Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-74-79
O. Gorelik, S. Kharlap, M. Rebezov, A. Gorelik
Relevance. Providing the population of the country with high–quality food products of its own production is the main task facing the employees of the agro-industrial complex of the country. One of these products is milk. The bulk of milk is obtained from cows of the dairy productivity direction. Currently, in the Sverdlovsk region, more than 75% of the total number of cattle belongs to the Holstein breed, created by the absorption of domestic black-and-white cattle by the Holstein. The study of economically useful signs of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed is relevant and has practical significance.Methods. The research was carried out in breeding reproducers for breeding Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Sverdlovsk region. The evaluation included all cows that completed the first lactation in 2020-2021. Milk productivity was assessed by control milkings, milk quality indicators: MJ and MDB in milk in an average milk sample from each cow — once a month in the dairy laboratory of “Uralplemcenter” LLC.Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the highest productivity indicators in cows were on the 3rd lactation — both for the entire lactation and for 305 days of lactation. Starting from the 4th lactation, there is a decrease in milk yields — from 0.3% (5th lactation) to 8.5% (8th lactation). Further, fluctuations in milk yields have been established in the direction of increasing or decreasing, which is explained by a decrease in the number of animals used in farms for a long time. Coefficient of reproductive capacity for all lactation (up to and including the 12th) stable and is 0.89–0.91, that is, there is a problem with the reproduction of breeding reproducers in dairy cattle herds. No relationship between reproductive functions and milk yield of cows has been established.
{"title":"The relationship of milk productivity and reproductive functions of Holstein cows","authors":"O. Gorelik, S. Kharlap, M. Rebezov, A. Gorelik","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-74-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-74-79","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Providing the population of the country with high–quality food products of its own production is the main task facing the employees of the agro-industrial complex of the country. One of these products is milk. The bulk of milk is obtained from cows of the dairy productivity direction. Currently, in the Sverdlovsk region, more than 75% of the total number of cattle belongs to the Holstein breed, created by the absorption of domestic black-and-white cattle by the Holstein. The study of economically useful signs of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed is relevant and has practical significance.Methods. The research was carried out in breeding reproducers for breeding Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Sverdlovsk region. The evaluation included all cows that completed the first lactation in 2020-2021. Milk productivity was assessed by control milkings, milk quality indicators: MJ and MDB in milk in an average milk sample from each cow — once a month in the dairy laboratory of “Uralplemcenter” LLC.Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the highest productivity indicators in cows were on the 3rd lactation — both for the entire lactation and for 305 days of lactation. Starting from the 4th lactation, there is a decrease in milk yields — from 0.3% (5th lactation) to 8.5% (8th lactation). Further, fluctuations in milk yields have been established in the direction of increasing or decreasing, which is explained by a decrease in the number of animals used in farms for a long time. Coefficient of reproductive capacity for all lactation (up to and including the 12th) stable and is 0.89–0.91, that is, there is a problem with the reproduction of breeding reproducers in dairy cattle herds. No relationship between reproductive functions and milk yield of cows has been established. ","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"105 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-67-73
A. Sermyagin, N. Bogolyubova, A. Belous, G. K. Petryakova, N. P. Yelatkin, N. Zinovieva
Relevance. Assessing the meat production of beef cattle to be transformed by involving an ever-increasing phenotypic data to improve the accuracy of genotype estimation of animals. This can be achieved through the use of live weight changes for individuals and feed consumption during the period of their rearing in feedlots. In this regard, the use of automatic feeding stations that record these parameters for a comprehensive assessment of the genotype of Aberdeen-Angus bulls is an important task of these studies.Methods. Information by 212 individuals was used for Aberdeen Angus bulls that underwent final fattening lasting 60–65 days at GrowSafe feeding stations in the Bryansk region (Russia). Data on the slaughter quality of animals, the efficiency of feed using and the chemical composition of meat were studied. The integral value for dividing bulls into four comparison groups was the residual feed intake trait (RFI).Results. The best combination of feed conversion rates (4.95 kg/kg), average daily gain (1.67 kg /day) and consumed dry matter of the diet (8.25 kg) during the fattening period at the site was shown by bulls with a negative RFI value and an increase above 1495 g relative to other comparison groups. The peers from the second group had a similar tendency, but their consumption of dry matter of feed was the highest (8.96 kg). The animals from the second and fourth comparison groups showed a higher moisture-retaining capacity of meat (60.87% and 60.39%) and the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (0.147 mg/g and 0.148 mg/g) in it. Significant differences in the chemical composition of meat have not been established.
