Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081232
S. Spasibionek, F. Wielebski, A. Liersch, M. Walkowiak
Adequate nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization of oilseed rape crops is necessary to obtain good-quality oil and post-extraction rapeseed meal. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of N fertilization (100, 160 and 220 kg ha−1) and S (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1) on the value of seeds of three winter oilseed rape genotypes. Two winter oilseed rape genotypes obtained by mutagenesis (cultivar Polka and breeding genotype PN440) were characterized by changed fatty acid profile. The cultivar Polka, type HO (high oleic), had a high content of oleic acid (C18:1, 78.0%) and the breeding genotype PN440, type HOLL (high-oleic and low-linolenic), had a high content of oleic acid (C18:1, 75.0%) and a low content of linolenic acid (C18:3, 3.0%). We also used the canola type of winter oilseed rape cultivar, Monolit. The analysed winter oilseed rape genotypes responded similarly to the N and S fertilization factors with regard to the content of crude fat and total protein in the seeds and the composition of fatty acids in the oil. N fertilization increased the content of glucosinolates (GLS-alkenyl, indole and total) in seeds, whereas S application decreased the content of saturated fatty acids (stearic acid-C18:0) in oil and increased the content of alkenyl and total glucosinolates (GLSs) in seeds. A significant interaction between N and S was observed for crude-fat and total-protein content. This study suggests that ensuring an adequate supply of both nitrogen and sulfur in the soil is essential for optimizing meal and oil quality in different types of winter oilseed rape cultivars. Proper management of these nutrients can lead to improved oil content and overall crop performance.
油菜作物必须施足氮肥（N）和硫肥（S），才能获得优质油料和榨油后的菜籽粕。本研究旨在确定不同剂量的氮肥（100、160 和 220 千克/公顷-1）和硫磺（0、30、60 和 90 千克/公顷-1）对三种冬油菜基因型种子价值的影响。通过诱变获得的两个冬油菜基因型（栽培品种 Polka 和育种基因型 PN440）的脂肪酸组成发生了变化。栽培品种 Polka 的 HO 型（高油酸）油酸含量高（C18:1，78.0%），育种基因型 PN440 的 HOLL 型（高油酸和低亚麻酸）油酸含量高（C18:1，75.0%），亚麻酸含量低（C18:3，3.0%）。我们还使用了油菜籽类型的冬油菜栽培品种 Monolit。所分析的冬油菜基因型在种子粗脂肪和总蛋白质含量以及油中脂肪酸组成方面对氮肥和磷肥因素的反应相似。施氮肥会增加种子中葡萄糖苷酸盐（GLS-烯基、吲哚和总量）的含量，而施钾肥会降低油脂中饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸-C18:0）的含量，增加种子中烯基和总量葡萄糖苷酸盐（GLSs）的含量。在粗脂肪和总蛋白质含量方面，N 和 S 之间存在明显的交互作用。这项研究表明，确保土壤中氮和硫的充足供应对于优化不同类型冬油菜栽培品种的粕和油质量至关重要。对这些养分的适当管理可提高油脂含量和作物的整体表现。
{"title":"The Influence of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization on Oil Quality and Seed Meal in Different Genotypes of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"S. Spasibionek, F. Wielebski, A. Liersch, M. Walkowiak","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081232","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization of oilseed rape crops is necessary to obtain good-quality oil and post-extraction rapeseed meal. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of N fertilization (100, 160 and 220 kg ha−1) and S (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1) on the value of seeds of three winter oilseed rape genotypes. Two winter oilseed rape genotypes obtained by mutagenesis (cultivar Polka and breeding genotype PN440) were characterized by changed fatty acid profile. The cultivar Polka, type HO (high oleic), had a high content of oleic acid (C18:1, 78.0%) and the breeding genotype PN440, type HOLL (high-oleic and low-linolenic), had a high content of oleic acid (C18:1, 75.0%) and a low content of linolenic acid (C18:3, 3.0%). We also used the canola type of winter oilseed rape cultivar, Monolit. The analysed winter oilseed rape genotypes responded similarly to the N and S fertilization factors with regard to the content of crude fat and total protein in the seeds and the composition of fatty acids in the oil. N fertilization increased the content of glucosinolates (GLS-alkenyl, indole and total) in seeds, whereas S application decreased the content of saturated fatty acids (stearic acid-C18:0) in oil and increased the content of alkenyl and total glucosinolates (GLSs) in seeds. A significant interaction between N and S was observed for crude-fat and total-protein content. This study suggests that ensuring an adequate supply of both nitrogen and sulfur in the soil is essential for optimizing meal and oil quality in different types of winter oilseed rape cultivars. Proper management of these nutrients can lead to improved oil content and overall crop performance.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081236
Kamonrat Suwanchaisri, J. Roddee, Jureemart Wangkeeree
