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Research and Design of a Hybrid DV-Hop Algorithm Based on the Chaotic Crested Porcupine Optimizer for Wireless Sensor Localization in Smart Farms 基于混沌冠豪猪优化器的智能农场无线传感器定位混合 DV-Hop 算法的研究与设计
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081226
Hao Wang, Lixin Zhang, Bao Liu
The efficient operation of smart farms relies on the precise monitoring of farm environmental information, necessitating the deployment of a large number of wireless sensors. These sensors must be integrated with their specific locations within the fields to ensure data accuracy. Therefore, efficiently and rapidly determining the positions of sensor nodes presents a significant challenge. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid optimization DV-Hop localization algorithm based on the chaotic crested porcupine optimizer. The algorithm leverages the received signal strength indicator, combined with node hierarchical values, to achieve graded processing of the minimum number of hops. Polynomial fitting methods are employed to reduce the estimation distance error from the beacon nodes to unknown nodes. Finally, the chaotic optimization crested porcupine optimizer is designed for intelligent optimization. Simulation experiments verify the proposed algorithm’s localization performance across different monitoring areas, varying beacon node ratios, and assorted communication radii. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively enhances node localization accuracy and significantly reduces localization errors compared to the results for other algorithms. In future work, we plan to consider the impact of algorithm complexity on the lifespan of wireless sensor networks and to further evaluate the algorithm in a pH monitoring system for farmland.
智能农场的高效运行有赖于对农场环境信息的精确监控,这就需要部署大量无线传感器。这些传感器必须与它们在田间的具体位置相结合,以确保数据的准确性。因此,高效、快速地确定传感器节点的位置是一项重大挑战。为解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于混沌峰豪猪优化器的混合优化 DV-Hop 定位算法。该算法利用接收信号强度指标,结合节点分层值,实现对最小跳数的分级处理。采用多项式拟合方法减少信标节点到未知节点的估计距离误差。最后,设计了用于智能优化的混沌优化凤头豪猪优化器。仿真实验验证了所提算法在不同监测区域、不同信标节点比例和各种通信半径下的定位性能。仿真结果表明,与其他算法的结果相比,所提出的算法有效提高了节点定位精度,并显著降低了定位误差。在今后的工作中,我们计划考虑算法复杂性对无线传感器网络寿命的影响,并在农田 pH 值监测系统中进一步评估该算法。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of the Income Effect of Continuous Adoption of Rice–Crayfish Co-Culture Technology: Based on the Moderating Effect of Non-Farm Employment 持续采用稻虾共作技术的收入效应研究:基于非农就业的调节效应
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081224
Zhuoya Tian, Xicong Wang, Zekui Lei, Zhenhong Qi, Zhe Liu
The income effect of rice–crayfish co-culture technology (RCT) is directly related to rate of adoption of farmers and the process of China’s green development of agriculture. The aim of this study is to explore the income effect and income growth mechanism of rice–crayfish co-culture technology from the perspective of continuous adoption. With the treatment effect model (TEM), this paper empirically analyzes the income effect and income-generating mechanisms of RCT using field survey data from 736 farmers in the Jianghan Plain. As a result of this study, it was discovered that RCT will increase farmers’ net agricultural income by RMB 83,430 if they continue to adopt it. Further examinations indicate that the optimal adoption period for RCT is four and a half years. Additionally, it has also been shown that non-farm employment positively moderates the relationship between continuous adoption of RCT and net agricultural income. Farmers who participate in non-farm employment and continue to adopt the RCT will experience an increase in net agricultural income by RMB 104,510. Therefore, our results suggest that it is necessary to encourage farmers to continuously adopt RCT and actively participate in non-farm employment to enhance the income effect of RCT.