{"title":"Meat production, feed efficiency and chemical composition traits of meat for Aberdeen Angus steers bulls","authors":"A. Sermyagin, N. Bogolyubova, A. Belous, G. K. Petryakova, N. P. Yelatkin, N. Zinovieva","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-67-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-67-73","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Assessing the meat production of beef cattle to be transformed by involving an ever-increasing phenotypic data to improve the accuracy of genotype estimation of animals. This can be achieved through the use of live weight changes for individuals and feed consumption during the period of their rearing in feedlots. In this regard, the use of automatic feeding stations that record these parameters for a comprehensive assessment of the genotype of Aberdeen-Angus bulls is an important task of these studies.Methods. Information by 212 individuals was used for Aberdeen Angus bulls that underwent final fattening lasting 60–65 days at GrowSafe feeding stations in the Bryansk region (Russia). Data on the slaughter quality of animals, the efficiency of feed using and the chemical composition of meat were studied. The integral value for dividing bulls into four comparison groups was the residual feed intake trait (RFI).Results. The best combination of feed conversion rates (4.95 kg/kg), average daily gain (1.67 kg /day) and consumed dry matter of the diet (8.25 kg) during the fattening period at the site was shown by bulls with a negative RFI value and an increase above 1495 g relative to other comparison groups. The peers from the second group had a similar tendency, but their consumption of dry matter of feed was the highest (8.96 kg). The animals from the second and fourth comparison groups showed a higher moisture-retaining capacity of meat (60.87% and 60.39%) and the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (0.147 mg/g and 0.148 mg/g) in it. Significant differences in the chemical composition of meat have not been established.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-40-45
A. D. Filimonova, A. A. Shabeykin, A. Laishevtsev
Relevance. Widespread irrational use of antibiotics has turned antimicrobial resistance into a global problem not only in veterinary medicine, but also in healthcare, which is exacerbated by the cessation of antibiotic development. This study will help practitioners to promptly make decisions on the choice of tactics of antibacterial treatment even before the results of laboratory diagnostics.The aim of the study is to conduct a cross–sectional study for 2023 on the territory of the Moscow metropolis, aimed at determining the most common opportunistic pathogens in companion animal populations detected in diseases of various organ groups, while simultaneously investigating the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance and compiling a list of antibacterial agents with ranking by their effectiveness.Methods. The determination of antibiotic sensitivity was carried out by the discodiffuse method (DDM) in accordance with MUC 4.2.1890-04 “Determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs”.Results. As a result of the research work, a study of samples of microbiological crops taken from companion animals (parrots, cats and domestic dogs) on the territory of the Moscow metropolis was carried out and 258 pathogens were identified.The most common bacteria were identified: epidermidis and Escherichia. coli are most often isolated from the urinary system of animals;gram-negative pathogens with a predominance of coli strains are most often isolated from the gastrointestinal tract;in dermatological diseases of animals, gram-positive bacteria with the dominance of spp. are most often isolated.The antibiotic resistance of pathogens was investigated, as well as the ranking of antibacterial drugs by effectiveness to certain types of microorganisms was carried out.