The bacterial genus Wolbachia induces reproductive abnormalities in its insect host, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which causes embryonic death in the crossing of infected males and uninfected females. Hence, Wolbachia-based strategies are employed to control insect pests. However, Wolbachia does not naturally infect Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura), the main vector of the phytoplasma causing the sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) disease. In this study, the wYfla Wolbachia strain, which induces strong CI in its original host, was microinjected into nymphs of M. hiroglyphicus. Molecular detection revealed that Wolbachia was successfully transinfected into the recipient host, with an infection frequency of 55–80% in up to eight generations after transinfection. Wolbachia exhibited no significant detrimental effects on the developmental time of the immature stages, adult emergences, and female longevity, whereas the lifespan of transinfected males was decreased. Reciprocal crossing revealed that Wolbachia infection did not affect the number of eggs laid per female. However, the hatching rate produced by the pairs between the transinfected males and naturally uninfected females significantly decreased. The evidence of Wolbachia transmitted through the generations tested and partial CI occurrence in transinfected M. hiroglyphicus highlights the possibility of the future development of Wolbachia-based strategies for controlling the vector of SCWL.
{"title":"Wolbachia Transinfection and Effect on the Biological Traits of Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura), the Leafhopper Vector of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease","authors":"Kamonrat Suwanchaisri, J. Roddee, Jureemart Wangkeeree","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081236","url":null,"abstract":"The bacterial genus Wolbachia induces reproductive abnormalities in its insect host, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which causes embryonic death in the crossing of infected males and uninfected females. Hence, Wolbachia-based strategies are employed to control insect pests. However, Wolbachia does not naturally infect Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura), the main vector of the phytoplasma causing the sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) disease. In this study, the wYfla Wolbachia strain, which induces strong CI in its original host, was microinjected into nymphs of M. hiroglyphicus. Molecular detection revealed that Wolbachia was successfully transinfected into the recipient host, with an infection frequency of 55–80% in up to eight generations after transinfection. Wolbachia exhibited no significant detrimental effects on the developmental time of the immature stages, adult emergences, and female longevity, whereas the lifespan of transinfected males was decreased. Reciprocal crossing revealed that Wolbachia infection did not affect the number of eggs laid per female. However, the hatching rate produced by the pairs between the transinfected males and naturally uninfected females significantly decreased. The evidence of Wolbachia transmitted through the generations tested and partial CI occurrence in transinfected M. hiroglyphicus highlights the possibility of the future development of Wolbachia-based strategies for controlling the vector of SCWL.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To enhance the sowing uniformity of the vacuum seeder in the high-speed working state, a flexible energy-dissipation receiving device was designed. We analyzed the angle and velocity of seed ejection from the seed-metering device. Additionally, we explored the rheological properties of four different sodium alginate (SA) solutions. Combined with high-speed camera technology, the movement characteristics of four kinds of energy dissipators were revealed, and it was determined that the fabrication material of the energy dissipator is colloid with an SA percentage of 10%. The influence of the thickness of the energy dissipator body, impact velocity, and impact angle on the pre- and post-impact velocity difference and end-of-motion transverse displacement value was investigated. The quadratic regression equation between experimental factors and experimental indexes was established, and it was determined that the thickness of the energy dissipator was 7 mm. Field experiment results showed that the working speed was 12~16 km·h−1, the leakage rate was less than 6.83%, the multiple rates were less than 0.97%, the qualified rate was stable at more than 92.4%, and the qualified grain distance variation rate was stable at less than 16.57%. The designed energy-dissipation device is beneficial to improve the overall working performance of high-speed precision seeders. In the future, if the reliability and long-term performance of the energy-dissipation device are further improved, it will be able to meet the requirements for precision seeding under high-speed conditions.