稻虾共作技术(RCT)的收入效应直接关系到农民的采用率和中国农业绿色发展的进程。本研究旨在从连续采用的角度探讨稻虾共作技术的收入效应和收入增长机制。本文采用处理效应模型(TEM),利用江汉平原 736 户农民的实地调查数据,实证分析了稻田小龙虾共作技术的收入效应和增收机制。研究结果表明,如果继续采用 RCT,农民的农业纯收入将增加 83430 元。进一步研究表明,RCT 的最佳采用期为四年半。此外,研究还表明,非农就业对持续采用 RCT 与农业纯收入之间的关系具有正向调节作用。参加非农就业并继续采用 RCT 的农民,其农业纯收入将增加 104 510 元。因此,我们的研究结果表明,有必要鼓励农民持续采用 RCT 并积极参与非农就业,以增强 RCT 的收入效应。
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引用次数: 0
Regeneration of Sesuvium portulacastrum through Indirect Shoot Organogenesis and Influence of an Endophytic Fungus on Rooting of Microshoots 通过间接芽器官发生法再生 Sesuvium portulacastrum 以及内生真菌对小芽生根的影响
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081221
Xiuli Jiang, Dan Wang, Jianjun Chen, Weihong He, Boya Zhou, Ziling Li, Ling-Yan Chen, Donghui Peng, Qiang Chen, Xiangying Wei
Sesuvium portulacastrum L. is a dicotyledonous halophyte belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Its young leaves are highly nutritious, and many ecotypes are used as leafy vegetable and medicinal crops. Additionally, due to their tolerance to soil salinity, flooding, and high temperatures, some ecotypes are used for the remediation of saline soils. As a result, there is an increasing need for a large number of disease-free S. portulacastrum propagules. This study developed an efficient protocol for the regeneration of S. portulacastrum through indirect shoot organogenesis. Leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of zeatin (ZT) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Callus was induced in all explants cultured with 1.5 mg/L ZT only or 1.5 mg/L ZT with 0.5 mg/L IAA. The callus was cut into small pieces and cultured on the same medium on which it was initially induced. ZT at 1.5 mg/L induced 73.7% of callus pieces to produce adventitious shoots, and the shoot numbers per callus piece were up to 20. To improve the in vitro rooting of adventitious shoots, commonly known as microshoots or microcuttings, an endophytic fungus, Cladosporium ‘BF-F’, was inoculated onto the rooting medium. ‘BF-F’ substantially enhanced rooting and plantlet growth, as the root numbers were three times more and plantlet heights were 70% greater than those without ‘BF-F’ inoculation. To detect the genes involved in the enhanced rooting and plantlet growth, qRT-PCR analysis was performed. Results showed that genes related to auxin responses and nitrogen uptake and metabolism were highly upregulated in ‘BF-F’-inoculated plantlets. Plants inoculated with ‘BF-F’ grew vigorously after being transplanted into a sand–soil substrate. Thus, this study not only established an efficient protocol for the regeneration of S. portulacastrum but also developed a novel method for improving the rooting of microshoots and plantlet growth. The established propagation system could be used for producing a large number of S. portulacastrum plantlets for commercial use and also for genetic transformation.
