Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-50-56
P. Shastin, E. Yakimova, A. V. Supova, V. Savinov, E. G. Ezhova, A. Khabarova, A. I. Laishevtsev
Relevance. The problem of listeriosis infection continues to be relevant in epizootology and epidemiology. Resistance to eradication of Listeria spp. due to the ability of the bacterium to adapt and persist in various environments, as well as its intracellular location and weak intracellular diffusion of some antibiotics. Listeriosis refers to saprozoonoses, listeria often seed food products. As a pathogen of animal origin, Listeria is of concern not only from the point of view of public health and biosafety of products, but also as a causative agent of animal disease, leading to serious economic losses. The haphazard use of antibiotics to combat listeriosis has led to a change in the background of drug sensitivity. The aim of the work was to determine the antibiotic resistance of topical listeria strains and their sensitivity to bacteriophages to substantiate the prospects of phage treatments in the fight against listeriosis infection.Methods. The methodology is based on routine bacteriological studies, spot tests and sensitivity determination by the disco-diffusion method with 132 Listeria spp pathogens.Results. Multiple antibiotic resistance to fosfomycin, meropenem, cefotaxime, bacitracin, tylosin, cephalexin, polymyxin-B, lincomycin, benzylpenicillin, cefpirom, cefaclor and other drugs was noted. Listeria phagolysis was established by bacteriophages of our collection Lm1 (97.70%), Lm2 (96.20%). These bacteriophages are deposited in the collection of the Federal Scientific Centre VIEV. Thus, the aim of the study was to expand knowledge about listeriosis bacteriophages and their use as an effective method of prevention, treatment and control of listeriosis infections in the food and livestock industry.
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and phage sensitivity of topical listeriosis pathogens","authors":"P. Shastin, E. Yakimova, A. V. Supova, V. Savinov, E. G. Ezhova, A. Khabarova, A. I. Laishevtsev","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-50-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-50-56","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The problem of listeriosis infection continues to be relevant in epizootology and epidemiology. Resistance to eradication of Listeria spp. due to the ability of the bacterium to adapt and persist in various environments, as well as its intracellular location and weak intracellular diffusion of some antibiotics. Listeriosis refers to saprozoonoses, listeria often seed food products. As a pathogen of animal origin, Listeria is of concern not only from the point of view of public health and biosafety of products, but also as a causative agent of animal disease, leading to serious economic losses. The haphazard use of antibiotics to combat listeriosis has led to a change in the background of drug sensitivity. The aim of the work was to determine the antibiotic resistance of topical listeria strains and their sensitivity to bacteriophages to substantiate the prospects of phage treatments in the fight against listeriosis infection.Methods. The methodology is based on routine bacteriological studies, spot tests and sensitivity determination by the disco-diffusion method with 132 Listeria spp pathogens.Results. Multiple antibiotic resistance to fosfomycin, meropenem, cefotaxime, bacitracin, tylosin, cephalexin, polymyxin-B, lincomycin, benzylpenicillin, cefpirom, cefaclor and other drugs was noted. Listeria phagolysis was established by bacteriophages of our collection Lm1 (97.70%), Lm2 (96.20%). These bacteriophages are deposited in the collection of the Federal Scientific Centre VIEV. Thus, the aim of the study was to expand knowledge about listeriosis bacteriophages and their use as an effective method of prevention, treatment and control of listeriosis infections in the food and livestock industry.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-149-156
N. Iakovchenko, M. Antsyperova
Relevance. It is worth noting that consumers’ awareness of the environmental burden that milk production carries continues to grow. Consumers are looking for alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and have high nutritional value. The demand for plant-based products is increasing for various reasons, namely, 65% of the world’s population has a reduced ability to digest lactose and 6% of the population is allergic to milk protein. According to statistics, 49% of women and 36.6% of men experience symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Soybeans are one of the most widely grown and consumed legumes worldwide. Thus, the development of new plant-based fermented products is a particularly actual issue.Methods. The objects of study were soybean dispersion and microorganisms Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium. The quality indicators of the resulting soy dispersion were determined. The process of acid accumulation during fermentation with probiotic microorganisms were studied. Data on the accumulation of bacterial biomass during the fermentation process were obtained and the effect of the use of selected starter microorganisms on the change in the antioxidant status of fermented dispersions during storage were investigated.Results. Research results showed that soybean dispersion is a good substrate to produce fermented beverages using Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium microorganisms. The most rapid process occurs when L. bulgaricus and P. schermanii KM-186 are used and the fermentation lasted for 6 hours. All selected strains adapt well to the plant-based media, but the greatest increase in biomass occurs during fermentation with L. bulgaricus, B. longum B379M and B. bifidum. Lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria provide high and stable levels of antioxidant activity on both the 1st and 6th and 12th days of storage.