{"title":"Improving Sowing Uniformity of a Maize High-Speed Precision Seeder by Incorporating Energy Dissipator","authors":"Rui Liu, Guangwei Wu, Jianjun Dong, Bingxin Yan, Zhijun Meng","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081237","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the sowing uniformity of the vacuum seeder in the high-speed working state, a flexible energy-dissipation receiving device was designed. We analyzed the angle and velocity of seed ejection from the seed-metering device. Additionally, we explored the rheological properties of four different sodium alginate (SA) solutions. Combined with high-speed camera technology, the movement characteristics of four kinds of energy dissipators were revealed, and it was determined that the fabrication material of the energy dissipator is colloid with an SA percentage of 10%. The influence of the thickness of the energy dissipator body, impact velocity, and impact angle on the pre- and post-impact velocity difference and end-of-motion transverse displacement value was investigated. The quadratic regression equation between experimental factors and experimental indexes was established, and it was determined that the thickness of the energy dissipator was 7 mm. Field experiment results showed that the working speed was 12~16 km·h−1, the leakage rate was less than 6.83%, the multiple rates were less than 0.97%, the qualified rate was stable at more than 92.4%, and the qualified grain distance variation rate was stable at less than 16.57%. The designed energy-dissipation device is beneficial to improve the overall working performance of high-speed precision seeders. In the future, if the reliability and long-term performance of the energy-dissipation device are further improved, it will be able to meet the requirements for precision seeding under high-speed conditions.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081229
Ramin Rayee, L. Anh, T.D. Xuan
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-known phytohormone that initiates seed dormancy. This is the first study elucidating the variability and relationship in the accumulation of phenolics, melatonin, and momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) during a rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Koshihikari, Akisakari, and Akiroman) seed dormancy process treated by ABA with concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 50, and 100 µM over 8 days. Accordingly, increased concentrations of ABA resulted in an extended dormancy period of rice seeds, along with reducing fresh weight while maintaining stable dry weight in all varieties. ABA treatment elevated total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents. Particularly, quantities of ferulic and cinnamic acids were enhanced, in line with the promoted antioxidant capacities of ABA-treated rice seeds. Momilactone contents were increased (3.8% to 32.6% for MA and 16.3% to 31.3% for MB) during the extension of rice seed dormancy regulated by ABA. Notably, the accumulation tendency of MA and MB under ABA effects was consistent with that of melatonin, a phytohormone associated with seed dormancy prolongation. The finding implies that MA and MB may play a role alongside melatonin in signaling the extended dormancy of rice seeds through the ABA pathway. Future research should delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations.
脱落酸（ABA）是一种众所周知的植物激素，可启动种子休眠。本研究首次阐明了在水稻（Oryza sativa L. var. Koshihikari, Akisakari, and Akiroman）种子休眠过程中，酚类物质、褪黑激素、momilactones A (MA)和 B (MB)在 8 天内经浓度为 0（对照）、10、50 和 100 µM 的 ABA 处理后的积累变化及其关系。因此，增加 ABA 浓度会延长水稻种子的休眠期，并降低鲜重，同时保持所有品种的干重稳定。ABA 处理提高了总酚（TPC）和类黄酮（TFC）的含量。特别是阿魏酸和肉桂酸的含量提高了，这与 ABA 处理的水稻种子抗氧化能力提高是一致的。在 ABA 调节的水稻种子休眠期延长过程中，桃内酯含量增加（MA 为 3.8%，MB 为 32.6%，MB 为 16.3%，MB 为 31.3%）。值得注意的是，在 ABA 作用下，MA 和 MB 的积累趋势与褪黑激素（一种与种子休眠延长相关的植物激素）的积累趋势一致。这一发现意味着 MA 和 MB 可能与褪黑激素一起通过 ABA 途径在水稻种子休眠延长的信号传递中发挥作用。未来的研究应深入探讨这些观察结果背后的分子机制。
{"title":"Effects of Abscisic Acid on Rice Seed Dormancy: Antioxidant Response and Accumulations of Melatonin, Phenolics and Momilactones","authors":"Ramin Rayee, L. Anh, T.D. Xuan","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081229","url":null,"abstract":"Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-known phytohormone that initiates seed dormancy. This is the first study elucidating the variability and relationship in the accumulation of phenolics, melatonin, and momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) during a rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Koshihikari, Akisakari, and Akiroman) seed dormancy process treated by ABA with concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 50, and 100 µM over 8 days. Accordingly, increased concentrations of ABA resulted in an extended dormancy period of rice seeds, along with reducing fresh weight while maintaining stable dry weight in all varieties. ABA treatment elevated total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents. Particularly, quantities of ferulic and cinnamic acids were enhanced, in line with the promoted antioxidant capacities of ABA-treated rice seeds. Momilactone contents were increased (3.8% to 32.6% for MA and 16.3% to 31.3% for MB) during the extension of rice seed dormancy regulated by ABA. Notably, the accumulation tendency of MA and MB under ABA effects was consistent with that of melatonin, a phytohormone associated with seed dormancy prolongation. The finding implies that MA and MB may play a role alongside melatonin in signaling the extended dormancy of rice seeds through the ABA pathway. Future research should delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081230