Sesuvium portulacastrum L.是一种双子叶卤叶植物,属于豆科(Aizoaceae)。它的嫩叶营养丰富,许多生态型被用作叶菜和药用作物。此外,由于耐盐碱、耐洪水和耐高温,一些生态型被用于盐碱土的修复。因此,人们越来越需要大量无病的 S. portulacastrum 繁殖体。本研究开发了一种通过间接芽器官发生再生 S. portulacastrum 的有效方法。叶片外植体在添加了不同浓度玉米素(ZT)和吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)的 Murashige 和 Skoog 基础培养基上培养。只用 1.5 毫克/升玉米素或 1.5 毫克/升玉米素加 0.5 毫克/升吲哚-3-乙酸培养的所有外植体都能诱导出胼胝体。将胼胝体切成小块,并在最初诱导胼胝体的相同培养基上进行培养。1.5 毫克/升的 ZT 能诱导 73.7% 的胼胝体产生不定芽,每个胼胝体的不定芽数量可达 20 个。为了提高不定芽(通常称为微芽或微枝)的离体生根率,在生根培养基中接种了一种内生真菌,Cladosporium 'BF-F'。与未接种'BF-F'的培养基相比,'BF-F'大大提高了生根和小植株的生长速度,生根数量增加了三倍,小植株高度增加了 70%。为了检测参与生根和小植株生长增强的基因,进行了 qRT-PCR 分析。结果表明,在接种'BF-F'的小植株中,与辅助素反应和氮吸收及代谢有关的基因高度上调。接种了'BF-F'的植株在移栽到沙土基质中后生长旺盛。因此,本研究不仅为 S. portulacastrum 的再生建立了一个有效的方案,还开发了一种新的方法来改善小芽的生根和小植株的生长。所建立的繁殖系统可用于生产大量商业用途的 S. portulacastrum 小植株,也可用于基因转化。
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引用次数: 0
Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea and Escherichia coli by Lactic Acid Bacteria on Leafy Vegetables 叶菜中的乳酸菌对灰霉病菌和大肠杆菌的抑制作用
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081228
Beata Kowalska, M. Szczech, A. Lisek
The evaluation of the potentiality of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from fermented products to inhibit Botrytis cinerea and Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth on spinach and lettuce was conducted. From a total of forty LAB strains tested, three were selected due to their high inhibitory effect on plant pathogenic fungi. The identification of these isolates based on a 16S rRNA gene fragment sequence analysis confirmed the genus of Levilactobacillus sp. and Lactiplantibacillus sp. An effective method of coating LAB isolates on the lettuce and spinach surface was developed. The leaves were immersed in bacterial suspension (5.0 × 106 cfu mL−1) for 4 s and drained on tissue paper. LAB survived on lettuce and spinach leaves for 8 days at 6 log10 cfu g−1. Additionally, these bacteria decreased the number of filamentous fungi on the leaves. These isolates were found to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea and E. coli O157:H7 in vitro conditions in growing microbiological media. Their efficacy was confirmed in vivo conditions. These isolates inhibited the development of grey mould caused by B. cinerea on lettuce leaves. Two LAB isolates reduced the abundance of the pathogenic bacterium E. coli on spinach leaves by about 0.7 log10 cfu g−1. In glasshouse conditions, LAB stimulated the growth of examined plants. The lactic acid bacteria used in this study showed the capacity to be used as possible alternatives to chemical compounds in the protection of leafy vegetables against grey mould and for a decrease in E. coli O157:H7 contamination.
对从发酵产品中分离出的乳酸菌(LAB)菌株抑制灰霉病菌和大肠杆菌 O157:H7 在菠菜和莴苣上生长的潜力进行了评估。在测试的 40 株 LAB 菌株中,有 3 株因其对植物病原真菌具有较强的抑制作用而被选中。根据 16S rRNA 基因片段序列分析对这些分离菌株进行了鉴定,确认其属 Levilactobacillus sp.将叶片浸入细菌悬浮液(5.0 × 106 cfu mL-1)中 4 秒钟,然后用卫生纸沥干。莴苣和菠菜叶片上的酵母菌存活了 8 天,存活率为 6 log10 cfu g-1。此外,这些细菌还能减少叶片上丝状真菌的数量。在体外条件下,这些分离物在生长微生物培养基中可抑制B. cinerea和大肠杆菌O157:H7的生长。它们的功效在体内条件下也得到了证实。这些分离物抑制了由 B. cinerea 在莴苣叶片上引起的灰霉病的发展。两种 LAB 分离物将菠菜叶片上的致病菌大肠杆菌的数量减少了约 0.7 log10 cfu g-1。在玻璃温室条件下,乳酸菌刺激了受检植物的生长。这项研究中使用的乳酸菌表明,在保护叶菜免受灰霉病和减少大肠杆菌 O157:H7 污染方面,它们可以作为化学物质的替代品。
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引用次数: 0
The Application of Deep Learning in the Whole Potato Production Chain: A Comprehensive Review 深度学习在整个马铃薯生产链中的应用:全面回顾
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081225
Rui-Feng Wang, W. Su
The potato is a key crop in addressing global hunger, and deep learning is at the core of smart agriculture. Applying deep learning (e.g., YOLO series, ResNet, CNN, LSTM, etc.) in potato production can enhance both yield and economic efficiency. Therefore, researching efficient deep learning models for potato production is of great importance. Common application areas for deep learning in the potato production chain, aimed at improving yield, include pest and disease detection and diagnosis, plant health status monitoring, yield prediction and product quality detection, irrigation strategies, fertilization management, and price forecasting. The main objective of this review is to compile the research progress of deep learning in various processes of potato production and to provide direction for future research. Specifically, this paper categorizes the applications of deep learning in potato production into four types, thereby discussing and introducing the advantages and disadvantages of deep learning in the aforementioned fields, and it discusses future research directions. This paper provides an overview of deep learning and describes its current applications in various stages of the potato production chain.
