health institutes, we identified 8 relevant organizations and reviewed 63 guidelines or reports that included actions to promote healthy diets and physical activity. Of the 540 proposed actions on diet and 358 on physical activity, 118 met the inclusion criteria. Given that many of the actions were recommended by multiple institutes, we synthesized the information in the infographics to provide recommendations on diet and physical activity in outdoor and indoor settings and schools. Conclusions Public health institutes have generated a wide range of evidence-based recommendations for the promotion of healthy diets and physical activity by modifying the physical and social environment that can be implemented in local settings. Future actions should address barriers to implementing these recommendations and analyze the determinants of local policy decisions.

背景我们旨在绘制公共卫生机构或组织提出的循证政策行动图，以通过在地方层面改变社会和/或物理环境来促进体育锻炼和健康饮食。方法我们进行了一次范围审查，以确定公共卫生机构提出的相关循证政策行动。我们采用了两步策略来确定政府支持的、为政策行动提出循证建议的公共卫生机构或组织。如果政策行动 1) 以增加体育锻炼或改善饮食为目标；2) 以改变物质或社会环境为重点；3) 在地方或社区层面实施；4) 被表述为具体行动而非一般目标；5) 被明确描述为基于证据，我们就将其纳入其中。结果从 121 个公共卫生机构开始，我们确定了 8 个相关组织，并审查了 63 份包含促进健康饮食和体育锻炼行动的指南或报告。在 540 项有关饮食和 358 项有关体育锻炼的建议行动中，有 118 项符合纳入标准。鉴于许多行动是由多个机构推荐的，我们对信息图表中的信息进行了综合，为户外、室内和学校的饮食和体育活动提供了建议。结论公共卫生机构已经提出了一系列以证据为基础的建议，通过改变物理和社会环境来促进健康饮食和体育锻炼，这些建议可以在当地环境中实施。未来的行动应解决实施这些建议的障碍，并分析地方决策的决定因素。

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引用次数: 0

On the Billefjorden fault zone in Garmdalen, central Spitsbergen: implications for the mapping of major fault zones during geological fieldwork and for the tectonic history of Svalbard 斯匹次卑尔根中部加姆达伦的比勒菲尤登断层带：对在地质野外工作中绘制主要断层带和斯瓦尔巴特构造史的影响

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17826.1

Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Eirik M. B. Stokmo, Jhon M. Muñoz‐Barrera

Background The present contribution reexamines the geometry of a segment of a presumably long-lived fault in Svalbard, the Balliolbreen Fault segment of the Billefjorden Fault Zone, along which presumably two basement terranes of Svalbard accreted in the early–mid Paleozoic after thousands of kilometers strike-slip displacement. Methods We performed structural fieldwork to Billefjorden in central Spitsbergen and interpreted satellite images. Results Field observations demonstrate that the Balliolbreen Fault formed as a top-west thrust fault in the early Cenozoic and that weak sedimentary units such as shales of the Lower Devonian Wood Bay Formation and coals of the uppermost Devonian–Mississippian Billefjorden Group partitioned deformation, resulting in significant contrast in deformation intensity between stratigraphic units. For example, tight early Cenozoic folds are localized in shales of the Wood Bay Formation and contemporaneous top-west brittle–ductile thrusts within coals of the Billefjorden Group, whereas Pennsylvanian deposits of the Hultberget (and/or Ebbadalen?) Formation are simply folded into gentle open folds. Rheological contrasts also resulted in the development of décollements locally, e.g., between tightly folded strata of the Wood Bay Formation and Billefjorden Group and flat-lying, brecciated limestone-dominated strata of the Wordiekammen Formation. Despite the limited quality and continuity of outcrops in the area, the eastward-thickening character (i.e., away from the fault) of Pennsylvanian deposits of the Hultberget, Ebbadalen, and Minkinfjellet formations suggests that the fault did not act as a normal fault in Pennsylvanian times. Conclusions The study suggests that strain partitioning of early Cenozoic Eurekan contraction alone may explain the deformation patterns in Paleozoic rock units in central Spitsbergen, i.e., that Late Devonian Svalbardian contraction is not required, and that a major segment of the Billefjorden Fault Zone formed in the early Cenozoic. The present work illustrates the crucial need for interdisciplinary approaches and composite educational backgrounds in science.