Mareike Ließ, Ali Sakhaee
Many soil functions and processes are controlled by the soil particle size distribution. Accordingly, nationwide geoinformation on this soil property is required to enable climate-smart and resilient land management. This study presents a new deep learning approach to simultaneously model the contents of the three particle sizes of sand, silt, and clay and their variations with depth throughout the landscape. The approach allows for the consideration of the natural soil horizon boundaries and the inclusion of the surrounding landscape context of each soil profile to investigate the soil–landscape relation. Applied to the agricultural soil landscape of Germany, the approach generated a three-dimensional continuous data product with a resolution of 100 m in geographic space and a depth resolution of 1 cm. The approach relies on a patch-wise multi-target convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Genetic algorithm optimization was applied for CNN parameter tuning. Overall, the effectiveness of the CNN algorithm in generating multidimensional, multivariate, national-scale soil data products was demonstrated. The predictive performance resulted in a median root mean square error of 17.8 mass-% for the sand, 14.4 mass-% for the silt, and 9.3 mass-% for the clay content in the top ten centimeters. This increased to 20.9, 16.5, and 11.8 mass-% at a 40 cm depth. The generated data product is the first of its kind. However, even though the potential of this deep learning approach to understand and model the complex soil–landscape relation is virtually limitless, its limitations are data driven concerning the approximation of the soil-forming factors and the available soil profile data.
{"title":"Deep Learning with a Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network to Generate a National-Scale 3D Soil Data Product: The Particle Size Distribution of the German Agricultural Soil Landscape","authors":"Mareike Ließ, Ali Sakhaee","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081230","url":null,"abstract":"Many soil functions and processes are controlled by the soil particle size distribution. Accordingly, nationwide geoinformation on this soil property is required to enable climate-smart and resilient land management. This study presents a new deep learning approach to simultaneously model the contents of the three particle sizes of sand, silt, and clay and their variations with depth throughout the landscape. The approach allows for the consideration of the natural soil horizon boundaries and the inclusion of the surrounding landscape context of each soil profile to investigate the soil–landscape relation. Applied to the agricultural soil landscape of Germany, the approach generated a three-dimensional continuous data product with a resolution of 100 m in geographic space and a depth resolution of 1 cm. The approach relies on a patch-wise multi-target convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Genetic algorithm optimization was applied for CNN parameter tuning. Overall, the effectiveness of the CNN algorithm in generating multidimensional, multivariate, national-scale soil data products was demonstrated. The predictive performance resulted in a median root mean square error of 17.8 mass-% for the sand, 14.4 mass-% for the silt, and 9.3 mass-% for the clay content in the top ten centimeters. This increased to 20.9, 16.5, and 11.8 mass-% at a 40 cm depth. The generated data product is the first of its kind. However, even though the potential of this deep learning approach to understand and model the complex soil–landscape relation is virtually limitless, its limitations are data driven concerning the approximation of the soil-forming factors and the available soil profile data.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"30 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081233
C. Karelakis, Zacharias Papanikolaou, Christina Keramopoulou, George Theodossiou
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges the planet confronts today and is predicted to continue to face in the future. It is one of the greatest threats to humanity, seriously affecting human health, the natural environment, and security. This research aims to investigate the factors related to the perception of Greek citizens regarding climate change and green development and the obstacles that exist in Greece in the transition to enhanced green growth. For this reason, four cases related to communication and education, energy, actions to protect the environment, and each one’s responsibility were investigated. Data were collected through a survey (structured questionnaire) of 745 respondents in the regional unit of the Greek city of Larissa with an overall response rate of 69% and analyzed through a combination of factor and path analysis. The results show that communication, actions related to environmental protection, and energy-saving actions are the ones that have significant associations with the goal of green development.