马铃薯是解决全球饥饿问题的关键作物,而深度学习是智能农业的核心。在马铃薯生产中应用深度学习(如 YOLO 系列、ResNet、CNN、LSTM 等)可以提高产量和经济效益。因此,研究高效的马铃薯生产深度学习模型具有重要意义。以提高产量为目标的深度学习在马铃薯生产链中的常见应用领域包括病虫害检测和诊断、植物健康状况监测、产量预测和产品质量检测、灌溉策略、施肥管理和价格预测。本综述的主要目的是梳理深度学习在马铃薯生产各流程中的研究进展,并为未来研究提供方向。具体而言,本文将深度学习在马铃薯生产中的应用分为四种类型,从而讨论和介绍了深度学习在上述领域的优缺点,并探讨了未来的研究方向。本文概述了深度学习,并介绍了其目前在马铃薯生产链各阶段的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Flexible Hand Claw Picking Method for Citrus-Picking Robot Based on Target Fruit Recognition 基于目标水果识别的柑橘采摘机器人灵活手爪采摘法
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081227
Xu Xiao, Yaonan Wang, Bing Zhou, Yiming Jiang
In order to meet the demand of the intelligent and efficient picking of fresh citrus fruit in a natural environment, a flexible and independent picking method of fresh citrus fruit based on picking pattern recognition was proposed. The convolutional attention (CA) mechanism was added in the YOLOv7 network model. This makes the model pay more attention to the citrus fruit region, reduces the interference of some redundant information in the background and feature maps, effectively improves the recognition accuracy of the YOLOv7 network model, and reduces the detection error of the hand region. According to the physical parameters of the citrus fruit and stem, an end-effector suitable for picking citrus fruit was designed, which effectively reduced the damage during the picking of citrus fruit. According to the actual distribution of citrus fruits in the natural environment, a citrus fruit-picking task planning model was established, so that the adaptability of the flexible handle can make up for the inaccuracy of the deep learning method to a certain extent when the end-effector picks fruits independently. Finally, on the basis of integrating the key components of the picking robot, a production test was carried out in a standard citrus orchard. The experimental results show that the success rate of the citrus-picking robot arm is 87.15%, and the success rate of picking in the natural field environment is 82.4%, which is better than the success rate of 80% of the market picking robot. In the picking experiment, the main reason for the unsuccessful positioning of citrus fruits is that the position of citrus fruits is beyond the picking range of the end-effector, and the motion parameters of the robot arm joint will produce errors, affecting the motion accuracy of the robot arm, leading to the failure of picking. This study can provide technical support for the exploration and application of the intelligent fruit-picking mode.