背景本报告重新研究了斯瓦尔巴群岛一条可能存在已久的断层--比勒菲尤登断层带的巴利奥尔布林断层段的几何形状，据推测，斯瓦尔巴群岛的两块基底地层是在古生代早中期经过数千公里的走向滑动位移后沿该断层段增生的。方法我们对斯匹次卑尔根中部的比勒峡湾进行了构造实地考察，并对卫星图像进行了解读。结果实地观测结果表明，巴利奥尔布林断层在新生代早期形成了一个顶部向西的推力断层，泥盆纪下统伍德湾地层的页岩和泥盆纪-密西西比纪最上层比勒费尔登组的煤炭等薄弱沉积单元对变形进行了分区，导致地层单元之间的变形强度反差很大。例如，伍德湾地层的页岩中存在新生代早期的紧密褶皱，比勒费尔登组煤炭中存在同时代的顶部-西部脆性-韧性推力，而 Hultberget（和/或 Ebbadalen？）地层的宾夕法尼亚沉积则只是简单地褶皱成平缓的开放褶皱。流变对比也导致了局部地区的褶皱发育，例如，在伍德湾地层和比勒费尔登组的紧密褶皱地层与沃迪卡门地层的平卧、以角砾岩为主的石灰岩地层之间。尽管该地区出露地层的质量和连续性有限，但 Hultberget、Ebbadalen 和 Minkinfjellet 地层的宾夕法尼亚沉积物向东增厚（即远离断层）的特征表明，该断层在宾夕法尼亚时期并非正常断层。结论该研究表明，仅新生代早期尤里坎收缩的应变分区就可以解释斯匹次卑尔根中部古生代岩石单元的变形模式，即不需要晚泥盆世的斯瓦尔巴德收缩，比勒菲尤登断层带的主要部分形成于新生代早期。本研究成果表明，在科学领域，跨学科方法和复合教育背景至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Developing neutral linguistic resources for the implementation of an automatic transformational analyzer 开发中性语言资源以实施自动转换分析器

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17990.1

Max Silberztein, Cristina Mota, Anabela Barreiro

Bakground The linguistic pursuit of describing natural languages stands as a commendable scientific endeavor, regardless of immediate software application prospects. It transcends mere documentation of possible sentences to establish connections between sentences derived from transformations. Methods Amid the dominance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in research and technology, which offer intriguing advancements in text generation, the approaches presented in this article confront challenges like opacity, limited human intervention, and adaptation difficulties inherent in LLMs. The alternative or complementary approaches highlighted here focus on the theoretical and methodological challenges of describing linguistic transformations and are firmly rooted in the field of linguistics, the science of language. We propose two solutions to address the problem of language transformations: (i) the procedural approach, which involves representing each transformation with a transducer, and (ii) the declarative method, which entails capturing all potential transformations in a single neutral grammar. Results These approaches simplify the generation of complex sentences from elementary ones and vice versa. Conclusion This work has benefited from research exchanges within the Multi3Generation COST Action (CA18231), and the resources produced can contribute to enhancing any language generation system.

背景描述自然语言的语言学追求是一项值得称道的科学努力，而不考虑直接的软件应用前景。它超越了仅仅记录可能的句子的范畴，而是要建立由转换而来的句子之间的联系。方法大语言模型（LLM）在研究和技术领域占据主导地位，为文本生成提供了引人入胜的进步，但本文介绍的方法却面临着 LLM 固有的不透明性、有限的人工干预和适应困难等挑战。本文强调的替代或补充方法侧重于描述语言转换的理论和方法挑战，并牢牢扎根于语言学这一语言科学领域。我们提出了两种解决方案来解决语言转换问题：(i) 程序性方法，即用转换器来表示每种转换；(ii) 声明性方法，即在一个中性语法中捕捉所有潜在的转换。结果这些方法简化了从基本句子生成复杂句子的过程，反之亦然。结论这项工作得益于多重生成 COST 行动（CA18231）中的研究交流，所产生的资源有助于增强任何语言生成系统。