{"title":"The problem of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of small domestic animals according to laboratory research data in the Moscow metropolis for the first half of 2023","authors":"A. D. Filimonova, A. A. Shabeykin, A. Laishevtsev","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-40-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-40-45","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Widespread irrational use of antibiotics has turned antimicrobial resistance into a global problem not only in veterinary medicine, but also in healthcare, which is exacerbated by the cessation of antibiotic development. This study will help practitioners to promptly make decisions on the choice of tactics of antibacterial treatment even before the results of laboratory diagnostics.The aim of the study is to conduct a cross–sectional study for 2023 on the territory of the Moscow metropolis, aimed at determining the most common opportunistic pathogens in companion animal populations detected in diseases of various organ groups, while simultaneously investigating the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance and compiling a list of antibacterial agents with ranking by their effectiveness.Methods. The determination of antibiotic sensitivity was carried out by the discodiffuse method (DDM) in accordance with MUC 4.2.1890-04 “Determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs”.Results. As a result of the research work, a study of samples of microbiological crops taken from companion animals (parrots, cats and domestic dogs) on the territory of the Moscow metropolis was carried out and 258 pathogens were identified.The most common bacteria were identified: epidermidis and Escherichia. coli are most often isolated from the urinary system of animals;gram-negative pathogens with a predominance of coli strains are most often isolated from the gastrointestinal tract;in dermatological diseases of animals, gram-positive bacteria with the dominance of spp. are most often isolated.The antibiotic resistance of pathogens was investigated, as well as the ranking of antibacterial drugs by effectiveness to certain types of microorganisms was carried out.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"115 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-122-127
I. Y. Reznichenko, E. A. Egushova
Relevance. The implementation of the HACCP principles is considered as a universal component of preventing possible hazards or reducing the risk to an acceptable level. Structuring the safety management system for small enterprises producing bakery products and using non-waste technologies presents certain difficulties, in connection with which the proposed model can find practical significance.Methods. The object of the study was dietary loaves based on a mixture of wheat flour, wholemeal rye, peeled rye, bread crumbs and Jerusalem artichoke powder. When performing the work, quality tools were used: the method of expert scoring to assess the likelihood and severity of identified hazards in the production of dietary bread; decision tree method for determining critical control points that affect the safety of diet crisps.Results. To manage risks in the production of dietary breads, critical control points are identified, a description of the CCP is given, and the distinctive features of the HACCP plan are presented. The proposed organization of quality and safety control can be applied in technologies for the production of bread with the inclusion of bread crumbs or other ingredients similar in properties to crumbs in the recipe.
{"title":"Identification of potential risks in ensuring the sustainable quality of dietary breads","authors":"I. Y. Reznichenko, E. A. Egushova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-122-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-122-127","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The implementation of the HACCP principles is considered as a universal component of preventing possible hazards or reducing the risk to an acceptable level. Structuring the safety management system for small enterprises producing bakery products and using non-waste technologies presents certain difficulties, in connection with which the proposed model can find practical significance.Methods. The object of the study was dietary loaves based on a mixture of wheat flour, wholemeal rye, peeled rye, bread crumbs and Jerusalem artichoke powder. When performing the work, quality tools were used: the method of expert scoring to assess the likelihood and severity of identified hazards in the production of dietary bread; decision tree method for determining critical control points that affect the safety of diet crisps.Results. To manage risks in the production of dietary breads, critical control points are identified, a description of the CCP is given, and the distinctive features of the HACCP plan are presented. The proposed organization of quality and safety control can be applied in technologies for the production of bread with the inclusion of bread crumbs or other ingredients similar in properties to crumbs in the recipe.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-54-58
T. Belomozhnov, V. Klimenko, B. Osipyan, E. P. Vasilyeva
Relevance. This article presents the results of assessing the biochemical parameters and aerobic stability of silage prepared from the domestic early ripening corn hybrid Ross 195 (FAO 180) in the phase of milky-wax ripeness of the grain. Green mass was carried out during harvesting at Barybino LLC in August 2021.Methods. Ensiling was carried out in laboratory conditions of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology in four variants of treatments with various preservatives in three replications of each.Results. Quality indicators were monitored after 30 and 60 days of conservation. Seven days after opening the containers during outdoor storage in silage variants with the addition of biological inoculants, a slight decrease in the concentration of lactic acid and an increase in acetic acid were determined. In silage with chemical preservative, the acid content remained at the same level. The results of assessing the dynamics of silage heating during outdoor storage allow us to conclude that the aerobic stability of the feed with biological inoculants is sufficient, versus control. At the same time, best preservation (over a period of up to 135 hours) the best aerobic stability of silage was obtained with chemical preservative, which was characterized by higher quality indicators in terms of the level of active acidity (pH 4.0–4.1), ammonia content (0.0055–0.0078%) and sugar, and the quantity and ratio of organic acids remained at the level determined at opening.