为了满足在自然环境中智能、高效采摘柑橘类鲜果的需求,提出了一种基于采摘模式识别的灵活、独立的柑橘类鲜果采摘方法。在 YOLOv7 网络模型中加入了卷积注意力(CA)机制。这使得模型更加关注柑橘类水果区域,减少了背景图和特征图中一些冗余信息的干扰,有效提高了 YOLOv7 网络模型的识别精度,降低了手部区域的检测误差。根据柑橘果实和茎干的物理参数,设计了适合柑橘果实采摘的末端执行器,有效降低了柑橘果实采摘过程中的损伤。根据柑橘类水果在自然环境中的实际分布情况,建立了柑橘类水果采摘任务规划模型,使柔性手柄的适应性在一定程度上弥补了深度学习方法在末端执行器独立采摘水果时的不准确性。最后,在集成采摘机器人关键部件的基础上,在标准柑橘园进行了生产试验。实验结果表明,柑橘采摘机械臂的采摘成功率为 87.15%,在田间自然环境下的采摘成功率为 82.4%,优于市场上采摘机器人 80% 的采摘成功率。在采摘实验中,柑橘果实定位不成功的主要原因是柑橘果实的位置超出了末端执行器的采摘范围,机械臂关节的运动参数会产生误差,影响机械臂的运动精度,导致采摘失败。本研究可为智能采果模式的探索与应用提供技术支持。
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引用次数: 0
Volatile Organic Compound Emission Inventory for Pesticide Spraying in an Agricultural City of Northeast China: Real-Time Monitoring and Method Optimization 中国东北某农业城市农药喷洒挥发性有机化合物排放清单:实时监测与方法优化
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081223
Ruimin Li, Zixuan Xia, Bo You, Bowen Shi, Jing Fu
Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as olefins and aromatics, released from synthetic chemical pesticide sprays can increase regional air pollution, public health risks, and food security risks. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding the measurement methods and chemical profiles of VOC emissions. Using an agricultural city, Changchun City in Northeast China, as a case study, we quantified real-time concentration and composition data based on online monitoring instruments for the year 2023. This study optimized data collection methods for emission factors and activity levels and developed a high-precision emission inventory of VOCs in pesticides at the city scale. The emission factors for VOCs from the seven categories of pesticides were estimated as follows: 78 g/kg (nicosulfuron and atrazine, oil-dispersible [OD] and suspension emulsion [SE], respectively), 4 g/kg (chlorpyrifos and indoxair conditioningarb, suspension concentrate [SC]), 5 g/kg (fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride, SC), 217 g/kg (MCPA-dimethylammonium, aqueous solution [AS]), 34 g/kg (glyphosate, AS), 575 g/kg (beta-cypermethrin and malathion, emulsifiable concentrate [EC]), and 122 g/kg (copper abietate, emulsion in water [EW]), depending on the pesticide formulation components and formulation types. The orchard insecticide exhibited the highest emission factors among all pesticides owing to its emulsifiable concentrate formulation and 80% content of inactive ingredients (both factors contribute to the high content of organic solvents in the pesticide). The major components of VOC emissions from pesticide spraying were halocarbons (27–44%), oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (25–38%), and aromatic hydrocarbons (15–28%). The total VOC emissions from pesticide spraying in the Changchun region accounted for 10.6 t, with Yushu City contributing 28% of the VOC emissions and Gongzhuling City and Dehui City contributing 18.7% and 16.0%, respectively. Herbicides were the main contributors to VOC emissions because of their high emission factors and extensive use in fields (used for spraying maize and rice, the main crops in Changchun City). May and June exhibited the highest VOC emissions from pesticide application, with May accounting for 57.0% of annual pesticide emissions, predominantly from herbicides (95.1%), followed by insecticides (4.9%). June accounted for 30.1% of the annual pesticide emissions, with herbicides being the largest contributor of VOC emissions. An emission inventory of VOC with a monthly scale and spatial grid resolutions of 0.083° and 0.5° in 2023 was developed. These emission factors and inventories of pesticide applications provide valuable information for air quality modeling. This study also provides an important scientific basis for enhancing regional air quality and mitigating the environmental impact of pesticide use in major grain-producing areas.