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引用次数: 0

Decision Support Systems adoption in pesticide management 在农药管理中采用决策支持系统

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17577.1

Jotham Jea Akaka, Aurora García-Gallego, Nikolaos Georgantzis, Jean-Christian Tisserand, Efi Vasileiou, Mark Ramsden

This paper presents the findings from a survey on factors influencing the adoption of agricultural Decision Support Systems (DSS). Our study focuses on examining the influence of behavioural, socioeconomic and farm specific characteristics on DSS adoption. Using two structural equation models, we investigate how these factors influence the willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to adopt. Our analysis reveals nuanced insights into the user and farm-specific factors that influence the decision-making process of DSS adoption and WTP. Notably, farm size significantly influences both adoption and WTP, with larger farms more likely to adopt and exhibit higher WTP. To promote adoption, it is important to adapt promotion strategies, with a focus on productivity benefits for large-scale farms and addressing price barriers for smaller ones. Additionally, the main crop type grown impacts WTP and adoption, with arable crop farmers exhibit a lower WTP but more likely to adopt, especially in large-scale operations. Conversely, small-scale arable farmers exhibit higher WTP but lower adoption rates due to scale constraints. Farmer characteristics such as experience and attitudes also play a crucial role, with experienced users and those perceiving productivity improvements due to DSS showing higher WTP. In addition, adoption is also influenced by ease of use and pricing, underpinning the importance of user-friendly designs and clear cost justifications. DSSs with user-centric designs and clear cost justifications can enhance adoption rates.

本文介绍了对采用农业决策支持系统（DSS）的影响因素的调查结果。我们的研究重点是探讨行为、社会经济和农场具体特征对采用决策支持系统的影响。利用两个结构方程模型，我们研究了这些因素如何影响支付意愿（WTP）和采用意愿。我们的分析揭示了用户和农场特定因素对采用数据采集系统的决策过程和支付意愿的细微影响。值得注意的是，农场规模对采用和 WTP 都有重大影响，规模较大的农场更有可能采用，并表现出更高的 WTP。为促进采用，必须调整推广战略，重点关注大型农场的生产率效益，并解决小型农场的价格障碍。此外，种植的主要作物类型也会影响WTP和采用率，种植耕地作物的农民的WTP较低，但更有可能采用，特别是在大规模经营中。相反，小规模耕地农民的 WTP 较高，但由于规模限制，采用率较低。农民的经验和态度等特征也起着至关重要的作用，经验丰富的用户和那些认为生产率因使用数据采集系统而得到提高的用户表现出更高的 WTP。此外，采用率还受到易用性和定价的影响，这说明用户友好型设计和明确的成本理由非常重要。具有以用户为中心的设计和明确的成本理由的数据支持系统可以提高采用率。

{"title":"Decision Support Systems adoption in pesticide management","authors":"Jotham Jea Akaka, Aurora García-Gallego, Nikolaos Georgantzis, Jean-Christian Tisserand, Efi Vasileiou, Mark Ramsden","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17577.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17577.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the findings from a survey on factors influencing the adoption of agricultural Decision Support Systems (DSS). Our study focuses on examining the influence of behavioural, socioeconomic and farm specific characteristics on DSS adoption. Using two structural equation models, we investigate how these factors influence the willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to adopt. Our analysis reveals nuanced insights into the user and farm-specific factors that influence the decision-making process of DSS adoption and WTP. Notably, farm size significantly influences both adoption and WTP, with larger farms more likely to adopt and exhibit higher WTP. To promote adoption, it is important to adapt promotion strategies, with a focus on productivity benefits for large-scale farms and addressing price barriers for smaller ones. Additionally, the main crop type grown impacts WTP and adoption, with arable crop farmers exhibit a lower WTP but more likely to adopt, especially in large-scale operations. Conversely, small-scale arable farmers exhibit higher WTP but lower adoption rates due to scale constraints. Farmer characteristics such as experience and attitudes also play a crucial role, with experienced users and those perceiving productivity improvements due to DSS showing higher WTP. In addition, adoption is also influenced by ease of use and pricing, underpinning the importance of user-friendly designs and clear cost justifications. DSSs with user-centric designs and clear cost justifications can enhance adoption rates.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"29 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The proportion and determinants of appropriate health seeking behavior for febrile illness among caregivers of children under-five years in Butula sub-county, Busia county, Kenya 肯尼亚布西亚县布图拉分县五岁以下儿童照顾者发热疾病适当就医行为的比例和决定因素