{"title":"Perspective of probiotic bacteria in the production of soy-based fermented products","authors":"N. Iakovchenko, M. Antsyperova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-149-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-149-156","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. It is worth noting that consumers’ awareness of the environmental burden that milk production carries continues to grow. Consumers are looking for alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and have high nutritional value. The demand for plant-based products is increasing for various reasons, namely, 65% of the world’s population has a reduced ability to digest lactose and 6% of the population is allergic to milk protein. According to statistics, 49% of women and 36.6% of men experience symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Soybeans are one of the most widely grown and consumed legumes worldwide. Thus, the development of new plant-based fermented products is a particularly actual issue.Methods. The objects of study were soybean dispersion and microorganisms Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium. The quality indicators of the resulting soy dispersion were determined. The process of acid accumulation during fermentation with probiotic microorganisms were studied. Data on the accumulation of bacterial biomass during the fermentation process were obtained and the effect of the use of selected starter microorganisms on the change in the antioxidant status of fermented dispersions during storage were investigated.Results. Research results showed that soybean dispersion is a good substrate to produce fermented beverages using Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium microorganisms. The most rapid process occurs when L. bulgaricus and P. schermanii KM-186 are used and the fermentation lasted for 6 hours. All selected strains adapt well to the plant-based media, but the greatest increase in biomass occurs during fermentation with L. bulgaricus, B. longum B379M and B. bifidum. Lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria provide high and stable levels of antioxidant activity on both the 1st and 6th and 12th days of storage.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" 59","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-57-61
V. Mikhailova, T. Lobova, M. Shishkina, A. Skvortsova, S. V. Zyuzgina, O. E. Zinovieva
Relevance. Animal chlamydia is widespread throughout the world. Chlamydia infection affects animals, birds, fish, reptiles, as well as humans. Causes significant economic damage to livestock farms. Difficulties in diagnosis are associated with pronounced polymorphism of clinical manifestations. According to the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2011 No. 476, chlamydia and enzootic abortion of sheep are included in the list of contagious, including especially dangerous, animal diseases, for which restrictive measures (quarantine) can be established. The purpose of our work is to analyze the epizootic situation for chlamydia in animals and birds on the territory of the Russian Federation for the period from 2019 to 2022.Methods. Based on the data obtained from official reports in the 4-vet (annual) form for 2019–2021, an analysis of the epizootic situation and the prevalence of chlamydia in animals and birds in the Russian Federation was carried out.Results. Epizootological monitoring is carried out in all subjects of the Russian Federation. For the period from 2019 to 2021, the State Veterinary Service examined 2 750 726 different biological and pathological materials. There were 11 970 positive results (0.4%) in all federal districts. The highest percentage of positive results was found among pets (dogs and cats). The most informative biological materials for testing for chlamydia are swabs from the mucous membranes and pathological material. The detection rate of positive results using PCR is higher than that of serological methods
{"title":"Review of the epizootic situation on chlamydia in animals and birds in the Russian Federation for the period from 2019 to 2021","authors":"V. Mikhailova, T. Lobova, M. Shishkina, A. Skvortsova, S. V. Zyuzgina, O. E. Zinovieva","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-57-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-57-61","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Animal chlamydia is widespread throughout the world. Chlamydia infection affects animals, birds, fish, reptiles, as well as humans. Causes significant economic damage to livestock farms. Difficulties in diagnosis are associated with pronounced polymorphism of clinical manifestations. According to the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2011 No. 476, chlamydia and enzootic abortion of sheep are included in the list of contagious, including especially dangerous, animal diseases, for which restrictive measures (quarantine) can be established. The purpose of our work is to analyze the epizootic situation for chlamydia in animals and birds on the territory of the Russian Federation for the period from 2019 to 2022.Methods. Based on the data obtained from official reports in the 4-vet (annual) form for 2019–2021, an analysis of the epizootic situation and the prevalence of chlamydia in animals and birds in the Russian Federation was carried out.Results. Epizootological monitoring is carried out in all subjects of the Russian Federation. For the period from 2019 to 2021, the State Veterinary Service examined 2 750 726 different biological and pathological materials. There were 11 970 positive results (0.4%) in all federal districts. The highest percentage of positive results was found among pets (dogs and cats). The most informative biological materials for testing for chlamydia are swabs from the mucous membranes and pathological material. The detection rate of positive results using PCR is higher than that of serological methods","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-141-148