合成化学农药喷洒释放的烯烃和芳烃等大气挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)会加剧区域空气污染、增加公共健康风险和食品安全风险。然而,挥发性有机化合物排放的测量方法和化学特征仍存在很大的不确定性。我们以一个农业城市--中国东北部的长春市为例,基于在线监测仪器量化了 2023 年的实时浓度和成分数据。该研究优化了排放因子和活动水平的数据收集方法,并制定了城市尺度下农药中挥发性有机化合物的高精度排放清单。七类农药中挥发性有机化合物的排放因子估算如下:78克/千克(烟嘧磺隆和莠去津,分别为油分散剂[OD]和悬浮乳剂[SE])、4克/千克(毒死蜱和茚虫威,悬浮浓缩剂[SC])、5克/千克(氟啶虫酰胺和盐酸丙溴磷,SC)、217克/千克(MCPA-二甲基铵,水溶液[AS])、根据农药制剂成分和制剂类型,分别为每公斤 34 克(草甘膦,AS)、每公斤 575 克(β-氯氰菊酯和马拉硫磷,乳油 [EC])和每公斤 122 克(阿比特铜,水乳剂 [EW])。在所有农药中,果园杀虫剂的排放因子最高,原因是其乳油制剂和 80% 的非活性成分含量(这两个因素导致该农药中有机溶剂含量较高)。农药喷洒排放的挥发性有机化合物的主要成分是卤代烃(27-44%)、含氧挥发性有机化合物(OVOCs)(25-38%)和芳香烃(15-28%)。长春地区农药喷洒产生的挥发性有机化合物排放总量为 10.6 吨,其中榆树市占 28%,公主岭市和德惠市分别占 18.7% 和 16.0%。除草剂是挥发性有机化合物的主要排放源,因为其排放系数高且在田间广泛使用(用于喷洒玉米和水稻,长春市的主要农作物)。5 月和 6 月的农药施用挥发性有机化合物排放量最高,5 月占全年农药排放量的 57.0%,主要来自除草剂(95.1%),其次是杀虫剂(4.9%)。6 月份的农药排放量占全年排放量的 30.1%,除草剂是挥发性有机化合物的最大排放源。制定了 2023 年挥发性有机化合物的月度排放清单,空间网格分辨率分别为 0.083°和 0.5°。这些排放因子和农药应用清单为空气质量建模提供了宝贵的信息。这项研究还为提高区域空气质量和减轻主要粮食产区农药使用对环境的影响提供了重要的科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation and Invasiveness Analysis of Two Species of Giant African Snail in a Coastal City of Southern China 中国南部沿海城市两种非洲大蜗牛的调查与入侵分析
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081217
Yongzhe Zhang, Xinfeng Wang, Yuzhe Tang, Linjing Wang, Rui Han, Xi Qiao, Fanghao Wan, Wanqiang Qian, Conghui Liu
Investigations and research on the giant African snail (GAS) mainly focus on Achatina fulica. However, in recent years, a more harmful GAS, Achatina immaculata, has been reported. In order to understand the invasive status of A. immaculata in China, we take Shenzhen, a coastal city in Southern China, as an example to carry out an ecological survey on the field populations of the two species of GAS in various districts. We explore the differences in the invasive characteristics of the two species of snails in terms of their dietary intake, cold adaptation and drought resistance. The results indicate that, based on the phylogenetic tree analysis, more than half of the sampled snails exhibit higher similarity to A. immaculata. The number of wild A. immaculata is significantly greater than that of A. fulica, and 70.64% of the 746 GAS are A. immaculata. At the same time, it is also found that the maximum shell length of A. immaculata is 135.83 mm, with an average shell length of 76.00 mm, which is significantly different from the average shell length of A. fulica (56.57 mm, p < 0.01). The food intake assay shows that there is no difference in the food preferences of the two species, but the food demand of A. immaculata is significantly greater than that of A. fulica (2.32 fold, p < 0.01). In the cold adaptation assay, A. immaculata recovers from the cold dormancy state significantly faster than A. fulica (1.92 fold, p < 0.05), and the speed with which A. immaculata enters the dormancy state in the drought environment is significantly slower than that of A. fulica (0.706 fold, p < 0.05). With the characteristics of a large body size, large food intake and strong resistance to cold and drought resistance, A. immaculata has the potential to be dominant in competition with A. fulica in the same ecological niche, and it has become the main invasive species of GAS in Shenzhen.