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.18028.1

Jean Louis Kananura, Betsy C.Rono, Kamija S.Phiri

Background Almost 10 million children under the age of five in Kenya, die due to fever-related diseases. In Busia, a county in Kenya, malaria accounts for 13% of all child fatalities under the age of five, a number higher than any other county. This study aimed to determine (a) proportion of appropriate health-seeking behavior and (b) determinants of health-seeking behaviors (HSBs) among their caregivers in Butula Sub-County, Busia County, as reported by the caregivers. Methods This cross-sectional mixed-method study included 271 caregivers, 11 community health volunteers, and health facility workers in Butula Sub-County. Systematic random sampling for participants and purposive sampling for key informants were used. A questionnaire collected the data that was analysed using frequency and percentages and logistic regression. Results 70.1% of caregivers reported seeking care for a child's fever within 24 hours. Individual factors that caregivers reported to influence appropriate health-seeking HSB were unemployment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.217 – 0.593, p = 0.018), self-medication preference (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.054 – 0.363, p < 0.001), had atleast two children (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.425 – 0.937, p = 0.042), and confidence in identifying fever (aOR = 7.0, 95% CI: 2.200 – 22.439, p = 0.001). Health-system factors reported to influence HSBs were facility too far (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.526 – 0.914, p = 0.027), getting health education (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.201-4.122, p=0.015), and facility level (aOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 2.015 – 9.750, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings found health system factors related to HSB as stockouts, facility distance, and staff workload. Conclusions Policy and practice efforts should focus on significant individual and health system determinants for HSBs among caregivers of children under five with febrile illness.

背景肯尼亚有近 1,000 万五岁以下儿童死于与发烧有关的疾病。在肯尼亚的布西亚（Busia）县，疟疾占所有五岁以下儿童死亡人数的 13%，这一数字高于其他任何县。本研究旨在根据布西亚县布图拉分县儿童看护者的报告，确定（a）适当寻求健康行为的比例和（b）儿童看护者寻求健康行为（HSB）的决定因素。方法这项横断面混合方法研究包括布图拉分县的 271 名护理人员、11 名社区卫生志愿者和卫生机构工作人员。对参与者采用了系统随机抽样，对关键信息提供者采用了目的性抽样。调查问卷收集了数据，并使用频率、百分比和逻辑回归对数据进行了分析。结果 70.1%的看护人表示在儿童发烧 24 小时内寻求治疗。据护理人员报告，影响适当寻求保健服务的个人因素包括失业（调整后的几率比（aOR）= 0.49，95% CI：0.217 - 0.593，p = 0.018）、自我用药偏好（aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.054 - 0.363, p < 0.001）、至少有两个孩子（aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.425 - 0.937, p = 0.042）和识别发烧的信心（aOR = 7.0, 95% CI: 2.200 - 22.439, p = 0.001）。据报告，影响 HSBs 的卫生系统因素包括设施距离太远（aOR = 0.86，95% CI：0.526 - 0.914，p = 0.027）、获得健康教育（aOR = 1.8，95% CI：1.201 - 4.122，p=0.015）和设施水平（aOR = 4.4，95% CI：2.015 - 9.750，p <0.001）。定性研究结果发现，与 HSB 相关的卫生系统因素包括缺货、设施距离和员工工作量。结论政策和实践工作应重点关注五岁以下发热儿童看护者个人和医疗系统中造成 HSB 的重要决定因素。

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引用次数: 0

Scoping review and evidence mapping of interventions aimed at improving reproducible and replicable science: Protocol. 对旨在提高科学的可复制性和可推广性的干预措施进行范围审查和证据摸底：协议。