{"title":"Green Growth, Green Development and Climate Change Perceptions: Evidence from a Greek Region","authors":"C. Karelakis, Zacharias Papanikolaou, Christina Keramopoulou, George Theodossiou","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081233","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the biggest challenges the planet confronts today and is predicted to continue to face in the future. It is one of the greatest threats to humanity, seriously affecting human health, the natural environment, and security. This research aims to investigate the factors related to the perception of Greek citizens regarding climate change and green development and the obstacles that exist in Greece in the transition to enhanced green growth. For this reason, four cases related to communication and education, energy, actions to protect the environment, and each one’s responsibility were investigated. Data were collected through a survey (structured questionnaire) of 745 respondents in the regional unit of the Greek city of Larissa with an overall response rate of 69% and analyzed through a combination of factor and path analysis. The results show that communication, actions related to environmental protection, and energy-saving actions are the ones that have significant associations with the goal of green development.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"18 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081234
Håkan Berg, Nguyen Thanh Tam, T. Lan, C. Da
This study compares the food-production efficiencies of integrated rice-fish farming and rice monoculture and evaluates how these farming systems contribute to sustainable food production in the Mekong Delta. The study explores how food-production efficiencies are influenced by the systems’ ecological connectivity by comparing more integrated systems that apply integrated rice-fish farming and integrated pest management (IPM) with less integrated systems farming only rice. Rice-fish farmers with plenty of fish had significantly higher rice yields than farmers with less or no fish, especially during the second crop when the rice was grown together with the fish. A positive correlation between the fish and rice yields, indicated synergistic effects between the fish and rice, due to strengthened ecological connectivity and trophic interactions within the rice-field ecosystem. Overall, rice-fish farmers had higher rice yields than rice farmers, despite using lower amounts of fertilizers and pesticides. They also had lower rice production costs compared to rice farmers, partly because the fish helped fertilize the rice and control rice pests. They had a significantly higher profit and benefit cost ratio than rice farmers because of lower production costs, and high rice and fish yields. The results indicate that food-production efficiencies in the Mekong Delta can be enhanced through diversification and increased ecological connectivity, leading to a more efficient use of rice field ecosystem services that support a long-term and healthy production of food.
{"title":"Enhanced Food-Production Efficiencies through Integrated Farming Systems in the Hau Giang Province in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","authors":"Håkan Berg, Nguyen Thanh Tam, T. Lan, C. Da","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081234","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the food-production efficiencies of integrated rice-fish farming and rice monoculture and evaluates how these farming systems contribute to sustainable food production in the Mekong Delta. The study explores how food-production efficiencies are influenced by the systems’ ecological connectivity by comparing more integrated systems that apply integrated rice-fish farming and integrated pest management (IPM) with less integrated systems farming only rice. Rice-fish farmers with plenty of fish had significantly higher rice yields than farmers with less or no fish, especially during the second crop when the rice was grown together with the fish. A positive correlation between the fish and rice yields, indicated synergistic effects between the fish and rice, due to strengthened ecological connectivity and trophic interactions within the rice-field ecosystem. Overall, rice-fish farmers had higher rice yields than rice farmers, despite using lower amounts of fertilizers and pesticides. They also had lower rice production costs compared to rice farmers, partly because the fish helped fertilize the rice and control rice pests. They had a significantly higher profit and benefit cost ratio than rice farmers because of lower production costs, and high rice and fish yields. The results indicate that food-production efficiencies in the Mekong Delta can be enhanced through diversification and increased ecological connectivity, leading to a more efficient use of rice field ecosystem services that support a long-term and healthy production of food.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081231
Xi Jin, Zheng Hao, Yelong Song, Lan Gao, Fuqiang He, Qingjie Li, A. Cao
Soil fumigation is considered a method to control soil-borne diseases and solve crop continuous cropping obstacles. However, fumigant residues in the soil are detrimental to soil health. Though substrate cultivation is a cultivation mode that can promote plant growth, studies to date on whether substrate cultivation can replace soil fumigation for the control of soil pathogens are limited. In this study, the effects of chloropicrin fumigation (Pic) and substrate cultivation (SC) on yam growth, soil pathogens, soil nutrients, and microbial communities were demonstrated using a 2-year field experiment. The results showed that SC significantly increased the content of soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus, and available potassium compared with Pic. In addition, SC could effectively reduce the number of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., decrease the rate of diseased yam plants, and significantly increase the yam yield. Moreover, SC significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacillus in soil. Correlation analysis showed that yam yield exhibited a negative relation with the number of soil pathogens and a positive correlation with SOM. Our study suggests that substrate cultivation can be an alternative to soil fumigation to control soil pathogens and protect soil health.