G. Larionov, O. V. Kayukova, E. Yatrusheva
Relevance. Dairy processing enterprises are expanding the range of dairy products with the introduction of production of various cheeses. Small producers have also become active in cheese production. In 2023, the decrease in the price and demand for raw milk had a particularly strong impact on collective (farmer) and personal subsidiary farms. This caused the need for milk processing in rural conditions. Our research is aimed at developing technology for the production of ”Rossiysky” cheese for peasants and farms.Methods. The Kjeldahl method determined the mass fraction of protein, acid method — the mass fraction of fat, calculated — the mass fraction of dry matter and skimmed milk residue, ultrasonic — the mass fractions of milk fat, protein, lactose, milk powder, skimmed milk residue, the amount of added water, mineral salts, density, freezing point, temperature, by the express method — active acidity.Results. The chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of raw milk were studied in winter and spring. It was found that the mass fraction of fat in milk reaches 4.31–4.65%. Mass fraction of protein is 2.92–3.02%. The ratio of milk fat to protein is 1.48–1.54, with the recommended norm being 1.1–1.25. Changes were made to the technological scheme for the production of “Rossiysky” cheese, taking into account the characteristics of the quality of milk and the equipment used in the conditions of peasants and farms. To obtain milk with the required protein to fat ratio, the mixture was normalized. “Rossiysky” cheese was produced from normalized milk. The quality of cheese in terms of organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological indicators meets the requirements of regulatory documents.
{"title":"Reproduction of the technology for the production of “Rossiysky” cheese in laboratory conditions, depending on the quality of milk","authors":"G. Larionov, O. V. Kayukova, E. Yatrusheva","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-141-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-141-148","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Dairy processing enterprises are expanding the range of dairy products with the introduction of production of various cheeses. Small producers have also become active in cheese production. In 2023, the decrease in the price and demand for raw milk had a particularly strong impact on collective (farmer) and personal subsidiary farms. This caused the need for milk processing in rural conditions. Our research is aimed at developing technology for the production of ”Rossiysky” cheese for peasants and farms.Methods. The Kjeldahl method determined the mass fraction of protein, acid method — the mass fraction of fat, calculated — the mass fraction of dry matter and skimmed milk residue, ultrasonic — the mass fractions of milk fat, protein, lactose, milk powder, skimmed milk residue, the amount of added water, mineral salts, density, freezing point, temperature, by the express method — active acidity.Results. The chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of raw milk were studied in winter and spring. It was found that the mass fraction of fat in milk reaches 4.31–4.65%. Mass fraction of protein is 2.92–3.02%. The ratio of milk fat to protein is 1.48–1.54, with the recommended norm being 1.1–1.25. Changes were made to the technological scheme for the production of “Rossiysky” cheese, taking into account the characteristics of the quality of milk and the equipment used in the conditions of peasants and farms. To obtain milk with the required protein to fat ratio, the mixture was normalized. “Rossiysky” cheese was produced from normalized milk. The quality of cheese in terms of organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological indicators meets the requirements of regulatory documents.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-62-65
S. Abdulmagomedov, R. M. Bakrieva
Relevance. In the Caspian region of Russia, blood parasitic diseases are one of the most common diseases of cattle, which cause significant economic damage to livestock farms due to reduced productivity and death of animals. According to natural and climatic conditions and zonal features, the Republic of Dagestan is a favorable habitat for ixodic mites, the main carriers of pyroplasmidosis pathogens, in particular Theileria annulata. In spring, cattle with impaired resistance, weakened after wintering, are seriously ill with pyroplasmidosis, especially teileriosis, after getting over the gum, rumination, intestinal work, milk yield, and general reaction to the environment recover to physiological norm for a long time. In this regard, further improvement of existing and the search for new methods that ensure maximum conservation of animals from these invasions, with minimal effort and money, remains an urgent task. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of “Delagil” in the combined use of “Ursoferanforte” in spontaneous bovine taileriosis.Methods. Methods for determining therapeutic efficacy were formed by experimental and control groups of 30 heads of different ages with spontaneous tayleriosis in varying degrees of severity of the disease with a temperature reaction within 40.4 ± 0.03 — 41.5 ± 0.09 °C, parasitemia — 5.47 ± 0.3 — 25.18 ± 0.31% in 100 fields of view of the microscope. In the control group, “Delagil” was used in its pure form at a dose of 2 g / 100 kg (20 mg / kg by DV) (orally) with water in the form of a suspension. In the experimental group, treatment was carried out comprehensively — “Delagil” in the indicated doses in combination with the drug “Ursoferan-forte” in a dose of 10–25 ml (once, intramuscularly).Results. The use of antimalarial “Delagil” in combination with the drug “Ursoferan-forte” (in combination) increases the effectiveness to 93.3% and avoids significant economic losses. Currently, the safety of susceptible animals from teileriosis is becoming possible with the combined use of chemotherapeutic drugs.