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16567.2

Leonie A Dudda, Magdalena Kozula, Tony Ross-Hellauer, Eva Kormann, René Spijker, Nicholas DeVito, Gowri Gopalakrishna, Veerle Van den Eynden, Patrick Onghena, Florian Naudet, Rita Banzi, Maddalena Fratelli, Monika Varga, Yuri Andrei Gelsleichter, Inge Stegeman, Mariska M Leeflang

Background: Many interventions, especially those linked to open science, have been proposed to improve reproducibility in science. To what extent these propositions are based on scientific evidence from empirical evaluations is not clear.

Aims: The primary objective is to identify Open Science interventions that have been formally investigated regarding their influence on reproducibility and replicability. A secondary objective is to list any facilitators or barriers reported and to identify gaps in the evidence.

Methods: We will search broadly by using electronic bibliographic databases, broad internet search, and contacting experts in the field of reproducibility, replicability, and open science. Any study investigating interventions for their influence on the reproducibility and replicability of research will be selected, including those studies additionally investigating drivers and barriers to the implementation and effectiveness of interventions. Studies will first be selected by title and abstract (if available) and then by reading the full text by at least two independent reviewers. We will analyze existing scientific evidence using scoping review and evidence gap mapping methodologies.

Results: The results will be presented in interactive evidence maps, summarized in a narrative synthesis, and serve as input for subsequent research.

Review registration: This protocol has been pre-registered on OSF under doi https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D65YS.

背景：许多干预措施，尤其是与开放科学相关的干预措施，都被提议用于提高科学的可重复性。目的：主要目的是确定那些已经就其对可再现性和可复制性的影响进行过正式调查的开放科学干预措施。次要目标是列出所报告的任何促进因素或障碍，并找出证据方面的差距：我们将通过电子文献数据库、广泛的互联网搜索以及联系可重现性、可复制性和开放科学领域的专家进行广泛搜索。任何调查干预措施对研究的再现性和可复制性的影响的研究都将被选中，包括那些额外调查干预措施的实施和有效性的驱动因素和障碍的研究。我们将首先根据标题和摘要（如果有）对研究进行筛选，然后由至少两名独立审稿人阅读全文。我们将使用范围审查和证据差距图法分析现有的科学证据：结果：结果将以交互式证据地图的形式呈现，以叙述性综述的形式进行总结，并作为后续研究的输入：本协议已在 OSF 上预先注册，doi https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D65YS。

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引用次数: 0

Initial development and validation of item banks to measure problematic hypersexuality. 初步开发和验证用于测量问题性欲亢进的项目库。

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16131.2

Piet van Tuijl, Peter Verboon, Jacques van Lankveld

Background: Problematic Hypersexuality (PH) is defined as a distress caused by hypersexuality, to the extent that seeking treatment is considered. PH was previously measured with instruments stemming from different perspectives on problems related to hypersexuality. These instruments might best be analyzed in unison to discover the most optimal set of characteristics to measure PH.

Methods: A total of 58 items were investigated with Item Response Theory (IRT). We included 1211 participants (592 women, 618 men, 1 other) from a representative Dutch general population sample of 18 years or older. In addition, 371 participants (116 women, 253 men, 2 other) in a web-based survey who sought information on their current level of PH were included. This latter group was divided into those that did or did not consider treatment and group differences in item averages were assessed.

Results: After item selection, 26 out of 58 items were retained and divided in two scales: Emotion Dysregulation-PH - 9 items representing the distressing emotional patterns coinciding with hypersexual preoccupation - and Negative Effects-PH - 17 items representing the negative consequences of patterns of hypersexual thoughts and behavior. Assumptions for IRT analyses were met (unidimensionality, local independence and monotonicity). After an IRT graded response model was fit, the scales showed sufficient reliability for the target population of hypersexual individuals. In the general population the scales showed large floor effects and were less reliable.