对非洲大蜗牛(GAS)的调查和研究主要集中在 Achatina fulica 上。但近年来,一种危害性更大的非洲大蜗牛--非洲大蜗牛(Achatina immaculata)也有报道。为了了解A. immaculata在中国的入侵状况,我们以华南沿海城市深圳为例,对这两种非洲大蜗牛在各区的野外种群进行了生态调查。我们从食性、寒冷适应性和抗旱性等方面探讨了两种蜗牛入侵特征的差异。结果表明,根据系统发生树分析,一半以上的采样蜗牛与 A. immaculata 表现出较高的相似性。野生 A. immaculata 的数量明显多于 A. fulica,在 746 个 GAS 中,70.64% 为 A. immaculata。同时还发现,A. immaculata 的最大壳长为 135.83 毫米,平均壳长为 76.00 毫米,与 A. fulica 的平均壳长(56.57 毫米,P < 0.01)有显著差异。摄食试验表明,两个物种对食物的喜好没有差异,但A. immaculata对食物的需求量明显高于A. fulica(2.32倍,p < 0.01)。在寒冷适应试验中,金花绣线菊从寒冷休眠状态恢复的速度明显快于富贵竹(1.92 倍,p < 0.05),而金花绣线菊在干旱环境中进入休眠状态的速度明显慢于富贵竹(0.706 倍,p < 0.05)。由于具有体型大、食量大、抗寒性和抗旱性强等特点,金花绣线菊有可能在与福寿螺在同一生态位的竞争中占据优势地位,并已成为深圳地区豚鼠的主要入侵物种。
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引用次数: 0
RmMYB44 Confers Resistance to Chilling, Drought, and Salt Stress in Both Rosa multiflora and Tobacco RmMYB44 可增强多花蔷薇和烟草对寒冷、干旱和盐胁迫的抗性
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081212
Wuhua Zhang, Naiyu Zhang, Qi Qin, Xiaoying Zhang, Jinzhu Zhang, Tao Yang, Yifei Zhang, Jie Dong, Daidi Che
Roses, a popular ornamental crop, often face various abiotic stresses during growth and development, such as cold, drought, and salinity. Rosa multiflora is a commonly used rootstock and exhibits strong resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an ideal material for studying mechanisms for resistance. Among the largest plant families, MYB transcription factors play a crucial role in plant abiotic stresses. Our previous research has indicated that RmMYB44 could be involved in the low-temperature response of R. multiflora. This study further investigated RmMYB44, revealing that its expression levels were upregulated in response to chilling, drought, and salt stress. The results suggested its potential role as a key transcription factor in plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Additionally, RmMYB44 encoded a nuclear-localized protein without the self-activating function. The overexpression of RmMYB44 in tobacco plants enhanced the resistance to cold, drought, and salt stresses, as evidenced by the improved growth compared to wild-type (WT) plants under conditions of 4 °C, 30% water-holding capacity, and 200 mM of NaCl, respectively. Moreover, in overexpression tobacco plants, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly reduced; and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); as well as the proline content and the expression levels of NtPOD, NtCAT, and NtCBF; were significantly elevated under abiotic stresses. We assumed that the resistance to abiotic stress in plants conferred by RmMYB44 was associated with the regulation of cell membrane integrity. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the RmMYB44 gene in the resistance mechanism of R. multiflora against abiotic stress, thereby providing a candidate gene for the molecular breeding of abiotic stress resistance in roses and related species.