{"title":"The use of vitamin complex in combination with chemotherapy in theileriosis of cattle","authors":"S. Abdulmagomedov, R. M. Bakrieva","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-62-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-62-65","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In the Caspian region of Russia, blood parasitic diseases are one of the most common diseases of cattle, which cause significant economic damage to livestock farms due to reduced productivity and death of animals. According to natural and climatic conditions and zonal features, the Republic of Dagestan is a favorable habitat for ixodic mites, the main carriers of pyroplasmidosis pathogens, in particular Theileria annulata. In spring, cattle with impaired resistance, weakened after wintering, are seriously ill with pyroplasmidosis, especially teileriosis, after getting over the gum, rumination, intestinal work, milk yield, and general reaction to the environment recover to physiological norm for a long time. In this regard, further improvement of existing and the search for new methods that ensure maximum conservation of animals from these invasions, with minimal effort and money, remains an urgent task. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of “Delagil” in the combined use of “Ursoferanforte” in spontaneous bovine taileriosis.Methods. Methods for determining therapeutic efficacy were formed by experimental and control groups of 30 heads of different ages with spontaneous tayleriosis in varying degrees of severity of the disease with a temperature reaction within 40.4 ± 0.03 — 41.5 ± 0.09 °C, parasitemia — 5.47 ± 0.3 — 25.18 ± 0.31% in 100 fields of view of the microscope. In the control group, “Delagil” was used in its pure form at a dose of 2 g / 100 kg (20 mg / kg by DV) (orally) with water in the form of a suspension. In the experimental group, treatment was carried out comprehensively — “Delagil” in the indicated doses in combination with the drug “Ursoferan-forte” in a dose of 10–25 ml (once, intramuscularly).Results. The use of antimalarial “Delagil” in combination with the drug “Ursoferan-forte” (in combination) increases the effectiveness to 93.3% and avoids significant economic losses. Currently, the safety of susceptible animals from teileriosis is becoming possible with the combined use of chemotherapeutic drugs.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-85-91
D. Tiurina, E. P. Gorfunkel, V. Filippova, G. Laptev, N. I. Novikova, E. Yildirim, L. A. Ilyina, A. V. Dubrovin, A. S. Dubrovina, K. A. Kalitkina, V. A. Zaikin, E. S. Ponomareva, A. A. Savicheva, N. S. Patyukova
Relevance. The broad use of antimicrobials by agriculture and consumers motivation to buy antibiotic-free production form a basis to development of substitutes to antimicrobials. The goal of research was the analysis of antimicrobial resistance caused by veterinary antimicrobials administration to broilers, as well as the effect of metaprobiotic “Probiocid-Ultra” on antimicrobial resistance in dynamic.Methods. Three groups of broiler chickens were formed: I — control, who received the main diet, II — experimental, who received veterinary antibiotics enrofloxacin and colistin in addition to the diet of group I, III — experimental, who received the metaprobiotic “Probiocide-Ultra” in addition to the diet of group II. Gene expression analysis was performed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. With inoculation to different media the antimicrobial resistance was examined with classical microbiological methods.Results. The dynamic of accumulation of antimicrobial resistance determinants caused by enrofloxacin and colistin administration to broilers was examined. Under the influence of enrofloxacin the increase in antimicrobial resistance to enrofloxacin itself, as well as to beta-lactams, tetracycline and colistin was observed. Under the influence of colistin the increase in antimicrobial resistance to colistin itself, as well as to enrofloxacin and beta-lactams was observed. The feed administration with metaprobiotic “Probiocid-Ultra” promoted noticeable decrease of the antimicrobial resistance genes amount, when analyzed with growth medium led to antimicrobial resistant enterobacteria vanished.