Conclusions: With this study a first step is taken in validating two complementary item banks to measure PH. Further development of the item banks should include the investigation of responsiveness. New items should be constructed to assess less-explored areas of PH and improve differentiating power of the scales. This study showed that diagnostic accuracy for PH is currently difficult to attain with a survey, even when using an extended item set representing the most unique characteristics of PH.

背景：有问题的性欲亢进（PH）被定义为由性欲亢进引起的困扰，以至于考虑寻求治疗。以前曾有一些测量 PH 的工具，这些工具从不同的角度来衡量与性欲亢进相关的问题。最好对这些工具进行统一分析，以发现测量 PH 的最佳特征集：方法：我们采用项目反应理论（IRT）对总共 58 个项目进行了研究。我们从具有代表性的 18 岁或以上荷兰普通人群样本中抽取了 1211 名参与者（592 名女性、618 名男性、1 名其他人群）。此外，我们还纳入了 371 名参与网络调查的人员（116 名女性、253 名男性、2 名其他人员），他们都曾在调查中询问过自己目前的 PH 水平。后一组被分为考虑治疗和不考虑治疗两组，并评估了各组在项目平均值上的差异：经过项目选择，58 个项目中有 26 个被保留下来，并分为两个量表：情绪失调量表（Emotion Dysregulation-PH）--9 个项目代表与性欲亢进同时出现的令人痛苦的情绪模式；消极影响量表（Negative Effects-PH）--17 个项目代表性欲亢进的想法和行为模式所带来的消极后果。IRT 分析的假设条件均已满足（单维性、局部独立性和单调性）。在对 IRT 分级反应模型进行拟合后，量表对性欲亢进者目标人群显示出足够的可靠性。在普通人群中，量表显示出较大的底限效应，可靠性较低：通过这项研究，我们迈出了第一步，验证了测量 PH 的两个互补项目库。项目库的进一步发展应包括对反应性的调查。应构建新的项目来评估 PH 中尚未被充分探索的领域，并提高量表的区分能力。本研究表明，即使使用代表 PH 最独特特征的扩展项目集，目前也很难通过调查达到 PH 的诊断准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Energy Transition in Northern Netherlands: seeking a balance between top-down and bottom-up initiatives 荷兰北部的能源转型：在自上而下和自下而上的倡议之间寻求平衡

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17431.1

Bas Oldenbroek, I. Psarra, Tineke van der Schoor, Cyril Tjahja

This study focuses on top-down and bottom-up processes within the field of energy transition. It aims at gaining insights into the ways that a more balanced approach can be achieved, by taking into consideration the (mutual) interests, barriers and expectations of the municipality and local citizen initiatives. The theoretical framework of the study is the implementation analysis framework, distinguishing top-down and bottom-up approaches. Specifically, this qualitative (thematic analysis) research study investigates the mismatch in expectations between a number of local energy initiatives and the municipality of Groningen regarding their roles within the local energy transition context. To this end, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with members of the municipality of Groningen, Grunneger Power (a local energy intermediary), and four local energy initiatives. Need and expectation gaps have been identified and potential solutions have been explored. The main findings of the study illustrate the need of professional support for citizen initiatives, at both technical and organizational level, especially in the first phases of their development. Additionally, clear mutual communication on short and long-term planning and ambitions of the involved parties is of key importance for the alignment of the interests and the course of actions. Consequently, a clear context is needed, within which an exchange of feedback on the envisioned strategies, and the subsequent energy saving or generation interventions, can take place in an efficient and effective way. Additionally, such a context increases confidence and provides a clear understanding to the citizen initiatives regarding their role and the level and nature of support they can expect in their intended projects and activities. Based on these findings, policy implications have been drawn.