土壤熏蒸被认为是控制土传病害和解决作物连作障碍的一种方法。然而，土壤中残留的熏蒸剂不利于土壤健康。虽然基质栽培是一种能促进植物生长的栽培模式，但迄今为止，关于基质栽培能否取代土壤熏蒸来控制土壤病原菌的研究还很有限。本研究通过为期两年的田间试验，证明了氯化苦熏蒸（Pic）和基质栽培（SC）对山药生长、土壤病原体、土壤养分和微生物群落的影响。结果表明，与 Pic 相比，SC 能显著提高土壤有机质（SOM）、可利用磷和可利用钾的含量。此外，SC 还能有效减少镰刀菌属和疫霉属的数量，降低山药病株率，并显著提高山药产量。此外，SC 还能明显增加土壤中放线菌、酸性杆菌和芽孢杆菌等有益微生物的数量。相关分析表明，山药产量与土壤病原体数量呈负相关，而与 SOM 呈正相关。我们的研究表明，基质栽培可以替代土壤熏蒸，控制土壤病原体，保护土壤健康。
{"title":"Response of Yam Yield and Soil Microbial Communities to Soil Fumigation and Substrate Cultivation","authors":"Xi Jin, Zheng Hao, Yelong Song, Lan Gao, Fuqiang He, Qingjie Li, A. Cao","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081231","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fumigation is considered a method to control soil-borne diseases and solve crop continuous cropping obstacles. However, fumigant residues in the soil are detrimental to soil health. Though substrate cultivation is a cultivation mode that can promote plant growth, studies to date on whether substrate cultivation can replace soil fumigation for the control of soil pathogens are limited. In this study, the effects of chloropicrin fumigation (Pic) and substrate cultivation (SC) on yam growth, soil pathogens, soil nutrients, and microbial communities were demonstrated using a 2-year field experiment. The results showed that SC significantly increased the content of soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus, and available potassium compared with Pic. In addition, SC could effectively reduce the number of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., decrease the rate of diseased yam plants, and significantly increase the yam yield. Moreover, SC significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacillus in soil. Correlation analysis showed that yam yield exhibited a negative relation with the number of soil pathogens and a positive correlation with SOM. Our study suggests that substrate cultivation can be an alternative to soil fumigation to control soil pathogens and protect soil health.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"33 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081235
Zhiwen Song, Lei Zhao, J. Bi, Qing-Long Tang, Guodong Wang, Yuxiang Li
Film mulching technology has greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural production. However, it also causes environmental problems such as soil contamination. Biodegradable mulch films, which represent environmentally friendly alternatives, present different characteristics depending on regional differences and crop growth differences. This review was based on the literature and data collected from databases such as the Web of Science. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the development, types and degradation characteristics of biodegradable mulch films. The following conclusions are presented: (1) Applying biodegradable mulch films can conserve water, maintain the soil temperature, improve soil nutrition, increase the soil respiration rate, and promote soil microbial activity. (2) Biodegradable mulch films promote crop root system development, suppress weeds, shorten the crop growth cycle, improve crop emergence rates, and expand the planting range of crops. (3) At present, the incomplete degradability of biodegradable mulch films, their relatively high cost and the potential harm to soil from their degradation products still limit their widespread use in agricultural production. The aim of this study is to provide a reference for future research and for the application of biodegradable mulch films in the hope of promoting their role in the sustainable development of agriculture.