{"title":"The use of corn hybrid ROSS 195 for silage production in Central Non-Black Earth Region","authors":"T. Belomozhnov, V. Klimenko, B. Osipyan, E. P. Vasilyeva","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-54-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-54-58","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. This article presents the results of assessing the biochemical parameters and aerobic stability of silage prepared from the domestic early ripening corn hybrid Ross 195 (FAO 180) in the phase of milky-wax ripeness of the grain. Green mass was carried out during harvesting at Barybino LLC in August 2021.Methods. Ensiling was carried out in laboratory conditions of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology in four variants of treatments with various preservatives in three replications of each.Results. Quality indicators were monitored after 30 and 60 days of conservation. Seven days after opening the containers during outdoor storage in silage variants with the addition of biological inoculants, a slight decrease in the concentration of lactic acid and an increase in acetic acid were determined. In silage with chemical preservative, the acid content remained at the same level. The results of assessing the dynamics of silage heating during outdoor storage allow us to conclude that the aerobic stability of the feed with biological inoculants is sufficient, versus control. At the same time, best preservation (over a period of up to 135 hours) the best aerobic stability of silage was obtained with chemical preservative, which was characterized by higher quality indicators in terms of the level of active acidity (pH 4.0–4.1), ammonia content (0.0055–0.0078%) and sugar, and the quantity and ratio of organic acids remained at the level determined at opening.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-117-121
L. Prokhasko
Relevance. Currently, the issue of preventing pollution of the hydrosphere by industrial wastewater, the use of new effective technologies for industrial water purification and its reuse in production is extremely acute. In this regard, the urgent tasks are the search and implementation of new methods of water treatment: innovative technologies, disinfection and desalination of water, methods of its reuse.Methods. The article proposes a new technology for water treatment – the cavitation effect on the flow is enhanced by the shock effect of a pressure surge, which makes it possible to suppress the vital activity of microorganisms in the water. On the basis of the developed workflow, its mathematical model and the author’s methodology, calculations were made for three hydrodynamic cavitation devices with a pressure jump in order to disintegrate sulfate-reducing bacteria in industrial waters.Results. In accordance with the terms of reference (nominal fluid flow Q, nominal absolute pressure before installation P1, allowable pressure drop on the device ΔP, nominal fluid temperature t, physical properties of the medium) based on the proposed working process of a hydrodynamic cavitation device that forms a supersonic flow with a transition to subsonic through a pressure jump, an appropriate mathematical model and an adequate technique, the regime and geometric parameters of three pilot samples of hydrodynamic cavitation devices designed to destructurize sulfate-reducing bacteria in industrial waters were calculated. In order to form a supersonic flow in the installation under sufficiently strict conditions for ensuring permissible pressure drops, a nozzle was profiled with a minimum drag coefficient along the Vitashinsky curve. Industrial testing of cavitation devices showed good convergence of theoretical and experimental data: the suppression of bacteria was carried out by 80–100%.