本研究侧重于能源转型领域自上而下和自下而上的过程。其目的是通过考虑市政当局和当地公民倡议的（共同）利益、障碍和期望，深入了解实现更平衡方法的途径。研究的理论框架是实施分析框架，区分自上而下和自下而上的方法。具体来说，这项定性（专题分析）研究调查了一些地方能源倡议与格罗宁根市政府之间对其在地方能源转型背景下的作用的期望不匹配问题。为此，研究人员对格罗宁根市政府、Grunneger Power（一家地方能源中介机构）和四家地方能源倡议组织的成员进行了半结构化访谈。确定了需求和期望差距，并探讨了潜在的解决方案。研究的主要发现表明，公民倡议需要技术和组织层面的专业支持，尤其是在其发展的最初阶段。此外，就短期和长期规划以及参与各方的抱负进行明确的相互沟通，对于协调利益和行动方针至关重要。因此，需要有一个明确的背景，在这个背景下，可以高效和有效地就所设想的战略以及随后的节能或发电干预措施交换反馈意见。此外，这样的背景还能增强公民倡议的信心，并使他们清楚地了解自己的作用以及在预期项目和活动中可获得的支持水平和性质。根据这些研究结果，得出了政策影响。

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引用次数: 0

Escalating frustration - A replication attempt and extension of Yu et al. (2014) 不断升级的挫折感--Yu 等人（2014 年）的复制尝试和延伸

Open research Europe

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17749.1

Charlotte Eben, Zhang Chen, Raquel E. London, F. Verbruggen

Background Failures to obtain a desired reward, such as losing money in gambling, can lead to frustration. In gambling, this frustration has been shown to take the form of faster responses after losses compared with wins and non-gambling trials. In addition, reward omission or blockage can lead to more forceful responses. Yu and colleagues (2014) showed that the proximity to a reward and the effort already expended to acquire the reward increased participants’ response force and their retrospective self-reported frustration when the reward was blocked. Methods In this study, we attempted to replicate the findings of Yu and colleagues (2014) using the same experimental procedure. In each schedule, participants (N = 32) needed to complete an arrow direction task for varying numbers of times to win a reward but could be blocked at any stage. The response time (RT) and force of confirming the outcomes were used as indicators of ‘frustration’. In addition, to obtain a more real-time and objective measure of (negative) emotion, we measured facial electromyographic (EMG) activity over the corrugator supercilii (frowning muscle) and the zygomaticus (smiling muscle). Results Due to technical problems, our data on response force were invalid. In line with the original study, both goal proximity and exerted effort increased participants’ self-reported motivation in the task and frustration after being blocked. An exploratory analysis showed that participants were slower in confirming an outcome when they were blocked closer to the reward, while exerted effort did not influence confirm RT. These RT data were consistent with self-reported surprise ratings, suggesting an orienting response. In the facial EMG data, we observed no difference between wins and losses in activity over the corrugator or the zygomaticus. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that reward blockage does not necessarily lead to behavioral or psychophysiological expressions of negative emotions such as frustration.

背景未能获得理想的回报（如赌博输钱）会导致挫败感。在赌博中，与赢钱和不赌博的试验相比，这种挫败感表现为输钱后反应更快。此外，奖励遗漏或阻止也会导致更强烈的反应。Yu 及其同事（2014 年）的研究表明，当奖励受阻时，距离奖励的远近以及为获得奖励所付出的努力都会增加参与者的反应力度以及他们回溯自我报告的挫败感。方法在本研究中，我们尝试使用相同的实验程序复制 Yu 及其同事（2014 年）的研究结果。在每个时间表中，参与者（32 人）需要完成不同次数的箭头方向任务以赢得奖励，但在任何阶段都有可能受阻。反应时间（RT）和确认结果的力度被用作 "挫败感 "的指标。此外，为了更实时、客观地测量（负面）情绪，我们还测量了皱眉肌和微笑肌的面部肌电图活动。结果由于技术问题，我们的反应力数据无效。与最初的研究结果一致，目标接近度和付出的努力都增加了参与者自我报告的任务动机和受阻后的挫败感。一项探索性分析表明，当受试者被阻挡在离奖励更近的地方时，他们确认结果的速度更慢，而所付出的努力并不影响确认 RT。这些 RT 数据与自我报告的惊讶评级一致，表明存在定向反应。在面部肌电图数据中，我们观察到在获胜和失败之间，纹状体或颧骨的活动没有差异。结论综上所述，这些数据表明，奖赏阻断并不一定会导致行为或心理生理表现出挫败等负面情绪。

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