{"title":"Classification of Degradable Mulch Films and Their Promotional Effects and Limitations on Agricultural Production","authors":"Zhiwen Song, Lei Zhao, J. Bi, Qing-Long Tang, Guodong Wang, Yuxiang Li","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081235","url":null,"abstract":"Film mulching technology has greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural production. However, it also causes environmental problems such as soil contamination. Biodegradable mulch films, which represent environmentally friendly alternatives, present different characteristics depending on regional differences and crop growth differences. This review was based on the literature and data collected from databases such as the Web of Science. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the development, types and degradation characteristics of biodegradable mulch films. The following conclusions are presented: (1) Applying biodegradable mulch films can conserve water, maintain the soil temperature, improve soil nutrition, increase the soil respiration rate, and promote soil microbial activity. (2) Biodegradable mulch films promote crop root system development, suppress weeds, shorten the crop growth cycle, improve crop emergence rates, and expand the planting range of crops. (3) At present, the incomplete degradability of biodegradable mulch films, their relatively high cost and the potential harm to soil from their degradation products still limit their widespread use in agricultural production. The aim of this study is to provide a reference for future research and for the application of biodegradable mulch films in the hope of promoting their role in the sustainable development of agriculture.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"44 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14081222
Dimitrios Fotakis, I. Karmiris, Diogenis A. Kiziridis, Christos Astaras, T. Papachristou
Agroforestry has a long history of evolution in Europe and has been especially selected under the unfavorable socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the Mediterranean region. The recent changes in social-ecological conditions have increased the interest in the contribution of agroforestry to the mitigation of forthcoming challenges. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic and ecological suitability of agricultural lands for preserving, restoring, and establishing agroforestry practices in Europe. We classified different agroforestry systems based on the LUCAS database, finding that most agroforestry in Europe is in areas associated with older human populations of varying densities and employment levels at lower altitudes, gentler slopes, moderate annual mean temperature and precipitation, and in medium textured soils with limited organic carbon content. Focusing on the prevalent agroforestry system of silvopasture, the majority of which is found in three Mediterranean ecoregions of mainly sclerophyllous forests, the most important factors for the occurrence of this system were subsoil available water content (Aegean), land cover (Adriatic), and topsoil available water content (Iberian). The suitable area for silvopasture according to MaxEnt was 32%, 30%, and 22% of the Aegean, Adriatic, and Iberian ecoregion’s area, respectively. Such mapping of agroforestry suitability can help policymakers to undertake adaptive management for the implementation of agroforestry-based solutions to address ecosystem restoration, food insecurity, and rapid environmental changes and threats.
农林业在欧洲有着悠久的发展历史，尤其是在地中海地区不利的社会经济和环境条件下被选中。最近社会生态条件的变化使人们更加关注农林业对缓解即将到来的挑战的贡献。因此，本研究旨在分析欧洲农田在社会经济和生态方面是否适合用于保护、恢复和建立农林业。我们根据 LUCAS 数据库对不同的农林业系统进行了分类，发现欧洲大多数农林业都位于海拔较低、坡度较缓、年平均气温和降水量适中、有机碳含量有限的中等质地土壤中，与不同密度和就业水平的老龄人口相关联。地中海三个生态区域主要是硬叶林，以盛行的农林系统--青贮牧场为重点，该系统出现的最重要因素是底土可用含水量（爱琴海）、土地覆盖（亚得里亚海）和表土可用含水量（伊比利亚）。根据 MaxEnt 勘测结果，爱琴海生态区、亚得里亚海生态区和伊比利亚生态区的适合造林面积分别为 32%、30% 和 22%。绘制这样的农林业适宜性地图有助于决策者开展适应性管理，实施以农林业为基础的解决方案，解决生态系统恢复、粮食不安全以及环境快速变化和威胁等问题。
{"title":"Social-Ecological Spatial Analysis of Agroforestry in the European Union with a Focus on Mediterranean Countries","authors":"Dimitrios Fotakis, I. Karmiris, Diogenis A. Kiziridis, Christos Astaras, T. Papachristou","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14081222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081222","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry has a long history of evolution in Europe and has been especially selected under the unfavorable socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the Mediterranean region. The recent changes in social-ecological conditions have increased the interest in the contribution of agroforestry to the mitigation of forthcoming challenges. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic and ecological suitability of agricultural lands for preserving, restoring, and establishing agroforestry practices in Europe. We classified different agroforestry systems based on the LUCAS database, finding that most agroforestry in Europe is in areas associated with older human populations of varying densities and employment levels at lower altitudes, gentler slopes, moderate annual mean temperature and precipitation, and in medium textured soils with limited organic carbon content. Focusing on the prevalent agroforestry system of silvopasture, the majority of which is found in three Mediterranean ecoregions of mainly sclerophyllous forests, the most important factors for the occurrence of this system were subsoil available water content (Aegean), land cover (Adriatic), and topsoil available water content (Iberian). The suitable area for silvopasture according to MaxEnt was 32%, 30%, and 22% of the Aegean, Adriatic, and Iberian ecoregion’s area, respectively. Such mapping of agroforestry suitability can help policymakers to undertake adaptive management for the implementation of agroforestry-based solutions to address ecosystem restoration, food insecurity, and rapid environmental changes and threats.","PeriodicalId":7447,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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