{"title":"Calculation of a cavitation device for industrial water treatment","authors":"L. Prokhasko","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-117-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-117-121","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Currently, the issue of preventing pollution of the hydrosphere by industrial wastewater, the use of new effective technologies for industrial water purification and its reuse in production is extremely acute. In this regard, the urgent tasks are the search and implementation of new methods of water treatment: innovative technologies, disinfection and desalination of water, methods of its reuse.Methods. The article proposes a new technology for water treatment – the cavitation effect on the flow is enhanced by the shock effect of a pressure surge, which makes it possible to suppress the vital activity of microorganisms in the water. On the basis of the developed workflow, its mathematical model and the author’s methodology, calculations were made for three hydrodynamic cavitation devices with a pressure jump in order to disintegrate sulfate-reducing bacteria in industrial waters.Results. In accordance with the terms of reference (nominal fluid flow Q, nominal absolute pressure before installation P1, allowable pressure drop on the device ΔP, nominal fluid temperature t, physical properties of the medium) based on the proposed working process of a hydrodynamic cavitation device that forms a supersonic flow with a transition to subsonic through a pressure jump, an appropriate mathematical model and an adequate technique, the regime and geometric parameters of three pilot samples of hydrodynamic cavitation devices designed to destructurize sulfate-reducing bacteria in industrial waters were calculated. In order to form a supersonic flow in the installation under sufficiently strict conditions for ensuring permissible pressure drops, a nozzle was profiled with a minimum drag coefficient along the Vitashinsky curve. Industrial testing of cavitation devices showed good convergence of theoretical and experimental data: the suppression of bacteria was carried out by 80–100%.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-70-75
O. P. Neverova, O. Gorelik, S. Kharlap, M. Rebezov, O. V. Zinina, O. V. Chepushtanova, E. V. Alexandrina, E. P. Neverova
Relevance. The aim of the work is to study the effect of the biotechnological additive (dietary supplement) «Ares» in the cultivation of broiler chickens on their weight growth.Methodology. Scientific and production experience was carried out in the conditions of the poultry workshop of the educational and experimental farm of the Ural State Agrarian University on the poultry of the «Coob 500» cross. In all experiments, the control group›s poultry received a general household ration, the 1st experimental was given «Ares» additive in water in the amount of 150 g/t, the 2nd experimental was given «Ares» additive in feed in the amount of 300 g/t.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that all chickens (regardless of the group) increased their live weight with age, reaching 2632–2880 g by the end of cultivation, which meets the requirements of the cross standard. The highest live weight was obtained in the 2nd experimental group, where dietary supplements «Ares» were used in dry form in the amount of 300 g per 1 ton of compound feed. Absolute growth increases with age, which is most likely due to the increase in linear and volumetric sizes of chickens and their ability to increase feed intake. Over the entire growing period, their live weight increased 68.7, 67.2 and 73.8 times. The best indicators were in the group of chickens that additionally received 300 g/t of «Ares» dietary supplement feed. Starting from the 7th day, they had an excess of absolute growth indicators over chickens from other groups. The use of an additive in the form of a solution with a dose of 150 g per 1 ton of water showed a decrease in absolute growth over the entire growing period. The peculiarities of weight growth in broiler chickens receiving dietary supplements «Ares» were established, and the growth of broiler chickens itself followed the general biological patterns of growth and development.
{"title":"Influence of a biotechnological additive on the weight growth of broiler chickens","authors":"O. P. Neverova, O. Gorelik, S. Kharlap, M. Rebezov, O. V. Zinina, O. V. Chepushtanova, E. V. Alexandrina, E. P. Neverova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-70-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-70-75","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The aim of the work is to study the effect of the biotechnological additive (dietary supplement) «Ares» in the cultivation of broiler chickens on their weight growth.Methodology. Scientific and production experience was carried out in the conditions of the poultry workshop of the educational and experimental farm of the Ural State Agrarian University on the poultry of the «Coob 500» cross. In all experiments, the control group›s poultry received a general household ration, the 1st experimental was given «Ares» additive in water in the amount of 150 g/t, the 2nd experimental was given «Ares» additive in feed in the amount of 300 g/t.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that all chickens (regardless of the group) increased their live weight with age, reaching 2632–2880 g by the end of cultivation, which meets the requirements of the cross standard. The highest live weight was obtained in the 2nd experimental group, where dietary supplements «Ares» were used in dry form in the amount of 300 g per 1 ton of compound feed. Absolute growth increases with age, which is most likely due to the increase in linear and volumetric sizes of chickens and their ability to increase feed intake. Over the entire growing period, their live weight increased 68.7, 67.2 and 73.8 times. The best indicators were in the group of chickens that additionally received 300 g/t of «Ares» dietary supplement feed. Starting from the 7th day, they had an excess of absolute growth indicators over chickens from other groups. The use of an additive in the form of a solution with a dose of 150 g per 1 ton of water showed a decrease in absolute growth over the entire growing period. The peculiarities of weight growth in broiler chickens receiving dietary supplements «Ares» were established, and the growth of broiler chickens itself followed the general biological patterns of growth and development.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-82-87
S. Gritsenko, O. Belookova, M. Rebezov, Yu. Yu. Vidyakin
The article presents the indicators of slaughter and the chemical composition of the industrial poultry flock of the meat direction of productivity in different age periods, depending on the body weight of the bird at the daily age. A general trend of a slight positive effect of the gradation of chicks by live weight at day old on the indicators of slaughter and the chemical composition of meat was revealed. It has been established that more valuable components of the carcass (breast, drumstick, thigh, wing) are obtained from birds with a higher weight at the day-old age. Indices of the chemical composition of the components of the carcass by groups in most cases did not differ significantly, with the exception of the content of phosphorus and iron.