相关性。农业对抗菌剂的广泛使用和消费者购买无抗生素产品的动机为开发抗菌剂替代品奠定了基础。研究的目的是分析肉鸡使用兽用抗菌药导致的抗菌素耐药性，以及元生素 "Probiocid-Ultra "对动态抗菌素耐药性的影响。方法：将肉鸡分为三组：I 组--对照组，使用主食；II 组--实验组，除了 I 组的主食外，还使用兽用抗生素恩诺沙星和可乐定；III 组--实验组，除了 II 组的主食外，还使用元生素 "Probiocide-Ultra"。基因表达分析采用反转录定量 PCR 技术进行。接种到不同的培养基后，用传统的微生物学方法检测了抗菌性。对肉鸡使用恩诺沙星和可乐定引起的抗菌素耐药性决定因子积累的动态进行了研究。在恩诺沙星的影响下，观察到对恩诺沙星本身以及β-内酰胺类、四环素和可乐定的耐药性增加。在秋水仙素的影响下，观察到对秋水仙素本身以及对恩诺沙星和β-内酰胺类药物的抗菌性增加。在饲料中添加元生素 "Probiocid-Ultra "后，抗菌素耐药性基因数量明显减少，在使用生长培养基进行分析后，抗菌素耐药性肠杆菌消失了。
{"title":"The development of antimicrobial resistance in broilers affected by veterinary antimicrobials and a probiotic administration","authors":"D. Tiurina, E. P. Gorfunkel, V. Filippova, G. Laptev, N. I. Novikova, E. Yildirim, L. A. Ilyina, A. V. Dubrovin, A. S. Dubrovina, K. A. Kalitkina, V. A. Zaikin, E. S. Ponomareva, A. A. Savicheva, N. S. Patyukova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-85-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-85-91","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The broad use of antimicrobials by agriculture and consumers motivation to buy antibiotic-free production form a basis to development of substitutes to antimicrobials. The goal of research was the analysis of antimicrobial resistance caused by veterinary antimicrobials administration to broilers, as well as the effect of metaprobiotic “Probiocid-Ultra” on antimicrobial resistance in dynamic.Methods. Three groups of broiler chickens were formed: I — control, who received the main diet, II — experimental, who received veterinary antibiotics enrofloxacin and colistin in addition to the diet of group I, III — experimental, who received the metaprobiotic “Probiocide-Ultra” in addition to the diet of group II. Gene expression analysis was performed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. With inoculation to different media the antimicrobial resistance was examined with classical microbiological methods.Results. The dynamic of accumulation of antimicrobial resistance determinants caused by enrofloxacin and colistin administration to broilers was examined. Under the influence of enrofloxacin the increase in antimicrobial resistance to enrofloxacin itself, as well as to beta-lactams, tetracycline and colistin was observed. Under the influence of colistin the increase in antimicrobial resistance to colistin itself, as well as to enrofloxacin and beta-lactams was observed. The feed administration with metaprobiotic “Probiocid-Ultra” promoted noticeable decrease of the antimicrobial resistance genes amount, when analyzed with growth medium led to antimicrobial resistant enterobacteria vanished.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" August","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-109-113
S. N. Potsepai, L. N. Anishchenko, M. V. Semyshev, P. P. Atroshenko
Relevance. Natural meadow communities, belonging to the dry meadows group, in the conditions of a decrease in floodplain of the leading water artery in the Bryansk region — the Desna River are characterized by significant changes in the mode of economic use. However, a significant part of dry meadows is used as pasture lands, so the regime of intensive exploitation of these lands significantly changes the ecological regimes of phytocenoses, reducing the carbon-depositing functions. For xerophytic (dry) meadows of natural origin, the establishment of soil carbon reserves, the identification of biochemical and microbiological activity is especially important in the light of the low stability of these communities under pasture load and wide distribution throughout the territory of the Middle Podesen’ya.Methods. The research provided for field route studies and in-house data processing using the methods of trial sites, the method of ecological and floral classification, the method of ecological scales (according to G. Ellenberg), ecological and chemical methods — determination of organic carbon, the weight method, biochemical and microbiological methods for the study of the biocompatible body.Results. For the soils of xerophytic (dry) meadows, for the first time, carbon-absorbing capacity, enzymatic activity for urease, catalase, cellulase, depending on the phytocenotic complex, has been established for the Middle Podesen’ya. A positive strong correlation has been established with organic carbon and average monthly precipitation in June, July and August. Over a two-year observation period, the amount of total organic carbon in the soil changed in a number of associations communities: Festuco ovinae-Koelerium delavignei > control > Agrimonio eupatoriae-Poetum angustifoliae > Caro carvi-Deschampsietum > Anthoxantho-Agrostietum tenuis > Hieracio pilosellae-Agrostietum tenuis > Koelerio delavignei-Festucetum rubrae > Anthyllidi-Trifolietum montani > Polygalo vulgaris-Anthoxanthoetum.