玫瑰是一种广受欢迎的观赏作物,在生长发育过程中经常面临各种非生物胁迫,如寒冷、干旱和盐碱。多花蔷薇是一种常用的砧木,对生物和非生物胁迫都有很强的抗性,是研究抗性机制的理想材料。在最大的植物家族中,MYB 转录因子在植物非生物胁迫中起着至关重要的作用。我们之前的研究表明,RmMYB44 可能参与了多花甘蓝的低温响应。本研究进一步研究了 RmMYB44,发现其表达水平在应对寒冷、干旱和盐胁迫时上调。结果表明,它可能是植物抵抗非生物胁迫的关键转录因子。此外,RmMYB44编码的是一种核定位蛋白,不具有自激活功能。在烟草植株中过表达 RmMYB44 可增强其抗寒、抗旱和抗盐胁迫的能力,在 4 ℃、30% 持水量和 200 mM NaCl 的条件下,与野生型植株相比,RmMYB44 的生长得到了改善。此外,在非生物胁迫下,过表达烟草植株的过氧化氢和丙二醛(MDA)水平显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性以及脯氨酸含量和 NtPOD、NtCAT 和 NtCBF 的表达水平显著升高。我们推测 RmMYB44 赋予植物的抗非生物胁迫能力与细胞膜完整性调控有关。本研究旨在阐明 RmMYB44 基因在多花蔷薇抗非生物质胁迫机制中的作用,从而为蔷薇及相关物种抗非生物质胁迫的分子育种提供一个候选基因。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation and Promotion of Alluvial Fan Land Suitability for Agriculture in the Lhasa River Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau 青藏高原拉萨河流域冲积扇地农业适宜性评价与推广
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081214
Tongde Chen, Juying Jiao, Lingling Wang, Wei Wei, Chunjing Zhao, Shuwei Wei
Alluvial fans have been proven to have great utilisation potential in QTP, but to what extent they are suitable for agricultural development is unknown. Therefore, using the alluvial fan in the Lhasa River Basin (LRB) as a case study, this paper established an evaluation system of land suitability for agriculture (LSA). Principal component analysis (PCA) and the exhaustive method (EM) were used to define the minimum dataset (MDS) and then the LSA of the alluvial fan in the LRB was evaluated using a comprehensive index of LSA. Two scientific approaches were implemented to improve the LSA using a scenario simulation. The results showed that the MDS assessed by the EA was more representative compared to the PCA. Alluvial fans with suitable grades are mainly distributed in the Lhasa River’s middle and lower reaches. Developing facility agriculture and repairing roads accessing the alluvial fans are effective approaches to improve the LSA, which can increase the suitable-grade area from 58.62% to 97.82% and 63.85%, respectively. Therefore, most alluvial fans in the LRB are suitable for developing agriculture, and under the influence of human activities, there will be more alluvial fans suitable for developing agriculture. Our research provides scientific methods for the sustainable development of land in alpine regions.
冲积扇已被证明在青藏高原具有巨大的利用潜力,但其在多大程度上适合农业发展却不得而知。因此,本文以拉萨河流域冲积扇为例,建立了农业用地适宜性评价体系(LSA)。采用主成分分析法(PCA)和穷举法(EM)定义了最小数据集(MDS),然后利用土地适宜性综合指数对拉萨河流域冲积扇的土地适宜性进行了评价。通过情景模拟,采用了两种科学方法来改善 LSA。结果表明,与 PCA 相比,EA 评估的 MDS 更具代表性。具有适宜坡度的冲积扇主要分布在拉萨河中下游。发展设施农业和修复通往冲积扇的道路是改善 LSA 的有效方法,可将适宜等级面积分别从 58.62% 增加到 97.82% 和 63.85%。因此,土地资源局的大部分冲积扇都适合发展农业,在人类活动的影响下,将有更多的冲积扇适合发展农业。我们的研究为高寒地区土地的可持续发展提供了科学方法。
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Agriculture
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