{"title":"Indicators of slaughter and chemical composition of meat of commercial young meat poultry depending on live weight at daily age","authors":"S. Gritsenko, O. Belookova, M. Rebezov, Yu. Yu. Vidyakin","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-82-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-82-87","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the indicators of slaughter and the chemical composition of the industrial poultry flock of the meat direction of productivity in different age periods, depending on the body weight of the bird at the daily age. A general trend of a slight positive effect of the gradation of chicks by live weight at day old on the indicators of slaughter and the chemical composition of meat was revealed. It has been established that more valuable components of the carcass (breast, drumstick, thigh, wing) are obtained from birds with a higher weight at the day-old age. Indices of the chemical composition of the components of the carcass by groups in most cases did not differ significantly, with the exception of the content of phosphorus and iron.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-102-106
A. S. Zeynalov, D. Orel
Relevance. Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a dominant pest that annually causes significant damage to apple crops. Without a detailed study of the bioecological features of the development of the phytophage in specific study areas, which have undergone noticeable changes under the influence of global warming, it is impossible to build an effective protection system and ensure their environmental safety.Methods. The object of research is C. pomonella. When studying the age gradation and timing of the presence of caterpillars in fallen fruits, conventional and original methods were used; the width of the caterpillar head capsule was measured under an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope using eyepieces with microscopic rulers. The study of the influence of the photoperiod on the behavior of C. pomonella under short day conditions was carried out in the laboratory in special containers, under natural light and at room temperature (about 21 °C).Results. Studies have shown that not all C. pomonella caterpillars leave fallen fruits within a maximum of one day. After three days of selection and analysis of fallen damaged fruits, caterpillars were found in 34.6–35.5% of them: 18.3–28.3% – age V, 18.3–30.2% – age IV, 28.3–47.9% – III age, 13.2–14.1% – II age, 1.4% – I age. In the laboratory, under short day conditions, according to the years of research, during October – November, 20–21.4% of butterflies flew out of the number of caterpillars of the last age that did not have time to form cocoons in the field.
相关性。苹果蠹蛾（鳞翅目：蓟马科）是一种主要害虫，每年都会对苹果作物造成严重危害。在全球变暖的影响下，特定研究区域的生物生态环境发生了明显变化，如果不对这些区域的植食性害虫发展特点进行详细研究，就不可能建立有效的保护系统并确保其环境安全。研究对象是 C. pomonella。在研究落果中毛虫的年龄分级和出现时间时，使用了传统和独创的方法；在 MBS-10 型立体显微镜下使用带显微尺的目镜测量毛虫头囊的宽度。在实验室的特殊容器中，在自然光和室温（约 21 °C）条件下，研究了光周期对短日照条件下 C. pomonella 行为的影响。研究表明，并非所有的 C. pomonella 毛虫都能在最多一天内离开掉落的果实。经过三天对受损落果的挑选和分析，在 34.6%-35.5%的落果中发现了毛虫：18.3-28.3% - 五龄，18.3-30.2% - 四龄，28.3-47.9% - 三龄，13.2-14.1% - 二龄，1.4% - 一龄。在实验室中，在短日照条件下，根据多年的研究结果，10 月至 11 月间，在田间来不及结茧的末龄毛虫中，有 20-21.4% 的蝴蝶飞了出来。
{"title":"Some features of the bioecology of the apple moth Cydia pomonella L. in the conditions of the Moscow region","authors":"A. S. Zeynalov, D. Orel","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-102-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-102-106","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a dominant pest that annually causes significant damage to apple crops. Without a detailed study of the bioecological features of the development of the phytophage in specific study areas, which have undergone noticeable changes under the influence of global warming, it is impossible to build an effective protection system and ensure their environmental safety.Methods. The object of research is C. pomonella. When studying the age gradation and timing of the presence of caterpillars in fallen fruits, conventional and original methods were used; the width of the caterpillar head capsule was measured under an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope using eyepieces with microscopic rulers. The study of the influence of the photoperiod on the behavior of C. pomonella under short day conditions was carried out in the laboratory in special containers, under natural light and at room temperature (about 21 °C).Results. Studies have shown that not all C. pomonella caterpillars leave fallen fruits within a maximum of one day. After three days of selection and analysis of fallen damaged fruits, caterpillars were found in 34.6–35.5% of them: 18.3–28.3% – age V, 18.3–30.2% – age IV, 28.3–47.9% – III age, 13.2–14.1% – II age, 1.4% – I age. In the laboratory, under short day conditions, according to the years of research, during October – November, 20–21.4% of butterflies flew out of the number of caterpillars of the last age that did not have time to form cocoons in the field.