{"title":"Soils of xerophytic meadows of the Middle Podesen’ya: on the issues of accumulation of organic substances and biochemical activity","authors":"S. N. Potsepai, L. N. Anishchenko, M. V. Semyshev, P. P. Atroshenko","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-109-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-109-113","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Natural meadow communities, belonging to the dry meadows group, in the conditions of a decrease in floodplain of the leading water artery in the Bryansk region — the Desna River are characterized by significant changes in the mode of economic use. However, a significant part of dry meadows is used as pasture lands, so the regime of intensive exploitation of these lands significantly changes the ecological regimes of phytocenoses, reducing the carbon-depositing functions. For xerophytic (dry) meadows of natural origin, the establishment of soil carbon reserves, the identification of biochemical and microbiological activity is especially important in the light of the low stability of these communities under pasture load and wide distribution throughout the territory of the Middle Podesen’ya.Methods. The research provided for field route studies and in-house data processing using the methods of trial sites, the method of ecological and floral classification, the method of ecological scales (according to G. Ellenberg), ecological and chemical methods — determination of organic carbon, the weight method, biochemical and microbiological methods for the study of the biocompatible body.Results. For the soils of xerophytic (dry) meadows, for the first time, carbon-absorbing capacity, enzymatic activity for urease, catalase, cellulase, depending on the phytocenotic complex, has been established for the Middle Podesen’ya. A positive strong correlation has been established with organic carbon and average monthly precipitation in June, July and August. Over a two-year observation period, the amount of total organic carbon in the soil changed in a number of associations communities: Festuco ovinae-Koelerium delavignei > control > Agrimonio eupatoriae-Poetum angustifoliae > Caro carvi-Deschampsietum > Anthoxantho-Agrostietum tenuis > Hieracio pilosellae-Agrostietum tenuis > Koelerio delavignei-Festucetum rubrae > Anthyllidi-Trifolietum montani > Polygalo vulgaris-Anthoxanthoetum.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"112 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-80-84
A. N. Ilyashenko
Relevance. The use of probiotics for health benefits is becoming popular because of the quest for safer products with protective and therapeutic effects against diseases and infectious agents. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens had prompted restrictions over the nontherapeutic use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and growth promotion, especially in animal husbandry. While single-strain probiotics are beneficial to health, multi-strain probiotics might be more helpful because of synergy and additive effects among the individual isolates.Methods. In this study, the effectiveness of the multi-strain probiotic Natupro on pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli 320, Salmonella typhimurium 415, Staphylococcus aureus 12600, Streptococcus uberis 700407, Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883, Listeria monocitogenes 766/20) in vitro was studied.Results. According to the results of the work carried out, it was found that the bacterial strains in Natupro® exhibit lytic activity against pathogenic strains of Salmonella typhimurium 415 and Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883 and have a bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli strain 320 and Salmonella typhimurium 415.