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"291 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-107-111
G. E. Osipov, N. V. Petrova, A. A. Karpova
Relevance. The Republic of Tatarstan is located in the zone of risky fruit growing. In winter, frosts below -35 °C, thaws are not uncommon here, in spring during flowering – frosts, in summer – hot and dry weather. During the growing season, diseases are widespread – scab, moniliosis, pests – flower beetles, aphids, codling moths. All these factors negatively affect the yield and quality of fruits of apple varieties. To increase the production of apple fruits in the Republic of Tatarstan, new high-yielding varieties of apple trees, adaptive to abiotic and biotic stressors, with fruits of good taste, high content of nutrients and biologically active substances, and long shelf life, are needed.Methods. The purpose of the research is the biological and economic evaluation of the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Winter hardiness, productivity, yield, scab susceptibility of apple varieties, damage by aphids, fruit taste and economic efficiency were evaluated according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding.Results. Average for 2019–2022 in the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 3 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.6 points, productivity – 12.9 kg, yield – 5, 2 t/ha, fruit taste – 4.3 points, profit per 1 ha of orchard – 7.4 thousand rubles, profitability level – 10.5%. In the standard apple variety Antonovka ordinary, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 2.6 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.9 points, productivity – 10.3 kg, yield – 4.1 t/ha, fruit taste – 3.9 points.
{"title":"Biological and economic features of the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya","authors":"G. E. Osipov, N. V. Petrova, A. A. Karpova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-107-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-107-111","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The Republic of Tatarstan is located in the zone of risky fruit growing. In winter, frosts below -35 °C, thaws are not uncommon here, in spring during flowering – frosts, in summer – hot and dry weather. During the growing season, diseases are widespread – scab, moniliosis, pests – flower beetles, aphids, codling moths. All these factors negatively affect the yield and quality of fruits of apple varieties. To increase the production of apple fruits in the Republic of Tatarstan, new high-yielding varieties of apple trees, adaptive to abiotic and biotic stressors, with fruits of good taste, high content of nutrients and biologically active substances, and long shelf life, are needed.Methods. The purpose of the research is the biological and economic evaluation of the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Winter hardiness, productivity, yield, scab susceptibility of apple varieties, damage by aphids, fruit taste and economic efficiency were evaluated according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding.Results. Average for 2019–2022 in the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 3 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.6 points, productivity – 12.9 kg, yield – 5, 2 t/ha, fruit taste – 4.3 points, profit per 1 ha of orchard – 7.4 thousand rubles, profitability level – 10.5%. In the standard apple variety Antonovka ordinary, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 2.6 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.9 points, productivity – 10.3 kg, yield – 4.1 t/ha, fruit taste – 3.9 points.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"18 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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