{"title":"The effect of Bacillus in the composition of the probiotic Natupro® against bacterial pathogenic strains in vitro","authors":"A. N. Ilyashenko","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-80-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-80-84","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The use of probiotics for health benefits is becoming popular because of the quest for safer products with protective and therapeutic effects against diseases and infectious agents. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens had prompted restrictions over the nontherapeutic use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and growth promotion, especially in animal husbandry. While single-strain probiotics are beneficial to health, multi-strain probiotics might be more helpful because of synergy and additive effects among the individual isolates.Methods. In this study, the effectiveness of the multi-strain probiotic Natupro on pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli 320, Salmonella typhimurium 415, Staphylococcus aureus 12600, Streptococcus uberis 700407, Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883, Listeria monocitogenes 766/20) in vitro was studied.Results. According to the results of the work carried out, it was found that the bacterial strains in Natupro® exhibit lytic activity against pathogenic strains of Salmonella typhimurium 415 and Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883 and have a bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli strain 320 and Salmonella typhimurium 415.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" 1166","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-92-97
P. Kanev, O. Gorelik, S. Kharlap, A. Gorelik, M. Rebezov
Relevance. Currently, in the Sverdlovsk region, more than 75% of the total number of cattle belongs to the Holstein breed, created by absorbing domestic black-and-white cattle into Holsteins. The study of the variability of the productive qualities of cows during lactation is important for identifying the possibility of increasing productive longevity and the efficiency of breeding and using Holstein cattle of the Ural selection in the conditions of the Middle Urals.Methods. The study was conducted in one of the typical livestock complexes of the Holstein black-and white cattle breed in the Sverdlovsk region. All cows that completed four lactation periods were included in the assessment. Milk productivity was assessed by control milks, milk quality indicators: MJ and MDB in milk in an average milk sample from each cow, once a month correlation coefficients between productive characteristics were calculated in the Uralplemcenter dairy laboratory. The automated program “SELEX. Dairy cattle.”Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that significantly more milk was produced from age-and-sex cows during the third lactation than during the first and second, as well as the fourth lactation (p ≤ 0.01 — for the first, p ≤ 0.05 — for the second and fourth). The live weight significantly increased with age in the second lactation at p ≤ 0.01 relative to the first, and from the third onwards — at p ≤ 0.001 relative to the first lactation. There is a tendency to decrease the mass fraction of fat (MJ) in milk and a simultaneous increase in MDB with age from the first to the fourth lactation. When carrying out breeding work, it is possible to take into account the positive correlation coefficients for predicting the further milk productivity of cows according to the milk yield of the first heifers, the invariance of milk quality indicators with changes in milk yield and the positive effect of live weight of cows on their productivity. The research is exploratory and was carried out within the framework of scientific research of the Ural State Agrarian University (state registration No. AAAA19-1191014000069).
相关性。目前，在斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区，超过 75% 的牛属于荷斯坦品种，该品种是将国内黑白牛吸收到荷斯坦牛中而形成的。研究奶牛泌乳期生产品质的变异性对于确定在乌拉尔中部条件下提高生产寿命的可能性以及乌拉尔选育荷斯坦牛的繁殖和使用效率非常重要。这项研究是在斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区一个典型的荷斯坦黑白牛品种畜牧综合体中进行的。所有完成四个泌乳期的奶牛都被纳入评估范围。牛奶生产率通过对照牛奶、牛奶质量指标进行评估：每月一次在 Uralplemcenter 乳制品实验室计算生产特性之间的相关系数。自动程序 "SELEX.结果。研究发现，不同年龄和性别的奶牛在第三个泌乳期的产奶量明显高于第一个、第二个和第四个泌乳期（第一个泌乳期 p ≤ 0.01，第二个和第四个泌乳期 p ≤ 0.05）。在第二个泌乳期，活重随年龄的增长而明显增加，与第一个泌乳期相比，p ≤ 0.01；从第三个泌乳期开始，与第一个泌乳期相比，p ≤ 0.001。从第一个泌乳期到第四个泌乳期，牛奶中脂肪的质量分数（MJ）呈下降趋势，同时MDB随着年龄的增长而增加。在进行育种工作时，可以考虑根据头胎母牛的产奶量预测奶牛今后的产奶量的正相关系数、牛奶质量指标与产奶量变化的不变性以及奶牛活重对其生产率的积极影响。该研究为探索性研究，在乌拉尔国立农业大学（国家注册号：AAA19-1191014000069）科学研究框架内进行。
{"title":"The conjugation of productive features of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed","authors":"P. Kanev, O. Gorelik, S. Kharlap, A. Gorelik, M. Rebezov","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-92-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-92-97","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Currently, in the Sverdlovsk region, more than 75% of the total number of cattle belongs to the Holstein breed, created by absorbing domestic black-and-white cattle into Holsteins. The study of the variability of the productive qualities of cows during lactation is important for identifying the possibility of increasing productive longevity and the efficiency of breeding and using Holstein cattle of the Ural selection in the conditions of the Middle Urals.Methods. The study was conducted in one of the typical livestock complexes of the Holstein black-and white cattle breed in the Sverdlovsk region. All cows that completed four lactation periods were included in the assessment. Milk productivity was assessed by control milks, milk quality indicators: MJ and MDB in milk in an average milk sample from each cow, once a month correlation coefficients between productive characteristics were calculated in the Uralplemcenter dairy laboratory. The automated program “SELEX. Dairy cattle.”Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that significantly more milk was produced from age-and-sex cows during the third lactation than during the first and second, as well as the fourth lactation (p ≤ 0.01 — for the first, p ≤ 0.05 — for the second and fourth). The live weight significantly increased with age in the second lactation at p ≤ 0.01 relative to the first, and from the third onwards — at p ≤ 0.001 relative to the first lactation. There is a tendency to decrease the mass fraction of fat (MJ) in milk and a simultaneous increase in MDB with age from the first to the fourth lactation. When carrying out breeding work, it is possible to take into account the positive correlation coefficients for predicting the further milk productivity of cows according to the milk yield of the first heifers, the invariance of milk quality indicators with changes in milk yield and the positive effect of live weight of cows on their productivity. The research is exploratory and was carried out within the framework of scientific research of the Ural State Agrarian University (state registration No. AAAA19-1191014000069).","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" June","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-98-103
V. Kosilov, Y. Yuldashbaev, E. A. Nikonova, I. Rakhimzhanova, R. G. Kalyakina, M. N. Dolgaya
Relevance. The results of a study of the consumption and use of dietary nutrients by purebred and crossbred rams are presented.Methodology. To conduct the study, experimental groups of rams were formed from newborn young animals: I— Romanovskaya breed, II— 1/2Romanovskaya × 1/2edilbai, III— × 1/4Romanovskaya × 3/4edilbai. To study the consumption and use of nutrients in the diet, a balance experiment was carried out using the VIZh method (A.I. Ovsyannikov, 1976).Results. It has been established that crossbred young animals consume and use the nutrients of the diet most intensively. It is enough to note that the coefficient of digestibility of nutrients by young animals of the experimental group III was higher than by young animals of groups I and II, on average by 0.3–1.75. The results obtained indicate that crossbred young animals of groups II and III made better use of dietary nutrients than purebred peers. At the same time, crossbred young animals of group III were characterized by a better ability to digest nutrients in diets.
相关性。本文介绍了一项关于纯种公羊和杂交公羊消耗和利用日粮营养的研究结果。为进行研究，从新生幼畜中挑选公羊组成实验组：I组为罗曼诺夫斯卡娅品种，II组为1/2罗曼诺夫斯卡娅×1/2埃迪尔拜品种，III组为×1/4罗曼诺夫斯卡娅×3/4埃迪尔拜品种。为了研究日粮中营养物质的消耗和利用情况，使用 VIZh 方法（A.I. Ovsyannikov，1976 年）进行了平衡实验。结果表明，杂交幼畜对日粮营养物质的消耗和利用最为集中。值得注意的是，实验组 III 的幼畜对营养物质的消化系数高于实验组 I 和 II 的幼畜，平均为 0.3-1.75。结果表明，II 组和 III 组杂交幼畜对日粮营养的利用率高于纯种幼畜。同时，III 组杂交幼畜对日粮营养物质的消化能力更强。
{"title":"Influence of genotype of lam on the consumption and use of nutrients in the diets","authors":"V. Kosilov, Y. Yuldashbaev, E. A. Nikonova, I. Rakhimzhanova, R. G. Kalyakina, M. N. Dolgaya","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-98-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-98-103","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The results of a study of the consumption and use of dietary nutrients by purebred and crossbred rams are presented.Methodology. To conduct the study, experimental groups of rams were formed from newborn young animals: I— Romanovskaya breed, II— 1/2Romanovskaya × 1/2edilbai, III— × 1/4Romanovskaya × 3/4edilbai. To study the consumption and use of nutrients in the diet, a balance experiment was carried out using the VIZh method (A.I. Ovsyannikov, 1976).Results. It has been established that crossbred young animals consume and use the nutrients of the diet most intensively. It is enough to note that the coefficient of digestibility of nutrients by young animals of the experimental group III was higher than by young animals of groups I and II, on average by 0.3–1.75. The results obtained indicate that crossbred young animals of groups II and III made better use of dietary nutrients than purebred peers. At the same time, crossbred young animals of group III were characterized by a better ability to digest nutrients in diets.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":" April","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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